giorgi gaxelaZe

samoqalaqo wigniereba

Seadgina giorgi gaxelaZem

samoqalaqo wigniereba

Tbilisi 2012

proeqti ,,axali SesaZleblobebi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs dafinansebulia evrokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institutis mier da xorcieldeba samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis, asociacia zekarisa da marneulis axalgazrduli centris mier. publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi SeiZleba ar gamoxatavdes evrokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institutis mosazrebebs. Project New Opportunities for Educationally Deprived Children was made possible by the support of European Union and Open Society Institute. Project is implementing by the Civic development Institute, Association Zekari and Marneuli Youth Center. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of European Union and Open Society Institute Seadgina: giorgi gaxelaZem recenzenti: simon janaSia dizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili sakonsultacio sabWo anTaZe ia boWoriSvili manana gorgoZe sofio mosiaSvili Tamar wignis SeqmnaSi gansakuTebuli wvlili Seitanes samoqalaqo ganviTrebis institutis TanamSromlebma, ganaTlebis eqspertebma, romlebmac SeimuSaves ganaTlebis meore Sansis qarTuli modeli. ideis warmatebiT ganxorcielebis procesSi aqtiuradmonawileobdnen: baqraZe maia TofaZe qeTevan kobalaZe qeTevan korZaZe ekaterine papava paata samsonia irina Wanturia Tamar daibeWda gamomcemloba mwignobari Tbilisi, 2012 samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti,2012

ISBN 978-9941-0-5208-8

sarC e vi
1. ukeT gavicnoT erTmaneTi........................................................5 2. moTxovnilebebi da interesebi.............................................10 3. adamianis monacemebi da maTi gamoyeneba...........................17 4. Rirebulebebi da principebi..................................................20 5. Cemi adgili sazogadoebaSi....................................................23 6. pirovnuli da saerTo interesebi........................................28 7. Rirseba..........................................................................................31 8. gaerTianeba, anu SeTanxmeba...................................................35 9. Tavisufleba................................................................................38 10. gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken...........................40 11. ufleba, movaleoba, pasuxismgebloba...............................48 12. Cemi arCevani - gadawyvetileba da Sedegi.......................69 13. konfliqti da misi mogvarebis gzebi................................76 14. miznis dasaxva...........................................................................79 15. sazogadoebrivi cxovreba....................................................84 16. vin minda viyo............................................................................86 17. SeviswavloT arCeuli profesia.........................................93 18. pasuxismgeblobebi..................................................................98 19. ratom unda emorCilebodnen adamianebi kanonebs?.....102 20. mavne Cvevebisa da maTi saxifaTo Sedegebisgan Tavdacva.........................................................................................105 21. ra aris saxelmwifo?..............................................................117 22. ra aris demokratia?..............................................................120

23. saxelmwifoTa tipebi...........................................................122 24. saxelmwifos ZiriTadi niSnebi..........................................126 25. ra aris biujeti?....................................................................128 27. me var moqalaqe: ras niSnavs es...........................................132 28. ra aris politika?..................................................................136 29. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Stoebi................................139 30. vin da rogor marTavs Cvens saxelmwifos?.....................141 31. ra aris arCevnebi....................................................................143 32. Cven da kanoni..........................................................................160

ukeT gavicnoT erTmaneTi

Sexede Sens megobars, romelic Sens gverdiT zis. warmoidgine, rom mas ar icnob. dafiqrdi, yvelaze metad risi gageba dagainteresebs im ucnobi adamianis Sesaxeb, romelsac pirvelad xedav? magaliTad: saxeli gvari asaki ojaxi da a.S. (gaagrZele CamonaTvali) gaiTvaliswine, rom gacnobisas ara marto kiTxvebis dasma, aramed pasuxebis gacemac mogiwevs sxvis mier dasmul msgavs SekiTxvebze.

kiTxvebi

rogor gaacnob Tavs ucnob adamians? risi Tqma SegiZlia Sens Sesaxeb? ra aris SenSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani?

Cemi simbolo Seecade, gaacno sxvebs Seni pirovneba naxatis saSualebiT. gamosaxe sakuTari Tavi raime simbolos - cxovelis, frinvelis an geometriuli figuris saxiT, romelic Seni azriT, yvelaze ukeT gamoxatavs Seni pirovnebis arss. amisaTvis gamoiyene aq motanili CarCo - Caxate Seni simbolo fanqriT.

sTxove gverdze mjdom megobars, Sens nacvlad daasaTauros da axsnas Seni naxati simbolos saxelwodeba: --------------------------------------------- (magaliTad saaTi) Tvisebebi, romelTac gamoxatavs simbolo: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(magaliTad punqtualuri, organizebuli, saimedo ) Seadare Seni Canafiqri mosazrebebs. Seavse an daazuste simbolos mniSvneloba.

kiTxvebi
erTo-

Seadare Seni simbolo Seni mewyvilis simbolos da blivad daadgineT:

ra simboloebi, Tvisebebi aRmoCnda yvelasaTvis saerTo da ra ganumeorebeli? ramdenad hgvanan da gansxvavdebian jgufis wevrebi erTmaneTisgan? ra ufro metia, msgavseba Tu gansxvaveba? ramdenad individualuri aRmoCnda TiToeuli Tqvengani?

leqsikoni
individualuri L.< individuus _ `ganuyofeli~ 1. garkveuli individumis damaxasiaTebeli; rac calkeul pirovnebas gamoyofs sxvebisagan.
Sedegis xazgasasmelad, TiToeuli Tqvengani sakuTari gemovnebiT aferadebs (aformebs) Tavis simbolos da amagrebs kedelze. Sexede Tavmoyril `simboloTa gunds~: aris Tu ara ori erTnairi simbolo? ra ufro TvalsaCinoa, msgavseba Tu gansxvaveba? ra daskvna SegiZlia gamoitano?

adamiani dabadebisTanave ganumeorebelia, Tumca jer kidev ar aris pirovneba. aravin saubrobs axalSobili bavSvis pirovnulobaze, radgan pirovnebad ar ibadebian, pirovnebad yalibdebian.

pirovneba viTardeba sxva adamianebTan urTierTobisas. am dros adamiani swavlobs, ra aris misTvis mniSvnelovani,

iZens sxvebTan Tanaarsebobis unar-Cvevebs, uyalibdeba xasiaTi da nebisyofa.

TanajgufelebTan erTad imsjele: ra aris simbolo? rTuli iyo Tu ara simbolos mofiqreba? Canafiqris ganxorcieleba? ratom?

pirvel rigSi adamiani (sxva adamianebis daxmarebiT) qmnis sakuTari pirovnebis monaxazs _ gamoyofs yvelaze mniSvnelovan Tvisebebs sakuTar TavSi. (swored ise, rogorc Sen gaakeTe sakuTari pirovnebis simbolos Seqmnisas).

Semdeg cdilobs, TvalsaCino da gasagebi gaxados sakuTari pirovneba sxva adamianisaTvis _ gamoxatavs da ganamtkicebs mniSvnelovan Tvisebebs sakuTar qcevaSi. (Senc xom cdilobdi, simbolo ise dagexata, rom sxvas misi mniSvneloba gaego?)

TanajgufelebTan erTad imsjele: daemTxva Tu ara megobris azri Sens Canafiqrs? dagexmara Tu ara Tanajgufelis azri Seni simbolos ukeT gaazrebaSi?

adamiani cdilobs, moawonos sakuTari pirovneba sxva adamianebs _ cvlis da alamazebs mas sxva adamianebisa da sakuTari mosazrebebidan gamomdinare ise, rom am cvlilebis

procesSi ar daikargos misi ZiriTadi arsi da mniSvneloba.

TanajgufelebTan erTad imsjele: ras ambobs simbolo Seni pirovnebis Sesaxeb? Seni azriT, ras niSnavs cneba `pirovneba~? laTinuri sityva persona (pirovneba) niSnavs niRabs. antikur TeatrSi msaxiobi ikeTebda im niRabs, romelic ukeT axasiaTebda personaJs. Zvel romSi `persona~ ukve niSnavda `pirs kanonis winaSe~ monas, romlis sxeuli da Sroma ekuTvnoda batons, persona ar gaaCnda, anu ar iTvleboda pirovnebad.

moTxovnilebebi da interesebi
adamianebis moqmedebebs, zogierTi mosazrebiT, moTxo vnilebaTa dakmayofilebis survili udevs safuZvlad. adamianis moTxovnilebebi mravalgvaria da maTi dajgufebis mravali xerxi arsebobs. am cxrilSi, romelic fsiqologma alfred alderferma SeimuSava, adamianis moTxovnilebebi sam ZiriTad jgufSia gaerTianebuli: arsebobasTan, urTierTobebTan da pirovnul zrdasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnilebebi. Seavse cxrili Sesabamisi magaliTebis mixedviT - Seecade warmoidgino, Tu romel moTxovnilebebs gulisxmobda mecnieri yovel jgufSi.

moTxovnilebaTa jgufi pirovnuli zrda urTierToba arseboba

moTxovnileba mag: TviTdamkvidreba, mag: TanamoazreTa SeZena, mag: SimSili, wyurvili,

`robinzon kruzo~ daniel defom XVIII saukuneSi dawera. mas Semdeg mravali weli gavida, magram ambavi ukacriel kunZulze gariyuli adamianisa, dResac ar kargavs aqtualobas. es wigni albaT Senc wagikiTxavs, wigni Tu ara, mis mixedviT gadaRebuli filmi SeiZleba gqondes nanaxi (Sen Tu ara, Sens megobrebs mainc).

davaleba
SeZlebisdagvarad aRidgine wignis (kinofilmis) siuJeti. warmoidgine Seni Tavi mis adgilas, warmoidgine, rom Senc masaviT aRmoCndi ukacriel kunZulze. rogor ggonia, ra gWirdeba imisTvis, rom Tavi gaitano da ar

10

daiRupo? Camowere yvelaferi, rac Seni azriT, aucilebelia kunZulze gadarCenisaTvis. daalage CamonaTvali maTi saWiroebis mixedviT: 1. wyali 2. ---------------3. ---------------4. ---------------5. ---------------6. ---------------gavida ramdenime dRe da aRmoCnda, rom kunZulze moipoveba TiTqmis yvelaferi, rac aucilebelia arsebobisTvis (mag. sasmeli wyali, sakvebi, TavSesafari da a.S.) Seni azriT, sakmarisi iqneba Tu ara yvelaferi es imi saTvis, rom Tavi bednierad igrZno? rogor ggonia, kidev ras inatreb da ras moisakliseb? Camowere:

Seni azriT, upirveles yovlisa, ra mogenatreba? daalage CamonaTvali am niSniT.

