n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 1
n s 1, gm c hai ni dung chnh l lp bin php thi cng t (o, p, m) v thi
cng phn ngm (ng, p cc BTCT, cc tre, m ct). Tu theo mi nhim v c giao
v c im cng trnh (v tu thuc s sng to ca mi hc sinh) m c th vit thuyt minh
theo cng c th cho ph hp, tuy nhin hc sinh c th tham kho cng sau:
Ch : Khi vit cn p dng ng cng trnh c giao v tt c cc s liu kin trc, kin cu...
v tt c cc mc u c cc hnh v minh ho m t.

I. C IM CNG TRNH V S LIU IU TRA K THUT
1. Kin trc: Tn cng trnh, chc nng, nhim v, a im xy dng, chiu cao cng trnh,
din tch xy dng, cc cng trnh ln cn (k c ng giao thng ti cng trng, cc nh dn
tip gip).
2. Kt cu: nu tn cc kt cu chnh v kch thc ca chng (v d khung BTCT ton khi,
c xy tng chn, tit din ct 200x220, 220x300, sn dy 100)
3. nh gi iu kin a cht cng trnh: Nu khng c cc s liu c th th gi thit theo
hng thun li cho thi cng, v d nh: Theo iu tra kho st, nn t tng i bng phng,
phi tn nn cao , trong phm vi xy dng c cc lp t t trng trt (0-0.4m); t st
(0.4-6.3m); St pha (6.3-12.6m) iu kin a cht thu vn (c mc nc ngm hay khng,
su bao nhiu, khi thi cng c cn h MNN khng).
4. H thng in nc phc v thi cng: Ngun in u? Ngun cp nc? Thot nc?
phc v thi cng, thng ngun in ly hai ngun : qua trm bin th khu vc, s dng
my pht in d phng; Ngun cp nc ly t ngun cp nc thnh ph; Thot nc ra h
thng thot nc chung thnh ph (hoc knh, mng tu theo iu kin ca cng trnh ca mnh).
II. CHUN B MT BNG
Ni v cch lm nhng vic gii phng mt bng (no vt, cht cy, ph d). Khi lm cc
vic cn ch g? Lm nh th no? Hy tham kho t iu 2.2 n iu 2.10 ca TCVN
4447-1998.
III. NH V CNG TRNH, CCH GIC MNG, H O (xeml thuyt phn di vit)
1. nh v : nh v cng trnh l lm g? Cn cc dng c g? Lm nh th no?
2. Gic mng, h o: Ch ra cch gic mng? Dng c, cch lm (b tr gi nga, cc nh
v, tin hnh cng dy th di nh th no xc nh tim cc, tim mng, kch thc mng, mp
h o).
III. THI CNG P CC
1. Cc yu cu k thut khi thi cng p cc
a) Yu cu i v i thi t b p (tham kho TCXD 286-2003)
b) Yu cu i vi cc (TCXD 286-2003)
c) Yu cu vi vic hn ni cc (TCXD 286-2003)
d) c im c th ca cc:
Vit cu to cc c th cho cng trnh, tit din cc, chiu di cc, cu to tng on (C1, C2).
2. Chn phng php p cc
La chn phng php p trc hay p sau? (ti sao); trnh t ca ton b cng vic p cc va
chn ( san mt bng, vn chuyn thit b v cc, tin hnh p), ch l c phi p m khng,
nu c phi chn cc dn v cu to cc dn (Ch : hu ht p cc u phi p m, tc l u
on cc cui cng nm su trong t, sau o mng mi h ra, p su xung nh vy,
phi c mt on cc m vo khi p, on gi l cc dn). Nu u v nhc im ca bin
php p cc.
3. Chn my thi cng cc
a) Xc nh lc p danh nh (lc p do my p sinh ra, ly theo TCVN 286-2003, mc 3.1.6)
coc ep
P K P . = (tn). (K=2-3; P
coc
: sc chu ti ca cc, ly theo bn thit k (khong 20 100 tn).
n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 2
a
b) Chn s my p: c hai s , p m v p nh, nu u nhc im ca mi loi, chn ra
mt s (gi : nn chn p m, c hai xilanh), tnh lc p ln nht cho mi kch thu lc (lm
cn c chn xilanh ly lc p/ s xilanh).
i trng Q chn sao theo iu kin sao cho m bo lc p ln u cc t P
ep
m h i
trng khng b bt ln. i trng Q chn ln nht trong hai gi tr: Q
1
= P
ep.
L
1
/L v
Q
2
=P
p
.b
1
/b (i trng l cc khi b tng 1x1x2m hoc 1.1.3m (1m
3
nng 2,5 tn); t tnh s
qu ti cho mi bn. L
1
, B
1
xem h nh v m t v gi my p. C nhiu loi gi p khc nhau,
khuyn khch t tm hiu thc t ly s liu (trng hp khng c s liu th tham kho hnh
v v mt loi my p thng dng phn di).
c) Chn cu phc v p cc
Cu dng a cc vo gi p v bc x i trng khi di chuyn gi p. chn cu cu lp
ta phi bit ba thng s l Q
max
(Trng lng nng nht ca cu kin); , H
max
(Chiu cao bt
li nht ca kt cu; Chiu cao nng vt ln nht), R
max
(Bn knh vi xa nht), L (chiu di tay
cn ca cn trc) ri t tra s tay my xy dng chn ra loi cu ph hp nht:
Khi cn trc bc xp i trng: Tnh ton theo s c vt cn:
- Sc trc : Q
max
=1,3. V
dt
. 2,5 (tn); trong V
dt
l th tch ca mt qu ti; 1,3 l h s
ng; trong cng thc b qua khi lng dy treo.
- Xc nh gc nghing a ca tay cn:
n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 3
p dng cng thc sau:
3
e a
h H
tg
c L
+
-
= a t tnh ra c gc a.
- Tnh chiu di tay cn L
max
=
a a cos sin
e a h H
c L
+
+
-

