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STRATEGIINDUK PEMBANGUNANPERTANIAN 20132045

MEMBANGUNPERTANIANBIOINDUSTRIBERKELANJUTAN RobertManurung
Anggota TimPerumus dan TimImplementasi Strategi Induk PembangunanPertanian RI

Sekolah Tinggi gg Penyuluhan y Pertanian ( (STPP) )Medan 13November2013

Isi Paparan
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Latar Belakang Pertanian Masa Depan Landasan Konseptual SIPP Prinsip Dasar,Visi,Misi,Arah dan Sasaran SIPP Pertanian dan Lingkungan g g Berkelanjutan j Prinsip dan Interaksi Hayati dalam Menjaga Keberlanjutan Produktivitas Sistem Pertanian. Bioenergi dan Biomasa Biorefinery f y dan Bioindustri Sistem PertanianBioindustri Penutup
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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN: KONSEKUENSI DAN SOLUSI


TREN PERUBAHAN Energi fosil makin langka KONSEKUENSI DAN SOLUSI Transformasi ekonomi ke bioenergi

Kebutuhan pangan, pakan, energi dan Urgensi bioproduk, pola hidup sehat, serat dan pola konsumsi biokultura. Perubahan iklim global Kelangkaan lahan dan air Permintaan P i t terhadap t h d jjasa li lingkungan k hidup j meningkat g Petani marjinal Kemajuan iptek bioscience dan bioengineering Kapasitas adaptasi dan mitigasi Keniscayaan efisiensi & konservasi P t i ekologis Pertanian k l i dan d bioservices bi i Pluriculture: sistem biosiklus terpadu p Pengembangan bioekonomi

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LANDASANKONSEPTUAL:Strategi Berjenjang
1. Pembangunan g Ekonomi Nasional: Transformasi perekonomian dari fosil-based economy ke bio-based economy Paradigma Pertanian untuk Pembangunan: pertanian sebagai basis dan penggerak perekonomian nasional. 2. Pembangunan Pertanian: Pembangunan g Sistem Pertanian-Bioindustri Berkelanjutan

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VISIPEMBANGUNANPERTANIAN

Terwujudnya sistem pertanian-bioindustri berkelanjutan yang menghasilkan beragam pangan sehat dan produk bernilai tambah tinggi dari sumberdaya hayati pertanian dan kelautan tropika.

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MISIPEMBANGUNANPERTANIAN
Mengembangkan g g dan mewujudkan: j 1. Penataan ruang dan reforma agraria 2. Sistem pertanian tropika terpadu 3. Kegiatan ekonomi produksi, informasi dan teknologi 4. Pasca panen, agro-energi dan bioindustri berbasis perdesaan 5. Sistem pemasaran dan rantai nilai produk 6. Sistem pembiayaan pertanian 7. Sistem penelitian penelitian, inovasi dan sumberdaya manusia berkualitas 8. Infrastruktur pertanian dan perdesaan 9 Program legislasi 9. legislasi, regulasi dan manajemen yang imperatif
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SASARAN
1. 2. 3. 4.

Pendapatan petani $ 7.500/kapita/tahun pada 2040 Penduduk desa terbebas dari kemiskinan pada 2030 Indonesia menjadi high income country PDB $ 20.000/kapita/tahun pada 2040 Kemandirian pangan nasional pada 2020, kedaulatan pangan nasional pada 2025 dan kedaulatan pangan g komunitas pada 2045 Kemandirian energi melalui penerapan sistem pertanian energi terpadu di seluruh desa pada 2035 Substitusi karbohidrat impor 100 % pada 2030 dan substitusi produk berbasis fosil 75% pada 2030 Sektor jasa ekosistem pertanian (agroservices) di seluruh desa pada 2040; Bioekonomi terpadu berkelanjutan di seluruh desa pada 2045 Angkatan kerja pertanian primer 7% pada 2045 dan PDB 3% pada 2045 Angkatan kerja bioindustri 18 % pada 2025 dan 12% pada 2045, serta PDB 24% pada 2025 dan 14% pada 2045
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5.

6 6.

7. 8. 9. 10.

PRINSIPDASAR
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

7. 8. 9 9.

