Moân Hoïc: PHP Baøi 1: Computer Learning Center

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Mon hoc: PHP

Bu 1

Nbung oan Jc cbinb sc Juoc Jc cap trong bai boc.
Gioi tbicu PHP
Cau bnb II8, Apacbc Wcb 8crocr
Cai Jat PHP.
o Cai Jat PHP.
o Cau bnb ung Jung PHP
Gioi tbicu PHP.
o PHP 8cript.
o Gbi cbu trong PHP
o In noi Jung bang PHP
1. GO THK PHP
PHP vIof faf cua chu PorsonaI Homo Pago ra doI nam 1994 do phaf mInh cua
Rasmus Iordorf, va no fIop fuc duoc phaf frIon boI nhIou ca nhan va fap fho khac, do do
PHP duoc xom nhu mof san pham cua ma nguon mo.
PHP Ia kjch ban frnh chu |sorvor scrIpf) chay fron pha sorvor |sorvor sIdo) nhu
cach sorvor scrIpf khac |asp, jsp, coId fusIon).
PHP Ia kjch ban cho phop chung fa xay dung ung dung vob fron mang Infornof hay
Infranof fuong fac voI moI co so du IIou nhu mySQI, PosfgroSQI, OracIo, SQI Sorvor va
Accoss.
Iuu y rang, fu phIon ban 4.0 fro vo sau moI ho fro sossIon, ngoaI ra PHP cung nhu
PorI Ia kjch bang xu Iy chuoI raf manh chnh v vay ban co fho su dung PHP frong nhung
co you cau vo xu Iy chuoI.
2. CA OAT PHP
CaI daf PHP fron non WIndovs fh su dung php-4.0.6-WIn32.zIp, sau khI caI daf
ung dung nay fron dIa cung so xuaf hIon fhu muc PHP, frong fhu muc nay so co fap fIn
php4fs.dII va php.oxo cung voI fhu muc sossIondafa.
NgoaI ra, frong fhu muc WINOW hoac WINNT so xuaf hIon fap fIn php.InI, fap
fIn nay cho phop ban cau hnh cho ung dung PHP. Chang han, khI su dung sossIon, PHP
can mof noI do Iuu fru chung, frong fap fIn nay mac djnh Ia sossIon.savo_pafh =
C:`PHP`sossIondafa, nou ban caI daf PHP voI fhu muc PHP fron dIa fh ban can fhay
doI duong dan frong khaI bao nay.
Tuong fu nhu vay, khI co IoI frong frangPHP fh IoI fhuong xuaf hIon khI frIou goI
chung, do cho dau cac IoI nay fh ban can khaI bao dIspIay_orrors = Off fhay v chung o
frang fhaI dIspIay_orrors = On.
NgoaI ra, frang PHP cung co fho frnh bay mof so varnIng khI chung phaf hIon cu
phap khong hop Iy, chnh v vay do cho dau cac varnIng nay fh ban cung can khaI bao
frang fhaI Off fhay v On nhu assorf.varnIng = Off.
3. CA HNH NG ONG PHP
3.1. Cuu hInh S
Sau khI caI daf ho dIou hanh WIndovs NT hay 2000 fro vo sau, bang cach khaI bao
moI mof vob sIfo hay vIrfuaI sIfo frong mof sIfo dang co fhoo cac buoc nhu sau:
1. Tao mof fhu muc co fon myPHP do Iuu fru cac fap fIn PHP
2. KhoI dong IIS |fu dong khoI dong nou WIndovs NT/2000)

CIao vIon: Pham Huu Khang
COMPTKR LKARNNG CKNTKR WWW.HKHANG.COM
3. Chon Sfarf 1 Programs 1 AdmInIsfrafIvo TooIs 1 Infornof InformafIon Sorvor
4. Nou fao vIrfuaI sIfo fh chon ofauIf Wob Sfo 1 R-CIIck 1 Nov 1 VIrfuaI SIfo
5. Trong fruong hop fao moI SIfo fh ofauIf Wob Sfo 1 R-CIIck 1 Nov 1 SIfo
6. Nou chon fruong hop 4 fh ban cung fap dIon gIaI cua sIfo nhu hnh 1-1

Hnh 1-1: KhaI bao dIon gIaI
7. Chon nuf Noxf va khaI bao IP va porf, frong fruong hop ban khong su dung porf
80 cho ung sIfo khac fh chon gIa frj mac djnh. Tuy nhIon nou co nhIou ung
dung fruoc do da cau hnh frong IIS fh ban co fho fhay doI porf khac, v du
chon porf 85 nhu hnh 1-2.

Hnh 1-2: KhaI bao IP va Porf
Iuu y rang, porf 80 Ia porf chuan dIou nay co nghIa Ia khI frIou goI fron frnh
duyof ban khong can go porf, v du hffp://IocaIhosf/. oI voI fruong hop porf khac fh ban
phaI go fuong fu nhu hffp://IocaIhosf:85/

8. Chon Noxf, ban chon fhu muc cua ung dung, doI voI fruong hop nay chung fa
chon vao fhu muc myPHP, chang han frong fruong hop nay chung fa chon hfu
muc myPHP nhu hnh 1-3.

Hnh 1-3: Chon fhu muc myPHP
9. Ko don chon quyon fruy cap vob sIfo, frong fruong hop dang fhIof ko fh ban
chon vao rovso. NgoaI ra, nou ban cho phop nguoI su dung Infornof co fho
fhuc fhI fap fIn fhuc fhI fu xa fh chon vao fuy chon oxocufo.

Hnh 1-4: Quyon fruy cap
10.Chon Noxf va IInIsh, frong cua so IIS xuaf hIon ung dung co fon myPHP |khaI
bao frong phan dIon gIaI) nhu hnh 1-5.


Hnh 1-5: Tao fhanh cong ung dung PHP frong IIS

11.Sau khI fao ung dung xong, ban chon fon ung dung myPHP 1 R-CIIck l
ProporfIos 1 cua so xuaf hIon nhu hnh 1-5.

Hnh 1-5: Cau hnh PHP frong IIS
12.ang cach chon vao nuf ConfIgurafIon, cua so so xuaf hIon nhu hnh 1-6.


Hnh 1-6: Thom PHP ngIno

13.Chon nuf Add, va khaI bao nhu hnh 1-7.

Hnh 1-7: KhaI bao PHP ngIno
14.o kIom fra ung dung, ban mo cua so I va go fron fhanh dja chI chuoI nhu sau:
hffp://IocaIhosf:85/ , kof qua xuaf hIon nhu hnh 1-8.


Hnh 1-8: !ng dung PHP da duoc khoI dong
3.2.
4.
Cu dut Apuche Web Servr
o caI daf Apacho Wob Sorvor, ban fhoo cac buoc sau
1. Chop fap fIn apacho_1.3.22-vIn32-x86.oxo xuong dIa cung
2. Chay fap fIn nay va caI daf Ion dIa C:`Program IIIos`, sau khI kof fhuc fhanh
cong phan caI daf Apacho, ban baf dau cau hnh ung dung PHP.
3. Chop ba dong Ionh fu fap fIn InsfaII.fxf frong fhu muc C:`PHP

:ritAi: D `:D`
AccTy- iticDDttcD .D
AticD iticDDttcD `DD.--`

4. Pasfo vao fap fIn hffpd.conf frong fhu muc C:`Program IIIosÀpacho
CroupÀpacho`Conf`
5. Chon Sfarf 1 Programs 1 Apacho HTTP Sorvor 1 ConfroI Apacho Sorvor 1 Sfarf
6. VIof frang fosf.php voI noI dung <7ocho "hoIIo";7>
7. Chop fap fIn fosf.php vao fhu muc C:`Program IIIosÀpacho
CroupÀpacho`hfdocs`
8. Sau do go fron frnh duyof hffp://IocaIhosf/fosf.php
GO THK PHP
4.1. Yeu cuu
PHP dua fron cu phap cua ngon ngu Iap frnh C, chnh v vay khI Iam vIoc voI PHP
ban phaI Ia nguoI co kIon fhuc vo ngon ngu C, C++, VIsuaI C. Nou ban xay dung ung
dung PHP co kof noI co so du IIou fh kIon fhuc vo co so du IIou MySQI, SQI Sorvor hay
OracIo Ia dIou can fhIof.

4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
Go theu
PHP Ia kjch ban frnh chu |Sorvor ScrIpf) duoc chay fron non PHP ngIno, cung
voI ung dung Wob Sorvor do quan Iy chung. Wob Sorvor fhuong su dung Ia IIS, Apacho
Wob Sorvor, ...
Thong d{ch trung PHP
KhI nguoI su dung goI frang PHP, Wcb 8crocr frIou goI PHP ngIno do fhong djch
|fuong fu nhu ASP 3.0 chI fhong djch chu khong phaI bIon djch) djch frang PHP va fra vo
kof qua cho nguoI su dung nhu hnh 1-9.

Hnh 1-9: Qua frnh fhong djch frang PHP

Tap fIn
PHP
Wob
Sorvor
PHP
ngIno
P
Parso
Rosponso
Roquosf
Parso
Roquosf
Rosponso
K{ch bun (scrpt)
NoI dung cua PHP co fho khaI bao Ian Ion voI HTMI, chnh v vay ban su dung cap
dau gIa <7=frj/bIou fhuc/bIon7> do khaI bao ma PHP. Chang han, chung fa khaI bao:

<rr>
Ci tri ri-D :tr: <.:rcoic.>
2Ci tri ri-D i: <.:i.>
Ci tri o tD-: <.D.>

Chang han ban khaI bao frang hoIIo.php voI noI dung nhu v du 1-1 sau:
VI du 1-1: Trung hello.php

<IT\L>
<IFAL>
<TTLF>::'-c.- tc JIJ<TTLF>
<IFAL>
<FOLY>
Cr--tiD: <.Ì-c JIJ`.>
<FOLY>
<IT\L>

Kof qua fra vo nhu hnh 1-10 khI frIou goI frang nay fron frnh duyof.


Hnh 1-10: Kof qua frang hoIIo.php
Trong fruong hop co nhIou khaI bao, ban su dung ScrIpfIof, dou nay co nghIa Ia su
dung cap dau fron nhu <7php KhaI bao 7> voI cac khaI bao PHP voI cu phap cua C nhu
sau:

<.D
::ctrD:-Do.r-r;
:r-crc:rcwDo.r-r;
:tctFcw: D;
:iD``;
.>
KDi rc tr-D :rit-t
Ci tri o iD: <rr>
<. :iD .>
KDi rc Dy :rit

Iuu y rang, kof fhuc moI cau Ionh phaI dung dau ;
V du, ban khaI bao doan PHP fron frong fap fIn scrIpf.php nhu v du 1-2
VI du 1-2: Trung scrpt.php

<IT\L>
<IFAL>
<IFAL>
<FOLY>
<.D
::ctrD:-Do.r-r;
:r-crc:rcwDo.r-r;
:tctFcw: D;
:iD`Cc tc 2 4 c N-t`;
.>
Ci tri o iD: <. :iD .>
<FOLY>
<IT\L>




Iuu y rang, nou ban muon su dung scrIpf hay scrIpfIof nhu ASP fh ban khaI bao
frong fap fIn php.InI nhu sau:

:_t: OD
; Acw A:J:ty- < > t:. . iDD O11

KhI do frong frang PHP, fhay v ban khaI bao

<.D
::ctrD:-Do.r-r;
:r-crc:rcwDo.r-r;
:tctFcw: D;
:iD``;
.>

Th ban co fho khaI bao nhu sau:

<
::ctrD:-Do.r-r;
:r-crc:rcwDo.r-r;
:tctFcw: D;
:iD``;
>

4.5. Gh chu trong PHP
ChI chu frong kjch ban PHP fuong fu ngon ngu Iap frnh C, do ghI chu mof dong
fh ban su dung cap dau /. Chang han khaI bao sau Ia ghI chu:

<.D
KDi rc ri-D - iD
::ctrD:-Do.r-r;
:r-crc:rcwDo.r-r;
:tctFcw: D;
:iD``;
.>

Trong fruong hop co nhIou dong can ghI chu ban su dung cap dau /` va `/, v du
khaI bao ghI chu nhu sau:


*
KDi rc ri-D - c cd i-o
trcD c tctFcw: ri-D tr
- tcD :c .o tiD
*
:r-:ot .y:___o-ry(::t:QL, :iD};
:tctFcw:.y:__Do._rcw:(:r-:ot};

NgoaI ra, ban cung co fho su dung dau # do khaI bao ghI chu cho fung dong, v du
khaI bao sau Ia ghI chu:

<.D
= KDi rc ri-D - iD
::ctrD:-Do.r-r;
:r-crc:rcwDo.r-r;
:tctFcw: D;
:iD``;
.>

4.6. n ket quu tren trung PHP
Khac vo cac kjch ban nhu ASP, JSP, PorI, doI voI PHP do In ra gIa frj fu bIon, bIou
fhuc, ham, gIa frj cu fho fhI ban co fho su dung scrIpf nhu fron:

Ci tri o iD: < :iD >

Tuy nhIon, do su dung cu phap cua PHP khI In ra gIa frj fu bIon, bIou fhuc, ham,
gIa frj cu fho fh su dung khaI bao ocho nhu sau:

<.D
::t:QL::--t * 1rc. Co:tc.-r:;
-Dc ::t:QL:;
.>

Chang han, khaI bao ocho nhu v du 1-3.
VI du 1-2: Trung echo.php

<IT\L>
<IFAL>
<IFAL>
<FOLY>
<.D
::ctrD:-Do.r-r;
:r-crc:rcwDo.r-r;
:tctFcw: D;
:iD`Cc tc 2 4 c N-t`;
*coD Dt ri-o -Dc *
-Dc Ci tri o iD: ;
-Dc :iD;
.>
<FOLY>
<IT\L>




5. KKT LAN
Trong baI nay, chung fa fap frung fm hIou cach caI daf PHP va Apacho Wob
Sorvor, sau do cau hnh ung dung PHP frong IIS hay su dung cau hnh mac djnh cua
chung.
NgoaI ra, ban Iam quon cach khaI bao ma PHP frong frang .php cung voI scrIpf hay
scrIpfIof.


Mon hoc: PHP

Bu 2

Bai boc nay cbung ta sc /am qucn oa tm bicu cu pbap oa mot
so pbuong tbuc co ban cua PHP.

Cau /cnb.
Kicu Ju /icu oa bicn
Kbai bao oa su Jung bang.
Du /icu mang
Cbuycn Joi kicu Ju /icu
1. KHA NKM VK C PHAP PHP
Cu phap PHP chnh Ia cu phap frong ngon ngu C, cac ban Iam quon voI ngon ngu C
fh co IoI fho frong Iap frnh PHP.
o Iap frnh bang ngon ngu PHP can chu y nhung dIom sau:
CuoI cau Ionh co dau ;
Ion frong PHP co fIon fo Ia $
MoI phuong fhuc dou baf dau {va dong bang dau }
KhI khaI bao bIon fh khong co kIou du IIou
Non co gIa frj khoI dau cho bIon khaI bao
PhaI co chI chu |commonf) cho moI foafuro moI
Su dung dau // hoac # do gIaI fhch cho moI cau ghI chu
Su dung /` va `/ cho moI doan ghI chu
KhaI bao bIon co phan bIof chu hoa hay fhuong

2. KHA BAO BKN
KhI fhuc hIon khaI bao bIon frong C, ban can phaI bIof fuan fhu quy djnh nhu: kIou
du IIou fruoc fon bIon va co gIa frj khoI dau, fuy nhIon khI Iam vIoc voI PHP fh khong
can khaI bao kIou du IIou nhung su dung fIon fo $ fruoc bIon.
Xuaf phaf fu nhung dIou o fron, khaI bao bIon frong PHP nhu sau:
$varIabIonamo =InIfIaI vaIuo|;

$licount=0;
$lsSQL=Select * from tblusers where active=1;
$nameTypes = array("first", "last", "company");
$checkerror=false;
Chang han, khaI bao nhu v du 2-1 |varIabIos.php)

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>::Welcome to PHP</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<BODY>
<h4>Variable</h4>
<?php
$sotrang=10;
$record=5;
$check = true;
$strSQL="select * from tblCustomers";
$myarr = array("first", "last", "company");
$myarrs[2];
$myarrs[0]="Number 0";
echo $myarr[1];echo "<br>";
echo $myarrs[2];
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3. KK O LK
ang cac kIou du IIou fhong fhuong
Booleun Truo hay faIso
nteger gIa frj Ion nhaf xap xI 2 fy
Flout ~1.8o308 gom 14 so Io
Strng Iuu chuoI ky fu chIou daI vo han
Object KIou doI fuong
Arruy Mang voI nhIou kIou du IIou
3.1. Thuy do keu du leu
o fhay doI kIou du IIou, ban co fho su dung cach op kIou nhu frong cac ngon ngu Iap
frnh C hay Java. Chang han, khaI bao op kIou nhu v du 2-2 |box.php):

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Variable</h4>
<?php
$i="S10A";
echo $i+10;
echo "<br>";
$i="10A";
$j=(float)$i;
$j+=10;
echo $i;
echo "<br>";
echo $j;
echo "<br>";
$q=12;$p=5;
echo "Amount: ".(float)$q/$p;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>


Iuu y rang, PHP fu dong nhan bIof gIa frj chuoI dang sau so so khong duoc chuyon
sang kIou du IIou so nhu fruong hop fron.
NgoaI ra, ban co fho su dung ham soffypo do chuyon doI du IIou nay sag du IIou khac,
v du chung fa khaI bao nhu v du 2-3 |soffypo.php).

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Change DataType of Variable</h4>
<?php
$var="12-ABC";
$check=true;
echo $var;
echo "<br>";
echo $check;
echo "<br>";
settype($var,"integer");
echo $var;
echo "<br>";
settype($check,"string");
echo $check;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3.2. Kem tru keu du leu cuu ben
o kIom fra kIou du IIou cua bIon, ban su dung cac ham nhu sau:
Is_Inf do kIom fra bIon co kIou Infogor, nou bIon co kIou Infogor fh ham so fra vo gIa
frj Ia fruo |1). Tuong fu, ban co fho su dung cac ham kIom fra fuong ung voI kIou du
IIou Ia Is_array, Is_booI, Is_caIIabIo, Is_doubIo, Is_fIoaf, Is_Inf, Is_Infogor, Is_Iong,
Is_nuII, Is_numorIc, Is_objocf, Is_roaI, Is_sfrIng. Chang han, ban khaI bao cac ham nay
nhu v du 2-4 |chock.php).

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Check DataType of Variable</h4>
<?php
$sotrang=10;
$record=5;
$check = true;
$strSQL="select * from tblCustomers";
$myarr = array("first", "last", "company");
$myarrs[2];
echo is_array($myarr);
echo "<br>";
echo is_bool($record);
?>
</BODY>

</HTML>

3.3.
3.4.
Thuy do keu du leu ben
KhI khaI bao bIon va khoI fao gIa frj cho bIon voI kIou du IIou, sau do ban muon su
dung gIa frj cua bIon do fhanh fon bIon va co gIa frj chnh Ia gIa frj cua bIon fruoc do
fh su dung cap dau $$. V du, bIon $var co gIa frj Ia "fofaI", sau do muon su dung bIon
Ia fofaI fh khaI bao nhu v du 2-5 |chango.php).

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Change DataType of Variable</h4>
<?php
$var="total";
echo $var;
echo "<br>";
$$var=10;
echo $total;

?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Keu Arruy
KIou mang Ia mof mang so IIou do nguoI dung djnh nghIa, chung co cu phap nhu
sau:
$myarrs=array|"fIrsf", "Iasf", "company");
// mang bao gom cac kIou chuoI
hay co fho khaI bao nhu sau
$myarr|=array|3);
$myarr0|="Numbor 0";
Thu fu Indox frong mang baf dau fu vj fr 0. Chang han, ban khaI bao mang mof chIou
fhoo haI cach fron nhu v du 2-6 |array.php).

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Array on demenssion</h4>
<?php
$myarr[]=array(3);
$myarr[0]="Number 0";
echo $myarr[0];
echo $myarr[1];

echo $myarr[2];
echo "<br>";
$myarrs=array("first", "last", "company");
echo $myarrs[2];
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Nou nhu ban khaI bao mang haI chIou, fh cu phap khaI bao nhu sau:
$myarrs||=array|2,3);

Chang han khaI bao nhu v du 2-7 |arrays.php):

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Array two demenssions</h4>
<?php
$myarrs[][]=array(2,3);
$myarrs[0][0]="Number 00";
echo $myarrs[0][2];
echo "<br>";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3.5. Keu do tuong
o khaI bao doI fuong, ban su dung khaI nIom cIass nhu frong ngon ngu Iap frnh C
hay java, ngoaI ra phuong fhuc frong PHP duoc bIof don nhu mof ham. Iou nay co
nghIa Ia fu khoa Ia funcfIon.
Nou ham co fon frung voI fon cua cIass fh ham do duoc goI Ia consfrucfor. Chang
han, chung fa khaI bao cIass va khoI fao chung fh fu dong consfrucfor duoc goI moI
khI doI fuong khoI fao, sau do goI ham frong cIass do nhu v du 2-8 |objocf.php).

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Object</h4>
<?php
class clsA
{
function clsA()
{
echo "I am the constructor of A.<br />\n";
}
function B()

{
echo "I am a regular function named B in class A.<br />\n";
echo "I am not a constructor in A.<br />\n";
}
}
// Goi phng thc clsA() nh constructor.
$b = new clsA();
echo "<br>";
// Goi phng thc B().
$b->B();
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3.6. Tum vuc cuu ben
Tam vuc cua bIon phu fhuoc vao noI khaI bao bIon, nou bIon khaI bao bon ngoaI ham
fh so co fam vuc frong frang PHP, frong fruong hop bIon khaI bao frong ham fh chI
co hIou Iuc frong ham do.
V du, chung fa co bIon $a khaI bao bon ngoaI ham nhung khI vao frong ham fh bIon
$ duoc khaI bao IaI, bIon nay cofam vuoc bon frong ham. Tuong fu nhu vay, khI bIon
$I khaI bao frong ham fh chI co fam vuc bon frong ham cho du chung duoc khaI bao
IaI bon ngoaI nhu v du 2-9 |scopo.php).

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Scope of Variable</h4>
<?php
$a = 100;
/* global scope */
function Test()
{
$i=10;
$a=10;
echo "<br>a:=$a";
echo "<br>i:=$i";
/* reference to local scope variable */
}
Test();
echo "<br>a:=$a";
$i=1000;
echo "<br>i:=$i";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

NgoaI ra, do su dung bIon foan cuc frong ham, ban su dung fu khoa gIobaI, khI do bIon
foan cuc so co hIou Iuc bon frong ham. V du khaI bao bIon $a bon ngoaI ham, sau do
bon frong ham Tosf ban su dung fu khoa gIobaI cho bIon $a, khI do bIon $a so duoc su
dung va gIa frj do co hIou Iuc sau khI ra khoI ham chu khong gong nhu fruong hop
frong v du scopo.php nhu v du 2-10 |gIobaI.php).

<HTML>
<HEAD>

</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Scope of Variable</h4>
<?php
$a = 100;
/* global scope */
function Test()
{
global $a;
$i=10;
$a+=10;
echo "<br>a:=$a";
echo "<br>i:=$i";
/* reference to local scope variable */
}
Test();
echo "<br>a:=$a";
$i=1000;
echo "<br>i:=$i";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

4. HANG TRONG PHP
4.1.
4.2.
Khu buo vu su dung hung
Hang Ia gIa frj khong fhay doI ko fu sau khI khaI bao, ban co fho su dung phaf bIou
ofIno do khaI bao hang nhu sau:

define("MAXSIZE", 100);

o su dung hang, ban khaI bao nhu v du 2-11 |consfanf.php)

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Constant</h4>
<?php
define("pi",3.14);
function Test()
{
echo "<br>pi:=".pi;
echo "<br>pi:=".constant("pi");
}
Test();
echo "<br>pi:=".pi;
echo "<br>pi:=".constant("pi");
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Kem tru hung
KhI su dung hang, ma hang chua fon faI fh ban su dung ham dofInod nhu v du 2-
12 sau |dofaInod.php):

<HTML>

<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Constant</h4>
<?php
define("pi",3.14);
//define("hrs",8);
function Test()
{
if(defined("pi"))
echo "<br>pi:=".pi;
else
echo "<br>pi not defined";
if(defined("hrs"))
echo "<br>hrs:=".hrs;
else
echo "<br>hrs not defined";
}
Test();
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

5. KKT LAN
Trong baI nay, chung fa fm hIou cach khaI bao hang, bIon va su dung hang bIon. NgoaI
ra, ban cung fm hIou cach chuyon doI kIou du IIou, kIom fra kIou du IIou, fam vuoc cua
bIon.
Bai 3
PHKP TOAN VA PHAT BK CO OK KKN
TRONG PHP

Cbuong nay cbung ta sc /am qucn oa tm bicu toan tu, pbat bicu
co Jicu kicn oa oong /ap cua PHP.

Nbung oan Jc cbinb sc Juoc Jc cap trong bai boc nay
Toan tu.
Pbcp gan trong PHP
Pbat bicu co Jicu kbicn.
Vong /ap.

1. KHA NKM VK CAC TOAN T TRONG PHP
KhI ban Iap frnh fron PHP Ia su dung cu phap cua ngon ngu C, C++.
Tuong fu nhu nhung ngon ngu Iap frnh khac, foan fu gIup cho ban fhuc hIon
nhung phop foan nhu so hoc hay fron chuoI.
ang sau day gIup cho ban hnh dung duoc nhung foan fu su dung frong
PHP, PHP djnh nghIa foa fu foan hoc, quan ho, so hoc, bIf va nof so phop foan
gan.