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cnobili amerikeli fsiqologis abraham maslous azriT, adamiani ganuwyvetliv iRvwis sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad, magram srul kmayofilebas verasodes aRwevs, radganac erT moTxovnilebas meore cvlis, meores _ mesame da a.S. adamianma umaRlesi moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba rom SeZlos, jer misi dabali moTxovnilebebi Tanmimdevrulad unda dakmayofildes. masloum adamianis moTxovnilebebi piramidis saxiT daalaga:

TviTrealizaciis

sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis mikuTvnebis da siyvarulis

usafrTxoebis da daculobis

fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebi

adamianis moTxovnilebebis piramida

12

kiTxvebi diskusiisTvis
CamoTvale, romelia fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebi? romlebia usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebebi? Seni azriT, ras gulisxmobs mikuTvnebisa da siyvarulis moTxovnileba? ras niSnavs sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis moTxovnileba? ras niSnavs TviTrealizaciis moTxovnileba?

miubrundi Sens pirvandel CamonaTvals da Seecade Seni saWiroebebi Seusabamo maslous piramidis moTxovnilebebs (Cawere piramidaSi). albaT gainteresebs, rogor afasebda situacias Tavad robinzon kruzo? Tavidan isic SensaviT Seecada gaeanalizebina Seqmnili viTareba: `Cemi goneba TandaTan moeria sasowarkveTilebas da rogorc ki SemeZlo vinugeSebdi xolme Tavs: xom SeiZleboda uares dReSic Cavvardniliyavi-meTqi. Cems ubedurebas vupirispirebdi im sikeTes, rasac ase Tu ise vewie. mTelis piruTvnelobiT daviwye am ori movlenis _ ubedurebisa da bednierebis _ erTmaneTis dapirispirebiT Cawera, TiTqos kreditorisa da movalis angariSi yofiliyos~

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ubedureba saSinel, udabur kunZulze gadmomxvewa bedma. gadarCenis yovelgvari imedi dakarguli maqvs. yvelas davSordi, mowyvetili var mTels qveynierebas, ganmartoebuli da bedkruli.

bedniereba magram cocxali davrCi: Cemi TanamgzavrebiviT ar davmxCvalvar. magram aseve davSordi Cemi Tanamgzavrebis saSinel bedsac. da, vinc ase saswaulebrivad mixsna sikvdilisagan, masve ZaluZs am mdgomareobidanac gamomiyvanos. magram SimSiliT ar movmkvdarvar da ar davRupulvar am gaveranebul kunZulze, sadac arsebobis araviTari pirobebi ar aris. magram hava aq iseTi cxelia, rom, Tundac bevri mqondes tansacmeli, albaT mainc ver Cavicvamdi. magram iseT kunZulze gamoviriye, sadac sulac ara Cans mxecebi. ra meSveleboda, afrikis sanapiroebze rom movxvedriliyavi? magram RmerTma saswaulebrivad mouaxlova gemi napirs, raTa SemZleboda iseTi saWiro nivTebis gadmotana, romlebic yoveldRiurad gamomadgeba da sikvdilis karamde uzrunvelsa myofs.

adamianebs savsebiT movwydi, uTvistomo da gandegili var.

tansacmeli TiTqmis aRara maqvs, male sul titveli viqnebi. Tan araferi maqvs, rom mxecebsa da velurebs gavumklavde.

Tan aravin maxlavs, rom gamomelaparakos da Sveba magrZnobinos.

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yvelaze metad ris naklebobas ganicdis, anu ubedurebad ras miiCnevs robinzoni? moniSne Sesabamisi moTxovnilebebi maslous piramidaze. emTxveva Tu ara Seni da robinzonis varaudebi erTmaneTs?

moTxovnilebebis safuZvelze yalibdeba interesebi. Cven gvainteresebs is movlenebi da sagnebi, romlebic daakmayofilebs Cvens moTxovnilebebs.

interesi SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri da iribi. mivmarToT magaliTs: ori moswavle cdilobs maTematikuri amocanis amoxsnas. pirvels Zalian ainteresebs maTematika, is Tavisufal drosac xsnis amocanebs. aseT interess pirdapiri interesi ewodeba

meore moswavles ki ar uyvars maTematika, magram icis, rom am saganSi gamocdis Cabareba aucilebeli pirobaa skolis warmatebiT damTavrebisaTvis. am moswavles maTematikisadmi iribi interesi aqvs.

iribi interesis Camosayalibeblad da SesanarCuneblad pirovnebas xSirad nebisyofa sWirdeba, radgan erTi SexedviT mosabezrebeli saqmianoba SeiZleba mniSvnelovani miznebis miRwevaSi daexmaros.

waikiTxe magaliTebi da moifiqre rac SeiZleba meti interesi, romelic SeiZleba moiazrebodes mocemuli qmedebebis ukan :

15

ano dadis xatvis gakveTilze, radgan:

pirdapiri interesi: iribi interesebi: vanos ainteresebs literatura, radgan:

pirdapiri interesi: iribi interesebi: vanom SeiZina motocikleti, radgan:

pirdapiri interesi: iribi interesebi: CamowereT moTxovnilebebi, romlebsac eyrdnoba CamoTvlili interesebi. --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------------

kiTxvebi

rogor aris ufro advili am davalebis Sesruleba, marto Tu TanajgufelebTan erTad? ratom? SeiZleba Tu ara, rom konkretul qmedebas ganapirobebdes sxvadasxva interesi? sxvadasxva moTxovnileba? SeiZleba Tu ara, rom erTi da igive moTxovnileba gamovlindes sxvadasxva interesSi? sxvadasxva qmedebaSi?

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adamianis monacemebi da maTi gamoyeneba

adamiani ibadeba garkveuli niWiTa da monacemebiT, rac ganapirobebs ama Tu im sferoSi codnisa da unar-Cvevebis SeZenis siswrafesa da simartives. adamianis monacemebi Tandayolilia, magram viTardeba da vlindeba cxovrebis manZilze. monacemebi qmnian mxolod winapirobas adamianis warmatebisaTvis. Tu pirovnebam ar moindoma, is ver SeZlebs sakuTari monacemebis srulad gamoyenebas.

kiTxvebi

romel naZvs aqvs ukeTesi monacemebi? romeli gaizarda ufro maRali? ratom?

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adamians mniSvnelovani Tviseba axasiaTebs _ Tavisufali neba. Tavisufali neba niSnavs, rom pirovnebas SeuZlia: gaazrebuli, windaxeduli gadawyvetilebebis miReba; sakuTari Tavis srulyofa; garemoze zemoqmedeba. sxvebis, an raime SezRudvebis gaTvaliswinebiT da Tundac maT sawinaaRmdegod gadawyvetilebis miReba. Tavisufali nebis wyalobiT pirovnebas SeuZlia, mizanmimarTulad imoqmedos Tavisi monacemebis srulad gamovlenisaTvis. Tavisufali neba vlindeba imaSi, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia pirovnebas pasuxismgeblobis sakuTar Tavze aiReba. Sen gevaleba, werilobiT Camoayalibo azri mTavrobis iniciativis Sesaxeb _ emxrobi Tu ara am iniciativas? ratom?

warmoidgine, rom Sen cxovrob 2050 wels. ukve ramdenime welia, rac SesaZlebelia bavSvis genebis analizis safuZvelze misi Tandayolili Tvisebebis sruli aRwera misi dabadebisTanave. mTavroba apirebs, SemoiRos axali dabadebis mowmobebi, romlebSic Seva Semdegi monacemebi: sicocxlis savaraudo xangrZlivoba; fizikuri janmrTelobis zogadi koeficienti; niWierebis koeficienti; inteleqtis koeficienti.

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suxiSvilebis ojaxuri tradicia saqarTveloSi yvelas smenia suxiSvilebis qoreografiuli ansamblis, saqarTvelos nacionaluri baletis Sesaxeb, romelmac qarTul cekvas mTels msoflioSi gauTqva saxeli. am saqmes suxiSvilebis gvaris ukve mesame Taoba emsaxureba.

erT-erTi faqtori, romelic gavlenas axdens pirovnebis warmatebaze ama Tu im sferoSi aris socialuri memkvidreobiToba - mocekvavis Svili irCevs igive profesias ara mxolod imitom, rom Tandayolili monacemebi aqvs, aramed imitomac, rom bavSvobidan gaicno da Seiyvara es profesia.

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Rirebulebebi da principebi

Camowere Sesabamis svetebSi ori cnobili pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi. Sens svetSi gadawere isini, rac TviTonac gaxasiaTebs da daamate is Tvisebebi, romlebic sxva or svetSi ar aRmoCnda, magram gaqvs Sen.

daviT aRmaSenebli

me

adolf hitleri

TanajgufelebTan erTad imsjele: gaqvs Tu ara romelime svetSi CamoTvlili mxolod uaryofiTi an mxolod dadebiTi Tvisebebi? romelSi? ratom? Seni azriT, arsebobs Tu ara pirovneba, romelsac mxolod dadebiTi Tvisebebi aqvs? ris mixedviT vmsjelobT, dadebiTia pirovneba, Tu uaryofiTi? Sens svetSi CamoTvlili Tvisebebidan romelia Tandayolili (Tvisebebi, romlebic gaqvs dabadebidan) da romeli _ SeZenili (Tvisebebi, romlebsac iZen cxovrebis manZilze)? ra Rirebulebebi gaaCniaT aRniSnul pirovnebebs? rogor aisaxeboda es Rirebulebebi am adamianTa moqmedebebSi?

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riTi ufro zustad Sefasdeba pirovneba, misi mier gamocxadebuli RirebulebebiT Tu misive moqmedebebiT? ra aris am pirovnebebis saerTo Rirebulebebi? pirovnebis Rirebulebebi migvaniSnebs, ra aris misTvis mniSvnelovani da Zvirfasi cxovrebaSi, ra mowons, ras miiCnevs kargad. magaliTad: sikeTe, gulaxdiloba, guluxvoba, samSoblos siyvaruli. Rirebulebebze dayrdnobiT pirovneba SeimuSavebs principebs - qcevis zogad wesebs mTeli cxovrebisaTvis. principebi gviCvenebs, rogor aRwevs da inarCunebs pirovneba imas, rac misTvis Zvirfasi da mniSvnelovania. magaliTad, patriotizmi _ Rirebulebaa. am Rirebulebas iziarebdnen adolf hitleri da daviT aRmaSenebeli, magram maTi principebi gansxvavdeboda _ es ori pirovneba sxvadasxvanairad gamoxatavda samSoblosadmi siyvaruls qcevaSi.

kiTxvebi

waikiTxe da aRniSne, romel Rirebulebas an Rirebulebebs eyrdnoba qvemoT CamoTvlili principebi? gvelsa xvreliT amoiyvans ena tkbilad moubari; xams moyvare moyvrisaTvis Tavi Wirsa ar damridad; jer mware Wame, kvlav tkbili, Tu eZeb gemovnebasa; ara varga usazomo; pativi eci dedasa da mamasa Sensa; samSoblos arvis wavarTmevT, Cvenc nurvin Segvecileba! Tavad Camoayalibe SenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani sami principi, rodesac irCev megobrebs. romel Rirebulebebs eyrdnoba es principebi?

