Welding Symbols

(ISO 2553)
and
Weld Joint Design
ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Square Groove Weld

Single V Groove Weld

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Single Bevel Groove Weld

Single V Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Single Bevel Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

Single U Groove Weld

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Single J Groove Weld

Backing Weld
ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Fillet Weld

Plug / Slot Weld

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Spot Weld

Seam Weld
ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Edge Weld

Surfacing
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Weld Profile

Flat
Convex Concave
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS

M MR
Toes blended Permanent Removable
smoothly Backing Strip Backing Strip
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Peripheral Welds
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Site welds
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Tail Optional)

Sequence of Information in the Tail

• Process (as per ISO 4063)
• Acceptance Level (as per ISO 5817 or ISO 10042)
• Working Position (as per ISO 6947)
• Filler Materials (as per ISO 544 or ISO 2560 or
ISO 3581)
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Method of representation

Reference Line (Continuous)

Reference Line (Dashed)

Arrow
Line

Weld Joint
 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Arrow Side

Arrow Side

Other Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Other Side

Arrow Side

Other Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Other Side

Other Arrow
Side Side
 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Arrow Side

Other Arrow
Side Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Which is the Other Side in this case?

Side B Side A

Side C Side D
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on both Sides

Arrow Side

Other Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Symmetric Welding on both Sides
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints

OR
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Butt Joints

s l s
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Fillet Welds

5
z5 l
5

a5 l

5
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Fillet Welds

a a a
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Intermittent Fillet Welds

z n x l (e)
z n x l (e)

l (e) l (e)
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds

z n x l (e)
z n x l (e)

l (e) l (e)

l (e) l (e)
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Spot Weld

d n (e)

e e

d
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Seam Weld

d n x l (e)

l e

d
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Plug Weld

d n (e)

e e

d
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Slot Weld

d n x l (e)

l e

d
WELD JOINT DESIGN
Edge Preparation - Need
Poor penetration
Poor strength

Good penetration
Good strength
(100% joint
efficiency)
 Edge Preparation
Factors which influence choice of edge preparation

- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost
 Basic Joint Types

butt

lap
tee

corner
edge
 Basic Weld Types
Groove welds

Fillet weld
Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

 Applicable Welds for Butt joint
Square Groove weld V Groove weld

Bevel Groove weld U Groove weld

J Groove weld
 Applicable Welds for Butt joint

Double V Groove weld Double Bevel Groove weld

Double U Groove weld Double J Groove weld

Applicable Welds for Tee joint
Applicable Welds for Lap joint

Fillet weld

Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld
Applicable Welds for Corner Joint
Applicable Welds for Edge Joint

Edge weld
 Butt joint
Square Groove weld

Root gap
 Butt joint
Single V Groove weld
Groove angle α

Root face

Root gap
 Weld Reinforcement

Correct Excess Under

reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement
Minimum cost High cost
Good joint Poor joint strength Poor joint strength
strength
Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration

Weld from face side

Back gouging

Back weld
Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration

Backing weld

Back gouging
Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration
(welding from one side)

TIG / SMAW
welding

Consumable
guide
 Butt Joint – Double V groove
Double V groove Less weld metal
Less distortion
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 20 mm
Single V groove
More weld metal
More distortion
Lower edge preparation cost
Better for thickness < 20 mm
 Butt Joint – U groove
Groove angle

Root radius
Root face
Root gap

Good access at the root

Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm
 Butt Joint – Bevel groove
Single bevel groove
Bevel angle 40 to 50°
Difficult to approach
the root
Weld defects

Double bevel groove Back gouging to

remove root defects
Good weld quality
 Butt Joint – J groove

Good access at the root

Back gouging and back welding to get good weld quality
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm
 Tee Joint – Full strength joint

throat = 0.707 x leg In a full strength

joint, leg = 0.75 x
leg = 1.414 x throat thickness

leg throat

leg
Tee Joint – Full penetration joint

45° or 60°

leg = throat leg = throat

 Tee Joint

Actual throat
Theoretical throat

AWS D 1.1 recommendation when gap > 1.6 mm –

to increase leg size of fillet by the amount of gap
 Lap Joint

overlap
AWS D 1.1 recommendation
Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max
 Welding Position – Groove
1G

3G

2G
4G
Welding Position – Groove

1G 2G

5G 6G

45°
Welding Position – Fillet

1F

2F
3F

4F
 Welding Position – Fillet
1F

2F

5F
 Welding Positions – Groove
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0° to 15° 150° to 210°
Horizontal 0° to 15° 80° to 150°
210° to 280°
Overhead 0° to 80° 0° to 80°
280° to 360°
Vertical 15° to 80° 80° to 280°
80° to 90° 0° to 360°
 Welding Positions – Fillet
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0° to 15° 150° to 210°
Horizontal 0° to 15° 125° to 150°
210° to 235°
Overhead 0° to 80° 0° to 125°
235° to 360°
Vertical 15° to 80° 125° to 235°
80° to 90° 0° to 360°