IoaI foan fu Toan fu Ion gIaI V du
ArIfhmofIc
+
-
*
/
%
AddIfIon
SubfracfIon
MuIfIpIIcafIon
IvIsIon
ModuIus
a + b
a - b
a * b
a / b
a %b
RoIafIonaI
>
<
>=
<=
! =
==
Croafor fhan
Ioss fhan
Croafor fhan or oquaI
Ioss fhan or oquaI
Nof oquaI
quaI
a > b
a < b
a >= b
a <= b
a ! = b
a == b
IogIcaI
!
&&
| |
Nof
AN
OR
! a
a && b
a | | b
huukhungyuhoo.com 3-1
AssIgnmonf

=
++
--
+=
-=
`=
/=
%=
1=
&=
^=
.=

Incromonf and assIgn
ocromonf and assIgn
Add and assIgn
Subfracf and assIgn
MuIfIpIy and assIgn
IvIdo and assIgn
Tako moduIus and assIgn
OR and assIgn
AN and assIgn
XOR and assIgn
Concaf and assIgn

a = b
a++
a- -
a += b
a - = b
a *= b
a / = b
a %= b
a | = b
a &= b
a ^= b
a . = b
AIIocafIon
new
Croafo a nov objocf of a
cIass
new A( )
SoIocfIon
? :
If...Thon soIocfIon
a ? b : c

2. GO THK TOAN T
KhI noI don foan fu, chung fa Iuon IIon fuong don fhu fu xu Iy, cung nhu
frong foan hoc, foan fu frong PHP cung co do uu fIon add-subfracf-muIfI-dIvIdo.
2.1. Toun tu ANO
KhI fhuc hIon mof vIoc fang Ion gIa frj fh ban su dung cu phap nhu sau:
$ I=0;$j=0;
j=I++;// I fang sau khI gan I vao j, chnh v vay sau khI gan I vao j, j van
khong fhay doI
j=++I;// I fang fruoc khI gan I vao j, chnh v vay sau khI gan I vao j, j fhay
doI.

VI du 3.1: Phep toun ANO.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>AND Operator</h4>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=5;
$j+=$i++;
echo "j=$j";
echo "<br>";
echo "i=$i";
echo "<br>";
$j+=++$i;
echo "j=$j";echo "<br>";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2.2. Toun tu Not: ~ And !
Toan fu ~ dao nghjch faf ca cac bIf cua fham so, con foan fu ! dao nghjch
gIa frj cua gIa frj fruoc do. Chang han frong fruong hop nay chung fa su dung
cho bIou fhuc hay bIon co gIa frj booIoan.
VI du 3.2: Phep toun ~ und !

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>~, ! Operator</h4>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=5;
$j+=~$i;
echo "j=$j";
echo "<br>";
$j+=~$i++;
echo "i=$i";
echo "<br>";
$j+=++$i;
echo "j=$j";
echo "<br>";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

2.3. Toun tu nhun vu chu: * und /
an co fho fham khao v du sau
VI du 3.3: Phep toun * vu /, + vu -

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Multi And Divide Operator</h4>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=5;
echo $i/$j;
echo "<br>";
echo $i*$j;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

2.4. Toun tu modulus: %
KhI chIa mof so cho mof so, ban can kof qua Ia so du cua phop chIa do fh
dung foan fu moduIus
VI du 3.4: Phep toun %

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Mod Operator</h4>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=7;
echo $i%$j;
echo "<br>";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

2.5. Toun tu quun he: >=,>,<,<=,==,!=
KhI can so sanh kof qua gIua haI foan han voI nhau, fhong fhuong ban nghI
don phop foan so sanh nhu Ia bang, Ion hon, nho hon, v du sau dIon gIaI cho
ban cac foan fu fron:
VI du 3.5: Phep toun >,>=,<,<=,==,!=

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Comparation Operators</h4>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=9;
echo $i<$j;
echo "<br>";
echo $i!=$j;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

2.6. Toun tu && vu 11
&& Ia foa fu and frong so hoc, 11 Ia foan fu or frong so hoc. HaI foan fu
nay raf fhuong dung frong khI Iap frnh fron PHP, v du duoI day dIon gIaI cho
ban day du haI foan fu nay. Chu y rang khI su dung foan fu dou co kom phaf
bIou co dIou kIon.
VI du 3.6: Phep toun && vu 11

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Logic Operators</h4>
<?php
$b=true;
$j=3;
if (($j>=3) && ($b!=true))
{
echo "result is true";
}
if(($j<3) || ($b==true))
echo "result is false";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

2.7. Toun tu ?:
Toan fu nay fhay fho cho phaf bIou co dIou kIon If...oIso, khI ban can Iay
kof qua fhoo dIou kIon nao do, nou co fho khong can phaf bIou If-oIso, fh hay
fhay fho bang foan fu 7:, cu phap cua chung nhu sau:
sfr1=sfr2.oquaIs|khang)7WoIcomo fo PHP:Cood byo PHP;

VI du 3.?: Phep toun ?:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Selection Operators</h4>
<?php
$str1="Pham Huu Khang";
$str2 ="Khang";
$str1=(str1==str2)?"Welcome to PHP":"Good bye PHP";
echo "result is ".$str1;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3. PHKP GAN
KhI gan mof gIa frj hay bIon vao mof bIon frong PHP, ban phaI dung don
phop gan, nhung frong PHP cung gIong nhu frong C fh co nhung phop gan duoc
don gIan hoa hay noI dung hon Ia chuan hoa do ruf gon IaI frong khI vIof.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
4.
Phep gun thong thuong nhut nhu suu:
$j=I;
$sfr1 = HoIIo!;
$b=fruo;
Phep gun them mot gu tr{ lu 1
$k=0;
$k++;
Phep gun chuo
$sfrX="HoIIo";
$sfrX.= vorId;
$sfrX.=ACc.$x;
Phep gun them mot vo chInh no gu tr{
$k=0;$j=1;
$k+=$j;
fuong fu nhu vay chung fa co $k`=2, nghIa Ia $k=$k`2
PHAT BK CO OK KKN
Cac phaf bIou co dIou kIon nhu :
II |dIou kIon) {cau Ionh; }
II |dIou kIon) {cau Ionh; }ELSE {cau Ionh; }
II |dIou kIon) {cau Ionh; }ELSEIF {cau Ionh; }
svIfch |dIou kIon)
{
caso VaIuo1
cau Ionh1;
broak;
}
WhIIo |dIou kIon)
o - WhIIo |dIou kIon)
roak
ConfInuo

4.1. Phut beu F (deu ken) { cuu lenh, }
Su dung phaf bIou If do chon Ioc kof qua khI dIou kIon dung, v du nhu sau:
VI du 3.8: Phut beu F

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>IF Statement</h4>
<?php
$b=true;
$j=3;
if(($j>=3) &&($b!=true))
if(($j<3) ||($b==true))
echo "result is false";

?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

4.2. Phut beu F (deu ken) { cuu lenh, }ELSE { cuu lenh, }
Su dung phaf bIou If do chon Ioc kof qua khI dIou kIon dung, va xuaf ra kof
qua khI dIou kIon saI, v du nhu sau:
VI du 3.9: Phut beu F - KLSK

<HTML>
<HEAD>
huukhungyuhoo.com 3-?
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>IF ELSE Statement</h4>
<?php
$b=true;
$j=3;
if ($j>3)
else
{
$j++;
echo "result is $j";
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.3.
4.4.
Phut beu KLSKF
Phaf bIou oIsoIf Ia phan cua phaf bIou If oIso nhIou nhanh, khI co nhIou
dIou kIon chon Iua fh ban su dung oIsoIf, cu phap cua chung nhu sau:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>ELSEIF Statement</h4>
<?php
$b=true;
$j=3;
if ($j>3)
elseif ($j=0)
{
$j++;
echo "result is $j";
}
else
{
$j--;
echo "result is ". $j--;
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Phut beu Swtch (deu ken)
Phaf bIou svIfch Ia phan cua phaf bIou oIsoIf nhIou nhanh, khI co nhIou
dIou kIon chon Iua fh ban su dung svIfch, cu phap cua chung nhu sau:
SvIfch|dIou kIon)
{
caso VaIuo1
cau Ionh1;
broak;
caso VaIuo2
cau Ionh2;
broak;

dofauIf:
cau Ionh dofauIf;
}
roak: dung do fhoaf ra khoI svIfch khI fhoa mof caso nao do frong svIfch,
dofauIf: khI khong co baf ky gIa frj nao fhoan frong cac caso fh gIa frj cuoI cung
Ia dofauIo sfafomonf
VI du 3.10: Phut beu Swtch

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>SWITCH Statement</h4>
<?php
$j=3;
$j=date("w");
$str="";
switch($j)
{
case 0:
$str="Today is Sunday";
break;
case 1:
$str="Today is Monday";
break;
case 2:
$str="Today is Tueday";
break;
case 3:
$str="Today is Wednesday";
break;
case 4:
$str="Today is Thursday";
break;
case 5:
$str="Today is Friday";
break;
case 6:
$str="Today is Saturday";
break;
default:
$str="Today is Sunday";
break;
}
echo $str;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

4.5. Phut beu Whle(deu ken)
Phaf bIou vhIIo fhuc fhI nhung cau Ionh frong vhIIo khI dIou kIon co gIa frj
fruo.
VI du 3.11: Phut beu Whle

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>While Statement</h4>
<?php
$j=10;
while($j>0)
{
echo $j."<br>";
$j--;
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

4.6. Phut beu For
Phaf bIou for dung cho vong Iap co gIoI han cho fruoc, cu phap co dang nhu
sau:

VI du 3.12: Phut beu For

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>FOR Statement</h4>
<?php
for($j=1;$j<=10;$j++)
{
echo $j."<br>";
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

4.7. Phut beu do whle
Phaf bIou do vhIIo cho phop duyof va kIom fra dIou kIon sau phaf bIou fhu
nhaf, dIou nay co nghIa Ia f nhaf mof phaf bIou duoc fhuc hIon.
VI du 3.13: Phut beu Oo Whle

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Do While Statement</h4>
<?php
$j=10;
do
{
echo $j."<br>";
$j--;
}while($j>0)
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Phaf bIou oxIf cho phop fhoaf ra khoI phaf bIou dIou kIon khI fhoa dIou
kIon nao do.
VI du 3.14: Phut beu ext

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Exit Statement</h4>
<?php
$j=10;
do
{
if($j==3) exit;
echo $j."<br>";
$j--;
}while($j>0)
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

TOM TAT 5.
Trong baI hoc nay chung foI gIoI fhIou don cho cac ban cac phop gan, cac foan
fu, dong fhoI gIup cho cac ban hIou fhom vao cac phaf bIou co dIou kIon nhu
vhIIo, for, svIfch, .

Mon hoc: PHP

Bu 4

Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen vi bien form va hai phng
thc $HTTP_POST_VARS va $HTTP_GET_VARS cua PHP:

Bien form.
Phng thc $HTTP_GET_VARS
Phng thc $HTTP_POST_VARS

BKN FORM
Ion form frong PHP duoc bIof don nhu mof IoaI bIon, fhay v khaI bao fh bIon do
chnh Ia fon cua fho nhap IIou frong frang submIf hay fham so fron quorysfrIng.
1.
1.1. Ben Iorm tu Iorm duoc submt vo phuong thuc POST
Trong frang ban submIf don, nou khaI bao fon cua fho nam frong fho form co fon Ia
xyz fh bIon form duoc djnh nghIa Ia $xyz.
Chang han, ban khaI bao bao fho form frong frang submIf.php nhu v du 4-1.
VI du 4-1: Khu buo the Iorm

...
<form action=ex1-1.php method=post>
<tr>
<td>Name</td><td>:<input type=text name=fullname></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Gender</td>
<td>:<input type=radio value=M name=gender> Male
<input type=radio value=F name=gender> Female</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp</td>
<td><input type=submit value=Submit></td>
</tr>
</form>
...

KhI nguoI su dung nhap gIa frj vao phan Namo va chon gIoI fnh MaIo hay IomaIo
nhu hnh 4-1, nou nhan nuf submIf fh frang ox1-1.php so frIou goI, frong frang nay
ban co fho Iay gIa frj nhap fu frang ox1.php bang cach su dung bIon form nhu v du
4-1-1.
VI du 4-2: Oung ben Iorm

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Form variable</h4>
<table>
<tr><td>Name</td>
<td>
:<?=$fullname?>

</td></tr>
<tr><td>Gender</td>
<td>
:<?=$gender?>
</td></tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Trong do, $fuIInamo va $gondor Ia fon cua haI fho Inpuf frong frang ox1.php, frong
fruong hop nay chung fa su dung phuong fhuc POST cho form.

Hnh 4-1: Nhap IIou

Kof qua fra vo nhu hnh 4-1-1.

Hnh 4-1-1: Kof qua Iay fu frang submIf bang bIon form

1.2. Ben Iorm tu Iorm duoc submt vo phuong thuc GKT
Nou ban su dung phuong fhuc CT frong fho form, ban co fho Iay gIa frj cua cac
fham so fron chuoI QuorySfrIng bang bIon form. V du khaI bao fho form co haI fuy
chon nhu v du 4-2 voI phuong fhuc CT frong fho form.
VI du 4-2: Khu buo the Iorm

...
<form action=ex2-1.php method=get>
<tr><td>Province</td>
<td>
:<select name=province>
<option value=HAN>Ha Noi</option>
<option value=HCM>Ho Chi Minh</option>
<option value=HUE>Hue</option>
</select>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>Industry</td>
<td>
:<select name=industry multiple>
<option value=AUT>Automobile</option>
<option value=FOO>Foods</option>
<option value=ENG>Enginering</option>
<option value=GAR>Garment</option>
</select>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp</td>
<td><input type=submit value=Submit></td></tr>
</form>
...

KhI frIou goI frang ox2.php fron frnh duyof, nguoI su dung chon gIa frj frong haI
fuy chon ProvInco va Indusfry nhu hnh 4-2.

Hnh 4-2: Phuong fhuc CT

Nou nhan SubmIf fh haI gIa frj chon so duoc fruyon Ion fron QuorySfrIng voI haI
fham so Ia fon cua fho soIocf. V du frong fruong hop nay kof qua fra vo nhu hnh 4-
2-1.

Hnh 4-2-1: Ion form voI phuong fhuc CT
Trong do, haI fham so va gIa frj fuong ung Ia ox2-
1.php7provInco=HAN&Indusfry=IOO, bang cach su dung bIon form ban co fho Iay
duoc gIa frj nay nhu v du 4-2-1.
VI du 4-2-1: Khu buo the Iorm

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table>
<tr><td>Province</td>
<td>
:<?=$province?>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>Industry</td>
<td>
:<?=$industry?>
</td></tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>

oI voI fruong hop ban khong su dung fho form nhu haI fruong hop fron, chung fa
cung co fho Iay gIa frj fu chuoI QuorySfrIng bang bIon form. Chang han, ban khaI
bao frang chop phop nguoI su dung chon ky fu do IIof ko danh sach khach hang fhoo
ky fu do nhu hnh 4-3.

Hnh 4-3: Chon ky fu
ang cach khaI bao cac fho <a> ban djnh nghIa 24 ky fu nhu hnh fron voI fham so
aI co gIa frj fuong ung:

<tr><td>
<a href="ex3.php?al=A">A</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=B">B</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=C">C</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=D">D</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=E">E</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=">All</a>
</td></tr>

KhI nguoI su dung chon mof ky fu fh su dung bIon form Ia fon cua fham so |aI), ban
co fho Iay duoc gIa frj cua ky fu dang chon:

<tr><td>Select:<?=$al?></td></tr>

Tuy nhIon, Ian dau fIon frIou goI frang nay ma khong co fham so fron QuorySfrIng,
khaI bao bIon form so phun ra IoI nhu hnh 4-3-1.
o franh fruong hop nay, ban su dung ham Issof do kIom fra bIon fon faI hay
khong, nou fon faI fh ban su dung bIon form nay. V du doI voI fruong hop nay
chung fa khaI bao nhu v du 4-3.
VI du 4-3: Su dung ben Iorm

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table>
<tr><td>List by Alphabet</td></tr>
<tr><td>

</td></tr>
<?php
if(isset($al))
{
?>
<tr><td>Select:<?=$al?></td></tr>
<?php
}
?>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Hnh 4-3-1: IoI phaf sInh
Chu y rang, khI su dung bIon form ban khong non khaI bao bIon cung fon voI cac
fham so hay fon cua fho nhap IIou frong frang frIou goI fruoc do. Nou khong fh gIa
frj fra vo Ia gIa frj cua bIon fhuong fhay v bIon form.
2. PHONG THC $HTTP_GKT_VARS
NgoaI cach su dung bIon form frong fruong hop Iay gIa frj fu fham so cua QuorySfrIng,
ban co fho su dung ham $HTTP_CT_VARS. V du, chung fa khaI bao frang PHP nhu
v du 4-4.
VI du 4-4: Su dung $HTTP_GKT_VARS

<HTML>

<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table>
<form action=ex4.php method=get>
<tr><td>Province:<select name=province>
<option value=HAN>Ha Noi</option>
<option value=HCM>Ho Chi Minh</option>
<option value=HUE>Hue</option>
</select>
<input type=submit value=Submit></td></tr>
</form>
<tr><td>
<?php
if(isset($HTTP_GET_VARS["province"]))
{
$result=$HTTP_GET_VARS["province"];
echo "Result: ".$result;
}
?>
</td></tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Iuu y rang, nou ban khong su dung ham Issof do kIom fra provInco fon faI hay khong
fh frang php so phun IoI frong fruong hop Ian dau fIon goI don frang ox4.php ma
khong submIf. Tuy nhIon, nou ban submIf frang nay fh kof qua fra vo nhu hnh 4-4.

Hnh 4-4: ung $HTTP_CT_VARS
Tuong fu nhu vay frong fruong hop ban khong su dung fho form ma gIa frj Iay fu chuoI
QuorySfrIng bang cach su dung $HTTP_CT_VARS nhu v du 4-5.
VI du 4-5: Su dung $HTTP_GKT_VARS

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>

<BODY>
<table>
<tr><td>List by Alphabet</td></tr>
<tr><td>
</td></tr>
<?php
if(isset($HTTP_GET_VARS["al"]))
{
?>
<tr><td>Select:<?=$HTTP_GET_VARS["al"]?></td></tr>
<?php
}
?>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Kof qua fra vo nhu hnh 4-5.

Hnh 4-5: Su dung $HTTP_CT_VARS
3. PHONG THC $HTTP_POST_VARS
Tuong fu nhu $HTTP_CT_VARS nhung $HTTP_POST_VARS cho phop ban Iay gIa frj
Iay fu cac fho nhap IIou cua fho form frong fraang submIf fruoc do. V du, ban khaI bao
frang nhap IIou nhu v du 4-6.
VI du 4-5: Khu buo Iorm vo phuong thuc POST

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>

<BODY>
<form action=ex7.php method=post>
<table>
<tr><td>User Name</td>
<td>
:<input type=text name=username>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>Password</td>
<td>
:<input type=password name=password>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp</td>
<td><input type=submit value=Login></td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</BODY>
</HTML>

KhI nguoI su dung nhap usornamo va passvord nhu hnh 4-6 va nhan nuf IogIn.

Hnh 4-6: ang nhap
ang cach su dung $HTTP_POST_VARS do Iay gIa frj usornamo va passvord nhu v du
4-7.
VI du 4-5: Su dung $HTTP_POST_VARS

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<?php
if(isset($HTTP_POST_VARS["username"]))
{
?>

<table>
<tr><td>Username</td>
<td>:<?=$HTTP_POST_VARS["username"]?></td></tr>
<tr><td>Password</td><td>
:<?=$HTTP_POST_VARS["password"]?></td></tr>
</table>
<?php
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Kof qua frnh bay nhu hnh 4-7.

Hnh 4-7: ung $HTTP_POST_VARS
4. KKT LAN
Trong baI nay, chung fa fm hIou cach su dung bIon form va haI phuong fhuc
$HTTP_POST_VARS, $HTTP_CT_VARS. NgoaI ra, ban cung fm hIou cach kIom fra
bIon fon faI hay khong bang ham Issof|).
Chu y rang, khI su dung bIon form ban franh fruong hop khaI bao bIon cuc bo hay foan
cuc frong fang PHP cung fon voI fho nhap IIou cua form fruoc do submIf don hay fham
so fron quorysfrIng.


Mon hoc: PHP

Bu 5

Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen vi oi tng Session va mot
so oi tng khac:

oi tng Session.
oi tng khac

OO TONG SKSSON
Trong PHP4.0 doI fuong SossIon duoc xom nhu mof doI fuong cho phop ban fruyon gIa
frj fu frang PHP nay sang PHP khac. o su dung SossIon, ban khaI bao fhu muc duoc
Iuu fru du IIou do doI fuong nay ghI ra.
SossIon duoc sInh ra va duoc bIon maf khI nguoI su dung huy chung, fhoI gIan song cua
chung da hof hoac nguoI su dung dong frnh duyof.
Chang han, frong fruong hop nay chung fa su dung fhu muc C:`PHP`sossIondafa duoc
khaI bao frong fap fIn php.InI.
1.

session.save_path = C:\PHP\sessiondata

NgoaI ra, khI muon su dung SossoIn fh ban phaI khoI fao chung. o khoI fao SossIon
ban co fho khoI fao frong frang PHP moI khI fruy cap hay gan gIa frj cho SossIon.

session_start();

Tuy nhIon, ban co fho cau hnh frong frang php.InI |1 Ia sfarf).

session.auto_start = 0

1.1. Nhun dung Sesson
MoI phIon Iam vIoc duoc fao ra fu Wob Sorvor fh so co mof nhan dang duy nhaf co
gIa frj Ia chuoI do frnh chu Wob fao ra. Iou nay co nghIa Ia moI khI nguoI su dung
frIou goI frang Wob cua Wob SIfo Ian dau fIon fh phIon Iam vIoc so duoc fao ra, khI
do mof nhan dang duoc cap cho phIon Iam vIoc do.
o Ian gIa frj nhan dang cua SossIon do frnh chu Wob cap phaf ban su dung cu
phap:

$x= session_id();

Chang han, ban khaI bao bao do Iay gIa frj sossIon_Id frong frang sossIonId.php nhu
v du 5-1.
VI du 5-1: Nhun dung sesson

<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>

<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Session_ID</h4>
<?php
$sessionid=session_id();
echo $sessionid;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

MoI nguoI su dung fruy cap don Wob SIfo so co mof nhan dang khac nhu nhu hnh 5-
1.

Hnh 5-1: Nhan dang duy nhaf
1.2. Khu buo Sesson
KhI muon khaI bao bIon sossIon, ban phaI su dung ham sossIon_rogIsfor co cu phap
nhu sau:

session_register("sessioname");

KhI muon khoI fao sossIon, ban co fho gan gIa frj cho sossIon nay nhu gan gIa frj
cho bIon frong PHP, sau do su dung ham fron do dang ky.

$sessioname=value;
session_register("sessioname");

Trong fruong hop co nhIou sossIon, ban co fho su dung ham sossIon_rogIsfor do dang
ky cung mof Iuc nhIou sossIon nhu sau:

$sessioname1=value1;

session_register("sessioname1","sessioname2","sessioname3");

Chang han, frong fruong hop nay chung fa khaI bao frang sossIonrogIsfor.php va
dang ky 3 sossoIn co fon usorId, omaII va fuIInamo nhu v du 5-2 sau:
VI du 5-2: Oung ky sesson

<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Registered Session</h4>
<?php
$userid="123";
$email="test@yahoo.com";
$fullname="Nguyen Van Ba";
session_register("userid");
session_register("email","fullname");
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>


Hnh 5-2: ang ky SossIon
1.3. Luy gu tr{ tu sesson
Sau khI khaI bao khoI ao mof so sossIon voI gIa frj fuong ung cua sossIon do, ban co
fho fruy cap cac bIon sossIon nay do Iay gIa frj forng frang PHP khac. Chang han,
chung fa khaI bao frang gofsossIon.php do Iay cac sossIon cua PHP vua khaI bao
frong v du fron nhu v du 5-3.
VI du 5-3: Luy gu tr{ tu sesson

<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Get Session</h4>
<?php
echo "UserID: ". $userid."<br>";
echo "Email: ".$email."<br>";
echo "FullName: ".$fullname;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

KhI frIou goI frang gofsossIon.php fron frnh duyof ban frnh bay gIa frj cua sossIon
usorId, omaII va fuIInamo nhu hnh 5-3.

Hnh 5-3: Iay gIa frj cua sossIon
Tuy nhIon, frong fruong hop ban fruy cap mof bIon sossIon chua khoI fao fruoc do
fh I64I so phaf sInh. V du frong fruong hop nay chung fa fruy cap bIon sossIon co
fon $addross nhu v du 5-4.
VI du 5-4: Truy cup sesson chuu ton tu

<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<?php
echo "Address: ".$address;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

KhI frIou goI frang unrogIsforsossIon.php fron frnh duyof fh IoI phaf sInh nhu hnh
5-4.

Hnh 5-4: IoI phaf sInh
o kIom fra sossIon do co fon faI hay chua ban su dung ham sossIon_Is_rogIsfor
frong frang chocksossIon.php. oI voI fruong hop nay chung fa can kIom fra 4
sossIon fruoc khI fruy cap don chung nhu v du 5-5.
VI du 5-5: Kem tru sesson

<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<?php
if(session_is_registered("userid"))
if(session_is_registered("email"))
if(session_is_registered("fullname"))
if(session_is_registered("address"))
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

KhI frIou goI frang chocksossIon.php fh kof qua so frnh bay nhu hnh 5-5.

Hnh 5-5: Khong co IoI phaf sInh
Chu y rang, khI su dung don sossIon, ban phaI khoI dong chung bang sossIon_sfarf|)
nou khong fh phaI khaI bao frong php.InI.
1.4. Huy sesson
KhI khong co nhu cau su dung sossIon nua fh ban su dung ham sossIon_unrogIsfor
do IoaI sossIon do. Chang han, frong fruong hop nay chung fa muon IoaI bo sossIon
co fon Ia fuIInamo ban khaI bao frong frang sossIonunrogIsfor.php nhu v du 5-6.
VI du 5-6: Lou bo mot Sesson

<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<h4>UnRegister Session</h4>
<?php
session_unregister("fullname");
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

KhI frIou goI frang sossIonunrogIsfor.php fron frnh duyof fhkof qua fra vo nhu hnh 5-
6.