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rogor gesmis am gamonaTqvamis mniSvneloba?

iyo pirovneba niSnavs _ gqondes unari, iyo sakuTari Tavis batoni arCeuli principebis wyalobiT. (kanti)

principuli pirovneba iSviaTad Ralatobs sakuTar Rirebulebebsa da Sexedulebebs, Tumca principuloba ar niSnavs sijiutes. zogjer principebis gadaxedva da Secvla pirovnebis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani pirobaa. pirovneba aris adamiani, romelic viTardeba sazogadoebaSi, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobisas. pirovnebad Camoyalibebis procesSi adamiani iZens sxvebTan Tanaarsebobis unar-Cvevebs, uyalibdeba xasiaTi, Rirebulebebi, nebisyofa, iZens codnas da gamocdilebas. yvela pirovnebas aqvs Rirebulebebi, moTxovnilebebi da interesebi. Rirebuleba aris warmodgena sasurvelis, misaRebis da miuReblis Sesaxeb, rac gavlenas axdens adamianis an jgufis mizansa da qmedebaze. adamians Rirebulebebisa da moTxovnilebebis safuZvelze uyalibdeba interesebi, romlebic cxovrebis sxva dasxva etapze icvleba.

am etapze ra aris Seni interesi da ra Rirebulebebi da moTxovnilebebi ganapirobeben am interess? interesi Rirebuleba moTxovnileba

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Cemi adgili sazogadoebaSi

aRwere erTi Cveulebrivi dRe. yuradReba gaamaxvile Sens saqmianobaze da gamoyavi im adamianTa jgufebi, visTanac dRis ganmavlobaSi giwevs urTierToba. gaanawile adamianebis sxvadasxva jgufTan gatarebuli dro: jgufi ojaxis wevrebi Tanaklaselebi samegobro samezoblo fexburTis gundi xatvis wre da a.S. (gaagrZele CamonaTvali) maTTan gatarebuli dro

pirvelyofil Temur wyobilebaSi adamianTa gaerTianebis mizezs gadarCenis instinqti warmoadgenda, vinaidan pirvelyofil adamians jgufSi ukeT SeeZlo mtrisagan Tavis dacva da sakvebis mopoveba. Tanacxovreba, erToblivi Zalisxmeva gadarCenisTvis, sakvebis mopovebisa Tu Tavdasxmebis mogeriebisTvis, dResac aucilebeli damaxasiaTebeli niSania cxovelTa zogierTi populaciisTvis, Tumca, cxovelTa erToblioba sazogadoebas ar warmoadgens. sazogadoeba mxolod adamianTa erTad cxovrebis damaxasiaTebeli formaa. adamianTa gaerTianebis zemoT aRniSnuli mizezebis garda, arsebobs kidev ramdenime mizezi: mag: socializacia _ sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis SeZena; saerTo interesebi, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis moTxovnileba, urTierTsimpaTiebi; saerTo

23

mizani an saqme, romlis damoukideblad miRweva an gakeTeba, mxolod erTi adamianisTvis SeuZlebelia. sazogadoeba aris adamianTa Tanacxovrebisa da erToblivi saqmianobis forma. adamianTa es gaerTianeba iqmneba saerTo interesebis da saWiroebebis, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad, an urTierTsimpaTiebis gavleniT. mas axasiaTebs mdgradoba, saerTo Rirebulebebi da qcevis gansazRvruli normebi. mag., skolis TanamSromlebi qmnian sazogadoebas, radgan isini urTierToben garkveuli saerTo interesebis safuZvelze. gansazRvre, romel sazogadoebas uTmob met dros. gaerTiandi im TanajgufelebTan, romelTac Seni msgavsi gansazRvreba aqvT. gamoikvlie da ganixile TanajgufelebTan erTad:

kiTxvebi

ra saerTo interesebi gaerTianebT? grZnob Tu ara sarulfasovnad da daculad Tavs jgufSi, romelsac Tavs miakuTvneb? rogor grZnob amas? iTvaliswineb Tu ara Seni sazogadoebas sxva wevrebis interesebsa da uflebebs? rogor? emTxveva Tu ara Seni interesebi im sazogadoebis interesebs, romlis wevradac Tavs miiCnev? ra interesebia es? Camowere 3 sazogadoeba, romlis wevradac miiCnev Tavs (magaliTad: ojaxi, megobrebis wre) da Semdeg, kiTxvis mixedviT,

24

Sesabamis grafaSi Cawere pasuxebi. ratom miakuTvneb Tavs am sazogadoebas? am sazogadoebis wevroba nebayoflobiTad migaCnia Tu savaldebulod?
sazogadoeba safuZveli nebayofilobiTi savaldebulo

ramdenime TanajgufelTan erTad gansaxilvelad airCie erT-erTi ojaxis foto, daasaTaure da aRwere: aRniSne, romeli sityvebi Seesabameba Sens mier warmodgenil ojaxs: siyvaruli TanagrZnoba siRaribe urTierTpativiscema Tanadgoma undobloba gulgatexiloba daTmoba TanamSromloba sasowarkveTa uimedoba miteveba pasuxismgebloba martooba funqciebis ganawileba erTmaneTis uflebebis dacva Zaladoba sxvisi azris gaTvaliswineba Ralati alersi zrunva + -

25

26

ra aris, Seni azriT, ojaxi ?

ojaxi

sainteresoa, rogor Seavseben am sqemas Seni ojaxis sxva wevrebi? scade, SesTavaze Seavson da Semdeg Seadare Sensas. sainteresoa, ra iqneba msgavsi da ra - gansxvavebuli?

27

pirovnuli da saerTo interesebi

Seavse cxrili _ moifiqre, ra sargebeloba moaqvs SenTvis CamoTvlil jgufebSi yofnas? jgufi ojaxi megobrebi klasi gaerTianebis ra saerTo mizezebia samive jgufisaTvis? dawere daskvna (erTi abzaci) me var gaerTianebuli sxvadasxva jgufSi, radgan sargebeli

ratom qmnian adamianebi jgufebs? jgufebis Camoyalibebis mniSvnelovani mizezi gadarCenis instinqtia. pirvelyofil adamians jgufSi ukeT SeeZlo mtrisgan Tavis dacva da sakvebis mopoveba. is, rom Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi adamianis cxovreba ufro usafrTxoa, adamianebis erToblivi (jgufuri), mravalsaukunovani Zalisxmevis Sedegia. gadarCenis da Tavdacvis survili dResac xSirad rCeba adamianTa gaerTianebis mizezad. jgufebSi gaerTianebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani mizezi sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisaTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis SeZenaa. magaliTad, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobisas Cven vswavlobT metyvelebas. iseT jgufebSi, rogori-

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caa ojaxi, skola, megobrebis wre, adamiani ecnoba Rirebulebebs, iTvisebs qcevis wesebs. am process socializacia ewodeba. jgufebSi gaerTianeba aucilebelia adamianis iseTi mniSvnelovani moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebisaTvis, rogoricaa urTierToba _ amitom jgufSi gaerTianebas xSirad saerTo interesebi da urTierTsimpaTiebi ganapirobebs. (magaliTad megobrebis wre) xSirad adamianebi erTiandebian saerTo saqmis an miznis irgvliv, romlis ganxorcieleba marto SeuZlebelia. (magaliTad, fexburTis gundi, an klasi). erTad adamianebs ufro uadvildebaT uaryofiTi emociebis (magaliTad SiSis) daZleva. bankis mZarcvelebis mier mZevlad datovebuli adamianebi aucileblad erT jgufad Seikvrebian da erTmaneTis interesebs daicaven. isini ukve mZarcvelebis winaaRmdeg gaerTianebul jgufs warmoadgenen).

kiTxvebi

upasuxe kiTxvebs: gaixsene moqmedeba, qceva, romelsac klasis wevrTa umravlesoba yoveldRiurad asrulebs? riT aris ganpirobebuli im moswavleTa erTgvarovani saqcieli, romlebsac gansxvavebuli gemovneba da survilebi gaaCniaT? gaixsene ori SemTxveva Seni cxovrebidan da mouyevi Tanaklaselebs:

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1. SemTxveva, rodesac Seni interesi ar emTxveoda sazogadoebis (romelime jgufis _ ojaxis, megobrebis, mezoblebis) interess da rogor ganviTarda movlenebi (konfliqtiT, daTmobiT, SeTanxmebiT). dRes msgavs situaciaSi rom aRmoCnde, rogor imoqmedeb? ras Secvli Sens qcevaSi? 2. SemTxveva, romelic naTeli magaliTi iqneba imisa, Tu rogor emTxveva Seni pirovnuli da sazogadoebis interesi erTmaneTs. Seni azriT, ra Rirebulebebs da moTxovnilebebs efuZneboda es interesi, rogorc sazogadoebis, ise Seni mxridan? waikiTxe jgufebis tipebis ganmartebebi da miawere TiToeul jgufs, romelsac miakuTvne Seni Tavi, misi Sesabamisi tipi. jgufebis tipebi sazogadoeba adamianebis erTobliobaa. cxadia, rom individebis yovelgvari gaerTianeba, magaliTad, SemTxveviTi da droebiTi, sazogadoebas ver warmoqmnis. amisTvis aucilebelia saerTo miznebisa da interesebis arseboba. myari jgufi iseTi gaerTianebaa, romelic grZelvadian urTierTkavSirze aris dafuZnebuli. aramyar, droebiT an SemTxveviT jgufSi ki aramdgradi da moklevadiani urTierTobebi yalibdeba (magaliTad TviTmfrinavis mgzavrTa jgufi an stadionze sportuli gundis gulSematkivarTa jgufi).

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Rirseba

yvela adamiani Tavisufali da sakuTari RirsebiTa da uflebebiT Tanaswori ibadeba. adamianis Rirseba misi ganuyofeli da Tandayolili Tvisebaa. Rirseba universaluri cnebaa. is saxelmwifoze, erovnebasa da ideologiaze maRla dgas. igi yvela uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa wyaroa. arsebobs Rirsebis ori saxe _ adamianuri da piradi. piradi Rirseba TiToeuli adamianis mier cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi keTilSobiluri saqcieliT, keTili saqmeebiT miiRweva da ilaxeba uRirsi, sulmdabali qmedebisas. aqedan gamomdinare, is gvinergavs sakuTari Tavis pativiscemas da sxvisi Rirsebis dafasebasac. adamianuri Rirseba erTnairad aqvs momadlebuli yvela adamians _ iqneba es axalSobili, amqveynad rom araferi Seuqmnia, Tu Camoyalibebuli damnaSave.

waikiTxe da imsjele: ezope1 warmoSobiT frigieli iyo, monad dabadebuli. didad afasebda Turme qsenfi, Tavadac filosofosi da moazrovne, Tavisi monis gamWriaxobas. TanasworiviT hkiTxavda xolme rCevas ezopes da isic TanasworiviT pasuxobda patrons. kuziani, Seuxedavi, uuflebo da upovari mona gasamrjelod mxolod Tavisuflebas iTxovda... Tumca sul amaod.
1 ezope _ cnobili meigavarake, cxovrobda VI s. Cvens welTaRricxvamde. ezopem dawera 400-mde igav-araki.