Governansi y yang g baik Pembuatan kebijakan dan program yang baik Pembangunan inklusif berkelanjutan Paradigma pertanian untuk pembangunan Pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan berbasis masyarakat, lingkungan alam, alam pelaku agribisnis Pembangunan pertanian berorientasi pengembangan usaha pertanian rakyat Berbasis sumberdaya lokal Lingkungan pemberdaya biobisnis sebagai infrastruktur publik Sistem pasar bersaing sehat dan berkeadilan
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PRASYARAT

1.

2.

3. 4.

Politik pembangunan dan kebijakan publik yang menjiwai p pertanian-bioindustri Pengambilan keputusan berbasis inovasi, sains dan rekayasa y hayati y Sistem konektivitas, logistik dan rantai nilai yang efisien Sumber Su be daya insani sa (S (SDI) ) be berkualitas ua tas da dan a amanah a a

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RENCANAPEMBELAJARANLAPANG20132014

Pengembangan kawasan mandiri pangan, pola hidup sehat, bioproduk, biokultura, dsb Kawasan hortikultura eksotis dan nilai tambah tinggi gg Kawasan integrasi ternak-tanaman, biosiklus terpadu Pengembangan keberlanjutan governansi tanaman keras dan sertifikasi produk ekspor unggulan Pengembangan e ge ba ga kawasan a asa pa pangan ga te terpadu padu be berbasis bas s efisiensi dan konservasi sumberdaya alam Pengembangan lingkungan g g bioservices, , jasa j g g hidup p
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Pertanian dan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan

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Sustainability

is define as

the use of the environment and resources to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Brundtland Report: Our common future - WCED 1987

Environmental sustainability is define as


the maintenance of the global ecosystem or of natural capital both as a source of inputs and as a sink for waste.
Goodland, 1995.

Ecosystems are
ecological g systems, y , interdependent p communities of living g things g that recycle matter while energy flows through in a given area, their physical surroundings (environments).
James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen: The Sciences: An Integrated Approach - 2007

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Jasa-jasa Ekosistem untuk Kesejahteraan

Millenium Ecosystem Assessment 13 KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

Life must be regarded, at the deepest level, as a matter as much of energy transformation as of genetic replication
(Wicken 1987)

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The flow of energy from the sun through the Earths ecosystem and the recycle y of matter by y ecosystem y

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Prinsip p dan Interaksi Hayati y dalam menjaga j g Keberlanjutan Produktivitas Sistem Pertanian.

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Biological Principles and Interaction in Sustaining Long-Term Agricultural Productivity (Richard R. HarwoodHarwood Michigan State University)

Biological Bi l i l structure is i the th way in i which hi h organisms i - plants l t and d animals i l that are purposefully managed for economic output are arranged with respect p to each other and to other biota in their environment.

The productivity, stability, and effects on the environment of an agricultural system are related to that diversity: its amount, its type, and most importantly its organization - how it is structured. Because agricultural systems are managed by people, their structure is guided by an underlying human philosophy or view of the world world.
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Paradigm for sustainable agricultural development translates into an increased focus on :


the interrelatedness of all parts of a farming system, including the farmer and farm family, the importance of the many biological balances in the system, the need to maximize desired biological relationships in the system and to minimize use of materials and practices that disrupt those relationships, the need for p parallel development p within countries of a broad range g of farming biological structuring, depending on the production environment, the resources a farmer has, and emerging market opportunities.

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Biomasa i d bioenergi dan bi i

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Permintaan Energi g
Tahun BBM J t kL Juta Batu bara Gas J t ton Juta t BCF LPG Juta J t ton 3.2 6.0 6.7 7.4 8.3 Listrik GWh Biomassa Biofuel J t ton Juta t Ribu Rib kL 0.307 0.799 2.227 7.272 12.972

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

52 67 93 118 148

33 48 66 81 92

625 1074 1814 2773 3692

162.1 239.7 389.7 614.6 937.4

111 110 117 107 76

Ucok WR S Siagian, Pusat Kebijakan Keenergian ITB

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Bioenergy Technologies

RenewableEnergy,OxfordUniversityPress(2004) 21 KEMENTERIANBoyle, PERTANIAN

Mobile Biodiesel processing System :