Hnh 5-6: IoaI bo sossIon
Trong fruong hop IoaI bo faf cac sossIon dang fon faI fh su dung ham sossIon_unsof|).
V du dung ham nay do IaoI bo sossIon va dung ham sossIn_dosfroy do huy faf ca
sossIon do khaI bao frong frang unsof.php nhu v du 5-7.
VI du 5-?: Xou tut cu sesson

<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>UnSet Session</h4>
<?php
session_unset();
session_destroy();

?>
</BODY>
</HTML>


Hnh 5-7: Huy sossIon
2. COOKK
CookIo duoc xom nhu sossIon, fuy nhIon chung Iuu fru fhong fIn fron frnh khach. o
su dung CookIo, ban su dung ham sofcookIo do gan gIa frj nhu v du 5-8.
VI du 5-8: Gun gu tr{ cho cooke

<?php
setcookie("huukhang","Computer Learning Center");
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Cookie</h4>
</BODY>
</HTML>

KhI nguoI su dung frIou goI frang sofcookIo.php kof qua fra vo nhu hnh 5-8.


Hnh 5-8: ang ky cookIo
NgaI ra, ban co fho gan gIa frj cookIo bang sossIon. Chang han, chung fa su dung ham
sossIon_sof_cookIo_params do gan cookIo nhu v du 5-9.
VI du 5-9: Gun cooke bung sesson

<?php
session_start();
$myvalue="Online Recruitment";
session_set_cookie_params($myvalue);
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Session-Cookie</h4>
</BODY>
</HTML>

ang cach su dung $HTTP_COOKI_VARS do Iay gIa frj cua cookIo fruoc do frong
frang hffpcookIovar.php nhu v du 5-10.
VI du 5-10: Su dung $HTTP_COOKK_VARS

<?php
echo $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS["huukhang"];
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Get Cookie</h4>
</BODY>
</HTML>



Hnh 5-10: ung $HTTP_COOKI_VARS
ang cach su dung ham sossIon_gof_cookIo_params do Iay gIa frj cua cookIo fruoc do
frong frang sossIongofcookIo.php nhu v du 5-11.
VI du 5-11: Su dung sesson_get_cooke_purums

<?php
session_start();
$myvalue= session_get_cookie_params();
echo $myvalue[1];
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Get Cookie</h4>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3. KKT LAN
Trong baI nay, chung fa fm hIou cach su dung bIon sossIon va cookIo.


Mon hoc: PHP

Bu 6

Bai boc nay cbung ta sc /am qucn cacb kbai bao bam, cbcn tap
tin oa tap tin Jung cbung.

Cacb kbai bao bam.
Xay Jung tap tin Jjnb Jang noi Jung
Tap tin Jung cbung

KHA BAO HAM TRONG PHP
Ham do nguoI su dung djnh nghIa cho phop ban xu Iy nhung fac vu fhuong Iap dI Iap
IaI frong ung dung.
o khaI bao ham, ban su dung fu khoa funcfIon voI cu phap fuong fu nhu sau:
1.

1oDticD 1oDticD.-(:r.-t-r}

r-torD o-;
}

Trong fruong hop ham khong co gIa frj fra vo fh ham duoc xom nhu fhu fuc. NgoaI ra,
ban co fho khaI bao fham so fuy chon bang cach gan gIa frj mac djnh cho fham so. V
du chung fa khaI bao:

1oDticD 1oDticD.-(:r.-t-r, :r.-t-r2D }

r-torD o-;
}

oI voI fruong hop nay fh fham so $paramofor1 Ia fham so baf buoc va fham so
$paramofor2 Ia fham so fuy chon, khI goI ham nou khong cung cap fham so cho
$paramofor2 fh fham so nay co gIa frj Ia 10.
V du, ban khaI bao frang funcfIon.php co ham gofRosuIf nhan haI so va phop foan sau
do fuy fhuoc vao phop foan ham fra vo kof qua. Nou nguoI su dung khong cung vap
phop foan fh mac djnh Ia phop foan +.

<IT\L>
<IFAL>
<IFAL>
<FOLY>
<D4>FoDticD<D4>
<.D
1oDticD -tF-:ot(:Do.r-r, :Do.r-r2,:c-rtcr`+`}

:r-:otD;
:witD(:c-rtcr}

:- `+`:
:r-:ot:Do.r-r+:Do.r-r2;
rr-;
:- ``:

:r-:ot:Do.r-r:Do.r-r2;
rr-;
:- `*`:
:r-:ot:Do.r-r*:Do.r-r2;
rr-;
:- ``:
i1(:Do.r-r2.D}
-:-
:r-:otD;
rr-;
:- ``:
i1(:Do.r-r2.D}
-:-
:r-:otD;
rr-;
}
r-torD :r-:ot;
}
-Dc `r-:ot c1 c-1ot c-rtcr: `.-tF-:ot(D,2D};
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc `r-:ot c1 * c-rtcr: `.-tF-:ot(D,2D,`*`};
.>
<FOLY>
<IT\L>

Nou muon djnh nghIa funcfIon khong co gIa frj fra vo, ban co fho khaI bao frong frang
voId.php nhu v du sau:

...
1oDticD c-rtcr(}

-Dc `r-:ot c1 c-1ot c-rtcr: `.-tF-:ot(D,2D};
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc `r-:ot c1 * c-rtcr: `.-tF-:ot(D,2D,`*`};
}
c-rtcr(};
.>
<FOLY>
<IT\L>

Trong fruong hop fruyon fham so nhu fham bIon, ban su dung ky hIou & fruoc fham so,
chang han chung fa khaI bao ham co fham bIon co fon avorago nhu frong frang
roforonco.php nhu sau:

<IT\L>
<IFAL>
<IFAL>
<FOLY>
<D4>FoDticD<D4>
<.D
1oDticD -tA.coDt(:_oDtity, :ri-,:-r-}

:r-:otD;
:r-:ot:_oDtity*:ri-;
:-r-:r-:ot*t2;
r-torD :r-:ot;
}
:r_D;
-Dc `r-:ot i: : `.-tA.coDt(D,2D,:r_};
-Dc `<rr>`;

-Dc `r-:ot c1 A-r- i: : `.:r_;
-Dc `<rr>`;
1oDticD -tA.coDt:(:_oDtity, :ri-,:-r-}

:r-:otD;
:r-:ot:_oDtity*:ri-;
:-r-:r-:ot*t2;
r-torD :r-:ot;
}
:r_D;
-Dc `r-:ot i: : `.-tA.coDt:(D,2D,:r_};
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc `r-:ot c1 A-r- i: : `.:r_;
.>
<FOLY>
<IT\L>

Trong fruong hop fron fh ham gofAmounf co fham so $avorago Ia fham bIon con ham
gofAmounfs co fham so $avorago Ia fham frj, va kof qua fra vo cua bIon $bq khI goI
ham gofAmounf Ia 100 frong khI do gIa frj cua bIon nay frong ham gofAmounfs Ia 0.
2. XAY ONG TAP TN O|NH OANG NO ONG
KhI frnh bay noI dung fron frang HTML hay frang PHP, do fhong nhaf djnh dang
chuoI frong fho boJy hay fho Jio chang han ban can khaI bao fho sty/c frong fho
<bcaJ>.

<:ty->
A
COLOF: =DDDt;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
A:Dc-r
COLOF: =DDDt;
TFXTLFCOFATON: oDc-riD-
}
A:iD
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
COLOF: r-c;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
A:i:it-c
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
COLOF: r;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
.tit-
FONT'FCIT: Dcr.;
FONT:7F: 22
}
.t-t
FONT: Ari, I--ti, :D::-ri1
}
<:ty->

Trong do, A fuong ung voI IIon kof |chuoI frong fho <a>) co djnh dang ung voI fruong
hop IIon kof, dI chuyon con chuof, chon IIon kof.

A
COLOF: =DDDt;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
A:Dc-r

COLOF: =DDDt;
}
A:iD
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
COLOF: r-c;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
A:i:it-c
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
COLOF: r;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}

Chang han, chung fa khaI bao frang PHP voI noI dung duoc ap dung voI kIou djnh dang
khaI bao frong fho sty/c nhu vu du 6-1.
VI du 6-1: Khu buo the style

<c - cDt-DtTy-`t-tDt.; Dr:-tLTF` >
<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->:ty- trcD JIJ<tit->
<:ty->
A
COLOF: =DDDt;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
A:Dc-r
COLOF: =DDDt;
}
A:iD
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
COLOF: r-c;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
A:i:it-c
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
COLOF: r;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
.tit-
FONT'FCIT: Dcr.;
FONT:7F: 22;
COLOF: =DDDt;
}
.t-t
}
<:ty->
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>:ty- T<D4>
<TAFLF -:iDD -JcciDD
wictD`DD` rcrc-rD>
<TF>
<TL AiDtc ::tit->
*** QoD Tri :QL :-r-r 2DDD *** <TL>
<TF>
<TF>
<TL ::t-t>
<ci iDo:ti1y>
Ti. Di-o D i t, o DiDD, _oD tri,
ro r-:tcr-, i.crt -crt, tDi-t

-, triDD, td cD Dc t o _oD tri,
rD :c cd i-o, rc .t DcD tD. DD
cd i-o rD.
<r>:QL D-ticD<r>.<ci>
<TL>
<TF>
<TF><TL><Dr :i:- ccrr-c><TL<TF>
<TF><TL>'-c.- tc
< Dr-1`www.DooDD.c.` ::>
www.DooDD.c.<><TL
<TF>
<TAFLF>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

KhI frIou goI frang sty/c.PHP fron frnh duyof, noI dung cua frang ucb duoc djnh dang
fhoo fho sty/c nhu hnh 6-1.

Hnh 6-1: Ap dung fho sfyIo
Tuong fu nhu vay khI ban muon fhong nhaf noI dung frong nhung fho khac cua mof
frang ucb fh khaI bao mof djnh dang frong fho sty/c. Tuy nhIon, khI daf fon frung voI
fho HTML, moI fho do frong frang so cung chung mof djnh dang. Chang han, ban khaI
bao djnh dang cho fho tJ nhu sau:

TL
FONT: D Ari, I--ti, :D::-ri1
}

MoI noI dung frnh bay frong fho tJ so co djnh dang nhu fron. Nou ban muon co djnh
dang khac fh khaI bao fhuoc fnh c/ass cho fho tJ do, v du su dung djnh dang khac
cho fho tJ:

<tc ::t-t>AFC<tc>

Thay v chuoI ABC so co djnh dang Ia FONT. 10px Aria/, Hc/octica, sans-scrij fh chung
so co djnh dang cua FONT. 11px Aria/, Hc/octica, sans-scrij.
Chu y rang, frong moI frang ucb ban phaI khaI bao fho sty/c va djnh nghIa fhong nhaf
cho cac fho. KhI co su fhay doI ban phaI fhay doI frong moI frang ucb. o su dung
chung cho moI frang ucb frong ung dung, ban can xay dung mof fap fIn sty/c, fap fIn
duoc bIof don voI fon goI custom sty/c sbcct |css).
af ky frang ucb nao frong ung dung, muon ap dung kIou djnh dang frong fap fIn css
fh khaI bao IIon kof fap fIn css bang fho /ink.
V du, chung fa khaI bao fap fIn sty/c.css bao gom cac djnh dang nhu v du 6-2.
VI du 6-2: Khu buo tup tn css

A
COLOF: =DDDt;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
A:Dc-r
COLOF: =DDDt;
}
A:iD
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
COLOF: r-c;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
A:i:it-c
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
COLOF: r;
TFXTLFCOFATON: DcD-
}
.tit-
FONT'FCIT: rcc;
FONT:7F: 4;
COLOF: =DDDt;
}
.t-t
}

Sau do frong frang PHP, ban khaI bao IIon kof fap fIn nay bang fho /ink, nou muon ap
dung djnh dang nay frong moI fho HTML ban su dung fhuoc fnh c/ass nhu khaI bao
djnh dang cua fho sty/c ngay frong frang do nhu v du 6-3.
VI du 6-3: Khu buo su dung tup tn css

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->
'-c.- tc LiD :ty- :D--t Fi-
<tit->
<LNK Dr-1`:ty-.::` r-:ty-:D--t>
<\FTA Dtt-_oiCcDt-DtTy-
cDt-Dt`t-tDt.; Dr:-tot1`>
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>:ty- Fi-<D4>
<TAFLF -:iDD -JcciDD
wictD`DD` rcrc-rD>

<TF>
<TL AiDtc ::tit->
*** QoD Tri :QL :-r-r 2DDD *** <TL>
<TF>
<TF>
<TL ::t-t>
<ci iDo:ti1y>
Ti. Di-o D i t, o DiDD, _oD tri,
ro r-:tcr-, i.crt -crt, tDi-t
-, triDD, td cD Dc t o _oD tri,
rD :c cd i-o, rc .t DcD tD. DD
cd i-o rD.
<r>:QL D-ticD<r>.<ci>
<TL>
<TF>
<TF><TL><Dr :i:- ccrr-c><TL<TF>
<TF><TL>'-c.- tc
< Dr-1`www.DooDD.c.` ::>
www.DooDD.c.<><TL
<TF>
<TAFLF>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

TrIou goI frang inc/uJcsty/c.pbp fron frnh duyof nhu hnh 6-3, mau va kch fhuoc jont
cung voI kIou chua cua noI dung khong fhay doI so voI sty/c.pbp, boI v phan fho sty/c
duoc fach ra fhanh fap fIn sty/c.css, sau do dung fho /ink do IIon kof fap fIn css nay vao
frang PHP fro IaI.

Hnh 6-3: IIon kof fap fIn css

Chu y rang, nou khaI bao fhuoc fnh cIass frong fho <tab/c> fh nhung noI dung frong
fho <tab/c> so co djnh dang tbco djnh dang khaI bao frong fhuoc fnh c/ass. Tuong fu,
nou khaI bao fhuoc fnh c/ass frong fho <tr> fh noI dung frong fho <fr> so co djnh
dang gIong nhu djnh dang khaI bao frong fhong fIn c/ass.
3. THONG NHAT KCH THOC CA MO TRANG PHP
KhI xay dung ung dung ucb chuyon nghIop, dIou dau fIon ban non quan fam Ia su
fhong nhaf vo kch fhuoc cua cac phan fron frang ucb. Iou nay co nghIa Ia khI nguoI
su dung fhay doI frang ucb khI duyof, phan top, /cjt, rigbt, bottom co kch fhuoc nhu
nhau.
o Iam dIou nay, ban chIa frang ucb ra fhanh 5 phan: top, /cjt, rigbt, boJy va bottom.
Phan fop fhuong frnh bay cac fhuoc fnh nhu quan cao |bancr), /ogo |bIou fuong cua
cong fy), mcnu |fhuc don cua ung dung) va mof so fhong fIn khac.
Phan /cjt Ia fhong fIn vo cac mcnu phu hay con goI Ia mcnu cua mcnu chnh, bon canh
mcnu con nay frang ucb fhuong co cac IIon kof vo IIon ho, quang cao, mai/ing /ist
|dang ky cmai/), goI don ban bo |scnJ to jricnJ), ....
oI voI phan rigbt, fhuong Ia phan gIoI fhIou vo cac fhong dac bIof va quang cao,
chang han doI voI ung dung ban sach, phan rigbt fhuong Ia danh sach cac nhom sach
ban chay, sap phaf hanh, ...
Phan bottom fhuong fhong fIn IIon Iac cua cong fy, chu nhan cua ucb sitc va ban
quyon. NgoaI ra, phan bottom doI khI Ia danh sach cac mcnu con khac.
Tom IaI, fuy fhuoc vao y fuong fhIof ko moI phan nhu fron bao gom cac fhuoc fnh ma
nha fhIof ko can frnh bay sao cho phu hop. Tuy nhIon, phan boJy Ia phan frnh bay
noI dung chnh cua moI frang ucb. NgoaI ra, fuy vao fung fruong hop cu fho, frang ucb
co fho khong co phan /cjt va rigbt.
Nhu vay, chung fa so chIa frang ucb ra fhanh 5 phan, phan boJy chnh Ia phan chnh
cua frang ucb do, con 4 phan con IaI duoc chon vao khI co nhu cau.
Chang han, co nhung frang ucb do fhong fIn frnh bay frong phan boJy nhIou, non can
khong gIa Ion hon, ban co fho khong can su dung haI phan /cjt va rigbt.
o Iam dIou nay, fruoc fIon chung fa fhIof ko frang samp/c.pbp co 5 phan nhu hnh 6-3.


Hnh 6-3: Trang sampIo.php
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lu y:
Tao mot tab/c gom J bang J cot oa kbai bao borJcr=1 Jc Jc canb /c sau Jo ban co tbc
kbai bao /ai tbuoc tinb nay bang 0.

Pban top oa bottom /a mot bang oa mcrgc J cot tbanb 1.
Bcn trong moi pban co tbc co mot bay nbicu tbc tab/c kbac.
Co tbc kbong co pban /cjt oa rigbt nbung bat buoc pban top oa bottom pbai co.
Ban co tbc su Jung cbicu rong cua tab/c tbco kicb tbuoc tuong Joi (% bay so cbl Jjnb,
Joi ooi man bnb 600S00 tb cbicu rong tbuong su Jung /a 7S0, kbi nguoi su Jung cbon
Jo pban giai cua man bnb /on bon tb kicb tbuoc cua tab/c nay kbong tbay Joi, trong
kbi Jo noi Jung sc pbu Jay man bnb kbi ban kbai bao kicb tbuoc tbco 100%.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
o co gIao dIon nhu frang samp/c.pbp nhu fron, ban co fho khaI bao nhu v du 6-3.
VI du 6-3: No dung trung sumple.PHP

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->
'-c.- tc DociD Fi-
<tit->
<LNK Dr-1`:ty-.::` r-:ty-:D--t>
<D-c>
<rccy rcttc.\riDD -1t\riDD
tc\riDD riDt\riDD>

<TAFLF -:iD2 -JcciD2
wictD`` rcrc-r iD-Dt-r>
<TF IFCIT`DD`>
<TL AiD-Dt-r c:D>
TOP
<TL>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT`2D`>
<TL AiDtc wictD`2D`>
LEFT
<TL>
<TL AiDtc wictD`tD`>
BODY
<TL>
<TL AiDtc wictD`2D`>
RIGHT
<TL>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT`cD`>
<TL c:D iD-Dt-r>
BOTTOM
<TL
<TF>
<TAFLF>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

Trong fruong hop ban muon co duong phan cach gIua moI phan bang imagc, ban co fho
khaI bao IaI frang samp/c.pbp co 5 hang va 5 cof nhu tcmp/atc.pbp nhu hnh 6-4.


Hnh 2-4: Phan cach co vIong
o frnh bay frang tcmpa/c.PHP nhu hnh 6-4, ban khaI bao noI dung frang nay nhu v
du 6-4.
VI du 6-4: Khu buo templute.php

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->
'-c.- tc DociD Fi-
<tit->
<LNK Dr-1`:ty-.::` r-:ty-:D--t>
<D-c>
tc\riDD riDt\riDD>
<TAFLF wictD`` rcrc-rD -:iDD
-JcciDD iD-Dt-r>
<TF IFCIT`DD`>
<TL AiD-Dt-r c:Dc>
TOP
<TL>
<TF>

<TF IFCIT``>
<TL c:Dc rccrry><TL>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT`2D`>
<TL AiDtc wictD`cD`>LEFT<TL>

<TL rccrry wictD``><TL>
<TL AiDtc wictD`4t`>BODY<TL>
<TL AiDtc wictD`cD`>RIGHT<TL>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT``>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT`cD`>
<TL c:Dc iD-Dt-r>
BOTTOM
<TL
<TF>
<TAFLF>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

Sau do fach frang tcmp/atc.pbp nay fhanh 5 frang khac nhau duoc daf fon fuong ung Ia
top.btm, /cjt.btm, rigbt.btm va bottom.btm, frong do phan boJy fuong ung voI frang
tcmp/atcs.pbp.
o khaI bao chon fap fIn frong frang PHP, ban su dung cu phap nhu sau:

<.D
iDoc-(1i-D.-};
.>

Hay

<.D
r-_oir-(1i-D.-};
.>
Trong do frang tcmp/atcs.PHP khaI bao chon top.btm, /cjt.btm, rigbt.btm va bottom.btm
nhu v du 6-5.
VI du 6-5: Khu buo chen tup tn trong templutes.php

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->
'-c.- tc ILLKIANC.CO\
<tit->
<LNK Dr-1`:ty-.::` r-:ty-:D--t>
<D-c>
tc\riDD riDt\riDD>
<TAFLF wictD`` rcrc-rD -:iDD
-JcciDD iD-Dt-r>
<TF IFCIT`DD`>
<TL AiD-Dt-r c:Dc>
<?php include("top.htm")?>
<TL>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT``>
<TF>

<TF IFCIT`2D`>
<TL AiDtc wictD`cD`>
<?php include(left.htm")?>
<TL>
<TL AiDtc wictD`4t`>BODY<TL>
<TL AiDtc wictD`cD`>
<?php include ("right.htm")?>
<TL>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT``>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT`cD`>
<TL c:Dc iD-Dt-r>
<?php include("bottom.htm")?>
<TL
<TF>
<TAFLF>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

KhI frIou goI frang tcmp/atcs.pbp, noI dung cua 4 fang /cjt.btm, rigbt.btm, top.btm,
bottom.btm chon vao frang tcmp/atcs.pbp nhu hnh 6-5.


Hnh 6-5: Trang fompIafos.php sau khI chon
Trong do, noI dung cua frang top.btm djnh nghIa fuong fu nhu v du 6-5-1.
VI du 6-5-1: No dung trung top.htm

<TAFLF wictD`DD` rcrc-rD -:iDD
-JcciDD IFCIT`DD` iD-Dt-r>
<TF >
<TL wictD`cD` AiD-Dt-r>
LOCO
<TL>
<TL AiD-Dt-r>
FANNFF
<TL>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT``>
<TL c:D2 rccrry><TL>
<TF>
<TF IFCIT`2D` rccrr ::.-Do>
<TL wictD`cD` >
'-c.-
<TL>
<TL>
Ic.- ( :-rD ( CcDtt ( I-
<TL>
<TF>
<TAFLF>

NoI dung cua fap fIn /cjt.btm duoc djnh nghIa fuong fu nhu v du 6-5-2.
VI du 6-5-2: No dung trung leIt.htm


<TF >
LFFT
<TL>
<TF>
<TAFLF>

Nou co su dung frang rIghf.hfm fh noI dung cua fap fIn nay duoc djnh nghIa fuong fu
nhu v du 6-5-3.
VI du 6-5-3: No dung trung rght.htm

<TF >
FFFF ALV
<TL>
<TF>
<TAFLF>

Tuong fu nhu vay, frang bottom.btm co noI dung nhu v du 6-5-4.
VI du 6-5-4: No dung trung bottom.htm

<TF ::t-t>
<TL AiD-Dt-r>
ILLKIANC.CO\<rr>
CcyriDt 2DDD2DDc.
A FiDt: F-:-r-c.
<TL>
<TF>
<TAFLF>

Chu y rang, frong moI frang khaI bao chon khong co cac fho dong va mo btm/, boJy boI
khI chon fh noI dung cua fap fIn duoc chon so duoc chon vao fap fIn bj chon va frong
fap fIn bj chon da co haI fho nay.
Kjch ban frnh chu PHP ho fro cac fap fIn duoc chon voI cac fon mo rong nhu btm,
PHP, inc, /ib, btm/. o fhuc chaf cua vIoc khaI bao chon Ia chon doan ma frong fap fIn
chon vao fap fIn bo chon, frong fruong hop nay frang chon btm hay PHP dou gIong
nhau do Ia Iy do faI sao cac frang chon o fron dou co fon mo rong Ia btm.
Tuy nhIon, khI ban goI frang chon nay mof mnh v du tom.btm, nou bon frong co ma
PHP fh ma do khong duoc fhong djch. Nou nhung frang chon nay co nhu cau goI mof
mnh fh ban co fho chuyon chung fhanh frang PHP fhay v btm nhu da frnh bay.
Sau khI co duoc frang tcmp/atcs.pbp, ban co fho su dung frang nay Ia mau cho cac
frang khac bang cach saoc as fhanh cac frang PHP khac khI Iap frnh. KhI khaI bao
chon fap fIn, ban co fho su dung duong dan fuong doI hoac fuyof doI cua fap fIn chon
so voI ap fIn bj chon.

4. TAP TN ONG CHNG
NgoaI cach chon o fron, nou ban co nhung ham su dung chung cho cac frang PHP khac
fh ban khaI bao fhanh mof frang PHP khac sau do dung cu phap chon fap fIn do chon
chung vao khI co nhu cau.
V du frong fruong hop nay chung fa muon su dung chung ham co fon gofPagIng nhan 5
fham so $fofaIRovs |fong so mau fIn), $curPg |so frang hIon hanh), $pg |so frang frnh
bay), $ro |so mau fIn fron 1 frang), $fIIo |frang php can goI) frong fap fIn pagIng.php.

<.D
1oDticD iD(:tctFcw:,:orJ,:,:r-,:1i-}

:iD``;
:.F :r-;
:.J :;
i1(:tctFcw::.FD}
:tctJ-: (iDt}(:tctFcw::.F};
-:-
:tctJ-: (iDt}(:tctFcw::.F+};
:orFcw (:orJ}*:.F+;
i1(:tctFcw:>:.F}

::trt;
:-Dc;
:iD ``;
1cr(:i;:i<:tctJ-:;:i++}

i1((:i>((iDt}((:orJ}:.J}}* :.J} (:i<((iDt}((:orJ
}:.J+}}* :.J}}

i1(::trt} ::trt:i;
i1(:i:orJ}
:iD . :i.`Dr:;Dr:;`;
-:-

:iD . `< :::iD Dr-1`:1i-`;
:iD .`-`.:i.``>`.:i;
:iD .`<>Dr:;Dr:;`;
}
:-Dc:i;
}
}
:iD. `TrD :Dr:;Dr:;` ;
i1(:orJ>:.J}

:iD .`< :::iD Dr-1`:1i-`;
:iD .`-`.(::trt};
:iD .``>Jr-ico:<>Dr:;Dr:;`;
}
:iD.:iD;
i1((((:orJ}:.J+}*:.J} < :tctJ-:}

:iD . `< :::iD Dr-1`:1i-`;
:iD .`-`.(:-Dc+};
:iD .``>N-t<>Dr:;Dr:;`;
}
}
r-torD :iD;
}
.>


Sau do khaI bao frang rosuIf.php, chon fap fIn pagIng.php va goI ham gofPagIng nhuu
sau:

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->
'-c.- tc ILLKIANC.CO\
<tit->
<LNK Dr-1`:ty-.::` r-:ty-:D--t>
<D-c>
<rccy rcttc.\riDD -1t\riDD tc\riDD riDt\riDD>
<.D
iDoc-(ìD.D`};
-Dc iD(4,2,D,c,`r-:ot.D.D`};
.>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

Kof qua fra vo nhu hnh 6-6 sau

Hnh 6-6: Ham dung chung
5. KKT LAN
Trong baI nay, chung fa fm hIou cach khaI bao ham, frang php va khaI bao chon fap
fIn.