- Tnh bn knh vi xa nht: R
max
=L
max
. cosa
- cao nng mc cu: H
max
=H
L
+h
1
+h
2
+h
3

- h
1
: chn trong khong 0.5 1m (chiu cao nng vt cao hn v tr lp).
- h
2
: chiu cao ca cu kin (ly bng chiu di cc, chiu cao qu ti).
- h
3
: chiu cao ca thit b treo buc (ly bng 1-1.5m).
- h
4
: on cp tnh t mc cu ti puli u cn ly 1,5m.
- e: khong cch an ton khng chm v im chm I, ly 1 1,5m.
- r: khong cch t khp quay tay cm n trc quay ca my ly r=1-1,5m.
- a: khong cch t trng tm vt cu ti im chm I.
- h
c
: ly =1.5 1.7m (khong cch t khp quay ca tay cm n trc quay ca my).
Khi cn trc bc xp i trng: Tnh ton theo s khng c vt cn:
- Sc trc : Tnh trng lng cc: G =1,1. V
coc
. 2,5 (tn); trong V
coc
l th tch cc; 1,1
l h s vt ti. Q
max
=K
d
.G
coc
=1,3.G
coc

- Tnh tt c cc thng s L
max
, H
max
, R
max
nh trn nhng ly gc a =75
0
.
T cc s liu c c: L
max
, H
max
, R
max
ca c hai trng hp tnh trn, tra s tay chn my
chn ra cn trc thch hp, ghi li tnh nng ca n.
4. Qui trnh k thut p cc
a)Cng tc chun b: ni k v cng tc chun b gm cc vic g?
V d: Chun b mt bng, xem xt bo co a cht cng trnh, bn , cng trnh ngm, ng
ng...
Nghin cu mng li b tr cc, h s k thut cc, cc vn bn v k thut do c quan thit k
a ra (lc p gii hn, nghing cho php...).
b. Tin hnh p cc: Ni k v cch p mt cc t lc lp t thit b n khi p xong (tham
kho TCVN 286-2003)
c. Ghi chp nht k p cc theo chiu di
d. Chuyn sang v tr mi.
e. Th nn tnh cho cc.
f. Cc s c c th xy ra khi p cc.
g. Cch p m u cc.
h. S di chyn my p cc
i. Cch kho u cc.
5. An ton lao ng khi p cc
IV. THI CNG T (o, p, tham kho TCVN4447-1987 v TCVN79-1980)
1. Tnh ton ton b khi lng o p v chn bin php k thut o.
tnh ton khi lng o tham qui tc v cc cng thc tnh trong gio trnh.
Chn ra bin php k thut o c gii hay th cng (nu khi lng do ln, cn tng tin
thi cng th p dng c gii).
Nu p dng o my th tnh khi lng o bng my l bao nhiu, khi lng o th
cng l bao nhiu (o my bao gi cng li t 20-50cm o th cng, nhm bo v
nn t v trnh vng khi c cc).
2. Chn my o t (ch chn my gu nghch o t)
Tu thuc vo khi lng o p t hay nhiu, loi t d hay kh thi cng m chn my
theo s tay chn my. Khi chn my phi ly c cc thng s: loi dn ng thu lc hay
