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(a-b)3=a3-3a2b+3ab2-b3 ;
a3+b3=(a+b)(a2-ab+b2)
a3-b3=(a-b)(a2+ab+b2) ;
PROPRIETATILE PUTERILOR
anam=an+m ; an:am=an -m ; (an)m=anm ; (ab)n=anbn ; (a:b)n=an:bn ; a0=1 ; 0n=0 ; 1n=1
PROPRIETATILE RADICALILOR
a b = a b
a/b = a / b
18 = 9 2 = 9 2 = 3 2
;5
x2 = x
;(
=y
3 = 25 3 = 25 3 =
; a0 ; b0 ; y0 ; exemple:
2
2
75 ; ( 3) = 3 = 3 ; ( 6 )
=6 .
MODULUL
Definitie : |X|=X daca X0 si |X|= -X daca X0 ;
Proprietati : |X|0 ; |ab|=|a||b| ; |a+b||a|+|b| ;
Exemple : |-5|= -(-5)=5 ; |7|=7 ; |-2|= -(-2)=2 ; |+4|=4 ;
P(x,y)
A(x,y)
MULTIMI DE NUMERE
Multimea numerelor naturale notata cu N : 0,1,2,3,4,
Multimea numerelor intregi notata cu Z : - ,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,+
Multimea numerelor rationale notata cu Q: exemple -3/4 ;5/2 ;-12/4 ;0,23 ;-5,(24) ;4,20(576) ;
Multimea numerelor reale notata cu R ; exemple : -3/4 ;5/2 ;-1/4 ; 7 5 ; 6 ; -5,(24) ;
4,20(576) ; 0,202002000200 ;-5,2323323332333323 ;
Orice numar natural este numar intreg : N Z.
Orice numar intreg este numar rational : Z Q.
Orice numar rational este numar real :
Q R.
2
Avem urmatoarele relatii de incluziune intre aceste multimi : N Z Q R.
Numerele reale care nu sunt numere rationale se numesc numere irationale.
AABC=
BC AD AB AC sin A
=
2
2
PABC= AB+BC+CA
AABCD=
( AB + CD ) BE
2
PABCD= AB+BC+CD+DA
AABCD= ABBC
AABCD= CDAE
PABCD= 2(AB+BC)
AABCD=
AC2=AB2+BC2
PABCD= 2(AB+BC)
AC BD
2
PABCD= 4AB
P=3l
P=4l
P=6l
l2 3
l 3
A=
;a =
4
6
l
A = l2 ; a =
2
A=
l=R
l=R 2
l=R
l 3 3R
h=
=
2
2
d=l 2 =2R
3l 2 3
l 3
;a =
2
2
TRIUNGHIUL DREPTUNGHIC
b2=an
Teorema catetei:
h2=mn
Teorema inaltimii:
c2=am
;
;
h=
bc
a
c2=h2+m2 si
bc a h
=
2
2
b2=h2+n2
FUNCTII TRIGONOMETRICE
functia
30
60
45
functia
30
60
sin
1
2
3
2
tg
3
3
cos
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
sin x=
c.o.
AB
=
i.
AC
cos x=
ctg
c.a.
BC
=
i.
AC
tg x=
45
c.o.
AB
=
c.a.
BC
ctg x=
c.a.
BC
=
c.o.
AB
PB a p
Al=PBm
Al=
At=Al+2AB
At=Al+AB
Al=
( Pb + PB ) a tr
2
At=Al+Ab+AB
V=ABh
V=
AB h
3
V=
h Ab + AB + Ab AB
A= 2Rg
At= 2R ( g + R )
Al= Rg
At= R ( g + R )
V= R 2 h
R 2 h
V=
3
g ( R + r ) + R 2 + r 2
Al= g ( R + r )
At=
h R2 + r2 + R r
V=
3
As= 4R 2
Vs=
4R
3
Ac= 2Rh
R2=r2+(R-h)2
At= 2 ( ab + ac + bc )
V= abc
d2 = a 2 + b2 + c2
rezulta:
AB
AC BC
=
=
MN MP NP
rezulta:
AB
AC
=
AM AN
CERCUL
Lc= 2R ;
Ac= R 2 ;