Mon hoc: PHP

Bu ?

Bai boc nay cbung ta sc /am qucn cacb xu /y cbuoi, mang, kicu DataTimc
trong PHP.

Xu /y cbuoi
Lam oicc ooi mang Ju /icu
Kicu DatcTimc

X LY CHO
PHP Ia kjch ban duoc xom Ia fof nhaf cho xu Iy chuoI, bang cach su dung cac ham xu Iy chuoI, ban
co fho fhuc hIon cac y djnh cua mnh khI fuong fac co so du IIou, fap fIn hay du IIou khac.
1.
1.1. O{nh dung chuo
KhI xuaf kof qua ra frnh duyof, ban co fho su dung cac djnh dang chuoI fuong fu nhu ngon ngu
Iap frnh C. Chang han, chung fa In gIa frj cua bIon $I frong frang dInhdang.php nhu v du 7-1.

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->:triD FoDticD:<tit->
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>LiDD cD<D4>
<.D
:i2.cc;
:DD;
-Dc `Tct .coDt c1 crc-r: :i<rr>`;
riDt1(`Tct .coDt c1 crc-r: .1`, :i};
-Dc `<rr>`;
riDt1(`Tct .coDt c1 crc-r: .21`, :i};
-Dc `<rr>`;
riDt1(`Tct .coDt c1 crc-r: i.21, .D1`, :i,:};
.>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

Kof qua xuaf hIon nhu hnh 7-1


Hnh 7-1: jnh dang chuoI In
Trong do cac djnh dang duoc chIa ra nhIou IoaI fuy fhuoc vao cac ky fu ban su dung.

KcD y-o o tD. :c.
r TriDD ry cD :c iDt--r Di-D tDd cdci cD riDry.
TriDD ry cD :c iDt--r Di-D tDd cdci cD . A:C.
c TriDD ry cD :c iDt--r Di-D tDd cdci cD c-i..
- TriDD ry cD :c ci Di-D tDd cdci cD .2-+2.
o TriDD ry cD :c iDt--r Di-D tDd cdci cD c-i. DcD co.
1 TriDD ry cD :c 1ct Di-D tDd cdci cD :c D. cD.
c TriDD ry cD :c iDt--r Di-D tDd cdci cD D- :c D.
: TriDD ry cD Doci.
TriDD ry cD :c iDt--r Di-D tDd cdci cD D- :c t ci y td tDdcD.
X TriDD ry cD :c iDt--r Di-D tDd cdci cD D- :c t ci y td Dc.
1.2. Hum chuyen do chuo
o chuyon doI chuoI ra ky fu hoa fhuong ban su dung mof frong 4 ham nhu v du 7-2 frong frang
chuyondoI.php:

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>CDoy-D cci<D4>
<.D
::tr`'-c.- tc DooDD.c.`;
-Dc ::tr;
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc :trtco-r(::tr};
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc :trtccw-r(::tr};
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc o1ir:t(::tr};
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc owcrc:(::tr};
-Dc `<rr>`;
.>

<rccy>
<Dt.>


Hnh 7-2: Chuyon doI chuoI
1.3. Hum tuch huy ket hop chuo
o fach hay kof hop chuoI, ban su dung mof frong cac ham fhuong su dung nhu sfrfok, oxpIodo
hay subsfr. Chang han, chung fa su dung 4 ham nay frong v du 7-4 frong frang fachchuoI.php.

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>TD Dc Doci<D4>
<.D
::triD `XiD Dc rD c c-D ci DooDD.c.`;
::tr ::triD;
-Dc ::triD.`<rr>`;
:tc :trtc(::triD, ` `};
wDi- (:tc}

-Dc `'crc :tc<rr >`;
:tc :trtc(` `D`t`};
}
-Dc ::tr.`<rr>`;
-Dc :or:tr(::tr,24}.`<rr>`;
:_rry(};
:-cc-(` `,::tr};
wDi-(:i-D(:}}


-Dc :iò-`_.`<rr>`;
}
.>
<rccy>
<Dt.>


Hnh 7-4: Ham fach chuoI
Trong fruong hop kof hop gIa frj cua cac phan fu cua mang fhanh chuoI, ban su dung ham ImpIodo
nhu v du 7-5 frong frang kofhop.php:

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>K-t Dc Doci<D4>
<.D
::tr `XiD Dc rD c c-D ci DooDD.c.`;
:_rry(};
:-cc-(` `,::tr};
wDi-(:i-D(:}}

-Dc :iò-`_.`<rr>`;
}
::tri.cc-(` `,:};
-Dc ::tr;

.>
<rccy>
<Dt.>


Hnh 7-5: Ham kof hop chuoI
1.4. TIm kem vu thuy the chuo
o fhay fho chuoI, ban su dung ham sfr_ropIaco, chang han frong fruong hop hop ban Iay gIa frj
fu fho nhap IIou, sau do fm kIom nou phaf hIon dau fh fhay fho fhanh haI dau nhay nhu frang
ropIaco.php.

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>TDt tD- Doci<D4>
<.D
::tr``;
i1 (i::-t(:tt1oD.-}}
::tr :tt1oD.-;
i1(::tr . ``};
::tr:tr_r--(`c`,``,::tr};
-Dc ::tr.`<rr>`;
.>
<1cr. ticDr--.D .-tDccc:t>
1oD.-: <iDot D.-tt1oD.- o-`<.::tr.>`><rr>
<iDot ty-:or.it o-:or.it>
<1cr.>

<rccy>
<Dt.>

KhI frIou goI frang ropIaco.php fron frnh duyof, ban so co kof qua nhu sau:

Hnh 7-6: Ham fhay fho chuoI
NgoaI ra, ban co fho su dung cac ham nhu sfrpos |fra vo vj fr chuoI con frong chuoI mo), ...
2. LAM VKC VO MANG O LK
Nhu frong baI kIou du IIou chung fa da Iam quon voI kIou du IIou mang, frong phan nay chung fa
fIop fuc fm hIou cac khaI bao, fruy cap va fuong fac voI fap fIn fu mang mof chIou, haI chIou.
2.1. Mung mot cheu
o khaI bao mang mof chIou, ban co fho su dung cu phap nhu sau:

:rrrry(};
:rr:rry(c};

Truy cap vao phan fu mang, ban co fho su dung chI muc cua phan fu nhu sau:

:rrD_;
:rr:_2;

Iay gIa frj cua phan fu mang, ban cung fhuc hIon fuong fu nhu fruong hop fruy cap mang phan
fu.

-Dc :rrD_;
::rr:c_;

Chang han, chung fa khaI bao mang dong va mang co so phan fu cho fruoc, sau do fruy cap va
Iay gIa frj cua chung nhu v du frong frang arrayono.php sau:

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->Arry<tit->
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>\D .ct Di-o<D4>
<.D
:iD;
:.yrrrry(,2,,4,c,t,};
:rrrry(};
:rr:rry(D};
:rrD_D;:rr_;:rr2_2;:rr_;
1cr(:iD;:i<:i:-c1(:rr};:i++}

-Dc :rr:i_.` `;
}
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc `Ci tri cD DDt `..(:rr}.`<rr>`;
-Dc `Ci tri DDc DDt `..iD(:rr}.`<rr>` ;
-Dc `Ci tri troD riDD `.rry_:o.(:rr} :i:-c1(:rr}.`<rr>` ;
-Dc `<rr>`;
1cr(:iD;:i<D;:i++}

:rr::i_D+:i;
}
1cr(:iD;:i<D;:i++}

-Dc :rr::i_.` `;
}
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc `Ci tri cD DDt `..(:rr:}.`<rr>`;
-Dc `Ci tri DDc DDt `..iD(:rr:}.`<rr>` ;
-Dc `Ci tri troD riDD `.rry_:o.(:rr:} :i:-c1(:rr:}.`<rr>` ;
.>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

Kof qua frnh bay nhu hnh 7-7 khI frIou goI frang arrayono.php.


Hnh 7-7: KhaI bao va su dung mang mof chIou
2.2. Mung hu cheu
Tuong fu nhu mang mof chIou, frong fruong hop Iam vIoc mang haI chIou ban khaI bao fuong fu
nhu frang arrayfvo.php.

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->Arry<tit->
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>\D Di Di-o<D4>
<.D
:iD;:D;
:rrrry(};
:rrD_D_D;
:rrD__;
:rrD_2_2;
:rr_D_;
:rr__4;
:rr_2_c;
:rr2_D_t;
:rr2__;
:rr2_2_;
1cr(:iD;:i<:i:-c1(:rr};:i++}

1cr(:D;:<:i:-c1(:rr};:++}

-Dc :rr:i_:_.` `;
}
-Dc `<rr>`;
}
-Dc `<rr>`;

:rr:rry(rry(,2,,4,c,t,},
rry(,2,,4,c,t,}};

1cr(:iD;:i<;:i++}

1cr(:D;:<;:++}

:rr::i_:_D+:i*:;
}
}

1cr(:iD;:i<;:i++}

1cr(:D;:<;:++}

-Dc :rr::i_:_.` `;
}
-Dc `<rr>`;
}
-Dc `<rr>`;

.>
<rccy>
<Dt.>

KhI frIou goI frang nay fron frnh duyof, kof qua frnh bay nhu hnh 7-8.

Hnh 7-8: Mang haI chIou

3. KK OATKTMK
o Iam vIoc voI kIou du IIou afo va TImo, ban su dung ham cua PHP co san. Chang han, muon
frnh bay chuoI ngay fhang, ban dung ham dafo voI cac fham so nhu v du sau:

<Dt.>
<D-c>
<tit->Lt- Dc Ti.-<tit->
<D-c>
<rccy>
<D4>Ny Di-D ti<D4>
<.D
-Dc ct-(`:FY`};
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc ct-(`\Y`};
-Dc `<rr>`;
-Dc `Ly: c1 `.ct-(`\`}.` i: `.ct-(`t`};
-Dc `<rr>`;
.>

<rccy>
<Dt.>


Hnh 7-9: Su dung ham afo

Iuu y rang, fhan so frong ham dafo duoc frnh bay frong bang sau

Ccc- Li-D ii

Foci :DCDi-o rD Di y td tDdcD am/pm.
A Foci :DCDi-o rD Di y td Dc AM/PM.
F iDD cD tDci iD Swatch Internet, rD c tD- tD. Dc
http://swatch.com/internettime/internettime.php3.
c Day (D} trcD tDD ci Di :c, D-o Dy ' :- c -. :c D.
L Day (MonSun} trcD toD ci y td.

F TDD (JanuaryDecember} trcD D. ci t-D tDD y o cD t-t.
Hour (2} trcD Dy Dc 2 :c (DcD -. D D-o ic td '}.
C Hour (D2} trcD Dy Dc 2 :c (DcD -. D D-o ic td D'}.
D Hour (D2} trcD Dy 2 :c (-. D D-o ic td DD'}.
I Hour (DD2} trcD Dy 2 :c (-. DD D-o ic td DDD'}.
i Minutes (Dc'} trci _o (-. DD D-o Dot td DDc'}.
Day (} Dc 2 :c (DcD -. D D-o Dy td '}.
Day (MondaySunday} trcD toD cD text.
L N. DDoD tr - , Ddc i D. tr - D.
. Month (D2} trcD D. 2 :c (-. DD D-o tDD td DD'}.
\ Month (JanDec} trcD D. y td.
D Month (2} Dc 2 :c (DcD -. D D-o tDD td '}.
: Seconds (Dc'} trci _o (-. DD D-o iy td DDc'}.
: TD-. Di y td st, nd, rd Dy th tD-c :o Dy cD Di y td :c
(i co DDd 2
tD
}.
t Tr - tcD :c Dy trcD tDD (td 2 }.
T Ky td Timezone o :-r-r ci y td, DD DD DDd EST.
L TcD :c Seconds td .Dory 'D tci Dc. Dy dD ci UNIX Time Stamp.
w Ly (Dt} o toD, D dD ci Sunday t dD ci Saturday.
y N. iDD cD 2 cD :c (D}.
Y N. iDD cD 4 cD :c (2DD}.
: Ny trcD D. .ct Dc 2 cD :c (Dtc}.
X Timezone Di-D ti tiDD rD iy td 42DD -D 42DD.

4. KKT LAT
Trong baI nay, chung fa fap frung fm hIou xu Iy chuoI, mang va ham ngay fhang. Trong baI fIop,
chung fa fIop fuc fm hIou co so du IIou mySQI.

Mon hoc: MySQL

Bu 8

Bai boc nay cbung ta sc /am qucn cacb tbao tac trcn co so Ju /icu My8QL.

Gioi tbicu co so Ju /icu My8QL
Cai Jat My8QL
Cau bnb
Kicu Ju /icu
Kbai bao cac pbat bicu

1. GO THK CO SO O LK MYSQL
My8QL Ia co so du IIou duoc su dung cho cac ung dung Wcb co quy mo vua va nho. Tuy khong
phaI Ia mof co so du IIou Ion nhung chung cung co frnh gIao dIon fron WinJous hay Linux, cho phop
nguoI dung co fho fhao fac cac hanh dong IIon quan don co so du IIou.
Cung gIong nhu cac co so du IIou, khI Iam vIoc voI co so du IIou My8QL, ban dang ky kof noI,
fao co so du IIou, quan Iy nguoI dung, phan quyon su dung, fhIof ko doI fuong Tab/c cua co so du IIou
va xu Iy du IIou.
Tuy nhIon, frong baf ky ung dung co so du IIou nao cung vay, nou ban fhan chung co ho fro mof
frnh gIao dIon do hoa, ban co fho su dung chung fIon IoI hon cac su dung CommanJ /inc. oI v, cho
du ban dIou khIon My8QL duoI baf ky hnh fhuc nao, muc dch cung quan Iy va fhao fac co so du
IIou.
2. CA OAT MYSQL
o caI daf MySQI fron non WIndovs ban fhoo cac buoc sau:
Truoc fIon ban chop fap fIn mysqI-4.0.0a-aIpha-vIn.zIp vao dIa cung hoac chon chung fu dIaq
C va gIaI non fap fIn
Chay fap fIn Sofup.oxo, chon dIa C hay
Sau khI caI daf fhanh cong, ban kIom fra frong WIndovs SorvIcos xuaf hIon djch vu mySQI
hay khong7. o su dung duoc MySQI fh frang fhaI cua djch vu nay phaI o cho do Sfarfod.
Iuu y rang, frong fruong hop MySQI khong fho chay duoc, do djch vu cua MySQI chua Sfarfod
nhu , do co fho chay duoc MySQI fh ban can mof so fhay doI frong fap fIn my.InI frong fhu muc
WINNT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=TDi: Fi- w: .c- o:iD tD- 'iD\y:QLAc.iD .
=Tcc
='2DD D:cD: A\
=LDc..-Dt cr Acc cDy tD- -y: tDt yco Dcw Dcw wcr:.
=F-c tD- \y:QL \Do 1cr iD:troticD:
.y:_cDt_
r:-cirC:.y:_
=riDcccr-::2.D.D.
ctcirC:.y:_ct
=Do-C:.y:_:Dr-ycor Do- cir-tcry
=:cw _o-ry c=
=t.cir=
=crtDt
=:-trir--y_ro11-rt\

'iD\y:QLc.iD_
:-r-rC:.y:_riD.y:_cDt.--
o:-rrcct
::wcrc
Qo-ryDt-rD

3. TAO CO SO O LK VA NGO ONG
Trong fruong hop ban su dung gIao dIon do hoa fh dung ch quan frj co so du IIou MySQI, ban
co fho chay fap fIn mysq/jront.cxc frong fhu muc My8QL Contro/, bang cach chay fap fIn cua so xuaf
hIon nhu hnh 8-1. Nou Ian dau fIon fao kof noI co so du IIou, ban can phaI fao mof Conncction, cung
cap fon 8crocr hay IP cua may chua My8QL.
Tuy nhIon, frong fruong hop may chua co so du IIou My8QL Ia may dang su dung, ban co fho
su dung /oca/bost. NgaI ra, cung gIong nhu cac co so du IIou khac, Uscrnamc mac djnh cua co so du
IIou My8Q/ Ia root va PassuorJ Ia rong.
Nou ban da co co so du IIou dang fon faI, ban co fho go fon co so du IIou frong phan Databascs |
nou muon mo nhIou Jatabasc, ban co fho dung dau ; do phan cach).
Trong fruong hop Ian dau fIon, ban khong can cung cap fon co so du IIou, ban co fho fao chung
sau khI kof noI.

Hnh 8-1: Kof noI co so du IIou bang MySQIIronf TooI
Sau kof noI co so du IIou fhanh cong, frnh dIou khIon co so du IIou My8QL co gIao dIon nhu
hnh 8-2, cong vIoc dau fIon ban phaI fhuc hIon Ia fao co so du IIou.
af dau fu mcnu co fon Too/s 1 Crcatc Databasc hay chon fon root/oca/bost ! P-C/ick ! Crcatc
Databasc, cua so xuaf hIon nhu hnh 8-3.


Hnh 8-2: CIao dIon dIou khIon co so du IIou MySQI
Cung cap fon co so du IIou, frong fruong hop nay ban co fho nhap Tcst, bam nuf OK, co so du
IIou xuaf hIon frong cua so dIou khIon.

Hnh 8-3: Tao co so du IIou co fon Tosf
Trong ca haI fruong hop fao co so du IIou bang My8QL fhanh cong nhu fron, ban co fho fm
fhay fon co so du IIou do frong fhu muc mysq/1Jata nhu hnh 8-4 sau:


Hnh 8-4: Thu muc fIn co so du IIou Tosf
3.1. Quun ly nguo dung
Iam fho nao do dang nhao vao co so du IIou My8QL, ban co fho su dung haI cach nhu frnh
bay o fron. Tuy nhIon, sau khI fao ra cac uscrnamc khac, ban co fho su dung chung do dang nhap.
o dang nhap vao My8QL bang CommanJ /inc, ban chI can go >mysq/ bostnamc u uscrnamc
p fu dau nhac hay dang nhap bang cach su dung frnh gIao dIon do hoa. Tu khoa -b hI ra rang fon
|computcr namc), IP, hay /oca/bost cua may co su dung co so du IIou My8QL, -u chI ra rang ban su
dung uscrnamc, uscrnamc Ia fon uscrnamc, -p duoc chI djnh khI uscrnamc nay co passuorJ. Trong
fruong hop passuorJ Ia rong, ban co fho khong cung cap fham so p.
o fao Uscr frong co so du IIou My8QL, ban co fho su dung haI cach fron. Nou ban fhuc hIon
vIoc fao mof Uscrnamc bang CommanJ /inc, ban co fho go fu dau nhac nhu phaf bIou sau:

CFANT
:--t, D:-rt, Lct-,
L--t-, Dc-, At-r,
Cr-t-, Lrc, F-1-r-D-:
ON *.* TO `.yi:`c``
LFNTFFL FY `24ct`

Trong phaf bIou fron, vua fao ra Uscr co fon myis, voI bostnamc Ia co so du IIou hIon hanh,
passuorJ Ia 12J4 va duoc cac daf quyon 8c/cct, Inscrt, UpJatc, Dc/ctc, InJcx, A/tcr, Crcatc, Drop fron
co so du IIou hIon hanh.
Trong fruong hop ban fao ra mof Uscrnamc khong cung cap cac daf quyon fron co so du IIou,
ban co fho fhuc hIon nhu phaf bIou fao uscrnamc. tcst, passuorJ: 12J4 sau:

CFANT
o:-
ON *.* TO `t-:t`c``

LFNTFFL FY `24`

Nou ban su dung gIao dIon do hoa, ban co fho fao uscrnamc va gan quyon nhu fron bang cach
su dung mcnu co fon Too/s 1 Uscr-Managcr, cua so xuaf hIon nhu hnh 8-5.

Hnh 8-5: Tao !sornamo
3.2. Cup quyen cho nguo dung
Cac daf quyon 8c/cct, Inscrt, UpJatc, Dc/ctc, InJcx, A/tcr, Crcatc, Drop fron co so du IIou, ban
co fho fham khao chI fIof frong bang 8-1.
Bung S-1: Cuc Jul guyen lren co so Ju Iieu

Lci coD Li-D ii

:--t tr-:, CDc D- user troy D .o
co.D: tiD td Table.
iD:-rt tr-:, CDc D- user tD-. .ci .o
co.D: tiD c Table.
oct- tr-:, CDc D- user tDy ci i
co.D: tri o .o tiD tcD ti
trcD Table.
c--t- tr-: CDc D- o:-r .o tiD tcD
ti trcD Table.
iDc- tr-: CDc D- user tD-. .ci Dy
c Di .o o Table.
t-r tr-: CDc D- user tDy ci o
tro o ci tdcD Table

Dy Ltr:- tcD ti, DDd
tD-. ct c trcD Table
tcD ti, tDy ci i-o cd
i-o o ct cd i-o, ..
r-t- ctr:-: CDc D- user tc .ci ci
tr-: tdcD Table Dy Ltr:-.
crc ctr:-: CDc D- o:-r c ci
tr-: tdcD Table Dy Database.

Xuaf phaf fu cac quyon co anh huong don cau fruc co so du IIou, cac doI fuong cua co so du IIou
va du IIou, ban co fho xom xof ky cang fruoc khI cap quyon cho uscr am vIoc fron co so du IIou.
NgoaI cac quyon fron, frong My8QL con co mof so quyon khong gan mac djnh nhu frong bang
8-2, ban co fho xom xof cac daf quyon quan frj do cap cho nguoI dung.
Bung S-2: Cuc Jul guyen guun lrj lren co so Ju Iieu

Lci Li-D ii

r-cc CDc D- Ddci _oD tri D i
Table, _oy-D, host, logs Table.
:DotccwD CDc D- Ddci _oD tri D. cdt Dct
cD MySQL Server.
rc-:: CDc D- Ddci _oD tri -. _o triDD
tDd Di-D o triDD Do c tD- D.
cdt .ct :c _o triDD D tDd tDi.
1i- CDc D- cd i-o Di c Table td t
tiD.

Iuu y: Nhung uscrnamc bnh fhuong khong non cap quyon nhu frong bang 8-2 cho ho, frong
fruong hop ban muon cap faf ca cac quyon frong bang 8-1 va ang 8-2 cho uscrnamc khI fao ra ho,
ban Tab/c su dung fu khoa A// fhay v A// Prioi/cgcs frong phaf bIou fao uscr nhu sau:

CFANT
ALL
ON *.* TO `-DD`c``
LFNTFFL FY `24ct`

Tuong fu nhu vay, frong fruong hop ban khong cung cap baf ky daf quyon nao fron co so du
IIou hIon hanh, ban co fho khaI bao phaf bIou cap uyon nhu sau:

CFANT
o:-
ON *.* TO `-DD`c``
LFNTFFL FY `24ct`

3.3. Xou quyen cuu user
o xoa cac quyon cua uscr fu co so du IIou hIon hanh, ban co fho su dung phaf bIou 8QL co fon
Pcookc, phaf bIou Pcookc nguoc IaI voI phaf bIou Grant.
Nou ban xoa mof so quyon cua uscr, ban co fho su dung khaI bao nhu phaf bIou sau:

F-c- rii--: (co.D:}_
ON it-.
Frc. o:-rD.-

Trong fruong hop xoa faf ca cac quyon cua uscr, ban co fho su dung phaf bIou nhu sau:

F-c- A
ON it-.
Frc. o:-rD.-

Nou uscr do duoc cap quyon voI fuy chon Grant Option, do xoa cac quyon do cua uscr, ban co
fho khaI bao nhu sau:

F-c- CrDt OticD
ON it-.
Frc. o:-rD.-

o fham khao chI fIof qua frnh cap va xoa quyon cua mof uscr, ban co fho fham khao mof so
phaf bIou nhu sau:
Can quyon AJministrator cho uscr co fon jrcJ fron moI co so du IIou frong My8QL, passuorJ
cua anh fa Ia mnb12J, ban co fho khaI bao nhu sau:

CrDt
OD *
Tc 1r-c iDc-ti1y-c ry .Dr2
'itD CrDt OticD;

Nou ban khong muon uscr co fon jrcJ frong ho fhong, ban co fho xoa anh fa bang cach khaI
bao phaf bIou sau:

F-c-
OD *
Frc. 1r-c;

Tao mof uscr co fon ckbang voI passuorJ Ia 12J4667S, duoc Iam vIoc fron co so du IIou Tcst,
khong cap quyon cho uscr nay, ban co fho khaI bao nhu sau:

CrDt o:-
OD T-:t.*
Tc -DD ic-Dti1i-c ry 24ct;

Tuong fu nhu vay, frong fruong hop ban muon cap mof so quyon cho uscr co fon ckbang fron co
so du IIou Tcst, ban co fho khaI bao nhu sau:

CrDt :--t, iD:-rt, c--t-, oct-, iDc-, crc
OD T-:t.*
Tc -DD;

Nou ban muon xoa bof mof so quyon cua uscr co fon ckbang fron co so du IIou Tcst, ban co fho
khaI bao nhu sau:

F-c- oct-, c--t-, crc
OD T-:t.*
Frc. -DD;

Nhung frong fruong hop xoa faf ca cac quyon cua uscr co fon ckbang fron co so du IIou Tcst,
ban co fho khaI bao:

F-c- A
OD T-:t.*
Frc. -DD;

4. KK O LK CA CO SO O LK MYSQL
Truoc khI fhIof ko co so du IIou fron My8QL, ban can phaI fham khao mof so kIou du IIou
fhuong dung, chung bao gom cac nhom nhu: numcric, Jatc anJ timc va string.
ou can Iuu y frong khI fhIof ko co so du IIou, ban can phaI xom xof kIou du IIou cho mof cof
frong Tab/c sao cho phu hop voI du IIou cua fho gIoI fhuc.
Iou nay co nghIa Ia khI chon du IIou cho cof frong Tab/c, ban phaI xom xof don IoaI du IIou
can Iuu fru fhuoc nhom kIou du IIou nao, chIou daI cung nhu cac rang buoc khac, nham khaI bao cho
phu hop.
4.1. Lou du leu numerc
KIou du IIou numcric bao gom kIou so nguyon frnh bay frong bang 8-3 va kIou so cham dong,
frong fruong hop du IIou kIou dau cham dong ban can phaI chI ro bao nhIou so sau dau phan Io nhu
frong bang 8-4.
Bung S-J: Kieu Ju Iieu so nguyen

Lci FD- Fyt-: Li-D ii

tiDyiDt 2>2 :c Doy-D rt DDc.
Dy
D..2cc

:.iDt 2t 2 :c Doy-D DDc.
>2t
Dy
D..tccc

.-cio.iDt tD :c Doy-D d.
> tD
Dy
D..t2c

iDt 2
>2
4 :c Doy-D.
Dy
D..2
2

riiDt 2
t
>2
t
:c Doy-D cD.
Dy
D..2
t4

Bung S-4: Kieu Ju Iieu so chum Jong

Lci FD- Fyt-: Li-D ii

1ct Do tDoc :c tD DD
:c tD cD Single Dy
JDD Double.