c cu c kh, dung tch gu q bng bao nhiu; bn knh o ln nht; su o ln nht
n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 4
Tnh nng sut ca my o:
Nng sut k thut ( ) h m
K
K
q
T
P
s
ck
kt
/ . .
3600
3
1
= Nng sut thc t: ( ) ca m K z P P
t kt td
/ . .
3
=
Vi K
s
l h s xc t (c th ly =1); q l dung tch gu; K
1
h s ti xp ban u ca t
(=1,2; 1,3 tu loi t); z l s ca lm vic / ngy; T
ck
l chu k hot ng ca my, T
ck
=t
1
+t
2

+t
3
+t
4
(thi gian xc t +thi gian quay cn n v tr +thi gian t +thi gian quay
cn n v tr o).
t
1
thi gian xc t (const) ly theo s liu ca my; t
2
quay cn ly theo quan st thc t; t
3
ly
theo s liu ca my; t
4
theo quan st thc t; thng T
ck
=20 25 (s).
T nng sut my o, thi gian hon thnh d kin trong tin , v s ca my phi o
chn ra s lng my o (thm kho bi ging t chc thi cng).
Tnh ton chiu rng khoang o (ch n mi dc).
3. Bin php k thut o t
a) Yu cu k thut (xem TCVN vit): ch dc khi o, t o ln khng ba bi
m gn thnh ng, mt phn vn chuyn i mt phn li lp t tn nn, ch o phi
li 10cm, n khi thi cng lp lt th o.
b) o bng my (m t chi tit k thut o tham kho gio trnh v tiu chun)
Thit k ng di chuyn ca my o, hng o t v hng t, thng hai hng ny
vung gc nhau hoc ngc chiu nhau l hp l. Tt nht thit k sao cho c th my o
quay cn 90
0
t ln xe vn chuyn ( t,hoc xe ci tin).
c) o th cng
Dng c o,phng tin vn chuyn, thit k hng o v hng vn chuyn, t chc o
t nh th no? (trnh tp trung vo mt ch), cc bin php lm gim kh khn thi cng (v
d lm m). Khi o ti cao trnh thit k, o ti u lm lp lt mng ti .
d) S c v cch khc phc khi o t (tham kho gio trnh vit)
4. Bin php k thut lp t
a) Yu cu k thut chung (tham kho tiu chun): v m, di t thnh lp, ri n u
m n , lp t mt pha hay hai pha.
b) Tnh khi lng lp t: p dng cng thc: V
lap
=(V
h
- V
c
) k
0.
V
h
th tch hnh hc h o (chnh l th tch o V
d
); V
c
th thch hnh hc ca cng trnh chn
trong mng (gm c mng, b tng lt), K
0
h s ti ca t; tu loi t k0=1,2; 1,3 ....
c) Bin php k thut: Di t: th cng kt hp my; chn dng c dm: v g, m gang, cch m.
5. K thut thi cng lp lt mng: chiu dy lp lt? Mc? khi lng? cch di? cch m?
dng c.