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erTxel ezope da misi patroni sasaflaoze ganZs waawydnen. qsenfi ganZis naxevarsa da Tavisuflebas Sepirda monas, magram Semdeg sixarbem sZlia: napovni rom gagiyo, xalxs Semiyri da am qveynis mmarTveli yvelafers wagvarTmevso. _ ar minda Seni oqro, mxolod Tavisufleba miboZe, _ isev sTxova ezopem. _ vficav zevss, aseT brZensa da Rirseuls, verafriT Segelevi! _ nebiT ar gamiSveb, gemiT waval, _ Seesityva mona patrons. _ xma Caiwyvite, araraobav, arafris mqones es Tavisufleba raRad ginda? _ ganrisxda qsenfi... kiTxva diskusiisTvis: ra mTavari adamianuri faseuloba Seuracxyo qsenfma? rogor gesmis sityva ~Rirseba? misi mniSvneloba? (SeavseT sqema)

ojaxi

32

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

muxli 1 yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali, Tavisi RirsebiTa da uflebebiT Tanaswori. adamianebs momadlebuli aqvT goneba da sindisi da erTmaneTs Zmuri suliskveTebiT unda epyrobodnen.

muxli 2 deklaraciiT gamocxadebuli yvela ufleba da Tavisufleba miniWebuli unda hqondes yvela adamians _ ganurCevlad rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri da sxva mrwamsis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavlobis, qonebrivi Tu sxva mdgomareobisa.

daiyaviT 4-5 kacian jgufebad. yuradRebiT gaecaniT situaciebis CamonaTvals. ganixileT da SeTanxmdiT, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi ilaxeba adamianuri Rirseba da ra SemTxvevaSi _ piradi Rirseba. SeavseT sqema: a. Tanaklaselma megobar gogonas varcxniloba dauwuna da dascina. b. qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxurs TveobiT ar gaaqvs nagavi. g. janmrTelobis cnobis asaRebad moqalaqeebs poliklinikaSi ramdenjerme uxdebaT misvla da lodini. d. gamyidvelma uxeSad mimarTa momxmarebels. e. eqimma, Tanxis gadauxdelobis gamo, pacients daugviana operacia. v. direqtorma, TanamSromelTa dawinaurebisas, upiratesoba mamakacs mianiWa. z. maswavlebelma xmamaRla waikiTxa moswavlis piradi werili.

33

T. cudad Cacmul adamians, sastumros administratorma ganucxada, rom Tu igi safasurs winaswar ar gadaixdida, sastumroSi dabinavebaze uars etyodnen. i. dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli TanamSromlebs samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg damatebiT tovebs yovelgvari winaswari SeTanxmebisa da anazRaurebis gareSe. k. sasjelmoxdili axalgazrda samsaxurSi ar miiRes. l. ufrosma dam Zmis satelefono saubari moismina da mSoblebs uambo. adamianuri Rirseba piradi Rirseba

34

gaerTianeba, anu SeTanxmeba

`yovel adamians aqvs movaleobebi sazogadoebis winaSe, radgan mxolod sazogadoebaSia SesaZlebeli misi pirovnebis Tavisufali da sruli ganviTareba~ adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

kiTxvebi
Seni azriT, aris Tu ara aucilebeli jgufSi da sazogadoebaSi wesebis arseboba? ratom? warmogidgenia fexburTis TamaSi wesebis gareSe? ra moxdeboda moedanze, wesebi rom ar arsebobdes?

Cveni qceva jgufSi ganisazRvreba imiT, Tu ras elian Cvengan sxva wevrebi. jgufSi yovelTvis arsebobs qcevis wesebi (xSirad dauwereli), romelTac yvela wevri icavs. am wesebs normebi ewodeba. normebi jgufSi miRebuli Rirebulebebis sarkea. normis darRvevisaTvis jgufis wevri isjeba. moswavle, romelic Seuracxyofas miayenebs Tanaklasels megobrebisagan sayvedurs miiRebs, ~uadgilo xumrobas mohyveba civi dumili. dasja SeiZleba iyos ufro oficialuric - magaliTad, jarimis gadaxda an cixeSi Casma. normis kargad SesrulebisaTvis adamians waaxaliseben, magaliTad qebis saxiT. bejiTi moswavle maRal Sefasebas iRebs gamocdaze, kargi TanamSromeli - premias an maRal xelfass.

35

dasjisa da waxalisebis xerxebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen normebis dacvas, sanqciebi ewodeba. SeimuSaveT Tqveni saswavlo jgufis umniSvnelovanes wesTa nusxa, romelic 10 punqtisgan Sedgeba wesebi ra problemebs agvaridebs Tavidan es wesi?

Cans Tu ara wesebSi normebi da sanqciebi? aris Tu ara es wesebi srulyofili? ucvleli? Cans Tu ara Tqveni nusxidan wesebis Secvlis wesi? rogor ggoniaT, rogori unda iyos es wesi? ratom?

normebisa da sanqciebis didi nawili jgufis dauwerel wesebSi gamoixateba, yvelaze mniSvnelovani normebi da Sesabamisi sanqciebi ki kanonebis saxes atarebs. wesebi da kanonebi jgufSi adamianis Tavisuflebis garkveul SezRudvas gulisxmobs. am daTmobaze pirovneba Segnebulad midis, radgan jgufSi yofna misTvis, ama Tu im saxiT, aucileblobas warmoadgens. iseve, rogorc calkeuli pirovneba icavs jgufis wesebs, calkeuli jgufic iziarebs ufro didi sazogadoebis wesebs, romlis SemadgenlobaSic is Sedis. klasis wesebSi aisaxeba skolis wesebi, ojaxis wesebSi _ sazogadoebaSi miRebuli Rirebulebebi da wesebi da a.S. wesebis dacva aucilebelia, magram yvela wesi ar aris mudmivi da ucvleli. jgufis wevrebma Riad unda ganixilon sakiTxi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Secvalon zogierTi wesi.

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sazogadoebrivi interesi: ra aris (an iqneboda) kargi mTlianad sazogadoebisaTvis. piradi interesi: ra aris (an iqneboda) kargi pirovnebisaTvis, an adamianTa jgufisaTvis, magram ara aucileblad farTo sazogadoebisaTvis.

sazogadoebaSi ganawilebulia uflebebi da movaleobebi. Tu sazogadoebis wevri Tavis uflebas gadaaWarbebs, an dakisrebul movaleobas ar Seasrulebs, mas Sesabamisi pasuxismgebloba ekisreba, iqneba es dasja Tu gakicxva. es xdeba tradiciebis, zneobrivi da religiuri normebis an saxelmwifos mier dadgenili kanonebis safuZvelze. pirvel grafaSi Camowere sami jgufi, romlis wevradac miiCnev Tavs (mag: ojaxi, klasi). uflebebisa da movaleobebis grafaSi ki Camowere is konkretuli uflebebi da movaleobebi, romlebic am jgufis mimarT gagaCnia. mag: movaleobaa, pativs scemde jgufis sxva wevrebs, uflebaa, monawileobde am jgufis mier gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi.

jgufi

uflebebi

movaleobebi

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Tavisufleba
Seni uflebebi mTavrdeba iq, sadac iwyeba sxvisi uflebebi. lao Zi adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis ganxorcielebam ar unda daarRvios sxvebis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. saqarTvelos konstitucia, 44-e muxli

kiTxvebi
Seni azriT, ras niSnavs sityva Tavisufleba? ganmarte cneba `Tavisufleba~ Seni sityvebiT Tavisufleba niSnavs Seni azriT, arsebobs Tu ara sazogadoebaSi absoluturi Tavisufleba? ratom?

Tavisufleba niSnavs adamianis SesaZleblobas, imoqmedos Tavisi nebis Sesabamisad ise, rom ar avnos sxvebsa da sakuTar Tavs da ar SezRudos sxvaTa Tavisufleba. amave dros, Tavisufleba niSnavs moqmedebaze pasuxismgeblobasac. amitom Tavisufleba gulisxmobs rogorc uflebebs, ise movaleobebs. yoveli ufleba SezRudulia Sesabamisi movaleobiT. es niSnavs, rom adamians SeuZlia, isargeblos uflebebiT mxolod garkveul farglebSi ise, rom ar SezRudos sxvaTa uflebebi.

Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa ganxorcielebisas yoveli adamiani unda ganicdides iseT SezRudvebs, romlebic kanoniTaa dadgenili martooden im mizniT, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas sxvebis uflebaTa da wesrigisa da saerTo keTildReobis samarTliani moTxovnebi demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 29

38

adamianis uflebaTa deklaraciaSi CamoTvlilia adamianis ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebi, romelTagan umniSvnelovanesia: - sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba; - fiqris, rwmenis, azris qonisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba; - asociaciebSi gaerTianebis Tavisufleba ra uflebebi da movaleobebi igulisxmeba TiToeulSi? (Seavse cxrili) ufleba movaleoba (rogor vuwyob xels sxvaTa imave uflebis uzrunvelyofas?) mag: pativi vce sxvis gadawyvetilebas da principebs

vixelmZRvanelo Cemi principebiT mqondes sakuTari Sexeduleba nebismier sakiTxze gaverTiande jgufebSi

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10

gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken

ras gadaagdeb zRvaSi

warmoidgineT, rom axal kontinentze gemiT gasamgzavreblad emzadebiT. am kontinentze amJamad, aravin cxovrobs. Tqven kontinentze Casuli pirveli adamianebi iqnebiT da axali qveynis daarseba mogiwevT. jgufuri samuSao: maswavlebelma TiToeul jgufs mogcaT konvertebi ~survilis~ da `saWiroebis~ baraTebiT. baraTebze yvela is nivTia aRniSnuli, romlebic Tqven axal qveyanaSi cxovrebis dasawyebad Tan unda waiRoT. gaxseniT konverti da kargad gaecaniT baraTebs. gemi ukve zRvaSi gadis: Tavidan mogzauroba Zalze sasiamovnoa. mze anaTebs da zRva mSvidia. magram uceb didi Stormi iwyeba da gemis rwevas iwyebs. ufro sworad, CaZirvas! imisTvis, rom gemi ar CaiZiros, gembanidan sami baraTi unda gadaagdoT. moifiqreT da gadawyiteT, Tu ras SeeleviT? gaxsovdeT, rom am nivTebs veRar daibrunebT. SeagroveT `zRvaSi gadagdebuli~ baraTebi maswavlebelTan da erTad SekariT. zRva rogorc iqna damSvidda. yvelam SvebiT amoisunTqa, Tumca amindis biurom gamoacxada rom mexuTe kategoriis qariSxali amovarda da gemisken moemarTeba. Tu gindaT, rom qariSxals gadaurCeT, kidev sami baraTi unda gadaagdoT zRvaSi. gaxsovdeT: ar gadaagdoT is, rac SesaZloa axal qveyanaSi dagWirdeT.