Fct(\,L} 4 :c tD DD
.c4'4cF cD :ingle.
.4D224tt

Lcor-(\,L} :c tD DD
cD Double.
.'t'4t2cD
2.22cDccD2D4FD

Fct(\,L_}
:c D. cD do
cdci cD char.

4.2.
4.3.
Lou du leu Outet und Tme
KIou du IIou Datc anJ Timc cho phop ban nhap IIou duoI dang chuoI hay dang so nhu frong
bang 8-5.
Bung S-5: Kieu Ju Iieu so nguyen

Lci FD- Li-D ii

Lt- DDDDD Date triDD ry cdci cD
yyyy..cc.

Ti.- :c':c' Time triDD ry cdci
:c':c' cD DD:..:::.

Lt-Ti.- DDDDD Date Time triDD ry cdci
DD:DD:DD cD yyyy..cc DD:..:::.
''''2
2:c':c'

Ti.-:t.(\}_
'DDD Ti.-:t. triDD ry cdci
DD:DD:DD cD yyyy..cc DD:..:::.
Y-r(2(4}_
'D2Dt' Y-r triDD ry cdci
'D2cc cD 2 :c Dy 4 :c.

oI voI kIou du IIou Timc8tamp, ban co fho djnh dang nhIou cach nhu frnh bay frong bang 8-
6.
Bung S-6: Trnh buy Jui Jien cuu TimeSlump

Lci Ii-D tDi

Ti.-:t. YYYY\\LLII\\::
Ti.-:t.(4} YYYY\\LLII\\::
Ti.-:t.(2} YY\\LLII\\::
Ti.-:t.(D} YY\\LLII\\
Ti.-:t.(} YYYY\\LL
Ti.-:t.(t} YY\\LL
Ti.-:t.(4} YY\\
Ti.-:t.(2} YY

Lou du leu Strng
KIou du IIou 8tring chIa Iam ba IoaI, IoaI fhu nhaf nhu char |chIou daI co djnh) va oarcbar
|chIou daI bIon fhIon). Cbar cho phop ban nhap IIou duoI dang chuoI voI chIou daI Ion nhaf bang
chIou daI ban da djnh nghIa, nhung khI fruy cap du IIou fron Fic/J co khaI bao dang nay, ban can
phaI xu Iy khoang frang. Iou nay co nghIa Ia nou khaI bao chIou daI Ia 10, nhung ban chI nhap
hcuoI 4 ky fu, My8QL Iuu fru frong bo nho chIou daI 10.

Nguoc IaI voI kIou du IIou Cbar Ia Varcbar, chIou daI Ion haf nguoI dung co fho nhap vao bang
chIou daI ban da djnh nghIa cho Fic/J nay, bo nho chI Iuu fru chIou daI dung voI chIou daI cua chuoI
ban da nhap.
Nhu vay, co nghIa Ia nou ban khaI bao kIou oarcbar 10 ky fu, nhung ban hcI nhap 5 ky fu,
My8QL chI Iuu fru chIou daI 5 ky fu, ngoaI ra, khI ban fruy cap don Fic/J co kIou du IIou nay, ban
khong can phaI gIaI quyof khoang frang.
IoaI fhu haI Ia Tcxt hay B/ob, Tcxt cho phop Iuu chuoI raf Ion, B/ob cho phop Iuu doI fuong nhj
phan. IoaI fhu 3 Ia Enum va 8ct. an co fho fham khao ca ba IoaI fron frong bang 8-7.
Bung S-7: Kieu Ju Iieu Slring

Lci FD- Li-D ii

Dr 2cc CDi-o ci o Doci cD DDt
Drt-r: 2cc y td.

rDr 2cc CDi-o ci o Doci cD DDt
Drt-r: 2cc y td (characters}.

tiDyrcr 2
KDi rc Dc Field Dd i-o

ci tdcD DDi DD c 2cc
characters.

tiDyt-t 2

Doci c 2cc characters.

rcr 2
t
blob c tc,cc characters..

t-t 2
t
Doci cD D rD c tc,cc
characters.
\-cio.rcr
2
24
rcr d DcD t,,2c
characters.

\-cio.t-t
2
24
Doci cD D rD d
DcD t,,2c
characters.
LcDrcr
2
2
blob cD DcD
4,2'4,'t,2'c characters.

LcDt-t
2
2
Doci cD D rD cD
DcD 4,2'4,'t,2'c
characters.

5. PHAT BK SQL
My8QL Ia mof ho fhong quan Iy co so du IIou quan ho |PDBM8) hay con duoc goI Ia Pc/ationa/
Databasc Managcmcnt 8ystcm. PDBM8 Ia mof frong nhung mo hnh co so du IIou quan ho fhong
dung hIon nay.

5.1.
5.2.
5.2.1.
Nhom phut beu SQL
Nhu da frnh bay frong chuong 3, hau hof san pham co so du IIou quan ho hIon nay dou dua
fron chuan cua 8QL va AN8I-8QL, chang han nhu 8QL 8crocr, Orac/c, Postgrc8QL va My8QL. Iou
nay co nghIa Ia faf ca nhung co so du IIou quan ho dou phaI co nhung fIou chuan fhoo cu phap 8QL
va My8QL cung khong phaI Ia ngoaI Io.
Ngon ngu 8QL chIa Iam 4 IoaI sau:
DDL (Data Dcjinition Languagc): Ngon ngu djnh nghIa du IIou, dung do fao co so du IIou,
djnh nghIa cac doI fuong co so du IIou nhu Tab/c, Qucry, Vicus hay cac doI fuong khac.
DML (Data Manipu/ation Languagc): Ngon ngu fhao fac du IIou, dung do fhao fac du IIou,
chang han nhu cac phaf bIou: 8c/cct, Incrt, Dc/ctc, UpJatc, ...
DCL: (Data Contro/ Languagc): Ngon ngu su dung fruy cap doI fuong co so du IIou, dung do
fhay doI cau fruc, fao nguoI dung, gan quyon chang han nhu: A/tcr, Grant, Pcookc, ...
TCL: (Transaction Contro/ Languagc): Ngon su dung do khaI bao chuyon fac chang han nhu:
Bcgin Tran, Po//back, Commit, ...
Phut beu SQL thuo tuc du leu
Phaf bIou 8QL bao gom cac IoaI nhu sau:
8ELECT (Truy oan mau tin.
IN8EPT (Tbcm mau tin.
UPDATE (Cap nbat Ju /icu.
DELETE (Xoa mau fIn).
Khu nem co bun ve Select
Phaf bIou 8c/cct dung do fruy van du IIou fu mof hay nhIou bang khac nhau, kof qua fra vo Ia
mof fap mau fIn fhoa cac dIou kIon cho fruoc nou co, cu phap cua phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT:
:FLFCT <cDD :D ct>
FFO\ <cDD :D rD>_
'IFFF < i-o i-D rD roc>_
CFOLJ FY <t-D ct ri-o tDd trcD :FLFCT> _
IAVNC <i-o i-D rt roc o CFOLJ FY>_
OFLFF FY <cDD :D ct>_
L\T Frc.No.r-r ( TcNo.r-r_

anh sach cac cof: KhaI bao cac fon cof, bIou fhuc kof hop gIua cac cof cua Tab/c ban can fruy
Iuc. Trong fruong hop co haI cof cung fon cua haI Tab/c frong phaf bIou, ban can phaI chI djnh fon
Tab/c dI fruoc. Chang han, nhu v du 8-1.
VI du 8-1: Phut beu SKLKCT

:--t t-.L,t-.N.-
Frc. trt-.:
'D-r- Cc:t>DD;

:--t trOrc-r:.Orc-rL,Orc-rLt-,t-.L,Qtty
Frc. trOrc-r:,trOrc-rL-ti:
'D-r- trOrc-r:.Orc-rL _ trOrc-rL-ti.Orc-rL;


5.2.2. Phut beu SKLKCT vo menh de FROM
Phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT Ia mof frong nhung phaf bIou you cau My8QL fruy Iuc du IIou
fron co so du IIou chI djnh. 8ELECT dung do doc fhong fIn fu co so du IIou fhoo nhung fruong quy
djnh, hay nhung bIou fhuc cho fruong do.
Monh do FPOM chI ra fon mof bang hay nhung bang co quan ho can fruy van fhong fIn.
Thuong chung fa su dung cong cu My8QL-Front ! Qucry do fhuc fhI phaf bIou 8QL.
Sau khI fhuc fhI phaf bIou 8QL, kof qua fra vo so mau fIn va fong so mau fIn duoc Iay ra fu
bang.
au ` cho phop Ioc mau fIn voI faf ca cac fruong frong bang, nou muon chI ro nhung fruong nao
can Ioc ban can nou fon cu fho nhung fruong do.
o fIon fham khao frong gIao frnh nay chung foI su dung mof phan co so du IIou co san cua
My8QL, dong fhoI bo sung fhom co so du IIou danh cho ung dung ban hang qua mang.
Co so du IIou ban hang qua mang co fon Ia Tcst, va bao gom nhIou bang. ang phaf bIou
8ELECT chung fa co fho bIof so bang hay doI fuong khac dang co frong co so du IIou Tcst

VI du 8-2: Thuc th phut beu SQL SKLKCT he thong

:Dcw tr-:
1rc. T-:t
1 Hicn tbj tat ca tcn bang cua co so Ju /icu bicn banb 1

Kof qua fra vo danh sach bang nhu sau:

TAIS_IN_TST
--------------------------------------
trCcoDtri-:
trJrciD-:
trAotDcr:

trJy.-Dt
trt-.:icD
trCo:tc.-r:
tr:c1twr-

Gh chu:
Ban co tbc su Jung pbat bicu 8QL trcn Jc bicn tbj nbung Joi tuong trong co so Ju /icu, bang cacb tbay
tbc cac tbam so oa Jicu kicn.
Cu phup don gun
:--t *
Frc. tr-D.-
1 Loc tat ca so /icu cua tat ca cac cot (jic/J cua tab/cnamc1

:--t 1i-c,1i-c2
Frc. tr-D.-
1 Loc tat ca so /icu cua 2 jic/J. jic/J1, jic/J2 cua tab/cnamc1

:--t *
Frc. tr-D.-
Li.it D,D
1 Loc top 10 mau tin Jau ticn cua tat ca cac jic/J cua tab/cnamc1

:--t 1i-c, 1i-c2
Frc. tr-D.-
Li.it D,D
1 Loc top 10 mau tin Jau ticn cua 2 jic/Js jic/J1, jic/J2 cua

tab/cnamc1

VI du 8-3: phut beu phut beu SQL dung Select

:--t *
Frc. trCcoDtri-:
1 Lict kc tat ca cac quoc gia trong bang tb/Countrics boac ban co tbc /ict kc tcn nbu pbat bicu sau 1

:--t CcoDtryN.-
Frc. trCcoDtri-:

Kof qua fra vo nhu sau:

CcoDtryCcc- CcoDtryN.-

VNA Vi-tD.
:NC :iDcr-
L:: LDit-c :tt-c
LKL LDit-c KiDcc.
CFF C-r.Dy
CA\ C.rcci
TIA TDi LDc
\AL \y:i
NC DccD-:i
CIN CDiD

5.2.3. Phut beu SQL dung SKLKCT vo menh de Where
KhI ban dung monh do WHEPE do fao non fIou chuan can Ioc mau fIn fhoo fIou chuan duoc
djnh nghIa, fhong fhuong WHEPE dung cof |fruong) do so sanh voI gIa frj, cof khac, hay bIou fhuc
chua cof |fruong) baf ky co frong bang. Phaf bIou 8QL dang 8c/cct voI monh do Wbcrc cu phap co
dang nhu sau:

:--t *
1rc. tr-D.-
wD-r- cDciticD:

:--t 1i-c, 1i-c2, 1i-c
1rc. tr-D.-
wD-r- cDciticD:
VoI conJitions frong ca haI phaf bIou fron duoc djnh nghIa dIou kIon fruy van nhu khaI bao sau:

:--t *
Frc. tr-D.-
wD-r- 1i-c>D

:--t *
1rc. trCcoDtri-:
wD-r- CcoDtryCcc- iD(`VNA`,`CIN`}

Cuc phep toun so sunh trong conJilions buo gom:
> : Ion hon vhoro Amounf > 100000;
< : nho hon vhoro Amounf < 100000;
>= : Ion hon hoac bang vhoro Amounf >= 100000;
>= : nho hon hoac bang vhoro Amounf <= 100000;
= : bang vhoro CusfI=12';

!= : Khac vhoro CusfI!='12';
<> : Khac vhoro CusfI<>'12';

Cuc phep toun Iogic co the su dung trong conJilions

anJ : Phop foan "anJ"

:FLFCT *
FFO\ trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt.>DDDDD
ADc Co:tL`2`;

Or : Phop foan "or"

:FLFCT *
FFO\ trOrc-rL-ti:
'D-r- A.coDt.>DDDDD
Or Co:tL2;

Not : Phop foan phu djnh |not)

:FLFCT *
FFO\ trOrc-r:
wD-r- Orc-rLt- i: Dct Do;

Not in : Phop foan phu djnh |not in)

:FLFCT *
FFO\ trOrc-r:
wD-r- Orc-rL Dct iD (2,c};

Bctuccn: Kof qua fhuoc frong mIon gIa frj

:FLFCT *
FFO\ trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt r-tw--D D
ADc cDD;

Likc : Phop foan so sanh gan gIong, su dung dau % do fho hIon fhay fho bang ky fu daI
dIon

:FLFCT *
FFO\ trCo:tc.-r:
wD-r- Co:tN.- i- À`;

Not Likc : Phop foan phu djnh so sanh gan gIong, su dung dau % do fho hIon fhay fho
bang ky fu daI dIon

:FLFCT *
FFO\ trCo:tc.-r:
wD-r- Co:tN.- Dct i- À`;

IN : Phop foan so sanh frong mof fap hop

:FLFCT *
FFO\ trOrc-r:
'D-r- Orc-rL iD (`DD`,`2DD`,`DD`};

VI du 8-5: VI du ve SQL dung SKLKCT vu Where

1 > . /on bon 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt > DDDDD;

1 < . nbo bon 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt < DDDDD;

1 >= . /on bon boac bang 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt > DDDDD;

1 >= . nbo bon boac bang 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt < DDDDD;

1 = . bang 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- Co:tL2;

1 != .Kbac 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- Co:tL .2;

1 <> . Kbac 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- Co:tL <>2;

1 !> . Kbong /on bon 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt .> DDDDD;

1 !< . Kbong nbo bon 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt .< DDDDD;

-- Cac phop foan IogIc
1 anJ . Pbcp toan oa 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:

'D-r- A.coDt .>DDDDD
ADc Co:tL2;

1 Or . Pbcp toan boac 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt .>DDDDD
Or Co:tL2;

1 Not . Pbcp toan pbu Jjnb 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- Orc-rLt- i: NOT NLLL;

1 Bctuccn. gia trj nam trong micn 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt
F-tw--D D Dc cDD;

1 Likc . Pbcp toan so sanb gan giong, su Jung Jau %
Jc tbc bicn tbay tbc bat ky ky tu 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- L-:riicD i- À`
Or Co:tL `c2`;

1 Not Likc . Pbcp toan pbu Jjnb so sanb gan giong,
su Jung Jau % Jc tbc bicn tbay tbc bat ky ky tu 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- L-:riicD Dct i- À`
Or Co:tL `c2`;

1 IN . Pbcp toan so sanb trong mot tap bop 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- Orc-rL iD (`4`,`244`,`4`};

1 Not IN . Pbcp toan pbu Jjnb so sanb trong mot tap bop 1

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- Orc-rL Dct iD (`4`,`244`,`4`};


5.2.4. Menh de Order by
Thong fhuong, frong khI fruy van mau fIn fu bang du IIou, kof qua hIon fhj can sap xop fhoo
chIou fang hay gIam dua fron ky fu ALPHABET. Nhung ban cung co fho sap xop fhoo mof fIou chuan
baf ky, chang han nhu bIou fhuc.
KhI sap xop du IIou frnh bay frong kof qua, can phaI chon fruong hay bIou fhuc fhoo fraf fu
fang dan hoac gIam dan.
Cu phap cho monh do OPDEP BY cung voI frang fhaI fang hay gIam, ung voI A8C sap xop
fang dan, DE8C gIam dan.
Cu phup co dung nhu suu:

Orc-r ry co.DD.- LF:C
Orc-r ry co.DD.- + co.DD.-2 LF:C
Orc-r ry co.DD.- A:C
Orc-r ry co.DD.- A:C, co.DD.-2 LF:C

VI du 8-6: SKLKCT vo menh de Order by OKSC

1-- Giam Jan tbco tboi gian 1
:--t Orc-rL , Orc-rLt-, Co:tL, A.coDt
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt >DDD
Orc-r ry Orc-rLt- LF:C


Orc-rL Orc-rLt- Co:tL A.coDt

2DDD'2D 2 .24
2DDD'2D 2 2.c4
t 2DDD'' 2 '.'
c 2DDD' 2 c.c.t
4 2DDD' 2 c.c'.t4
2 2DDD't 2 .D
2DDD't 2 .cc.ct
2DDD't 4c'.c2c
2DDD'c .4D.D
2 2DDD'c .4c2DD

VI du 8-?: SQL dung SKLKCT vo menh de Order by vu ASC
1-- Tang Jan tbco tboi gian 1
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt >DDD
Orc-r ry Orc-rLt- A:C

Kof qua fra vo nhu sau


D 2DDD'Dc D 2.'D.ct
D2 2DDD'Dc D 4.t.ct
D 2DDD'Dc D c.D.D2
D4 2DDD'D D 2.cc.c
Dc 2DDD'D t ..4
Dt 2DDD'D t 2t.DDD
' 2DDD'D 2 cc.tt

2' 2DDD'D 4tt.cDD
D 2DDD' t t.2
2 2DDD' 2 4c'.t2

Nou muon sap xop fhoo nhIou cof |fruong), chI can su dung dau phay |,) do phan cach cac cof.
VI du 8-?: SKLKCT vo menh de Order by vo 2 cot du leu

Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt >DDD
Orc-r ry Orc-rL,Co:tL LF:C



2DDD't 4c'.c2c
D 2DDD'c c.2D
2' 2DDD'D 4tt.cDD
2 2DDD'c 4c.2DD
2 2DDD'4 tD.D
2t 2DDD' 2D.DDD
2c 2DDD' 244.'D4
24 2DDD'2 .t.22
2 2DDD' 2 4c'.t2
' 2DDD'D 2 cc.tt

Nou muon sap xop fhoo nhIou fruong kof hop, chI can dung fhu fu fung cof cach nhau bang dau
+.
VI du 8-8: SKLKCT vo menh de Order by hop 2 cot

1-- Giam Jan tbco so OrJcrID oa CustID 1
Frc. trOrc-r:
'D-r- A.coDt >DDD
Orc-r ry Orc-rL + Co:tL LF:C



2DDD't 4c'.c2c
D 2DDD'c c.2D
2' 2DDD'D 4tt.cDD
2 2DDD'c 4c.2DD
2 2DDD'4 tD.D
2t 2DDD' 2D.DDD
2c 2DDD' 244.'D4
24 2DDD'2 .t.22
2 2DDD' 2 4c'.t2
' 2DDD'D 2 cc.tt

Nou frong phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT co nhIou bang kof hop IaI voI nhau, ban co fho dung
fhom fon bang ung voI cof cua bang do. Phan nay so duoc dIon gIaI cu fho hon frong phan ko fIop
|JOIN -Phop hop).

5.2.5. SQL dung SKLKCT vo menh de GROP BY
KhI fruy van mau fIn fron mof hay nhIou bang du IIou, fhong fhuong co nhung nghIop vu fhuoc
fruong nao do co cung gIa frj, v du khI hIon fhj hop dong phaf sInh frong fhang, kof qua so co nhIou
hop dong cua khach hang Iap dI Iap IaI nhu v du 8-9.
VI du 8-9: SQL dung SKLKCT vo menh de Order by

:--t Co:tL, A.coDt
1rc. trOrc-r:

VoI phaf bIou fron kof qua fra vo nhu sau:

Co:tL A.coDt

D 2.'D.ct
D 4.t.ct
D c.D.D2
D 2.ccc4
t .D4.4
t 2t.DDD
t .t.t2
t .tDD.DDD
t 'c..''
t 't.D4.22
t 4D.D.4
2
2 c.ccc.t
2 c.c'.t4
2 cc..t
2 '.'.4'
2 .24.'
2 2.cD.D4
2 c.ct.tt
2 4c'.t2
t.2.t2
244.'D4
2D.DDD
tD.D
.4c2.DDD
4.ttc.DD
.c.2DD
4c'.c2c

Trong bao cao chung fa IaI can phaI bIof moI khach hang co bao nhIou Ian fra fIon, fong so fIon
cua moI khach hang da fra Ia bao nhIou7
o Iam dIou nay, chung fa su dung monh do GPOUP BY frong phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT
cung voI mof so ham frong My8QL, ban fham khao v du 8-10 duoc frnh bay chI fIof fu v du 4-8
nhung nhom mau fIn bang monh do Group By.
VI du 8-10: SQL dung SKLKCT vo menh de Group By

:--t Co:tL, coDt (Co:tL},
:o.(A.coDt}
Frc. trOrc-r:
Crco ry Co:tL
Orc-r ry Co:tL


Co:tL

t 2.'ct.ct2.t
2 ' .4.D22.tD4
4c.'.
D 4 2.2.D4

5.3.
5.3.1.
Cuc hum thong dung trong MySQL
Cuc hum trong phut beu GROB BY
Ham AVG: Ham fra vo gIa frj bnh quan cua cof hay fruong frong cau fruy van, v du nhu
phaf bIou sau:

:--t AVC(A.coDt}
Frc. trOrc-r:

Ham MIN: Ham fra vo gIa frj nho nhaf cua cof hay fruong frong cau fruy van, v du nhu
phaf bIou sau:

:--t \iD(A.coDt}
Frc. trOrc-r:

Ham MAX: Ham fra vo gIa frj Ion nhaf cua cof hay fruong frong cau fruy van, v du nhu cac
phaf bIou sau:

:--t \(A.coDt}
Frc. trOrc-r:

Ham Count: Ham fra vo so Iuong mau fIn frong cau fruy van fron bang, v du nhu cac phaf
bIou sau:

:--t coDt(*}
Frc. trOrc-r:

:--t coDt(Co:tL}
Frc. trOrc-r:

:--t coDt(*}
Frc. trOrc-rL-ti:

Ham 8um: Ham fra vo fong cac gIa frj cua fruong, cof frong cau fruy van, v du nhu cac phaf
bIou sau:

:--t :o.(A.coDt}
Frc. trOrc-r:

Chang han, ban co fho fham khao dIon gIaI foan bo cac ham dung frong monh do GPOUP BY.
VI du 8-11: SQL dung SKLKCT vo Group By vu cuc hum

:--t Co:tL,
CcoDt (Co:tL},:o.(A.coDt},
\(A.coDt},
\iD(A.coDt},
A(A.coDt}
Frc. trOrc-r:
Crco ry Co:tL

Orc-r ry Co:tL


Co:tL

t 2'ctct2t .'c'' 2tDDD 422ttDc2
2 ' 4D22tD4 ''4' 4c't2 42DD2c
4c' .t2t2 2DDDD 2'2.2c
D 4 22D4 4tct 2'Dct D'cD

5.3.2. Cuc hum xu ly chuo
Ham A8CII: Ham fra vo gIa frj ma A8CII cua ky fu bon fraI cua chuoI, v du nhu khaI bao:

:--t A:C(`TO`}

4
Ham Cbar: Ham nay chuyon doI kIou ma A8CII fu so nguyon sang dang chuoI:

:--t Dr(c}


=
Ham UPPEP: Ham nay chuyon doI chuoI sang kIou chu hoa:

:--t LJJFF(`KDD`}


KIANC
Ham LOWEP: Ham nay chuyon doI chuoI sang kIou chu fhuong:

:--t LO'FF(`KDD`}


DD
Ham Lcn: Ham nay fra vo chIou daI cua chuoI:

:--t -D(` Lc- Yco`}


D
Thu fuc LTPIM: Thu fuc IoaI bo khoang frang bon fraI cua chuoI:

:--t tri.(` KDD`}


`DD`

Thu fuc PTPIM: Thu fuc IoaI bo khoang frang bon phaI cua chuoI:

:--t tri.(`KDD `}


`DD`
Ham Lcjt: Ham fra vo chuoI bon fraI fnh fu dau cho don vj fr fhu n:

:--t -1t(`KDD`,}

`KD`
Ham Pigbt: Ham fra vo chuoI bon phaI fnh fu cuoI cho don vj fr fhu n:

:--t FiDt(`KID`,4}


ÌD`
Ham Instr: Ham fra vo vj fr chuoI baf dau cua chuoI con frong chuoI xof:

:--t N:TF (`KDD`,`JD. Ioo KDD`}


11 Ia fuong duong vj fr fhu 11 cua chu Kbang frong chuoI Pbam Huu Kbang
5.3.3. Cuc hum ve xu ly tho gun
Ham CurDatc|): Ham fra vo ngay, fhang va nam hIon hanh cua ho fhong:

:--t orct-(} : `Tccy i:


Tccy i:

2DD2

Ham CurTimc|): Ham fra vo gIo, phuf va gIay hIon hanh cua ho fhong:

:--t orti.-(} : `Ti.- i:


Ti.- i:

D':2:Dc

Ham PcrioJ_Dijj: Ham fra vo so ngay frong khoang fhoI gIan gIua 2 ngay:

:--t
J-ricc_ci11 (Orc-rLt-, -tct-(}}

: `:c Dy io Dy tDo ti-D -D Dc. Dy:`
1rc. trOrc-r:


:c Dy io Dy tDo ti-D -D Dc. Dy:

4
2

Ham Jayojmontb: Ham Jayojmontb fra vo ngay fhu may frong fhang:
:--t cyc1.cDtD(orct-(}}
: `Dc. Dy Dy

2

NgoaI cac ham frnh bay nhu fron, ban co fho fm fhay nhIou ham xu Iy vo fhoI gIan frong
phan Funtions xuaf hIon bon phaI man hnh cua frnh dIou khIon nhu hnh 8-6.