Centrifugal contactor-separator contactor separator (CCS)

Light out

Heavy out

Light in

Heavy in

(patented in Indonesia ITB and Europe ) KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN


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Sumber Biomassa (Lipid)


Jarak pagar (lipida: 12ton/ha/thn) Kepoh (lipida :2 4ton/ha/thn)

Karet (lipida :0.02 0.04ton/ha/thn)

Sawit (lipida:4 6ton/ha/thn)

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Sumber biomassa (pati)


Singkong (Pati:20 40ton/ha/thn) Rumput gajah (Gula dan pati:30ton/ha/thn

Sorgum (Gula dan pati: 20 40ton/ha/thn)

Tebu (Gula :10ton/ha/thn)

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US Grows its Gas


TODAY & BUSINESS AS USUAL 30 million hectares soy NEXT DECADE & FUTURE 30 million hectares switchgrass
Switchgrass 1 to 3x protein productivity + 5 to 10 x mass productivity of soybeans

animal protein feed

oils

animal protein feed

oils

Cellulose C ll l hydrolyzed into 30 billion gallons ethanol


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http://thayer.dartmouth.edu/thayer/rbaef/.

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Oil and p protein p production by y microalgae g


High productivity

Oil content: 20-60% 20,000-50,000 liter/ha/year oil Palm oil: 6,000 liter/ha/year

Ren Wijffels - Wageningen UR KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

Oil and p protein p production by y microalgae g Why algae?


High productivity

Oil content: 20-60% 20,000-50,000 20,000 50,000 liter/ha/year oil Palm oil: 6,000 liter/ha/year Grow on seawater Use of residual nutrients (CO2, N, P) Co-products have value (e.g. starch, proteins)

No competing p g claims

Ren Wijffels - Wageningen UR


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To replace all transport fuels in Europe*

400 million illi m3 lipids li id needed d d 9.25 million ha surface area Equivalent to surface area of Portugal 400 million tons of proteins produced 40 times the amount of soy protein imported in Europe

*Wijffels & Barbosa (2010) An outlook on microalgal biofuels 799 biofuels. Science. 379: 796 796-799.

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Sistem produksi PPO,Etanol dan Biodisel terpadu


Plant oil plantation Lipid extraction and purification

Pure Plant Oil

Biomass waste

compost Pressedcake
Continuous esterification Combustion

Composting

Biodiesel

leafs stalks
Plant Starch field

Pyrolysis

minerals

heats
Starch St h extraction, t ti fermentation and distillation

Ethanol
Sumber : RM _SPIN KNAW Project

biogas
Biodigester

minerals

waste
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Functionalised chemicals can be made from Biomass without major enthalpy differences, but not from naphtha-J J.P.M. (J (Johan) ) Sanders .

Enthalpy

CxHzN CxHy
naphtha

CxHzN

amine
CxHzOy(OCHz)v

CxHy

lignin
CxHyOz

oil / fat
CxHzOyN Sv

CxHzO Oil / gas Petrochemical way


one raw material

protein
CxHzOy

Biomass

carbohydrate

chemicals
many products

Biorefinary way
many raw materials

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Sistem PertanianBiondustri Berkelanjutan

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Konsep Holistik Pertanian Berkelanjutan

(hhtp://www.unesco.or/education)

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Agricultural trends over the past 40 years.


Total global cereal production; . Total global use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and area of global irrigated land

Trends in the nitrogen-fertilization g efficiency of crop production

Diminishing returns of fertilizer application imply that further applications may not be as effective at increasing yields.

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Manusia vs Teknologi ?