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iseve, rogorc wina jerze, SeagroveT baraTebi da calke SeinaxeT. Zlivs gadavrCiT! TiTqmis mivadeqiT axal kontinents. yvela gaxarebuli da aRelvebulia. Tumca, rogorc ki horizontze miwa gamoCnda, gems uzarmazari veSapi daejaxa da mis gverdze naprali gaCnda, ase rom gemi ufro mCate unda gaxdes! kidev sami baraTis gadagdeba mogiwevT. SeagroveT da calke SekariT es baraTebi. vaSa! mSvidobiT mivaRwieT axal kontinents da mzad varT axali qveynis asaSeneblad. TiToeul jgufma, daawebeT/daamagreT darCenili baraTebi furcelze, rom yvelas gaxsovdeT, Tu ra migaqvT axal kontinentze. gaqvT yvela is nivTi, romlebic axal kontinentze gagaZlebinebT? romelic gazrdasa da ganviTarebaSi mogexmarebaT? TiToeulma jgufma CamokideT Tqveni furceli oTaxSi. axseniT, ra migaqvT axal kontinentze? xom ar grCebaT raime iseTi, rac axal kontinentze aucilebelia? rac Semdgomi ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas mogcemT? ganxilva da Sefaseba a. ra mogewonaT am savarjiSoSi? b. rogor gadawyviteT, rom ama Tu im nivTis gareSe gaZlebdiT? ra iyo am dros yvelaze mniSvnelovani? g. iyo Tu ara rTuli zogierTi gadawyvetilebis miReba? romlis? d. iyo Tu ara jgufSi uTanxmoeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra dagetovebinaT da ra gadagegdoT? rogor moagvareT es uTanxmoeba? e. yvelas erTi da igive ram sWirdeba? vis SeiZleba hqondes gansxvavebuli saWiroebebi?

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v. ras fiqrobT Tqvens saboloo arCevanze? SeZlebT axal qveyanaSi cxovrebas? SeZlebT normalurad ganagrZoT zrda da ganviTareba? z. rogor miiRo Tqvenma jgufma gadawyvetileba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gadaegdo? T. gagakvirvaT saboloo Sedegma? i. meored rom mogixdeT am savarjiSos Catareba, sxva nivTebs gadaagdebdiT? adamianis uflebebi adamianis saWiroebebs ukavSirdeba da imas efuZneba, rac yvela adamians gadarCenis, zrdis, ganviTarebisa da Rirsuli cxovrebisTvis sWirdeba. a. gqondaT yvela is nivTi, rac gadarCenaSi dagexmaraT? b. gqondaT yvela is nivTi, rac zrdasa da ganviTarebaSi dagexmaraT? g. romeli iyo is nivTi, romlis qonis survili gqondaT, magram gadawyviteT, rom is ar iyo aucilebeli? adamians yvela ufleba sWirdeba imis miuxedavad, ramdenad da ra sixSiriT uwevs maTi gamoyeneba. zogierTi ufleba sicocxlis SesanarCunebladaa aucilebeli, magaliTad sakvebi, samedicino momsaxureba, sufTa wyali da TavSesafari. zogi ki imisTvisaa saWiro, rom adamianma kargad icxovros da ganviTardes. mxolod is, rom cocxali xar, ar aris sakmarisi. a. romel baraTebzea gamosaxuli nivTebi, romlebic SesaZloa gindodeT, magram Tavis gadasarCenad ar aris ucilebeli? b. romel baraTebzea gamosaxuli nivTebi, romlebic fizikuri gadarCenisTvisaa aucilebeli? g. romel baraTebzea gamosaxuli nivTebi, romlebic Cven zrdisa da ganviTarebisTvis SeiZleba dagvWirdes? d. ra moxdeba am axal qveyanaSi, rom ar gqondeT __-------__________________________________? (airCieT baraTebze mocemuli ramdenime magaliTi)

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dasarigebeli masala: `survilis da `saWiroebis baraTebi

sakuTari azris sxvisTvis gaziarebis saSualeba

fuli, romlis daxarjva SemiZlia Cemi survilis mixedviT

sufTa wyali

sakuTari saZinebeli

internetis qselSi CarTuli kompiuteri

Tanasworoba da diskriminaciis dauSvebloba

43

dasarigebeli masala: `survilis da `saWiroebis baraTebi

sufTa garemo

mobiluri telefoni

kokakola da hamburgeri

dasvenebis da TamaSis saSualeba

televizori da gazeTi

religiuri mrwamsis gamovlenis saSualeba

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77

dasarigebeli masala: `survilis da `saWiroebis baraTebi

komfortuli sacxovrebeli

moduri tansacmeli

dasveneba zRvis sanapiroze

noyieri sakvebi

Seuracxyofisa da Zalmomreobisgan dacva

ganaTleba

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dasarigebeli masala: `survilis da `saWiroebis baraTebi

eqimebi

velosipedi

tkbileuloba

samkaulebi

MP3 da diskmeni

Tbili tansacmeli

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79

dasarigebeli masala: `survilis da `saWiroebis baraTebi

mSoblebi

saTamaSoebi da TamaSebi

wamlebi da daavadebebis winaaRmdeg acrebis Catareba

demokratiuli arCevnebi da demokratiuli kanonebi

saaTi

Cems enaze saubris da Cemi kulturiT sargeblobis saSualeba

80

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11

ufleba, movaleoba, pasuxismgebloba

ra ici Seni uflebebis Sesaxeb? yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Cven sxvadasxva urTierTobaSi vmonawileobT da sxvadasxva uflebiT vsargeblobT. magaliTad, rogorc Svils, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, mSoblisgan mzrunveloba da sarCo miiRoT, skolisgan ki _ saTanado ganaTleba.

ufleba niSnavs adamianis SesaZleblobas, sakuTari Sexedulebisa da interesebis mixedviT, ganaxorcielos gansazRvruli moqmedebebi, daicvas sakuTari interesebi da rogorc saxelmwifos, ise sxva pirebsac, mosTxovos am uflebebis dacva.

ganasxvaveben bunebiT, anu absolutur uflebebsa da SezRudul uflebebs. bunebiTi, anu absoluturi uflebebi dabadebisTanave moipoveba da maTi SezRudva ar SeiZleba, magaliTad, sicocxlis ufleba. SezRudulia uflebebi, romlebic saxelmwifo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisas, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, SeiZleba SeizRudos. ZiriTadi uflebebi, upirveles yovlisa, saxelmwifosgan adamianis damcavi uflebebia, romlebic mas saxelmwifos mxridan mis cxovrebasa da saqmianobaSi Carevisgan icaven.

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diskusia: romeli uflebebis SezRudva aris dauSvebeli da ratom? magaliTi

saqarTvelos konstituciis1 24-e muxli gansazRvravs: yovel adamians aqvs ufleba, Tavisuflad miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia, gamoTqvas da gaavrcelos Tavisi azri zepirad, werilobiT, an sxvagvari saSualebiT. am uflebaTa ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia kanoniT SeizRudos iseTi pirobebiT, romlebic aucilebelia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad, sxvaTa uflebebisa da Rirsebis dasacavad, konfidencialurad aRiarebuli informaciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan asacileblad, an sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelsayofad.

`konstitucia~laTinuri sityvaa da dadgenas, damyarebas niSnavs. termini `konstitucia~ TanamedroveobaSi saxelmwifos ZiriTadi kanonis aRmniSvnel sityvas warmoadgens.

`warmosaxviTi planeta~ warmoidgineT, rom TanaklaselebTan erTad ukacriel planetaze aRmoCndiT. Tqven am planetis pirveli mosaxleebi xarT, romlebmac cxovrebis wesebi unda SeimuSaon. TiToeulma Tqvenganma individualurad CamowereT 5 ZiriTa-

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di ufleba, romelic am planetaze yvelas unda hqondes. jgufuri muSaobis dros ki gansazRvreT 15 ZiriTadi ufleba, romliTac planetis yvela mcxovrebi isargeblebs.

kiTxvebi

1. SeiZleba Tu ara am uflebebis dajgufeba raime niSniT? 2. ra niSniT daajgufebdiT uflebebs? 3. uflebaTa romelime jgufi ufro prioritetulad xom ar migaCniaT?

adamianis uflebebi Tavdapirvelad mxolod samoqalaqo da politikur cxovrebas exeboda. dRes isini ukve kulturul, socialur da ekonomikur sakiTxebsac moicaven. adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa dajgufeba sxvadasxvagvarad xorcieldeba.

Tavisuflebis uflebebi es uflebebi moicavs adamianis cxovrebisa da saqmianobis, Carevisgan Tavisufal sferoebs, romlebSic saxelmwifo an saerTod ver ereva, an ereva mxolod kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili wesiT. am uflebebs ganekuTvneba piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba, sicocxlis ufleba, azris, sindisis, religiisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba, sakuTrebis ufleba da a. S.

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 Tanasworobis uflebebi Tanasworobis uflebebi warmoadgenen saxelmwifos mxridan yvela moqalaqisadmi Tanasworad mopyrobis garantias. es uflebebia: kanonis winaSe yvelas Tanasworoba, Tanasworoba sqesis, warmoSobis, rasis, kanis feris, enis, rwme nis, qonebrivi Tu wodebrivi mdgomareobis, religiuri Tu politikuri Sexedulebebis ganurCevlad, moqalaqeTa Tanaswori saarCevno ufleba da a.S. saproceso uflebebi saproceso uflebebi efeqtiani samarTlebrivi dacvis garantias qmnian. maT ganekuTvneba udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis ufleba. eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis uflebis dacva da a.S. (prezumfcia _ laTinuri sityvaa da niSnavs varaudze damyarebul mosazrebas. samarTlebrivi terminologiiT prezumfcia niSnavs raime faqtis aRiarebas sarwmunod, vidre ar damtkicdeba misi mcdaroba. prezumfcia aris varaudi, romelic faqtebsa da movlenebs Soris mravalzgis danaxul da SemCneul kavSirs emyareba da sarwmunod iTvleba, vidre sawinaaRmdego ar damtkicdeba).

samoqalaqo, piradi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi _ uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa es jgufi, saerTod, uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis mTeli sistemis safuZvels warmoadgens, radgan piradi uflebebis arsebobis gareSe azrs dakargavda danarCen uflebaTa floba da gamoyeneba. magaliTad, rom ar iyos daculi da garantirebuli sicocxlis ufleba, Tavis mniSvnelobas dakargavda janmrTelobis

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dacvis ufleba, sakuTrebis ufleba da a.S. pirad uflebebs ganekuTvneba: sococxlis ufleba, Tavisufali gadaadgilebis ufleba, rwmenis Tavisufleba da a.S. politikuri uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi _ dakavSirebulia moqalaqeobis qonasTan. am uflebebis realizaciiT moqalaqeebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, monawileoba miiRon saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis marTvaSi, saxelmwifos politikuri xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi uSualod, an warmomadgenlobiTi organos meSveobiT, flobdnen informacias im sazogadoebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb, romlis wevrebic isini arian. politikur uflebebs ganekuTvneba: saarCevno ufleba, Sekrebebsa da manifestaciebSi, saxelmwifos marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba da a.S. socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi _ uzrunvelyofs pirovnebis SesaZleblobas, Rirseulad ganaxorcielos Tavisi danarCeni uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. am jgufis uflebebi uflebas aniWeben adamians, mosTxovos saxelmwifos aucilebeli materialuri sikeTiTa da momsaxurebiT uzrunvelyofa da sargebloba. socialur-ekonomikur uflebebs ganekuTvneba: Sromis ufleba, ganaTlebis ufleba, janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba da a.S. Tavisufleba TviTnebobas ar niSnavs. vinaidan TviTnebobis safuZvelic adamianis nebaa _ igi imas akeTebs, rac surs, bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva: Tavisufleba da TviTneboba xom ar emTxveva erTmaneTs? realurad, maT Soris didi gansxvavebaa. TviTneboba adamianis Wirveulobas, Jins emyareba. TviTnebobis dros adamiani akeTebs imas, rac moesurveba da mo-