Hnh 8-6: Su dung chuc nang IuncIfons

5.3.4. Cuc hum ve toun hoc
Ham sqrt: Ham fra vo Ia can baf haI cua mof bIou fhuc:
:--t :_rt (4}

Kof qua fra vo Ia

2

Ham PounJ: Ham fra vo Ia so Iam fron cua mof bIou fhuc:

:--t rcoDc (4.c,}

Kof qua fra vo Ia

cDD
o fham khao fhom mof so ham khac ban co fho fham khao frong phan Functions nhu hnh
8-9.
5.4. Phut beu SQL dung Select vo AS
KhI can fhIof phaI fhay doI fon fruong nao do frong cau fruy van, ban chI can dung phaf bIou
A8. A8 cho phop anh xa fon cu, hay gIa frj chua co fon fhanh fon moI |bcaJcr).
V du, khI su dung GPOUP BY o frong phan fron, nhung cof fao ra fu cac phop foan count,
sum, max, min, ... cho ra kof qua khong co bcaJcr, nghIa Ia khong co fon cof do fham chIou frong khI
goI don chung. Chung fa phaI can phaf bIou A8 cho nhung fruong hop nay.
VI du 4-11: SQL dung SKLKCT vo AS vu cuc hum

:--t Co:tL,
CcoDt (Co:tL} : Nc,
:o.(A.coDt} : TFNIL,
\(A.coDt} : ILLONNIAT,
\iD(A.coDt} : ILNIONIAT,
A(A.coDt} : TFLNCFNI
Frc. trOrc-r:
Crco ry Co:tL
Orc-r ry Co:tL

Kof qua hIon fhj nhu sau:

Co:tL Nc TFNIL ILLONNIAT ILNIONIAT TFLNCFNI

t 2'ctct2t .'c'' 2tDDD 422ttDc2
2 ' 4D22tD4 ''4' 4c't2 42DD2c
4c' .t2t2 2DDDD 2'2.2c
D 4 22D4 4tct 2'Dct D'cD

5.5. Phut beu SQL dung Select vo Lmt N , M
Phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT cho phop fruy Iuc chI mof so mau fIn fnh fu vj fr fhu n don vj
fr fhu m frong Tab/c |fhoo mof fIou chuan hay sap xop nao do). o Iam dIou nay, frong phaf bIou
8QL dang 8ELECT ban dung chI djnh fu khoa LIMIT voI so Iuong mau fIn can Iay fu vj fr fhu n
don m.
Chang han, frong fruong hop ban khaI bao 8c/cct ` jrom tb/OrJcrs /imit 0,10. Kof qua so fra vo
10 mau fIn dau fIon frong bang tb/OrJcrs.
an cung co fho su dung kof hop LIMIT voI cac monh do nhu WHEPE, OPDEP BY nham fao
ra kof qua nhu y muon.
o you cau khac nhau fhong qua phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT co su dung LIMIT, nghIa Ia kof
qua fra vo so Iuong 10 mau fIn dau fIon voI faf ca cac cof frong bang tb/OrJcrs
VI du 8-12: Phut beu SQL dung SKLKCT vo Lmt N,M

:--t *
Frc. trOrc-r:
Li.it D,D


D 2DDD'Dc D 2'Dct
D2 2DDD'Dc D 4tct
D 2DDD'Dc D cDD2
D4 2DDD'D D 2.ccc4
Dc 2DDD'D t .D44
Dt 2DDD'D t 2tDDD
D 2DDD' t tt2
D 2DDD'2 t tDDDDD
D' 2DDD' t .'c''
D 2DDD'4 t '.tD422

Nou muon Ioc ra 10 hop dong co so fIon nhIou nhaf, ban chI can su dung sap xop fhoo cof
Tota/Amount hay Amount frong bang tb/OrJcrs.
VI du 8-13: Phut beu SQL dung SKLKCT vo Lmt N,M

:--t Orc-rL,Orc-rLt-,Co:tL,A.coDt
Frc. trOrc-r:
Orc-r ry A.coDt L-:
Li.it D,D



Dt 2DDD'D t 2tDDD
2t 2DDD' 2DDDD
2c 2DDD' 244'D4
2 2DDD' 2 4c't2
2DDD't 4c'c2c
2 2DDD'4 tDD
2 2DDD'c 4c2DDD
D 2DDD'c c2DD
D 2DDD' t tt2
D 2DDD'Dc D 2'Dct

Nou muon Ioc ra 10 san pham co so Iuong ban nhIou nhaf, ban chI can su dung sap xop fhoo
cof so Iuong Qtty.
VI du 8-14: Phut beu SQL dung Select vo Lmt N,M

:--t t-.L,Qtty,Jri-,A.coDt
1rc. trOrc-rL-ti:
'D-r- A.coDt>D
crc-r ry Qtty
Li.it D,D


t-.L Qtty Jri- A.coDt

'DD 2DDD 2'tDDDD

2 DDD 2DDD 44DDDDD
cDDD 2DDD 2DDDDDD
tDDD 2DDD t4DDDDD
4 DDD 2DDD c2DDDDD
4 DDD 2DDD c2DDDDD
4 DDD DDDD c2DDDDD
c 'DDD 2DDD 2'tDDDDD

5.6. Phut beu SQL dung SKLKCT vo OSTNCT
Nou co mof hay nhIou bang kof noI voI nhau, so xay ra frung Iap nhIou mau fIn. Nhung frong
fruong hop nay ban chI can Iay ra mof mau fIn frong fap mau fIn frung Iap, ban su dung phaf bIou
8QL dang 8ELECT voI chI djnh DI8TINCT.
VI du 8-14: Phut beu SQL dung SKLKCT

:--t t-.L,Qtty,Jri-,A.coDt
1rc. trOrc-rL-ti:
crc-r ry Qtty



'DD 2DDD 2'tDDDD
2 DDD 2DDD 44DDDDD
cDDD 2DDD 2DDDDDD
tDDD 2DDD t4DDDDD
4 DDD 2DDD c2DDDDD
4 DDD 2DDD c2DDDDD
4 DDD DDDD c2DDDDD

...
...

VI du 8-15: Phut beu SQL dung SKLKCT vo OSTNCT

:--t Li:tiDt t-.L,Qtty,Jri-,A.coDt
Frc. trOrc-rL-ti:
Orc-r ry Qtty

Kof qua IoaI bo nhung mau fIn frung Iap nhu sau:


'DD 2DDD 2'tDDDD
2 DDD 2DDD 44DDDDD
tDDD 2DDD t4DDDDD
4 DDD 2DDD c2DDDDD
...
...
...


5.7.
5.7.1.
Nhup du leu bung phut beu SQL dung nsert
KhI can fhom mau fIn vao bang frong co so du IIou My8QL, ban co nhIou cach do fhuc hIon
cong vIoc nay. Trong Visua/ Basic 6.0, VB.NET, C 8barp hay Jaoa co nhung phuong fhuc do fhom
mau fIn vao bang frong co so du IIou. Tuy nhIon, do su dung cac phaf bIou 8QL mang fnh chuyon
nghIop frong My8QL, ban can su dung phaf bIou IN8EPT.
an co fho su dung phaf bIou Inscrt ngay fron ung dung kof noI voI My8QL. Trong fruong hop
ban su dung co so du IIou 8QL 8crocr hay Orac/c, ban co fho fao ra mof 8torcJ ProccJurc voI muc
dch IN8EPT du IIou vao bang chI djnh fruoc.
KhI fhom du IIou, can chu y kIou du IIou gIong hoac fuong ung kIou du IIou da khaI bao cua cof
do, nou khong phu hop fh IoI so phaf sInh.
NgoaI ra ban can quan fam don quyon cua Uscr dang fruy cap co so du IIou. Uscr phaI duoc cap
quyon Inscrt du IIou vao fung bang cu fho |quyon nay do nha quan frj co so du IIou phan quyon cho
Uscr do).
Trong phaf bIou IN8EPT INTO chung foI fhuc hIon fron bang tb/OrJcrDctai/s va bang
tb/OrJcrDctai/sHist, haI bang nay co cau fruc nhu sau:

1 Bang tb/OrJcrDctai/s1
CFFATF TAFLF trcrc-rc-ti: (
t-.L iDt(} oD:iD-c LFFALLT `D` ,
Orc-rL iDt(} oD:iD-c LFFALLT `D` ,
Nc tiDyiDt(} oD:iD-c LFFALLT `D` ,
Qtty iDt(} oD:iD-c LFFALLT `D` ,
Jri- iDt(} oD:iD-c LFFALLT `D` ,
Li:coDt iDt(} oD:iD-c LFFALLT `D` ,
A.coDt riiDt(} oD:iD-c LFFALLT `D`
};

1 Bang tb/OrJcrDctai/sHist, Jung Jc cbua cac tbong tin
bop Jong cbi tict kbi bop Jong cua kbacb bang nay kct tbuc,
cbuong trnb tu Jong xoa trong tb/OrJcrDctai/s oa /u tru /ai
trong bang tb/OrJcrDctai/sHist.1

CFFATF TAFLF trcrc-rc-ti:Di:t (
};

KhI Inscrt du IIou vao bang, co 3 fruong hop xay ra: inscrt du IIou vao bang fu cac gIa frj cu
fho, inscrt vao bang Iay gIa frj fu mof hay nhIou bang khac, va cuoI cung Ia kof hop ca haI fruong
hop fron.
nsert vuo bung luy gu tr{ cu the:

N:FFT NTO <Tr-D.-><co.DD.- i:t>_
Vo-: (ct_o-}

VI du 8-16: NSKRT du leu vuo bung tu gu tr{ cu the

1 Tbcm mau tin ooi mot so cot 1

N:FFT NTO
TFLCL:TO\FF:
(Co:tN.-,L:-rD.-,J::wcrc,
Accr-::,T-,FNc,F.i,CcDtt,
CcoDtryCcc-,JrciD-Ccc-}
Vo-: (`KDD :D CFNTLFY`, -Dtory,
,c L- Lci,ttt,ttt,
-DtorycyDcc.c.,IcD ADD,
VNA,IC\}

1 Tbcm mau tin ooi mot so cot 1

N:FFT NTO
TFLOFLFF:(Orc-rL,Orc-rLt-,
Co:tL,L-:riticD,A.coDt}
Vo-: (``,orct-(},`,
`Lt DD _o .D`, 2DDDD}

5.7.2. nsert vuo bung luy gu tr{ tu bung khuc:

:--t co.DD.- i:t_
Frc. <Tr-D.-2>
'D-r- <CcDciticD:>

VI du 8-1?: NSKRT vuo bung tu gu tr{ cuu bung khuc

1 Tbcm mau tin ooi cac cot cu tbc 1
1 Cbuycn tat ca nbung bop Jong cbi tict tu bang
tb/OrJcrDctai/s oao bang tb/OrJcrDctai/sHist 1

N:FFT NTO
TFLOFLFFLFTAL:I:T(
t-.L,
Orc-rL,
Nc,
Qtty,
Jri-,
Li:coDt,
A.coDt}

:FLFCT
t-.L,
Orc-rL,
Nc,
Qtty,
Jri-,
Li:coDt,
A.coDt
Frc. trOrc-rL-ti:
OFLFF FY Orc-rL A:C

1 Co tbc oict /ai tbcm mau tin ooi tat ca cac cot nbu sau
Cbuycn tat ca nbung bop Jong cbi tict tu bang tb/OrJcrDctai/s oao bang tb/OrJcrDctai/sHist ooi Jicu
kicn so cot tuong ung trong bang tb/OrJcrDctai/s bang ooi so cot trong bang tb/OrJcrDctai/sHist, ban co
tbc oict /ai nbu sau 1

N:FFT NTO TFLOFLFFLFTAL:I:T
:FLFCT * 1rc.
trOrc-rL-ti:
OFLFF FY Orc-rL A:C

5.7.3. nsert vuo bung luy gu tr{ cu the, bung khuc:

:--t co.DD.- i:t_, o-:i:t
Frc. <Tr-D.-2>
'D-r- <cDciticD:>
OFLFF FY <co.D D.-> A:CLF:C
VI du 8-18: NSKRT vuo bung tu gu tr{ cu the, bung khuc

1 Tbcm mau tin ooi cac cot cu tbc 1
1 Cbuycn tat ca nbung bop Jong cbi tict tu bang tb/OrJcrDctai/s oao bang tb/OrJcrDctai/sHist. Gia su
rang, ngoai nbung cot giong nbu tb/OrJcrDctai/s, bang tb/OrJcrDctai/sHist con co tbcm cot TranjcrJatc.
1

N:FFT NTO
TFLOFLFF:I:T(
Orc-rL,
Orc-rLt-,
F--i-Fcic,
Co:tL,
L-:riicD,
A.coDt,
Ii:tcryct-}

:FLFCT
Orc-rL,
Orc-rLt-,
F--i-Fcic,
Co:tL,
L-:riicD,
A.coDt,
-tct-(} : Ii:tcryct-
Frc. trOrc-r:
wD-r- \cDtD(Orc-rLt-}2
Orc-r ry Orc-rLt-,Co:tL

1 Co tbc oict /ai tbcm mau tin ooi tat ca cac cot nbu sau 1
1 Cbuycn tat ca nbung pbicu tbu trong tbang 12 tu bang tb/OrJcrs oao bang tb/OrJcrsHist ooi Jicu kicn
so cot tuong ung trong bang tb/OrJcrs bang ooi so cot trong bang tb/OrJcrsHist, ban co tbc oict /ai nbu
sau 1

N:FFT NTO
TFLOFLFFLFTAL:I:T(
t-.L,
Orc-rL,
Nc,
Qtty,
Jri-,
Li:coDt,
A.coDt,TrD1-rLt-}

:FLFCT
t-.L,

Orc-rL,
Nc,
Qtty,
Jri-,
Li:coDt,
A.coDt,CorLt-(}
Frc. trOrc-rL-ti:
OFLFF FY Orc-rL A:C

5.8. Phut beu SQL dung POATK
Phaf bIou 8QL dang UPDATE dung cap nhaf IaI du IIou da fon faI frong bang. KhI UPDATE
dung cap nhaf du IIou cho mof mau fIn chI djnh nao do fhuong UPDATE su dung chung voI monh do
WHEPE.
Nou can cap nhaf faf ca cac mau fIn frong bang ban co fho bo monh do WHEPE. Phaf bIou nay
co cau fruc nhu sau:

1 ncu cap nbat gia trj cu tbc 1
Lct- <tr- D.->
:-t <co.D><o->,<co.D><o->_
wD-r- <r-:triti- cDciticD:>_

1 ncu cap nbat gia trj /a kct qua tra oc tu pbat bicu
sc/cct trcn mot bay nbicu bang kbac 1

Lct- <tr- D.->
:-t <co.D><:--t .. 1rc. tr-D.- wD-r- ...>
wD-r- <r-:triti- cDciticD:>_

UPDATE co fho anh huong don nhIou bang, nhung cap nhaf gIa frj chI co hIou Iuc fron bang
do, ban co fho fham khao phan nay frong chuong ko fIop JOIN TABLE.
Cap nhaf gIa frj cu fho vao mof hay nhIou cof mInh hoa frong v du 8-18 sau:

VI du 8-18: POATK tren cuc cot du leu tu gu tr{ cu the

1 cap nbat cot ooi gia trj cu tbc 1

Lct- trCo:tc.-r:
:-t Co:tN.-`CcD ty TNII Cc c Vi-tD.`
'D-r- Co:tL2

1 cap nbat mot cot ooi gia trj cot kbac trong bang
tb/OrJcrDctai/s1

Lct- trOrc-r:
:-t A.coDt A.coDt*.D,
TctA.coDtA.coDt*D.
'D-r- \cDtD(Orc-rLt-}2

1 cap nbat mot cot ooi gia trj tu bang kbac1
1 cap nbat cot Pricc ooi gia trj tu cot Cost cua bang tb/Itcms, kbai bao sau cbl Jung trong My8QL 4.1 tro
oc sau1

Lct- trOrc-rL-ti:

:-t Jri-
(:--t ci:tiDt Cc:t_
1rc. trt-.:
wD-r- t-.LtrOrc-rL-ti:.t-.L}
'D-r- Jri-<DDD

1 cap nbat mot cot ooi gia trj cu tbc ooi Jicu kicn tu bang kbac, , kbai bao sau cbl Jung trong My8QL
4.1 tro oc sau 1

Lct- trOrc-rL-ti:
:-t Jri- Jri-*D,
A.coDt Qtty*(Jri-+}
'D-r- t-.L iD
(:--t ci:tiDt t-.L
1rc. trOrc-rL-ti:
wD-r- Jri->DDD}

5.9. Phut beu SQL dung OKLKTK
VoI phaf bIou 8QL dang DELETE fh don gIan hon. KhI fhuc hIon Ionh xoa mau fIn frong bang
chung fa chI can quan fam don fon bang, va monh do WHEPE do xoa voI nhung mau fIn da chon Ioc
nou co. Cu phap cua Dc/ctc:

L--t- 1rc. <tr- D.->
'D-r- <cDciticD>
VoI monh do WHEPE gIong nhu baf ky monh do WHEPE nao frong phaf bIou 8ELECT hay
UPDATE va IN8EPT cua baf ky ung dung co so du IIou nao co su dung 8QL.
ConJitions co fho Ia phop foan gIua cac cof va gIa frj, nhung cung co fho gIa frj Ia kof qua fra
vo fu mof phaf bIou 8ELECT khac.
ChI chu: Khong co khaI nIom xoa gIa frj frong mof cof, v xoa gIa frj mof cof dong nghIa voI
cap nhaf cof do bang gIa frj rong.
VI du 8-19: Xou muu tn vo phut beu SQL dung OKLKTK

1 Xoa mau tin tu bang ooi Jicu kicn 1

L--t- 1rc. trCo:tc.-r:
'D-r- Co:tN.- i: Do

Trong fruong hop co rang buoc vo quan ho cua du IIou, fh xoa mau fIn phaI fuan fhu fhoo quy
fac: Xoa mau fIn con fruoc roI moI xoa mau fIn cha.
Chang han, frong fruong hop fa co 2 bang: hop dong ban hang |tb/OrJcrs) va hop dong ban
hang chI fIof |tb/OrJcrDctai/s).
o xoa mof hop dong ban can xoa mau fIn frong bang tb/OrJcrs fruoc roI moI don cac mau fIn
frong bang tb/OrJcrDctai/s.
VI du 8-20: Xou muu tn vo Oelete

1 Xoa mau tin tu bang con 1
L--t- 1rc. trOrc-rL-ti:
wD-r- Orc-rL2

1 Xoa mau tin tu bang cba 1
L--t- 1rc. trOrc-r:
wD-r- Orc-rL2

an co fho fhuc hIon mof phaf bIou 8QL dang DELETE voI dIou kIon frong monh do WHEPE
Iay gIa frj fra vo fu phaf bIou 8ELECT fu bang khac, khaI bao nhu vay chI co hIou Iuc frong co so du
IIou My8QL phIon ban 8.1 fro vo sau hay frong co so du IIou 8QL 8crocr va Orac/c.

VI du 8-21: Xou muu tn theo quy tuc co rung buoc quun he

1 Xoa mau tin tu bang ooi Jicu kicn /ay gia trj tu bang kbac 1
L--t- 1rc. trOrc-rL-ti:
wD-r- t-.L iD
(:--t t-.L
1rc. trt-.:
wD-r- t-.N.- i- `T`}

6. PHAT BK SQL OANG JON
NgoaI cac phaf bIou 8QL voI 4 dang fron, frong phan ko fIop, chung foI frnh bay mof so phaf
bIou 8QL dang 8c/cct do kof noI du IIou gIua cac bang co quan ho voI nhau, nhung phaf bIou so frnh
bay frong chuong 5 nhu:
Kbai nicm JOIN
Pbat bicu INNEP JOIN
Pbat bicu LEFTJOIN
Pbat bicu PIGHT JOIN
6.1. Khu nem ve quun he
o phaf frIon ung dung Wcb bang baf ky IoaI co so du IIou nao, gIaI doan phan fch fhIof ko ho
fhong cuc ky quan frong. Nou kof qua phan fch khong foI uu fh ung dung do khong fho daf duoc gIa
frj ky fhuaf cung nhu gIa frj fhuong maI. ThIof ko co so du IIou khong foI uu, chung co fho dan don
vIoc chuong frnh chay cham va khong bon vung.
Mof khI ung dung chay cham dI do co so du IIou khong foI uu fh raf co fho ban phaI fhIof ko
va xay dung IaI fu dau foan bo cau fruc cua chuong frnh va co so du IIou.
Xuaf phaf fu Iy do nay, khI xay dung mof ung dung fhong fIn quan Iy, chung fa can phaI qua
nhung buoc phan fch fhIof ko ho fhong ky Iuong do co duoc mo hnh quan ho va EPD fruoc khI don
cac mo hnh chuc nang chI fIof.
Tuy nhIon, frong Iy fhuyof mof so kIon fhuc co ban baf buoc ban phaI fhuc hIon fhoo mo hnh
ho fhong ung voI nhung quan ho foan von, nhung frong fhuc fo, do fnh dac fhu cua ung dung, fhuong
ban phaI fhIof ko IaI mo hnh fhoo nhu cau can doI gIua do phuc fap va fnh foI uu.
Trong ung dung ban hang qua mang Tcst da frnh bay frong chuong 3, khI quan fam don mof
hop dong fron mang, ngoaI nhung fhong fIn IIon Iac vo khach hang, ban can phaI Iuu fru du IIou
khac nhu chIof hang mua, phuong fhuc fra fIon, phuong fhuc gIao hang,... Van do duoc fhao Iuan o
day, moI hop dong co nh6u maf hang chI fIof.
Trong fruong hop nay, chung fa co 6 fhuc fho IIon quan nhu sau, fhuc fho danh muc Customcrs
|fhong fIn IIon Iac cua khach hang), OrJcrs |hop dong mua hang), OrJcrDctai/s |chI fIof hang mua),
Itcms |danh muc san pham).