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Biorefinery dan Bioindustri

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Modelanalogcarta alir bioproduk dari bahan baku biomassa

T. Werpy, G. Petersen, Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass

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SISTEM PERTANIAN-BIOINDUSTRI

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PIRAMIDA NILAI TAMBAH HASIL OLAHAN BIOMASA


TERTINGGI: OBAT-OBATAN , PANGAN DAN PAKAN TERRENDAH: BAHAN KIMIA DAN ENERGI

NILAI TAMBAH KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

VOLUM ME
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Analogi g Biorefinery f y
Fuels and Energy Fuels and Energy -Bioethanol Bioethanol -Biodiesel -Biogas -Hydrogen Crude oil Biomass Bulk chemicals -Bulk -Fine chemicals -Biopolymers Chemicals

Chemicals

Refinery

Biorefinery
Source:h.j.heeres,rug

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Pengembangan Bioindustri dengan Penerapan Konsep Biorefinery


Proses Primer Proses Sekunder
Konversi Protein

Pengolahan Lanjut j

Produk/ Penggunaa n
Pupuk
Asam Amino/ Pakan Damar/ Bahan Perekat Senyawa Fenolik Platform Kimia

( 70 0 90 % )

Biomassa

Konversi Lignin

Konversi Selulosa dan Hemiselulosa

( 10 30 % )
Karbohidrat Minyak Nabati Residu Residu

B Bakar Nabati B. dan Aditif

Residu Pembangkit Listrik dan Termal


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Pilot biorefinery line Foxhol (Groningen) (Prograss Consortium), New Grassa (Oenkerk)
Grass protein (products)
white grass protein

Protein

compound feed

Green grass protein

Grass juice
Grass juice concentrate
compound feed

Fibers

+ .....
Ethanol

HTUBiofuel

Construction material + paper

Polymer extrusion products

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Water use efficiency y increases by y biorefinery: y


Brehmer, maximal fossil feedstock replacement potential; Chem Eng Res Des (2009)

________________________________________________________________

Biorefinery Bi fi substitution b tit ti Crop Ave. Water use Ave. Water use yield y efficiency y y yield efficiency y (GJ/ha) ( M3/GJ) (GJ/ha) (M3/GJ) ________________________________________________________ Maize 60 20-60 20 60 382 3-10 3 10 Wheat 36 31-40 343 3.5-4.5 Sugar cane 280 11-16 490 6-9 S Sugar b beet t 150 17-26 17 26 292 8 13 8-13 Rape seed 20 7-10 353 0.5-0.7

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J.P.M. (Johan) Sanders, WUR


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Conversion route of petro-chemical source to chemical products


Base chemicals

Fossil feedstock

Derivatives

Scheme of Petro-chemical Products Tree

2500 different products on the markets from fossil origin

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Top 12 Platform Chemicals

T T. Werpy Werpy, G G. Petersen Petersen, Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass

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Produksi bahan kimia bernilai tinggi dari pati

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Pemrosesan singkong konvensional dan dengan konsep biorefinery


Plantation
root, root 20tons/ha

Harvesting
stems+leaves

Pre treatment

starch, starch 6tons

Primary processing

refinedstarch modifiedstarch glucose

waste waste

(a)Diagramrantai pasok pati konvensional


root, 100tons/ha

Plantation

Harvesting
shoots softstems

Pre treatment

starch, 30tons

Primary processing

glucose

Modifications

Composting

Primary hardstems fractionation


Leaves+ shoottips

dissolved substances

Chemical products
energy

Feedfor Cattle

Biogas ogas production

(b)Diagram rantai pasok pati yanglebih baik KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

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Block Diagram of SHS Sugar Processing (conventional)

Block Diagram of Sugar Cane Syrup Processing (biorefinery concept)


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Primary Processing Field 1

Secondary Processing

Primary Processing Field 2

Detailed integration of small (primary) and large (secondary) processing systems

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PERTANAMAN KAYU PUTIH DAN PADI DI INDRAMAYU

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Program Pembelajaran Pertanian Bioindustri Terpadu


Produktivitas singkong 60 Ton /hr Kebutuhan panen 40/60 = 0.66 Ha/hr Kebutuhan lahan 0.66 x 360 = 240 Ha/th 80 Ton /hr 40 Ton singkong/hr g g/ 10 Ton/hr

13 Ton /hr

40 Ton /hr

1000 ekor 13 Ton /hr 13 Ton T /hr /h 13 Ton /hr

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Penutup

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RehabilitationofaridlandinKhartoum Sudan

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Conservation Agriculture in Brazil


Massive conversion of intensive tillage systems to no till systems no-till Harnessing ecosystem services on-farm and on large landscape level

Agriculture is becoming a producer of clean water KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN


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Terima Kasih

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