52

eprianeba. misi moqmedeba ar aris gamarTlebuli arc raime kanonzomierebiT, arc zneobrivi RirebulebebiT. is moqmedebs maT sapirispirod, radgan ase surs. Tavisufleba gulisxmobs, rogorc uflebebs, aseve movaleobebs. yoveli ufleba SezRudulia Sesabamisi movaleobiT. es niSnavs, rom adamians SeuZlia isargeblos uflebebiT mxolod garkveul farglebSi ise, rom ar SezRudos sxvaTa uflebebi _ arsebobs aseTi gamoTqmac _ `Seni xelis sigrZe mTavrdeba iq, sadac iwyeba sxvisi cxviri~, rac erTgvari gamoxatulebaa, rom Seni uflebebis ganxorcielebam ar unda SezRudos sxvisi uflebebi. absoluturi uflebebi srulad uzrunvelyofilad iTvleba da saxelmwifos arc erT SemTxvevaSi, TviT kanonis safuZvelzec, ar SeuZlia am uflebebis SezRudva. Tumca uflebebis umravlesoba SeiZleba SeizRudos saxelmwifos mier, magram amisTvis saxelmwifom unda daicvas ramdenime mniSvnelovani piroba, kerZod: 1. SezRudva unda ganxorcieldes mxolod kanonis safuZvelze _ Tumca kanoni unda Seesabamebodes adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebis arss. amasTan, kanoni naTeli da mkafio unda iyos, misi norma ki konkretuli, araorazrovani, gasagebi, kanonis darRvevis Sedegebi ki advilad ganWvretadi. 2. uflebis SezRudva aucilebeli unda iyos demokratiuli sazogadoebisTvis _ rac imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifos ar SeuZlia ZiriTad uflebaTa SesazRudad daeyrdnos zogad aucileblobas. SezRudva gamowveuli unda iyos mxolod demokratiuli saxelmwifos SenarCunebis aucileblobiT. 3. kanoniT ZiriTadi uflebis SezRudva aucileblad unda iyos zomieri.

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ganixile magaliTebi da gansazRvre: romel SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba uflebis SezRudva da ratom? romel SemTxvevaSia uflebis SezRudva dasaSvebi da ratom? I magaliTi qveynis erT-erT sofelSi unda gaiaros strategiulma navTobis milsadenma, Sesabamisad, kompanias, romelsac milsadeni gahyavs, surs Seisyidos kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwebi, romlebzec glexebs mohyavT simindi da sxvadasxva produqti. yvela glexi daTanxmda miwis gayidvas, garda erTi mosaxlisa, romelic uars ambobs mamapapiseuli miwis gayidvaze. kompaniam moiTxova saxelmwifosgan, CamoerTva miwa am glexisTvis. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ II magaliTi mezoblebisTvis cnobili gaxda, rom maTi erT-erTi mezobeli daavadebulia tuberkuloziT. maT aiZules daavadebuli mezobeli daetovebina sacxovrebeli adgili, raTa safrTxe ar Seqmnoda sxvebis janmrTelobas. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

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III magaliTi erT-erT gazeTs xelSi Cauvarda saidumlo informacia, romelic qveynis Tavdacvas exeboda. gazeTma sensaciurobis gamo erT-erT nomerSi dabeWda es informacia, saxelmwifom mediasaSualebas aukrZala gavrceleba da moindoma tiraJis gayidvidan amoReba. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

moifiqre SemTxveva, rodesac uflebis SezRudva kanonieria da daasabuTe ratom? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

kiTxvebi

1. ra aris movaleoba? 2. ra movaleobebi gvakisria Cven? 3. ratom vasrulebT Cvens movaleobebs? diskusia

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diskusia: ra moxdeboda, yvelas rom hqondes mxolod ufleba da ar gaaCndes movaleoba? movaleoba aris aucilebeli moqmedebis zoma. movaleobebis dawesebiT, konstitucia saqarTvelos teritoriaze mcxovrebi nebismieri adamianisaTvis adgens garkveuli aucilebeli moqmedebis Sesrulebis moTxovnas. adamiani aucileblad unda daemorCilos garkveul wesebs, raTa misi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis ganxorcielebis dros ar Seilaxos sxva adamianebis, sazogadoebis da saxelmwifos interesebi. ufleba da movaleoba erTmaneTTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli.

I jgufi - gamoxatvis Tavisufleba magaliTad, Tqven eswrebiT skolis Sekrebas, romelzec wydeba saTamaSo moednis mowyobis sakiTxi. Tqven SegiZliaT gamoxatoT Tqveni Sexeduleba, magram, amave dros, ra movaleobebi gaqvT sakuTari azris gamoTqmisas da sxvisi azris mosmenis dros? ra movaleobebi ukavSirdeba am uflebis ganxorcielebas? CamowereT es movaleobebi. ra moxdeba, Tu es movaleobebi ar iqneba daculi? ra unda gaakeToT Tqven an/da sxvam, rom daculi iyos es ufleba? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ II jgufi _ Tanasworoba saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos adamianebis Tanasworoba rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, rwmenis da a.S. miuxedavad. ra unda gaakeTos sxvam, rom garantirebuli iyos Tanasworoba da ra unda gaakeToT Tqven? ra moxdeba, Tu ar iqneba daculi es movaleobebi? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

kiTxvebi

1.acnobierebs Tu ara adamianebis umravlesoba sakuTar movaleobebs da maTi Sesrulebis aucileblobas? 2. Tqveni valdebulebaa, daicvaT mxolod sakuTari uflebebi Tu sxvebisac? 3. romeli movaleobis Sesrulebaa yvelaze rTuli?

kiTxvebi

1. ra aris pasuxismgebloba? 2. rodis gvekisreba pasuxismgebloba? 3. ra saxis pasuxismgebloba arsebobs?

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yovel Cvengans, upirveles yovlisa, aqvs moraluri pasuxismgebloba Cveni ojaxis, megobrebis, axloblebis, skolisa da saxelmwifos winaSe. Tumca es pasuxismgebloba kanonis Tanaxmadac gvekisreba. konstituciaSi weria, rom ,,saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yoveli piri valdebulia asrulebdes saqarTvelos konstituciisa da kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs~, Sesabamisad, konstituciisa da kanonis Seusrulebloba iwvevs iuridiul pasuxismgeblobas. magaliTi: samoqalaqo kodeqsis Tanaxmad, `Svilebi movaleni arian, izrunon mSoblebze da daexmaron maT, Tu Svili nebayoflobiT ar zrunavs mSoblebze, mas sasamarTlo daakisrebs aliments (fuladi sarCo); sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs jarimas 21 wlis asaks miuRweveli piris mier civi iaraRis tarebisTvis; administraciuli kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad ki, satransporto saSualebis marTva piris mier, romelsac ara aqvs marTvis ufleba, an es ufleba CamorTmeuli aqvs sxva darRvevebisaTvis, _gamoiwvevs piris dajarimebas 200 laris odenobiT. ganasxvaveben iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobis Semdeg saxeebs: _ sisxlis-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba _ sasjeli; _ samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba _ miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba; _ administraciul-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba _ saxdeli; _ disciplinuri pasuxismgebloba. rac ufro saSiSia sazogadoebisaTvis samarTaldarRveva, miT ufro mZimea pasuxismgeblobis zoma aRniSnuli

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samarTaldarRvevisaTvis. iuridiuli pasuxismgebloba gulisxmobs samarTaldamrRvevi piris mimarT sxvadasxva saxis iZulebiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebas, romelic saxelmwifos mier aris dadgenili. samarTaldarRvevisaTvis iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobis daweseba miznad isaxavs damrRvev pirTa dasjas, maT mier miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebas, momavalSi maT mier samarTlis normaTa Seusruleblobis Tavidan acilebas da qveyanaSi kanonierebis ganmtkicebas.

Tqveni azriT, ramdenad samarTliania amgvari pasuxismgeblobis daweseba? Tqven ras SesTavazebdiT kanonis mimRebs? CawereT qvemoT gamoyofil adgilebSi. pasuxismgebloba1. dauxmarebloba - sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi myofisaTvis aucilebeli da aSkarad gadaudebeli daxmarebis gauwevloba, Tu damnaSaves SeeZlo misi daxmareba TavisTvis an sxvisTvis seriozuli safrTxis Seqmnis gareSe. agreTve, daxmarebis saWiroebis Seutyobinebloba saTanado dawesebulebisaTvis an pirisaTvis - isjeba jarimiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi, vadiT erT wlamde, an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo SromiT, vadiT as ocidan oras ormoc saaTamde, an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT or wlamde. `Cemi SeTavazeba kanonmdeblebs~ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

kiTxvebi

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pasuxismgebloba 2. arasrulwlovanis Cabma antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi - arasrulwlovanis dayolieba maTxovrobaze an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaze, isjeba sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo SromiT, vadiT as samocdaaTidan oras ormoc saaTamde, an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi, vadiT or wlamde, an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT or wlamde. `Cemi SeTavazeba kanonmdeblebs~ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ skola - mravalferovani sazogadoeba Tqven ukve sabazo safexuris moswavle xarT da saskolo cxovrebis sakmaod xangrZlivi gamocdileba dagigrovdaT. wlebis ganmavlobaSi skolaSi albaT sxvadasxvanairi grZnobebi geuflebodaT: siamaye, gaoceba, siyvaruli, gamarjveba, damarcxeba, siamovneba, sircxvili, dafiqreba, aRtaceba, guliswyroma, gabrazeba, pativiscema, gulgriloba, sixaruli da a.S. xSirad es gancdebi saxlidan skolaSi mogyvebodaT, an pirqiT - skolidan saxlSi. es grZnobebi im adamianebTan da saqmianobasTan aris dakavSirebuli, visTanac skolaSi gaqvT urTierToba da riTac skolaSi xarT dakavebuli. Tqveni gancdebi miT ufro mZafria, rac metad mniSvnelovania TqvenTvis es adamianebi, urTierTobebi, saqmianobebi da maTi Sedegebi. Tqven swavlobT gakveTilis, Sesvenebis, eqskursiis,