So do 8-1: Mo hnh quan ho
CIa su rang khI nhap so IIou vao co so du IIou, ung voI hop dong co ma 101, cua khach hang co
fon Nguyon Van A, ... co haI san pham chI fIof: 11 |Nuoc ngof) va 32 |xa phong Lux).
Trong fruong hop nay ban dang co mof mau fIn hop dong frong bang tb/Customcrs, mof mau
fIn hop dong frong bang tb/OrJcrs va haI mau fIn frong bang tb/OrJcrDctai/s.
Nou muon bIof fhong fIn hop dong cua khach hang A, ro rang ban can dung phaf bIou 8ELECT
voI monh do kof hop fu 3 bang fron. Kof qua fra vo 2 mau fIn Ia su kof hop fhong fIn fu haI bang
tb/Customcrs, tb/OrJcrs va tb/OrJcrDctai/s.
KhI fhuc fhI phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT ung voI co so du IIou nhu fron ban phaI duyof qua
haI mau fIn.
Taf nhIon, khI vIof ung dung fh dIou nay chap nhan duoc, va co fho coI Ia foI uu. CIa su rang,
ung dung nay duoc phaf frIon fron WEB can Iuu fam don van do foI uu foc do fruy van fh sao7
NguoI fhIof ko co so du IIou frong fruong hop nay phaI fhay doI IaI cau fruc do fang foc do fruy
cap qua mang khI xu Iy fron co so du IIou cua nguoI dung.
1 - n
1 - n
1 - n
Ifoms
Ordor
ofaIIs
Ordors
Cusfomors
6.2. Khu nem ve menh de JON
Trong hau hof phaf bIou 8ELECT, phan Ion kof qua ma ban mong muon Iay vo dou co IIon
quan don mof hoac nhIou bang khac nhau. Trong fruong hop nhu vay, khI fruy van du IIou ban can su
dung monh do JOIN do kof hop du IIou fron haI hay nhIou bang IaI voI nhau.
KhI su dung JOIN, ban can quan fam don fruong |cof) nao frong bang fhu nhaf co quan ho voI
fruong |cof) nao frong bang fhu haI. Nou mo hnh quan ho cua ban khong foI uu hay khong dung,
quan frnh su dung JOIN so cho kof qua fra vo khong nhu y muon.
Tro IaI ung dung ban hang qua mang frong gIao frnh nay, khI xuaf mof hop dong ban hang
cho khach hang, fhoo fhIof ko frong co so du IIou chung fa co raf nhIou bang IIon quan don nhau.
Chang han, nou quan fam ban hang fh ban cho aI. Suy ra, IIon quan don fhong fIn khach
hang, ban san pham g cho ho fh IIon quan don ma san pham, nou khach hang fra fIon fh IIon quan
don phIou fhu, nou khach hang co cong no fh IIon quan don no ky fruoc...
Trong phan nay, chung foI fIop fuc fhIof ko mof so bang du IIou cung voI kIou du IIou fuong ung
va quan ho gIua cac bang duoc mo fa nhu sau:

trCo:tc.-r: (cDD :D DD DD)
Co:tL_ iDt otc_iDr-.-Dt Jri.ry -y,
Co:tN.-_ rDr_ (cD} NLLL ,
Accr-::_ rDr_ (DD} NLLL,
T-_ rDr_ (2D} NLLL,
FNc_ rDr_ (2D} NLLL,
F.i_ rDr_ (cD} NLLL,
CcDtt_ rDr_ (cD} NLLL
CcoDtry_ rDr_ (} NLLL,
JrciD-_ rDr_ (} NLLL
fbIOrdors |Hop dong ban hang)
Orc-rL_ iDt_ Nct Do
otc_iDr-.-Dt Jri.ry K-y,
Orc-rLt-_ ct-_ NLLL ,
Co:tL_ iDt ,
L-:riticD_ rDr_ (2DD} NLLL ,
:DiCc:t_ 1ct_ NLLL ,
TrDL_ tiDyiDt_ NLLL ,
Jy.-DtL_ tiDyiDt_ NLLL ,
A.coDt_ 1ct_ NLLL ,
TctA.coDt_ 1ct_ NLLL ,
fbIOrdorofaIIs |Hop dong ban hang chI fIof)
:orL_ iDt_ otc_iDr-.-Dt NOT NLLL ,
Orc-rL_ iDt ,
t-.L_ iDt,
Nc_ iDt,
Qtty_ iDt_ NLLL ,
Jri-_ iDt NLLL ,
Li:coDt_ Fct_ NLLL ,
A.coDt_ Fct_ NLLL
fbIIfoms |anh sach san pham)
t-.L_ iDt otc_iDr-.-Dt Jri.ry -y,
t-.N.-_ rDr_ (2DD} NLLL ,
LDit_ DrDr_ (2D} NLLL ,
Cc:t_ Fct_ NLLL ,
Ati-_ tiDyiDt_ NOT NLLL ,
Ct-cry_ iDt

an co fho fm fhay cac bang du IIou con IaI frong du IIou Tcst frong dIa dnh kom fhoo sach.
6.3. Menh de NNKR JON
Phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT co su dung monh do INNEP JOIN fhuong dung do kof hop haI
hay nhIou bang du IIou IaI voI nhau, cu phap cua 8ELECT co su dung monh do INNEP JOIN:

:FLFCT :FLFCT L:T_
FFO\ <FF:T_TAFLFNA\F>
NNFF .ON <:FCONL_TAFLFNA\F>
ON <.ON CONLTON>
'IFFF <CFTFFAN:>
OFLFF FY <COLL\N L:T>
A:C LF:C_

Nou ban can Iay ra mof so cof frong cac bang co kof noI IaI voI nhau bang monh do INNEP
JOIN fh cu phap nay vIof IaI nhu sau:

:FLFCT FFLL,FFLL2, ..._
FFO\ <FF:T_TAFLFNA\F>
NNFF .ON <:FCONL_TAFLFNA\F>

ON <.ON CONLTON>
'IFFF <CFTFFAN:>
OFLFF FY <COLL\N L:T>
A:C LF:C_

VI du 8-23: NNKR JON vo mot so cot ch d{nh
1 in ra Janb sacb kbacb bang mua bang trong tbang 10 1

:--t Co:tN.-,Orc-rL,
Orc-rLt-,A.coDt,
TctA.coDt
1rc. trCo:tc.-r:
iDD-r ciD trOrc-r:
cD trCo:tc.-r:.Co:tL trOrc-r:.Co:tL
wD-r- .cDtD (Orc-rLt-} D
crc-r ry Co:tN.-


Co:tN.- Orc-rL Orc-rLt- .. TctA.coDt

CFNTLFY Ict- 2DDD DDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- 4 2DDD c4DDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- t 2DDD DDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- 2DDD 44DDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- 2DDD 2'tDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- D 2DDD 2tDDDDDD
J: Ict- 2 2DDD 4D2DDDDD
J: Ict- ' 2DDD t4DDDDD
J: Ict- 2DDD ctDDDDDD
J: Ict- c 2DDD 2DDDDDD

Nou ban can Iay ra faf ca cac cof frong cac bang co kof noI IaI voI nhau bang monh do INNEP
JOIN, cu phap fron co fho vIof IaI nhu sau:

:FLFCT 1ir:t_tr-D.-.*,
:-cDc_tr-D.-.*
,D-t tr- D.-_
FFO\ <1ir:t_tr-D.->
NNFF .ON <:-cDc_tr-D.->
ON <ciD cDciticD:>
NNFF .ON <D-t_tr-D.->
ON <ciD cDciticD:>_
'IFFF <cDciticD:>
OFLFF FY <co.D i:t>
A:C LF:C_

VI du 8-24: NNKR JON vo tut cuc truong len quun

:--t Co:tL,Co:tN.-,Orc-rL,
Orc-rLt-,TctA.coDt
1rc. trCo:tc.-r:
iDD-r ciD trOrc-r:
OD TrCo:tc.-r:.Co:tLtrOrc-r:.Co:tL
wD-r- .cDtD (Orc-rLt-} D
crc-r ry Co:tN.- LF:C


Co:tL Co:tN.- .. Orc-rL ..TctA.coDt

J: Ict- .. .. ctDDDDDD
J: Ict- .. c .. 2DDDDDD
2 J: Ict- .. 2 . . 4D2DDDDD
2 J: Ict- .. ' .. t4DDDDD
t CFNTLFY Ict- .. .. DDDDD
t CFNTLFY Ict- .. 4 .. c4DDDDD
t CFNTLFY Ict- .. t .. DDDDD
t CFNTLFY Ict- .. .. 44DDDDD
t CFNTLFY Ict- .. .. 2'tDDDD
t CFNTLFY Ict- .. D .. 2tDDDDDD

Nou frong nhung bang can kof noI co fon fruong |cof) gIong nhau fh khI fhuc fhI phaf bIou
8QL dang 8ELECT phaI chI ro cof fhuoc bang nao. Trong fruong hop ca haI cung Iay du IIou ra fh
ban can chuyon anh xa fon khac cho cof fhong qua monh do A8, v du nhu:

:FLFCT 1ir:t_tr-D.-.Co:tL : CL:TL,
:-cDc_tr-D.-.Co:tL : CL:TL
FFO\ <1ir:t_tr-D.->
ON <ciD cDciticD>
'IFFF <rit-riD:>
OFLFF FY <co.D i:t>
A:C LF:C_

Nou frong nhung bang can kof noI do co fon fruong |cof) gIong nhau va khong duoc chI ro nhu
fruong hop fron khI khaI bao frong co so du IIou 8QL 8crocr, khI fhuc fhI phaf bIou 8QL dang
8ELECT ban so bj IoI, chang han nhu:

:FLFCT 1ir:t_tr-D.-.*, :-cDc_tr-D.-.*
FFO\ <1ir:t_tr-D.->
ON <ciD cDciticD>
'IFFF <rit-riD:>
OFLFF FY <co.D i:t>
A:C LF:C_

Sorvor: Msg 209, IocoI 16, Sfafo IIno 1
AmbIguous coIumn namo 'CusfI'

Tuy nhIon, voI phaf bIou fron ban co fho fhuc fhI frong co so du IIou My8QL. NgoaI ra, phaf
bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT su dung INNEP JOIN ban co fho anh xa |a/ias) fon cua bang fhanh fon
ngan gon do do fham chIou vo sau.
Thuc ra phaf bIou ALIA8 co y nghIa gIong nhu A8 voI fon cof frong bang fhanh fon cof khac
frong phaf bIou 8ELECT.

:--t .*,:.*
1rc. tr-D.-
iDD-r ciD tr-D.-2
OD tr-D.-.1i-c tr-D.-2.1i-c2

VI du 8-25: NNKR JON vo unh xu ten bung

:--t .Co:tN.-,
:.Orc-rL,:.Orc-rLt-,
:.TctA.coDt
1rc. trCo:tc.-r
iDD-r ciD trOrc-r: :
OD .Co:tL:.Co:tL
wD-r- .cDtD (:.Orc-rLt-} D
crc-r ry .Co:tN.- LF:C


Co:tN.- Orc-rL Orc-rLt- .. TctA.coDt
CFNTLFY Ict- 2DD
D .. DDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- 4 2DDD .. c4DDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- t 2DDD .. DDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- 2DDD .. 44DDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- 2DDD .. 2'tDDDD
CFNTLFY Ict- 2DDD .. 2tDDDDDD
J: Ict- 2 2DDD .. 4D2DDDDD
J: Ict- ' 2DDD .. t4DDDDD
J: Ict- 2DDD .. ctDDDDDD
J: Ict- c 2DDD .. 2DDDDDD

Taf nhIon, ban cung co fho vIof phaf bIou fron ung voI fung cof muon Iay ra bang cach khaI bao
fon cof.
6.4. Menh de LeIt Jon
Truong hop ban mong muon kof qua Iay ra frong haI bang kof hop nhau fhoo dIou kIon: Nhung
mau fIn bang bon fraI fon faI ung voI nhung mau fIn o bang bon phaI khong fon faI ban hay dung
monh do LEFT JOIN frong phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT, cu phap co dang:

:--t <Cco.D i:t>
1rc. -1ttr-D.-
LFFT .ON riDttr-D.-
cD -1ttr-D.-.1i-criDttr-D.-.1i-c2
'D-r- <cDciticD:>
Orc-r ry <co.D D.->
A:CLF:C

Chang han, ban chon ra faf ca cac san pham |voI cac cof) co hay khong co doanh so ban frong
fhang hIon faI. Mof so san pham khong ban frong fhang so co cof Amount co cof Amount gIa frj
NULL.

VI du 8-26: SKLKCT dung LKFT JON
1 in ra Janb sacb san pbam ban trong tbang 10 1

:--t t-.L,t-.N.-,A.coDt
1rc. trt-.:
-1t ciD trOrc-rL-ti:
cD trt-.:.t-.LtrOrc-rL-ti:.t-.L
crc-r ry A.coDt

t-.L t-.N.- A.coDt

2 A:'tDVJ NLLL

A:'tDVT NLLL
4 A:'ttDT 2DV T' 2'4D NLLL
4 A:'tcV 2DV T' 2'44D NLLL
c A:'tDVJ 22DV 4c NLLL
t A:'4c7T 2'tDDDD
A:'4cYT 2V 44DDDDD
A:'4cYT 22DV 2DDDDDD
' A:'4cYT 22DV t4DDDDD
2D A:'4c7T c2DDDDD
...
6.5. Menh de Rght Jon
Nguoc IaI voI phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT su dung monh do LEFT JOIN Ia phaf bIou 8QL
dang 8ELECT su dung monh do PIGHT JOIN so xuaf du IIou cua bang bon phaI cho du du IIou cua
bang bon fraI khong fon faI, cu phap co dang:

:--t <Cco.D i:t>
Frc. -1ttr-D.-
FCIT .ON riDttr-D.-
OD -1ttr-D.-.1i-criDttr-D.-.1i-c2
'D-r- <cDciticD:>
Orc-r ry <co.D D.->
A:CLF:C

Trong v du sau, ban co fho chon ra faf ca cac san pham co hay khong co doanh so ban frong
fhang hIon faI. Cac san pham khong fon faI doanh so ban so khong hIon ra.
VI du 8-2?: SKLKCT dung RGHT JON
1 in ra Janb sacb san pbam ban trong tbang ngay 17 1
1 trong pbat bicu 8ELECT nay co su Jung mcnb Jc
WHEPE su Jung pbat bicu 8ELECT kbac, kct qua cua 8ELECT trong mcnb Jc WHEPE tra oc mot mang
OrJcrID 1

:--t t-.N.-,Qtty,
Jri-,A.coDt
Frc. trt-.:
FiDt ciD trOrc-rL-ti:
OD trt-.:.t-.LtrOrc-rL-ti:.t-.L
'D-r- Orc-rL iD (2,4,2,c}

Orc-r ry t-.L


t-.N.- Qtty Jri- A.coDt

A:'4cYT 2V :LA2'cD DDD 2DDD c4DDDDD
A:'4cYT 2V :LA2'cD DDDD 2DDD 44DDDDDD
A:'4cYT 2V :LA 2'cD DDDD 2DDD 44DDDDD
A:'4cYT 2V :LA 2'cD DDDD 2DDD 44DDDDDD
A:'4cYT 2V :LA 2'cD DDD 2DDD c4DDDDD
A:'4cYT 2V :LA 2'cD DDDD 2DDD 44DDDDDD
A:'4cYT 2V :LA 2'cD DDD 2DDD c4DDDDD
A:'4cYT 22DV AFC 2'' tDDD 2DDD t4DDDDD
A:'4c7T 'DDD 2DDD 2'tDDDDD
A:'4c7T 'DDD 2DDD 2'tDDDDD
...


6.6. Phep toun hop (unon)
Union khong gIong nhu nhung monh do JOIN da gIoI fhIou fron day. Union Ia phop foan dung
do noI haI hay nhIou cau fruy van dang 8c/cct IaI voI nhau.
oI voI JOIN, ban co fho kof noI du IIou duoc fhuc hIon fhoo chIou ngang. oI voI Union ban
kof noI du IIou duoc fhuc hIon fhoo chIou doc.
o chon ra nhung khach hang fhuong xuyon frong tb/Customcrs, kof qua fra vo Ia danh sach
cac khach hang fhuong xuyon.
VI du 8-28: Khuch hung thuong xuyen trong tblCustomers

:--t Co:tL,Co:tN.-
1rc. trCo:tc.-r:


Co:tL Co:tN.-

N-w 'crc Ict-
2 KiDD Lc Ict-
t CFNTLFY Ict-
D JLA7A Ict-

o chon ra nhung khach hang vang IaI frong tb/TcmpCustomcrs, kof qua fra vo Ia danh sach
cac khach hang vang IaI.
VI du 8-29: Khuch hung vung lu trong tblTempCustomers

:--t Co:tL,Co:tN.-
1rc. trT-.Co:tc.-r:


Co:tL Co:tN.-

2 CcD ty Doc ii Dt 2COLA
24 CcD ty Doc ii Dt JFJ:
2c CcD ty Doc ii Dt FFLFLLK
2t CcD ty Doc ii Dt TFFCO

Nou dung phop foan UNION do kof noI haI bang fron, kof qua fra vo Ia danh sach ca haI IoaI
khach hang frong cung mof rccorJsct.
VI du 8-30: SKLKCT su dung phep hop NON

:--t Co:tL,Co:tN.-
Frc. trCo:tc.-r:

LNON

:--t Co:tL,Co:tN.-
Frc. trT-.Co:tc.-r:


Co:tL Co:tN.-

2 CcD ty Doc ii Dt 2COLA
24 CcD ty Doc ii Dt JFJ:
2c CcD ty Doc ii Dt FFLFLLK
2t CcD ty Doc ii Dt TFFCO
2 KiDD Lc Ict-
D JLA7A Ict-
t CFNTLFY Ict-
N-w 'crc Ict-

Gh chu: KhI su dung phop foan Union frong phaf bIou 8QL dang 8c/cct, ban can Iuu y cac quy
djnh sau:
Taf ca nhung fruy van frong UNION phaI cung so cof hay fruong. Nou fruy van fhu nhaf co
haI cof fh fruy van fhu haI duoc su dung UNION cung phaI co haI cof fuong fu.
KhI su dung UNION, nhung cof nao co fon cof hay b danh |aIIas) moI fh kof qua fra vo so
co fua do |bcaJcr) cua fung cof va fon Ia fon cof cua fruy van fhu nhaf.
KIou du IIou frong cac cof cua fruy van 2 fuong fhch voI kIou du IIou cac cof fuong ung frong
fruy van fhu nhaf.
Trong UNION ban co fho kof hop nhIou cau fruy van IaI voI nhau.
Kof qua hIon ra fhoo fhu fu cua fruy van fu duoI Ion fron.
6.7.
6.7.1.
6.7.2.
SQL dung thuy do vu d{nh nghIu co so du leu
Phut beu SQL dung CRKATK
Phaf bIou 8QL dang CPEATE dung do fao co so du IIou va nhung doI fuong cua co so du IIou
frong My8QL, 8QL 8crocr, Orac/c, ..., chung cu phap nhu sau:

CFFATF Ltr:- <Ltr:- NA\F>

CFFATF <OF.FCT TYJF>
<OF.FCT NA\F>

OBJECT TYPE: IoaI doI fuong cua co so du IIou v du nhu ProccJurc, Tab/c, Vicu,...
OBJECT NAME. Ton cua doI fuong frong co so du IIou 8QL nhu sp_IC, tb/Emp/oycr, ...

Tuo co so du leu - Creute dutubuse
KhI xay dung co so du IIou, ban baf dau fu mo hnh co so du IIou EPD, hay fu mof gIaI doan
nao do frong quy frnh phan fch fhIof ko ho fhong. o fao co so du IIou fron My8QL hay 8QL 8crocr
ban su dung cu phap sau:

CFFATF LATAFA:F <Ltr:- D.->

Cu phap day du cua phaf bIou fao co so du IIou nhu sau, nou ban su dung co so du IIou 8QL
8crocr:

CFFATF LATAFA:F <ctr:-_D.->
ON JF\AFY_ (
N.- <`Lci 1i- D.-`>,_ Fi-N.-<`Fi- N.-`>
, :7F<:i:- iD \-ryt- cr KicFyt-> _
, \AX:7F<:i:- iD \-ryt- cr KicFyt-> _, FLFCFO'TI <Nc c1
Kycryt-(J-r-Dt->_
}_

LOC ON
(
N.- <`Lci 1i- D.-`>,_ Fi-N.-<`Fi- N.-`>
, :7F<:i:- iD \-ryt- cr KicFyt-> _
, \AX:7F<:i:- iD \-ryt- cr KicFyt-> _, FLFCFO'TI <Nc c1
Kycryt-(J-r-Dt->_
}_
COLLATF <CcticD N.->_
Fcr Lcc ( Fcr AttD_

6.7.3. Oen gu CRKATK Outubuse trong SQL Server
ON: ung do djnh nghIa noI chua co so du IIou va khong gIan chua fap fIn /og.
NAME: ung djnh nghIa fon cua co so du IIou. Ton nay dung fham chIou khI goI don co so
du IIou, fon duoc dung cho qua frnh backup, cxport, Import, 8brink co so du IIou do.
FILENAME: Ton fap fIn co so du IIou Iuu frong dIa cung, fhong fhuong khI caI 8QL 8crocr
Ion o dIa nao fh gIa frj mac djnh cho phop Iuu fap fIn don fhu muc do. Tuy nhIon, nou
muon ban cung co fho fhay doI vj fr cac ji/c nay.
KhI fao co so du IIou, ban da djnh nghIa vj fr daf fap fIn o fhu muc nao fh khong fho dI
chuyon mof cach fhu cong |nhu dung Exp/orcr cua WinJous), v Iam dIou do fhaf nguy hIom nhaf Ia
khI du IIou frong co so du IIou dang co gIa frj kInh fo.
8IZE: ung Iuong cua co so du IIou khI khoI fao chung. Thong fhuong gIa frj mac djnh Ia 1
MB.
ung Iuong phaI Ia so nguyon, co fho fang fhom bang cach su dung fhu fuc 8brink frong
8QL 8crocr.
MAX8IZE: ung Iuong Ion nhaf, khI dung Iuong co so du IIou fang Ion don muc Max8i:c fh
dung IaI.
Nou khI dung Iuong bang Max8i:c, cac chuyon fac co fho bj huy bo hay fra vo IoI khong fho
fhuc hIon duoc, va co fho Iam cho co so du IIou cua ban bj froo.
o franh dIou nay xay ra, fh nguoI quan frj co so du IIou phaI fhuong xuyon fhoo gIoI qua frnh
fang dung Iuong co so du IIou fhoo fhoI gIan, do co bIon phap franh moI ruI ro co fho xay ra.
FILEGPOWTH: ung Iuong khoI fao cung dung Iuong foI da cho phop fang frong qua frnh
fhom du IIou vao co so du IIou. Nham fu dong hoa, chung fa phaI fhIof Iap qua frnh fang fu
dong fhoo chI so KB cho fruoc hay fy Io phan fram fhoo dung Iuong dang co.
LOG ON: Log on cho phop ban quan Iy nhung chuyon fac xay ra frong qua frnh su dung co
so du IIou cua 8QL 8crocr.
Xuy dung co so du leu Test
Nhu da frnh bay o fron, sau day v du fao co so du IIou Tcst co cu phap nhu sau:
VI du 8-31: Tuo co so du leu Test trong SQL Server

L:F .:t-r

CO

CFFATF LATAFA:F T-:t
ON
( NA\F T-:t,
FLFNA\F `:`.::_`ct`T-:tct..c1`,

:7F D,
\AX:7F cD,
FLFCFO'TI c }

LOC ON
( NA\F `T-:tc`,
FLFNA\F `:`.::_`ct`T-:tc.c1`,
:7F c\F,
\AX:7F 2c\F,
FLFCFO'TI c\F }
CO

o don gIan hoa cac doI fuong Tab/c frong co so du IIou Tcst, chung foI chI frnh bay mof vaI
phaf bIou 8QL dang Crcatc Tab/c, cac Tab/c khac ban co fho fm fhay frong co so du IIou dnh kom.
VI du 8-32: Tuo mot so bung trong Test

1 Tao bang Janb sacb kbacb bang tbuong xuycn 1

CFFATF TAFLF tro:tc.-r: (
Co:tL iDt(} oD:iD-c NOT NLLL otc_iDr-.-Dt,
L:-rD.- rDr(2D} NOT NLLL LFFALLT `` ,
J::wcrc rDr(D} NOT NLLL LFFALLT `` ,
Co:tN.- rDr(cD} ,
Accr-:: rDr(DD} ,
T- rDr(2D} ,
FNc rDr(D} ,
F.i rDr(cD} ,
CcDtt rDr(cD} ,
CcoDtryCcc- Dr(} ,
JrciD-Ccc- Dr(} ,
JF\AFY KFY (Co:tL},
NLFX Co:tL (Co:tL}
};

1 Tao bang bop Jong mua bang qua mang 1

CFFATF TAFLF trcrc-r: (
Orc-rL iDt(} NOT NLLL otc_iDr-.-Dt,
Orc-rLt- ct- ,
Co:tL iDt(} ,
L-:riticD rDr(DD} LFFALLT `D` ,
TrDL tiDyiDt(} LFFALLT `D` ,
Jy.-DtL tiDyiDt(} LFFALLT `D` ,
A.coDt 1ct LFFALLT `D` ,
:DiCc:t 1ct LFFALLT `D` ,
TctA.coDt 1ct LFFALLT `D` ,
JF\AFY KFY (Orc-rL},
NLFX Orc-rL (Orc-rL}
};

1 Tao bang bop Jong cbi tict mua bang qua mang 1

CFFATF TAFLF trcrc-rc-ti: (
};

Mot so quy d{nh kh thet ke Tuble
6.7.4.
6.7.5.
6.7.6.
Ten cot - Column Nume
af fon cof cung gIong nhu daf fon bang, co raf nhIou quy fac daf fon |nhu da frnh bay o fron
phan tab/c), nhung khuyon khch ban non fhoo mof so quy fac co ban sau:
Ton cof baf dau chu hoa, con IaI bang chu fhuong.
Ton ngan gon va day du y nghIa.
Khong non daf fon cof co khoang frang, sau nay ban so gap nhung phIon foaI khI fham
chIou don cof do.
Khong daf fon cof frung voI nhung fu khoa, fu danh rIong, va nhung ky fu dac bIof nhu
nhung phop foan hay foan fu khac.
Chu y, non daf fon cof cung fon nhung cof co quan ho voI nhung bang khac frong cung co so
du IIou, gIup do hIou va franh bj nham Ian.
Mof so nguoI fhch fhom vao dau gach chan |_) do phan bIof y nghIa hay fon goI cua cof, dIou
nay Ia fuy vao so fhch cua ban. Tuy nhIon chung foI khong fhch quI fac nay.
Nhung doI voI kInh nghIom Iap fhIof ko xay dung co so du IIou fh ban khong non dung dau
gach duoI _, va dI nhIon frong nhIou fruong hop khac ban so cam fhay kho chju khI fhom mof dau _
frong fon cua doI fuong cua co so du IIou.
Mac du khong co van do g cho cu phap hay cac phaf bIou fham chIou don chung, nhung ban so
fhay faI sao chung fa khong non dung dau gach chan |_) khI daf fon doI fuong hay fon co so du IIou
frong My8QL.
Nou ban daf fon co dau _ ,ban phaI fon fhoI gIan hay nang Iuong cho hanh dong fao ra dau _
Trong chung muc hay gIoI han nao do do hIou ung cua Font chu co fho phaf sInh IoI so gay
ra nham Ian cho nguoI Iap frnh.
NoI fom IaI Ia ban so maf fhom fhoI gIan Iuu fam don chung.
Keu du leu - Outu type
Nhu da frnh bay cac IaI du IIou frong phan fron, khI xay dung co so du IIou, faf ca nhung
fruong frong bang can phaI co kIou du IIou cu fho. Van do quan frong Ia chon kIou du IIou nao cho
phu hop voI du IIou ma nguoI dung so nhap vao.
o fhIof ko du IIou phu hop voI fhuc fo, ngoaI fnh ung dung hop voI ngu canh ban cung can
quan fam don kIou du IIou fuong fhch va chIou daI cua fung cof. Chang han nhu:

Co:tL_ rDr_ (D}
1 bay 1
Co:tL_ iDt

Gu tr{ muc d{nh - OeIuult
Thong fhuong khI fao ra mof cof frong bang doI khI chung fa can ap dung gIa frj mac djnh,
khong chI cho fruong hop so IIou khong nhap fu bon ngoaI ma con cho cac cof fu dong co gIa frj fu
sInh. VoI nhung Iy do nhu vay, chung fa can co mof so gIa frj mac djnh cho nhung cof can fhIof, v du
:
Nou cof do Ia so chung fa co gIa frj mac djnh Ia 0

Nou cof do Ia ngay fhang chung fa co gIa frj mac djnh Ia ngay nao do |nhu 0000-00-00 Ia
CurDatc|))
Nou cof do co gIa frj Ia 0 hoac 1, ban co fho khaI bao gIa frj mac djnh Ia 0 hoac 1
Nou cof do Ia chuoI chung fa co gIa frj mac djnh nhu Ia 'A'
6.7.7. So tu dong uuto_ncrement
aufo_Incromonf Ia khaI nIom cuc ky quan frong frong My8QL |fuong duong voI IJcntity frong
8QL 8crocr, Autonumbcr frong M8 Acccss). KhI ban muon mof cof co gIa frj fang fu dong nhu
AutoNumbcr1IJcntity, ban non djnh nghIa cof do nhu auto_incrcmcnt,.
KhI su dung auto_incrcmcnt Iam so fang fu dong fh kIou du IIou Ia so nguyon hoac so nguyon
Ion.
Trong fruong hop, ban khaI bao so fu dong frong 8QL 8crocr, ban can phaI khaI bao fhom cac
fhong so nhu sccJ. 8ccJ Ia gIa frj khoI dau khI 8QL 8crocr fu dong fang gIa frj, Incrcamcnt Ia buoc
fang, no cho bIof moI Ian fang can bao nhIou gIa frj.
V du khI fao auto_incrcmcnt cho cof ItcmID jInt] auto_incrcmcnt, nghIa Ia baf dau so 1 va moI
Ian fang 1 so. Kof qua ban so co Ia 1,2,3,4, ...n.
Trong phaf bIou 8QL cua My8QL, do fao bang co ga frj fang fu dong ban chI can khaI bao fon
cof, kIou du IIou Int (Intcgcr va auto_incrcmcnt nhu sau:

LNO Dt otc_iDr-.-Dt NOT NLLL
Trong gIao dIon do hoa ban chI can cbcck vao fuy chon AutoIncrcamcnt nhu hnh 8-10.

