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Perpindahan molekul/partikel: gas atau cair Syarat Difusi: Dari konsentrasi lebih tinggi ke konsentrasi lebih rendah
Hypertonic solution
reference solution
OSMOSIS
Osmosis
Perpindahan air dari daerah potensial air tinggi ke daerah potensial air rendah melalui sekat selektif permeabel.
Osmosis
Perpindahan air melintasi membran semipermeabel Special case of diffusion
More water
Osmosis
Equilibrium
1% Salt solution 10% Salt Solution Water is High Water is Low concentration concentration Salt is Low Salt is High
3 menit
START
air laut
LATER
air laut
Water permeable bag allows water to move but not salts Water moved
From high energy (pure water) To low energy Continues until no water left in bag
START
air tawar
LATER
air tawar
Water permeable bag allows water to move but not salts Water moved
From high energy (pure water) To low energy Continues until bag breaks
typical cell
START
LATER
cell wall
Air laut
Air laut
Water permeable bag allows water to move but not salts Water moves
From high energy (pure water) To low energy Until concentration of solutes (water energy) = inside and out
No pressure differences between bag and surroundings Cell with membrane shrinks away from wall
START
Air tawar
LATER
Air tawar
Water permeable bag allows water to move but not salts Water moved
From high energy (pure water) To low energy Continues until pressure effect on water energy = solute effect
Big pressure differences between bag and surroundings Cell volume hardly changes (pressure does)
Perpindahan Air
Air bergerak menurut gradien energi
Dari energi tinggi ke energi lebih rendah
- status energi air - ketersediaan air - energi potensial - Kapasitas air untuk bekerja (exert a force over a distance) Potensial air disimbolkan dengan Psi ( Y) Atau PA
Potensial Air
Mengapa air bergerak? Potensial Tekanan
Potensial Osmotik
Potensial Matriks Potensial Air merujuk pada konsentrasi air Air begerak menuruni gradien potensial air,
Potensial Osmosis, atau potensial larutan menentukan arah perpindahan air melintasi membran
Semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan, semakin negatif potensial larutan/potensial osmosis, semakin besar kecenderungan air untuk masuk dari larutan dengan konsentrasi lebih rendah
Rule of osmosis: water always moves across a differentially permeable membrane toward the region of more negative (lower) water potential
Potensial Air merupakan jumlah negatif potensial larutan/osmosis (s, PO) dan (biasanya positif potensial tekanan (p, PT)
(s) = - m i R T
dimana m = molalitas (mol/1000g); i = konstanta ionisasi (biasanya 1,0 untuk non elektrolit sedangkan elektrolit tergantung pada derajat dissosiasi); R = konstanta gas (0,0083 ltr Mpa/mol); dan T = temperatur (oK)