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saxlSi mecadineobis, skolis sasadiloSi sauzmobis, klasebs Soris sportuli Sejibrisa Tu sxva nebismieri saqmianobis dros, rac skolasTan aris dakavSirebuli. Tqven swavlobT TanaklaselebTan, mSoblebTan, maswavleblebTan, skolis sxva moswavleebTan Tu TanamSromlebTan da skolaSi mudmivad Tu stumrad mosul uamrav sxva adamianTan erTad, maTi daxmarebiT. Tqven swavlisaTvis iyenebT saklaso oTaxs, wignebs, kompiuterebs, sportul moedans, saaqto darbazs, rveulebs, laboratorias, dafas, fotoebs, bunebriv movlenebze dakvirvebas da uamrav sxva saSualebas, nivTsa Tu sagans. Tqvens swavlasa da warmatebebs upirvelesad Tqven afasebT. Tumca, Tqvens saswavlo Sedegebsa da qcevas sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva adgilas, sxvadasxva adamianebic - yvela, visTan erTadac swavlobT - afaseben. vin da ra aris mniSvnelovani skolis cxovreba bevrad mravalferovania, vidre aq aris aRwerili. bunebrivia, TqvenTvis yvela da yvelaferi yovelTvis erTnairad mniSvnelovani ar iyo da aris. sainteresoa, ris mixedviT adgenen adamianebi mniSvnelobasa Tu umniSvnelobas? adamianisaTvis mniSvnelovani SeiZleba iyos adamianebi, moqmedebebi, azrebi, sagnebi, grZnobebi, garemo, wesebi, movlenebi, momavali da sxva. adamianisaTvis mniSvnelobis xarisxi isazRvreba mis moTxovnilebebTan kavSiris mixedviT.

savarjiSo

Tqvens mewyvile TanaklaselTan erTad, gaixseneT, skolas-

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Tan dakavSirebiT, TqvenTvis vin da ra aris mniSvnelovani? scadeT, es lakonurad aRniSnoT azrobriv rukaze.

skolaSi mniSvnelovania

skolaSi, swavlaSi Tqven marto ar xarT. es erTdroulad or rames niSnavs:

skolaSi yovelTvis moiZebnebian Tqveni ideis mxardamWerebi.

piradad Tqveni nebismieri survili skolaSi SeiZleba yovelTvis ver asruldes.

adamianis moTxovnilebebsa da maT mniSvnelobas sxvadasxva mecnieri gansxvavebulad ganmartavs, warmoadgens. ras niSnavs moTxovnileba? qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, 1986w.

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moTxovnileba 1. saWiroeba; 2. suvili ndoma.

saWiroeba iseTi ram, ris dakmayofilebac aucilebelia

survili miswrafeba, midrekileba risame misaRwevad

savarjiSo

gaiazreT moTxovnilebis ganmarteba. Tqvens TanaklaselebTan erTad, mcire jgufSi ganixileT gaerTianebuli azrobrivi ruka da scadeT, gamoyoT rgolebSi Cawerili sakiTxebidan romlebi ukavSirdeba saWiroebebs da romlebi - survilebs. jgufSi msjelobisas, SeTanxmdiT da Sejerebuli, dasabuTebuli mosazrebebi gadaitaneT venis diagramaze.

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adamiani sazogadoebrivi arsebaa, radgan mas gansakuTrebulad sWirdeba sxva adamianebTan Tanaarseboba. amaSi igulis xme ba, erTi mxriv, ZiriTadi aucileblobebi, rogoricaa sakvebis, wylis, TavSesafris mopoveba da fi zik uri saSiSroebisagan Tavdacva, meore mxriv _ rogorc moazrovne arsebebs SeeferebaT _ isini iziareben saerTo Rirebulebebs, miswrafebebs da saqmianobas. es ki adamianebs erTmaneTisTvis saWiro arsebebad aq cevs. ada miani sxva sulieri arsebebisgan azrovnebisa da gadawyvetilebis miR ebis unariT gamoirCeva. Cven SegviZlia, viyoT Tavisufali - winaswar ganvsazRvroT sakuTari qmedebis Sedegi da ise avirCioT gadawyvetileba. es gangvasxvavebs cxovelebisgan, rom lebic mxolod instinqts emorCilebian. Cveni qceva, sworisa da mcdaris SegrZneba, adamianebTan urTierTobis xa sia Ti, Zalian xSirad ganisazRvreba im sazogadoebrivi jgufiT, romelsac Cven mive ku Tv nebiT.

Tqveni klasi aris is sazogadoebrivi jgufi, romelsac Tqven miekuTvnebiT?

klasi (laT.) 1. saerTo interesebis mqone didi sazogadoebrivi jgufi; 2. moswavleTa jgufi, romelsac saerTo saswavlo programa aqvs. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, 1986w.

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klasi zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis moswavleTa erTianoba, romelSi gaerTianebuli moswavleebic, ZiriTadad, erTad swavloben zogadi ganaTlebis romelime safexuris zogadsaganmanaTleblo programebs. saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanoni. 2005w.

savarjiSo dafiqrdiT da gaeciT cal-calke pasuxebi Semdeg kiTxvas: ratom gWirdebaT da gsurT TanaklaselebTan erTad yofna, swavla, garToba da a.S.? mWirdeba, radgan ------------------------------------------------msurs, radgan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sazogadoeba aris adamianTa Tanacxovrebisa da erToblivi saqmianobis forma. adamianTa es gaerTianeba iqmneba saerTo intersebis da saWiroebebis, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad. mas axasiaTebs mdgradoba, saerTo Rirebulebebi da qcevis ganmsazRvreli normebi. savarjiSo Tqvens TanaklaselebTan erTad, mcire jgufSi ganixileT wina savarjiSoebis Sedegebi da daskvnebi. dasabuTebuli pasuxi gaeciT Semdeg kiTxvebs: ra aris Tqveni klasis erToblivi saqmianoba? ra aris Tqveni klasis saerTo interesebi? ra aris Tqveni klasis saerTo saWiroebebi? visTan urTierTobis moTxovnileba gaqvT Tanaklaselebs?

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ra saerTo Rirebulebebi gaqvT klasSi? gaqvT Tu ara klasSi qcevis ganmsazRvreli saerTo normebi? rogor fiqrobT, drois ra monakveTSi SeiZleba klasi gaerTiandes? ramdenad xangrZlivia Tqveni klasis erTianoba?

skola (berZ.) 1. saswavlo dawesebuleba; 2. rac codnas, gamocdilebas aZlevs adamians; 3. mimdinareoba, mimarTuleba mecnierebaSi, xelovnebaSi, politikaSi, sportSi. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, 1986w.

pasuxebis Sejerebis Semdeg airCieT jgufis wevri, romelic klass warudgens Tqvens saerTo daskvnebs. savarjiSo Tu gaqvT mkafiod Camoyalibebuli mosazreba gansaxilvel kiTxvebze, maSin scadeT, mokled gamoTqvaT igi. skola aerTianebs Tu ara sazogadoebas, romelsac mivakuTnebT Cvens Tavs? vin arian skolasTan dakavSirebulebi: saerTo interesebiT, erTmaneTTan urTierTobiT, erToblivi saqmianobiT? klasSi gamarTuli ganxilvis Sejerebuli Sedegebi CainiSneT. monawileoba sxvebTan erTad moqmedeba raime saqmeSi, sxvebTan erTad yofna rameSi. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, 1986w.

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adamianebis bunebrivi moTxovnilebaa Tanaarseboba - sxvebTan erTad yofna da moqmedeba. es niSnavs, rom TiToeuli monawileobs saerTo cxovrebaSi. kacobriobis ganviTarebasTan erTad, adamianebi cdiloben, rac SeiZleba gazardon Tanaarsebobis farglebi, Sesabamisad, izrdeba Cveni monawileobis farglebic. asakis matebasTan erTad, ufro met da met adamianTan gvsurs da gviwevs urTierToba, saqmianoba, gaerTianeba da.aS. es yvelaferi niSnavs, rom monawileoba Cveni bunebrivi moTxovnilebaa da is aucileblad saerTo interesebs efuZneba. samoqalaqo monawileoba gulisxmobs sazogadoebriv asparezs, sadac nebismier adamians SeuZlia nebayoflobiT monawileobis miReba sxvadasxva saerTo saqmianobaSi. monawileoba adamians exmareba, gaiazros sakuTari SesaZleblobebi, saWiroebebi, rolebi, sargebeli da pasuxismgebloba. nebayoflobiToba da sakuTari rolis mniSvnelobis gaazreba adamianebs Tavdajerebulobas hmatebs. isini sakuTari iniciativiT iwyeben TavianTi problemebis mogvarebas. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileobis miReba aris rogorc adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi principi, ise yvela adamianis moqalaqeobis Semadgeneli nawili. bavSvis uflebis gamdidreba monawileobis uflebis ganmtkicebiT aris erT-erTi saxelmZRvanelo principi da yvelaze progresuli inovacia, romelsac gvTavazobs bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia. bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia gansazRvravs ramdenime gansxvavebul aspeqts monawileobaze bavSvTa uflebis mimarT: ufleba, rom gamoxaton TavianTi Sexedulebebi maTTan dakavSirebul nebismier sakiTxze da rom maTi Sexedulebebi saTanadod iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli (muxli 12) sityvis Tavisufleba, romelic moicavs nebismieri saxis miukerZoebeli informaciis moZiebisa da miRebis

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uflebas (muxli 13) azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba (muxli 14) gaerTianebisa da Sekrebis ufleba (muxli 15) erovnuli da saerTaSoriso wyaroebidan masalebisa da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis ufleba (muxli 17) sazogadoebis kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba (muxli 31).

davaleba

gansazRvreT da mkafiod CamoayalibeT TqvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakiTxi skolis cxovrebaSi, romlis mogvareba an gaumjobesebac gWirdebaT an gsurT. aseve CamoayalibeT, Tu rogor gsurT am sakiTxis gaumjobeseba. gaacaniT Tqveni mosazrebebi nebismier TqvenTvis sasurvel adamians: Tanaklaselebs, Tqvens nacnob sxva moswavleebs, maswavleblebsa da ojaxis wevrebs. gamokiTxviT daadgineT, romeli maTganisaTvis aris igive sakiTxi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da vin iziarebs gaumjobesebis Tqveneul xedvas. aucileblad gaafrTxileT TiToeuli maTgani, rom Tqven mogiwevT am monacemebis sajarod wardgena klasSi. Semdeg sTxoveT, rom sakuTari mxardaWera dagidasturon xelmoweriT. Tu romelime gadaifiqrebs da uars getyviT, ar iRelvoT - yvelas aqvs arCevanis ufleba. Tqveni namuSevari warmoadgineT klasSi da ganixileT.