V. THI CNG NG CC TRE
1. Cu to cc tre v s lng cc tre phi ng cho cng trnh: nu chi tit cu to cc tre, v
cch chn ra cc tre t tiu chun, tnh s lng cc v mt cc phi ng.
2.Thit k bin php k thut: chn cc dng c? thit k sn cng tc ng ng nu cn?
hng ng cc cho ton cng trnh v co tng khm nh? Cc s c v cch x l nu gp
phi.
3. Bin php an ton khi ng cc tre


VI. BIN PHP AN TON
Cn c mn hc an ton lao ng, vit theo tng cng tc



n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 5
MT S VN L THUYT
Khi lm n bt buc phi nghin cu li ton b gio trnh k thut thi cng v nhiu ti liu
khc, y trch ra nhng vn ct yu nht c lin quan n n s 1

Gic mng nh th no?
nh v cng trnh cn c vo h ng v gc ph ng v
a b
a
b
Cm trc nh v trc cng trnh
20

a
b
n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 6

f

f

Gic mng cng trnh
Gic mt ct h o
mH
b
l + =
2
n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 7
Gi p cc in hnh
n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 8

QUI TRNH K THUT CO BN KHI P COC
n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 9

GHI CHP P COC THEO CHIU DAI COC:

CHUYN SANG VI TR MI


TH NN TNH CHO COC

o
o
o
o
CC SU C XY RA KHI ANG P COC:

o
o

n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 10
o
o

o



BIN PHP P M U COC:

m bo sau khi p cc
nh ln khi mt t t 30-50cm, nh ln. Chn dn c th l chn l on cc bng
thp tit din 20x20cm; ri tnh ra chiu di.
AN TOAN LAO NG TRONG THI CONG P COC:





SO NG - P COC
ng di chuyn
ca my khng phc tp, thng, khng chng cho, ph hp vi di chuyn ca cu v bi cc..).
ng di chuyn ca my p trong mt i c v chi tit v di chuyn my trn ton b mt bng v
trn bn v mt bng.
o
o
o
KHO U COC:
o

o
f

n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 11

Ph ng php gia c nn bng cc tre cng tc ng cc tre
Cu to cc tre:

Phm vi p dng:
Ph ng php ng cc



S ng cc
n tt nghip Phn thi cng t v gia c nn mng

o Xun Thu 12


TH HIN BN V NH TH NO
Bn v l ti liu quan trng do phi th hin ng cc yu cu v bn v k thut (kch thc
bn v, t l, ng nt, khung tn). Nu bin php k thut ng, nhng th hin khng t
cc yu cu th n cng khng c nh gi.
bn v t yu cu, trc khi v phi nghin cu k v b cc bn v, t l v chi tit, chun
b y dng c nht l bt v (c loi ng nt).
Bn v th hin trn kh A1, v mc.
Ni dung ca bn v n s 1
1. Mt bng thi cng o t: trn th hin mt bng h o, rnh o (v ng vch
t), hng o t, hng t (v tr ng ca my o, xe vn chuyn), bi t,
cc nh v cng trnh, gi nga gic mng cng trnh.
2. Mt bng thi cng ng cc BTCT hoc cc tre: th hin r cc cc ng xong, cc
cc ang ng, hng thi cng (hng di chuyn ca ngi, my t v tr bt u ti kt
thc), sn thao tc ng thi cng, bi cc
3. Cc mt ct : C nhiu v tr ct qua phi th hin, ct qua cc h o, ct qua mng cc
ang thi cng
4. Cc chi tit: C nhiu chi tit cn th hin, chi tit my p cc, ng cc, chi tit ng
cc btct, chi tit dng c thi cng (v, m, sn thao tc, xe ci tin), chi tit gi nga,
chi tit gic mng, chi tit cc nh v, chi tit rnh mng
Lu quan trng: Tt c cc b phn bn v th hin sng sa, sch, ch v bng thc, v c
bit phi y kch thc, ct cao (ni tom li, m bo khi c bn v th c th trin khai
ra thc t ng nh vy, t dng c, vt liu n cch lm). i vi cc hc sinh v my sau
khi np bi, hc sinh phi copy bi v ti t thi cng v gio vin kim tra kh nng v my ca
hc sinh trn bn v nhm m bo qui ch thi c. Thuyt minh c nh my, v my. Cc
mt bng c php v kt hp (trn mt mt bng th hin nhiu giai on: thi cng t + ng
p cc + gic mng+ b tng).

Sau y l mt s bn v, chi tit bn v mu.
Hc sinh c th ly ti liu ny, v cc tiu chun v thi cng, bn v mu, v cc ti liu lin
quan ti trang web: http://thxaydung.com ch cc bn v di y cha phi l trnh by hon
chnh trn kh A1, ch l trch cc chi tit.