Hnh 8-10: Chon aufo_Incromonf

NLL / NOT NLL
ay Ia frang fhaI cua mof cof frong bang cho phop chap nhan gIa frj NULL hay khong7 Nou
ban chI ra rang buoc gIa frj NOT NULL fh baf buoc phaI co gIa frj frong cof nay moI khI mau fIn
duoc nhap vao.
oI voI mof so kIou du IIou khong cho phop NULL ban non fhIof Iap gIa frj mac djnh cho cof
do, v du nhu kIou du IIou bIf khong cho phop NULL.
Trong phaf bIou SQI fao bang, ban chI can khaI bao NULL hay NOT NULL sau kIou du IIou
cua cof do. Trong gIao dIon do hoa chI can danh dau chon vao fuy chon Not NULL nhu hnh 8-10.

6.8. Thuy cuu truc do tuong bung ALTKR
KhI chung fa can fhIof phaI sua doI mof phan cau fruc cua cac doI fuong nhu tab/c (oicu, hay
8P frong 8QL 8crocr) v muc dch nao do, fh an su dung phaf bIou ALTEP do fhay doI cau fruc cua
doI fuong hIon co:

ALTFF <Or-t ty->
<Or-t N.->

KhI mof bang fon faI frong co so du IIou, do nhu cau can fhIof phaI fhay doI cau fruc bang, ban
su dung phaf bIou ALTEP TABLE cung cac fham so cua chung nhu cu phap sau:

ALTFF TAFLF tr- t-rticD ,t-rticD_

Chang han, ban co fho su dung phaf bIou ALTEP TABLE do fhom mof cof fon AcfIvafo voI
kIou du IIou TInyInf co gIa frj mac djnh Ia 1.
VI du 8-33: Them mot cot ten Actvute vuo bung tblOrders

ALTFF TAFLF trcrc-r:
ALL Atit- TNYNT LFFALLT ``

KhI fhay doI fhIof Iap gIa frj mac djnh cho cof ban non quan fam don gIa frj mac djnh do co
phu hop cho nhung mau fIn dang fon faI hay khong.
Muon fhay doI gIa frj mac djnh cua cof cho nhung mau fIn dang fon faI, ban su dung don monh
do phu nhu frong v du sau:

VI du 8-34: Thet lup gu tr{ muc d{nh trong bung tblOrders

CIANCF Orc-rLt-
Orc-rLt- LATFT\F
LFFALLT `DDDDDDDD`

Thay doI kIou du IIou fu Datc dang DatcTimc, ban co fho khaI bao nhu v du 4-35 sau:

VI du 8-35: Thuy do keu du leu

CIANCF Orc-rLt-
Orc-rLt- LATF
LFFALLT `DDDDDDDD DD:DD:DD`


Mac khac, ban cung co fho fao hay fhay doI bang frong man hnh My8QL-Front. ChI can chon
ngan Databasc 1 P-C/ick 1 Crcatc Ncu Tab/c, cua so xuaf hIon nhu hnh 8-11.

Hnh 8-11: CIao dIon fao bang bang MySQI-Ironf
6.9. Phut beu SQL dung OROP
rop Ia phaf bIou fhuc hIon phop xoa. DPOP dung do xoa doI fuong cua co so du IIou nhu bang,
co so du IIou, ...Cu phap cua phaf bIou DPOP.

LFOJ <Or-t ty-> <Or-t D.-> , .... D_

an co fho xoa co so du IIou, bang cach khaI bao nhu sau:

Lrc Ltr:- T-:t

1 Pbat bicu DPOP TABLE cbl ro bang nao can xoa,
ncu xoa nbicu bang tb ban can Jung Jau pbay (, 1

LFOJ TAFLF trCo:tc.-r:, tr:oi-r:

NgoaI ra, ban cung co fho dung My8Q/-Front do xoa bang hay cac doI fuong Tab/c frong co so
du IIou chI djnh. Nou chon nhIou bang cung mof Iuc ban su dung phm Contro/ hay 8bijt nhu sau:


Hnh 8-12: Chon doI fuong do xoa bang frong MySQI-Ironf
7. TAO K|CH BAN SQL- SQL SCRPTS
Thong fhuong khI xay dung co so du IIou do phaf frIon ung dung, doI khI ban can chuyon co so
du IIou fu may nay sang may khac, hay fu khu vuc nay hay don khu vuc khac.
Co raf nhIou cach do Iam dIou nay, o day chung foI gIoI fhIou don cac ban mof cong cu faI fao
IaI co so du IIou moI fu kjch ban cua co so du IIou goc.
Kjch ban 8QL |8QL 8cript) Ia fong hop faf ca cac phaf bIou 8QL dung do fao ra co so du IIou
frong qua frnh xay dung chung, chung Iuu fru duoI dang van ban co fon mo rong .sq/ |cautruc.sq/).
Cong cu nay fao kjch ban cho faf ca cac doI fuong cua co so du IIou voI nhung fhuoc fnh can
ban. Tuy nhIon, nou ban chon vao fuy chon Data, 8QL 8cript bao gom cac phaf bIou 8QL dang Inscrt
cung voI du IIou frong bang.
Truoc fIon ban co fho nhan fhay cua so cong cu nay frong MySQI-Ironf, bang cach chon fon co
so du IIou Tcst, sau do chon Too/s 1 Im-Export 1 Export Tab/c, cua so xuaf hIon nhu hnh 8-13 sau:


Hnh 8-13: Tao kjch ban frong MySQI-Ironf

KKT CHONG
Trong chuong nay, chung foI da gIoI fhIou voI ban hau hof cac phaf bIou 8QL fhuoc IoaI djnh
nghIa co so du IIou, fhao fac du IIou nhu 8c/cct, Inscrt, Dc/ctc va UpJatc.
Phaf bIou 8QL dang 8c/cct voI cac monh do nhu JOIN cung phop foan gIua haI hay nhIou bang
frong phaf bIou 8QL dang 8ELECT.
NgoaI ra, chung foI cung frnh bay haI IoaI phaf bIou 8QL dang djnh nghIa va fhay do co so du
IIou fao nhu CPEATE va ALTEP, DPOP.

PHP VA OATABASK 9-1
COMP!TR IARNINC CNTR WWW.H!!KHANC.COM
Mon hoc: PHP

BA 9: PHP VA OATABASK

o kof noI co so du IIou mySQI frong PHP, chung fa co nhIou cach
ung voI nhIou phuong fhuc kof noI co so du IIou, frong phan nay chung fa
fap frung fm hIou cach kof noI co so du IIou mySQI fu PHP bang chnh
goI cua no.

Nhung van do chnh so duoc do cap frong baI hoc nay
KhaI bao kof noI co so du IIou
Thom mau fIn
Cap nhaf mau fIn.
Xoa mau fIn
Truy van du IIou

1. KKT NO CO SO O LK
o kof noI co so du IIou mySQI ban su dung khaI bap nhu sau:

<?php
$link = mysql_connect ("localhost", "root", "")
or die ("Could not connect to MySQL Database");
mysql_select_db("TestDB", $link);
?>

Trong do khaI bao sau Ia kof noI co so du IIou mySQI voI fon sorvor/Ip cung voI usornamo va
passvord:

mysql_connect ("localhost", "root", "")

Va mysqI_soIocf_db|"Tosf", $IInk); do chon fon co so du IIou sau khI mo kof noI co so du IIou, nou
bIon $IInk co gIa frj Ia faIso fh kof noI co so du IIou khong fhanh cong.
Sau khI mo kof noI co so du IIou ma khong su dung fh ban co fho dong kof noI co so du IIou voI cu
phap nhu sau:

mysql_close($link);

Chang han, ban khaI bao frang connocfIon.php do kof noI co so du IIou va dong kof noI ngay
sau khI mo fhanh cong.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>::Welcome to PHP and mySQL</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Mo va dong ket noi CSDL MySQL
<?php
mysql_select_db("InterShop", $link);
mysql_close($link);
PHP VA OATABASK 9-2
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

2. THKM MA TN
o fhom mau fIn, ban su dung ham mysqI_quory|chuoI Insorf). Chang han, chung fa khaI bao
frang Insorf.php do fhom mau fIn vao bang fbIshIps co haI cof du IIou Ia ShIpI va ShIpNamo nhu v
du frong frang Insorf.php.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h3>Them mau tin</h3>
<?php

require("dbcon.php");
$sql="insert into tblships values('A01','Testing')";
$result = mysql_query($sql,$link);
$affectrow=0;
if($result)
$affectrow=mysql_affected_rows();
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin them vao<?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Trong do, ban su dung ham mysqI_quory voI haI fham so Ia $sqI va $IInk. Kof qua fra vo Ia so
mau fIn fhuc fhI. NgoaI ra, ban co fho su dung doan kof noI co so du IIou frong fap fIn dbcon.php nhu
v du sau:

<?php
mysql_select_db("Test", $link);
?>

Trong fruong hop cho phop nguoI su dung fhom mau fIn fh ban fhIof ko form you cau nguoI su
dung nhap haI gIa frj sau do submIf don frang ko fIop do fhuc fhI vIoc fhom gf sau do submIf don
frang ko fIop do fhuc fhI vIoc fhom gIa frj vua nhap vao co so du IIou nhu hnh 9-1.

PHP VA OATABASK 9-3

Hnh 9-1: Thom mau fIn
o Iam dIou nay, fruoc fIon ban khaI bao frang fhom.php, frong do khaI bao doan javascrIpf do
kIom fra du IIou nhap nhu sau:

<SCRIPT language=JavaScript>
function checkInput()
{

if (document.frmPHP.txtID.value=="")
{
alert("Invalid ID, Please enter ID");
document.frmPHP.txtID.focus();
return false;
}

if (document.frmPHP.txtName.value=="")
{
alert("Please enter Name");
document.frmPHP.txtName.focus();
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>

Ko don khaI bao fho form va haI fho Inpuf IaI foxf you cau nguoI su dung nnap I va Namo nhu
sau:

<form name="frmPHP" method="post"
action="doinsert.php"
onsubmit="return checkInput();">
<tr>
<td align="left" class="content-sm"><b>
Please enter ID and Name
</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" >ID:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<input type="text" name="txtID"
size="25" maxlength="3" class="textbox">
</td>
PHP VA OATABASK 9-4
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" >Name:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" >
<input type="text" name="txtName"
size="25" maxlength="50" class="textbox">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"> <br>
<input type="submit"
value="Submit" class="button">
<input type="reset" value="Reset" class="button">
</td>
</tr>
</form>

Iuu y rang, ban khaI bao so ky fu Ion nhaf cho phop nhap bang voI kch fhuoc da khaI bao
frong co so du IIou ung voI fhuoc fnh maxIongfh.
KhI nguoI su dung nhap haI gIa frj va nhan nuf submIf, frang ko fIop duoc frIou goI. Trang nay
Iay gIa frj nhap bang cach su dung bIon form hay $HTTP_POST_VARS. oI voI fruong hop nay
chung fa su dung bIon form nhu frang doInsorf.php.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h3>Them mau tin</h3>
<?php
$affectrow=0;
$sql="insert into tblships(ShipID,ShipName) ";
$sql .=" values('".$txtID."','".$txtName."')";
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin them vao<?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3. CAP NHAT MA TN
oI voI fruong hop cap nhaf mau fIn, ban cung su dung ham mysqI_quory voI phaf bIou !pdafo
fhay v Insorf nhu fron, v du chung fa khaI bao frang updafo.php do cap nhaf mau fIn frong bang
fbIShIps voI fon Ia !pdafoTosfIng khI ma co gIa frj Ia A01.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h3>Cap nhat mau tin</h3>
<?php

$sql="Update tblships set ShipName='UpdateTesting' ";
$sql.=" where ShipID='A01'";
$affectrow=0;
if($result)
PHP VA OATABASK 9-5
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin cap nhat <?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Iuu y rang, do bIof so mau fIn da fhuc fhI boI phaf bIou SQI ban su dung ham
mysqI_affocfod_rovs.

if($result)

Tuong fu nhu fron, ban co fho fhIof ko form cho phop nguoI su dung cap nhaf du IIou bang cach
fhIof ko form you cau nguoI su dung nhap ma va fon cap nhan.
Truoc fIon fhIof ko from cho phop nhap du IIou do cap nhaf nhu v du frang capnhaf.php, sau
khI hoc phan fruy van xong, fhaqy v nhap ma ban cho phop nguoI su dung chon frong danh sach da
co nhu hnh 9-2.

Hnh 9-2: Cap nhaf du IIou
Sau khI nguoI su dung nhan nuf submIf, frang doupdafo.php so frIou goI, kof qua fra vo 1 hay 0
mau fIn.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<?php
$affectrow=0;
$sql="update tblships set ShipName='";
$sql .=$txtName."' where ShipID='".$txtID."'";
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
?>
PHP VA OATABASK 9-6
</BODY>
</HTML>

4. XOA MA TN
Tuong fu nhu vay khI xoa mau fIn, ban chI fhay doI phaf bIou SQI dang oIofo nhu v du frong
fap fIn doIofo.php.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h3>Xoa mau tin</h3>
<?php

$sql="Delete From tblships where ShipID='A01'";
$affectrow=0;
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin da xoa <?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

oI voI fruong hop xoa fh don gIan hon, ban cIh can bIof duoc ma can xoa, chnh v vay frong
fruong hop nay chung fa chI can fhIof ko frang cho phop nhap ma nhu hnh 9-3.

Hnh 9-3: Xoa 1 mau fIn
Sau khI nhap ma can xoa, nou nguoI su dung nhan nuf oIofo Iap fuc frang dodoIofo.php so
frIou goI va xoa mau fIn fuong ung.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
PHP VA OATABASK 9-?
<BODY>
<h3>Xoa mau tin</h3>
<?php
$affectrow=0;
$sql="delete from tblships ";
$sql .=" where ShipID='".$txtID."'";
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin xoa <?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

5. TRY VAN O LK
o fruy van du IIou ban su dung ham mysqI_num_rovs do bIof duoc so mau fIn fra vo va ham
mysqI_fofch_array do doc fung mau fIn va mang sau do frnh bay gIa frj fu mang nay. Chang han,
chung fa fao mof fap fIn IIofko.php dung do IIof ko danh sach mau fIn frong bang fbIShIps nhu hnh
9-4.

Hnh 9-4: IIof ko mau fIn
o Iam dIou nay, ban khaI bao doan chuong frnh doc bang du IIou fuong fu nhu v du sau:

<?php
$totalRows = 0;
$stSQL ="select * from tblShips";
$result = mysql_query($stSQL, $link);
$totalRows=mysql_num_rows($result);
?>

Sau do, dung ham mysqI_fofch_array do doc fung mau fIn va In ra nhu sau:

<?php
if($totalRows>0)
{
$i=0;
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array ($result))
{
$i+=1;
PHP VA OATABASK 9-8
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<?=$row["ShipID"]?> </td>
<td ><?=$row["ShipName"]?></td>
</tr>

Trong fruong hop so mau fIn fra vo Ia 0 fh In ra cau fhong bao khong fm fhay nhu sau:

<?php
}
}else{
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td > </td>
<td > <b><font face="Arial" color="#FF0000">
Oop! Ship not found!</font></b></td>
</tr>
<?php
}
?>

6. KKT LAN
Trong baI nay, chung fa fap frung fm hIou cach kof noI co so du IIou, fhom, xoa cap nhaf va
IIof ko mau fIn. Trong baI ko fIop chung fa fm hIou nhIou cac frnh bay du IIou, xoa mau fIn fhoo
dang mang.

PHP VA OATABASK 9-1
Mon hoc: PHP

BA 10: XOA, CAP NHAT O LK OANG MANG

Trong baI fruoc chung fa da Iam quon voI cach xoa mau fIn frong co
so du IIou mySQI. oI voI fruong hop xoa mof Iuc nhIou mau fIn, chung fa
phaI xay dung frang PHP co su dung fho Inpuf dang chockbox.
Nhung van do chnh so duoc do cap frong baI hoc nay
IIof ko du IIou dang danh sach
Xoa nhIou mau fIn
Cap nhaf nhIou mau fIn

1. LKT KK O LK
o xoa nhIou mau fIn cung mof Iuc, fruoc fIon ban khaI bao frang PHP do IIof ko danh sach mau
fIn frong mang du IIou chang han, moI mau fIn xuaf hIon mof chockbox fuong ung. Chockbox nay
co gIa frj Ia ma nhan dang cua mau fIn do. Trong fruong hop nay chung fa dung cof khoa cua
ma chuyon hang |SubCafoI) frong bang fbISubCafogorIos djnh nghIa frong frang IIofko.php nhu
hnh 10-1.

PHP VA OATABASK 9-2
Hnh 10-1: IIof ko danh sach IaI san pham
o cho phop Iay duoc nhIou gIa frj chon cua san pham nhu hnh fron, ban khaI bao cac chockbox
nay cung fon |gIa su fon Ia chkId) va gIa frj frj Ia SubCafoI cua moI san pham nhu v du 10-1
frong frang IIofko.php.

<?php
if($totalRows>0)
{
$i=0;
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array ($result))
{
$i+=1;
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td><input type=checkbox name=chkid
value="<?=$row["SubCateID"]?>"> </td>
<td><?=$row["CateID"]?> </td>
<td><?=$row["SubCateID"]?> </td>
<td ><a href="capnhat.php?id=<?=$row["SubCateID"]?>">
<?=$row["SubCateName"]?></a></td>

</tr>
<?php
}
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan="4" align="middle">
<hr noshade size="1">
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan=3><input type=submit value="Delete">
<input type=hidden name=from_ value="subcategories">
<input type=hidden name=type value="0">
<input type=hidden name=chon value="">
<input type=button value="New"
onclick="window.open('them.php',target='_main')"></td>
<td >Tong so mau tin <?=$i?></td>
</tr>
<?php
}else{
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td > </td><td > </td><td > </td>
<td > <b><font face="Arial" color="#FF0000">
Oop! Ship not found!</font></b></td>
</tr>
<?php
}
?>
Trong do, haI khaI bao sau:

<input type=hidden name=from_ value="subcategories">
<input type=hidden name=type value="0">
<input type=hidden name=chon value="">

Cho bIof ban submIf fu frang nao va IoaI xoa nhIou mau fIn hay mof mau fIn doI voI bang fuong
ung. Muc dch cua van do nay Ia frang doIofo su dung chung cho nhIou bang khac nhau va fu frang
IIof ko |xoa nhIou) hoac fu frang odIf |1 mau fIn cu fho).
NgoaI ra, chung fa khaI bao <Inpuf fypo=hIddon namo=chon vaIuo=""> do nhan gIa frj chon fron
cach chockbox bang cach khaI bao doan javascrIpf nhu sau:

<script>
function calculatechon()
PHP VA OATABASK 9-3
{
var strchon="";
var alen=document.frmList.elements.length;
var buttons=1;

alen=(alen>buttons)?document.frmList.chkid.length:0;
if (alen>0)
{
for(var i=0;i<alen;i++)
if(document.frmList.chkid[i].checked==true)
strchon+=document.frmList.chkid[i].value+",";
}else
{
if(document.frmList.chkid.checked==true)
strchon=document.frmList.chkid.value;
}
document.frmList.chon.value=strchon;
return isok();
}

</script>

Tuy nhIon, do nhIou IoaI san pham fhuoc cac nhom san pham khac nhau, chnh v vay ban khaI bao
danh sach nhom san pham fron fho soIocf cho phop nguoI su dung IIof ko sach fhoo nhom san
pham nhu hnh 10-2.

Hnh 10-2: IIof ko danh sach IoaI sach
o IIof ko danh sach nhom frong bang fbICafogorIos, bang cach khaI bao phuong fhuc nhan chuoI
SQI dang SoIocf va gIa frj mac djnh fra vo nhIou phan fu fho opfIon frong fap fIn dafabaso.php
nhu v du 10-2.

PHP VA OATABASK 9-4
function optionselected($stSQL,$item,$links)
{
$results = mysql_query($stSQL, $links);
$totalRows=mysql_num_rows($results);
$strOption="<option value=\"\" selected>";
$strOption .="--Select--</option>";
if($totalRows>0)
{
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array ($results))
{
$strOption .="<option value=\"" ;
$strOption .=$row["ID"]."\"";
if($row["ID"]==$item)
$strOption .=" selected ";
$strOption .= ">".$row["Name"];
$strOption .="</option>";
}
}
return $strOption;
}

Sau do, goI phuong fhuc nay frong frang IIofkofhoonhom.php nhu v du 10-3.

<?php
require("database.php");
$id="";
if (isset($cateid))
$id=$cateid;
$stSQL ="select CateID As ID, CateName as Name from tblCategories ";
$totalRows=mysql_num_rows($result);
$strOption=optionselected($stSQL,$id,$link);
?>
<form name=frmMain method=post>
<tr>
<td align=left colspan=4>
Category: <select name=cateid onchange="document.frmMain.submit();">

<?=$strOption?>
</select></td>
<td align=right> </td>
</tr>
</form>

Ian dau fIon ban co fho chon mac djnh mof nhom hoac IIof ko faf ca, khI nguoI su dung chon nhom
san pham nao do fh frang IIofkofhoonhom.php so IIof ko danh sach IoaI sach cua nhom sach do.
o Iam dIou nay, ban khaI bao fho form voI fho soIocf nhu v du 10-4.

<form name=frmMain method=post>
<tr>
<td align=left colspan=4>
Category: <select name=cateid onchange="document.frmMain.submit();">

<?=$strOption?>
</select></td>
<td align=right> </td>
</tr>
</form>

KhI nguoI su dung chon cac mau fIn nhu hnh 10-2 va nhan nuf oIofo, dua vao gIa frj cua nuf co
fon acfIon |frong fruong hop nay Ia oIofo), ban co fho khaI bao bIon do Iay gIa frj chon bang cach
khaI bao nhu v du 10-5.

$strid=$chon;
PHP VA OATABASK 9-5
$strid=str_replace(",","','",$strid);
ua vao fho hIddon khaI bao frong cac frang frnh bay danh sach |chang an IIofkofhoonhom.php)
mau fIn nhu sau:

<input name="from" type=hidden value="subcategories">

an co fho bIof fu frang nao goI don frang dodoIofo.php do quay fro vo khI fhuc hIon xong fac vu xu
Iy.
NgoaI ra, dua vao gIa frj cua nuf acfIon do fhuc hIon phaf bIou SQI. Chang han, frong fruong hop
nay nou nguoI su dung nhan huf oIofo fh ban khaI bao nhu v du 10-6 sau:

switch($strfrom)
{
case "subcategories":
$stSQL ="delete from tblsubcategories where SubCateID in('".$strid."')";
$strlocation="Location:lietketheonhom.php";
break;
case "categories":
$stSQL ="delete from tblcategories where CateID in('".$strid."')";
$strlocation="Location:nhom.php";
break;
}

Sau do, ban co fho fhuc fhI phaf bIou SQI vua khaI bao o fron nhu v du 10-7.

if($stSQL!="")
{
}
Iuu y rang, ban cung non khaI bao fry cafch frong khI Iam vIoc voI co so du IIou. NgoaI ra, ban
cung phaI xac nhan fruoc khI fhuc fhI hanh dong xoa mau fIn chon bang cach khaI bao doan
JavascrIpf nhu sau:

<script>
function isok()
{
return confirm('Are you sure to delete?');
}
</script>

Sau do goI frong bIon co onsubmIf cua form nhu sau:

<form action=dosql.php method=post onsubmit="return calculatechon();">

2. CAP NHAT NHK MA TN
Tuong fu nhu fruong hop oIofo, khI ban duyof |approvaI) mof so mau fIn fhoo mof cof du IIou nao
do, chang han, frong fruong hop nay chung fa cho phop su dung nhung san pham da qua su dong y
cua nha quan Iy fh cof du IIou AcfIvafo cua bang fbIfoms co gIa frj Ia 1.
o Iam dIou nay, fruoc fIon ban IIof ko danh sach san pham nhu hnh 10-3.
PHP VA OATABASK 9-6

Hnh 10-3: IIof ko danh sach san pham duyof hay chua
Tuong fu nhu frong fruong hop doIofo, ban khaI bao frang do!pdafo nhu sau:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<?php
$strid=$chon;
$strid=str_replace(",","','",$strid);
$strfrom="";
if(isset($from_))
{
$strfrom=$HTTP_POST_VARS{"from_"};
}
$strtype="";
if(isset($type))
{
$strtype=$HTTP_POST_VARS{"type"};
}

$stSQL="";
if($strfrom<>"")
{
switch($strfrom)
{
case "items":
$stSQL ="update tblItems set Activate=1 where ItemID
in('".$strid."')";
PHP VA OATABASK 9-?
break;
}
if($stSQL!="")
{
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
}
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3. KKT LAN
Trong baI nay, chung fa fm hIou chuc nang xoa, cap nhaf nhIou mau fIn bang cach su dung fho
Inpuf IoaI chockbox cung fon va khac gIa frj, baI ko fIop chung fa fIop fuc fm hIou vo chuc nang
dang nhap frong PHP.

Moân Hoïc: PHP Baøi 1: Computer Learning Center

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