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12

Cemi arCevani - gadawyvetileba da Sedegi

situacia: `Tqven gindaT ezoSi TamaSi, magram saSinao davaleba jer ar mogimzadebiaT. Tqveni megobrebi gixmoben ezoSi saTamaSod. rogor moiqceviT? xelis aweviT daadastureT, Tu romel gadawyvetilebas miiRebT: 1. Caval saTamaSod ezoSi; 2. davalebas movamzadeb. gaiazreT is Sedegebi, romlebic ama Tu im arCevans SeiZleba mohyves. axla, kidev erTxel miiReT gadawyvetileba. diskusia: ioli iyo Tu ara gadawyvetilebis miReba? romel SemTxvevaSi iyo gadawyvetileba sworad miRebuli? ra Seicvala, roca Sedegebi gaaanalizeT da ratom? ra iswavleT am savarjiSodan? situacia: `klasma gadawyvita `Sataloze~ wasvla gakveTilidan, romelic cxrilSi boloa da romelsac skolaSi axladmosuli, axalgazrda maswavlebeli atarebs. Senc SeuerTdi Tanaklaselebs. meore dRes axalbeda maswavlebeli Tqvens klasSi Semodis _ es axalgazrda qalia, romelsac Tvalebi acremlebuli aqvs. Sen iZulebuli xar, Tavi imarTlo.~ Seni pasuxi iqneba: a) sxva gza ar mqonda, yvela midioda b) bolo gakveTilze, Cveulebriv, ar vrCebiT xolme, Tqven arafer SuaSi xarT

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g) es Cemi gadawyvetileba araa, megobrebis gadawyvetilebaa d) ras vifiqrebdiT, rom ase dagwyvetdiT guls?! e) sxva ---------------------------------------------.1 arCadani TanaklaselebTan erTad moifiqre: am situaciaSi mxolod erTi arCevani gqonda? mxolod ori? ramdeni sxvadasxva gamosavlis mofiqreba SegiZliaT? SeadgineT sia rogor ufro advilia am siis Sedgena, marto Tu jgufSi? ratom? SesaZlebelia Tu ara, gadawyvetilebis miRebisas davuSvaT gamonaklisi jgufSi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi damkvidrebuli wesidan? ratom? es jgufuri gadawyvetilebaa Tu piradi? ratom? arsebobs Tu ara gadawyvetileba Sedegis gareSe? moiyvaneT magaliTi. gadawyvetilebis miReba aris arCevanis gakeTeba ramdenime SesaZlo variants Soris. nebismieri gadawyvetilebis miRebisas pirovnebas asarCevad sul mcire ori SesaZlo varianti aqvs. rac ufro meti variantia asarCevad, miT ufro metia kargi gadawyvetilebis miRebis albaToba. ar arsebobs gadawyvetileba Sedegis gareSe. gadawyvetilebis Sedegi aris Cveni arCevanis grZelvadiani an moklevadiani zegavlena Cvensa da sxva adamianebis cxovrebaze. zogjer sruliad umniSvnelo gadawyvetilebas Zalian mniSvnelovani Sedegebi mohyveba. Sedegebi SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi an uaryofiTi. pirovnebis arCevanma SeiZleba garkveuli zegavlena moaxdinos rogorc erTi konkretuli adamianis cxovrebaze, ise _ adamianTa jgufze, an mTlianad sazogadoebaze. radgan pirovnebas gaaCnia Tavisufali neba, is yovelTvis pasuxismgebelia sakuTari gadawyvetilebis Sedegebze.

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aris situaciebi, rodesac Cven uyoymanod vambobT `diax~, Tumca, sinamdvileSi, SeiZleba arc ki vicodeT, ras moiTxoven Cvengan. mere ki vnanobT, rom davTanxmdiT. gaixsene aseTi SemTxvevebi (saWiro ar aris Txrobisas saxelebis dasaxeleba). warmoidgine, rom viRac gawvdis saRebavis balons da gTavazobs kedelze raimes daxatvas an daweras. vidre raime gadawyvetilebas miiRebde, gaecani sqemas, romelSic amoikiTxav rCevebs rogor moiqce SekiTxva dasvi SekiTxvebi imis gasagebad, ra SeiZleba moxdes da Semdeg gadawyvite, SeiZleba Tu ara am situaciaSi raime usiamovneba SegemTxvas (mag.: problemebi kanonTan, mSoblebTan, skolaSi an sakuTar TavTan), mag., ra unda davxatoT/davweroT? didi xania gagitaca xatvam? vin giTxra, rom SegviZlia amis gakeTeba? da sxva. Tqvi ara Tqvi ara, Tu fiqrob, rom aseTi ramis gakeTeba arasworia, an Tu Tvli,rom amis gamo SeiZleba usiamovneba SegemTxvas.Tu uaris Tqmas daapireb, daasaxele mizezi, ris gamoc ambob aras: ara, es saCemo saqme ar aris. vici, araferi gamomiva; ara, me aseT rameSi ar verevi; ara, ar minda da sxv. alternativa SesTavaze alternativa (erTi an ramdenime):iqneb burTi gveTamaSa? Tu ginda CemTan avideT da musikas movusminoT da sxva.

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Tu ar dagTanxmda, gaecale. waikiTxe problemuri situaciebi da megobarTan erTad Seavse T sqema: marcxena mxares amowere SeTavazebebi, marjvena mxares ki _ Sesabamisi kiTxvebi (ix. qvemoT moyvanili nimuSi): 1. megobarma SemogTavaza biZaSvilis manqaniT gaseirneba. roca manqana daiZra, man alkoholuri sasmeli amoiRo da mogawoda; 2. amxanagma giTxra: `gakveTilis Semdeg moedanze damelode~ da jibidan sigareti amoiRo; 3. amxanagebma SemogTavazes gaseirneba. roca bazrobas miuaxlovdiT, giTxres, rom apireben jixuridan raRacis moparvas; 4. megobarma, romelsac ara aqvs marTvis ufleba, mSoblebis daukiTxavad gamoiyvana manqana da gepatiJebaT saseirnod;
SeTavazeba modi, sigareti gasinje. SekiTxvebi

davaleba
ramdenad rTuli iyo aseT situaciebSi kiTxvebis dasma? ra iyo yvelaze Zneli? ras grZnob, roca kiTxvebs svam? roca ara-s ambob, maSin ras grZnob? rogor ggonia, dagexmareba ganxiluli rCevebi? rogor?

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jgufuri gadawyvetileba _ piradi gadawyvetileba zogjer gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg Tavs amgvarad vimarTlebT: `es Cemi gadawyvetileba ar aris, erTad gadavwyviteT, me ubralod erTi viyavi aT adamians Soris~ an `rogor vetyodi uars, is xom Cemze ufrosi da gamocdilia, Sesabamisad es misi gadawyvetilebaa, Cemi _ ara.~ nebismieri gadawyvetileba, Tundac askacian jgufSi an avtoritetis zegavleniT miRebuli, aris Seni piradi gadawyvetileba. piradi gadawyvetileba ki yovelTvis gulisxmobs pirad pasuxismgeblobas am gadawyvetilebis Sedegebze. kritikuli azrovneba kritikuli azrovneba aris pirovnebis unari, obieqturad gaanalizos arsebuli informacia da gamocdileba - miukerZoeblad Seafasos situacia, SeimuSavos SesaZlo variantebi da miiRos gadawyvetileba sakuTari miznebisa da Rirebulebebis safuZvelze. kritikuli gansjisaTvis aucilebelia sakmao raodenobiT informacia da dafiqreba. kritikulad moazrovne pirovneba iTvaliswinebs, magram brmad arasodes endoba megobrebis, maswavleblebisa da mas mediis azrs, is fiqrobs sakuTari gadawyvetilebis rogorc myisier, ise grZelvadian Sedegebze. kargi gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis saWiroa: - aqtiurad mosmenis unari - namdvilad mosmena imisa, rasac sxva pirovneba ambobs; - TanagrZnoba - gageba imisa, Tu ras grZnobs adamiani; - molaparakebis gamarTvis unari; - im mxareTa mier erTmaneTis interesebis gagebis unari, romlebsac SeexebaT gadawyvetileba;

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- kritikuli azrovneba (alternativebis moZieba/Sexedulebebis Sefaseba) gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi Sedgeba Semdegi safexurebisagan: - problemis gansazRvra. es aucileblad naTlad unda iyos gagebuli, raTa SemoTavazebulma gamosavalma Sedegi mogvces; - sakuTari miznebis gageba. Tqven mier arCeul miznebze gavlenas axdens Rirebulebebi da is faqtorebi, rac TqvenTvis mniSvnelovania. RirebulebaTa prioritetebis gansazRvriT ufro naTlad dainaxavT, Tu ra aris sasurveli; - CamoTvaleT alternativebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba moiqceT; - gaiTvaliswineT Sedegebi TiToeuli saqcielis/gamosavlisaTvis; - SearCieT gamosavali, romelic saukeTesod geCvenebaT da moiqeciT Sesabamisad; - aiReT pasuxismgebloba. Tqven unda aiRoT pasuxismgebloba da mzad iyoT im SedegebisaTvis, rac miRebul gadawyvetilebas mohyveba. Tqven unda gsurdeT icxovroT am SedegiT; - SeafaseT Tqveni gadawyvetileba, raTa dainaxoT, Tu ramdenad karg gavlenas axdens Tqven mier SerCeuli gamosavali situaciaze imgvari saxiT, rogorc es Tqven gindodaT; - gadasinjeT Tqveni arCevani Tu pirvelma arCevanma ar moitana is Sedegi,risi imedic gqondaT; Tu SesaZlebelia, SearCieT meore gamosavali. nu SegeSindebaT miiRoT is gadawyvetileba imitom, rom SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes misi gadasinjva. es procesis nawilia; - iyaviT obieqturi da konkretuli. ecadeT Tavi aaridoT gadawyvetilebis miRebas maSin, roca gaRizianebuli, daRlili an daZabuli xarT. yuradReba gaamaxvileT ara Tqvens emociaze, aramed problemis gadaWraze;

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situacia: `warmoidgineT, rom erT mSvenier dRes iRviZebT da igebT, rom im qalaqSi, sadac cxovrobT, erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi ufrosi Taobis adamianebi aRar iqnebian. Tqven SegiZliaT gaakeToT yvelaferi, rac gindaT. rogor moiqceviT?~ mcire jgufSi moifiqreT da CamowereT is Sedegebi, rac mohyveba Tqvens arCeul moqmedebebs. ganixileT arCeuli qmedebebi da Sesabamisi Sedegebi. datoveT mxolod is variantebi, romlebic yvelasaTvis misaRebi da amasTanave, dadebiTi Sedegebis momtani iqneba. ra SeityveT axali Tqvens Sesaxeb? ra iswavleT? ra aris saWiro efeqturi gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis? Seiswavle yvela saxis xelmisawvdomi informacia Seajere codna pirad gamocdilebasa da RirebulebebTan yovelTvis mzad iyavi, gaiTavliswino sxva SesaZleblobebi gadaxede yvela SesaZlo variants Seafase SesaZlo Sedegebi mzad iyavi, Secvalo gadawyvetileba, Tu axal informacias miiReb Tu Seni arCevani ar amarTlebs, ganixile sxva SesaZleblobebi

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13

konfliqti da misi mogvarebis gzebi

konfliqti da konfliqturi situaciebi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilia, magram Tu adamians SeuZlia maTi marTva da gakontroleba, maSin es sulac ar aris uaryofiTi movlena. sazogadoebrivi konfliqti aris uTanxmoeba, romelic warmoiSoba sazogadoebis wevrebsa an individebs Soris. ZiriTadad ganixilaven xuTi tipis sazogadoebriv konfliqts: RirebulebiTi (dakavSirebuli garkveul damokidebulebebTan ama Tu im movlenis mimarT), informaciuli (dakavSirebuli informaciis simcire/siWarbesTan, xarisxTan, dezinformaciasTan), urTierTdamokidebulebiTi (romelsac qmnis urTierTobis nakleboba an ararseboba), instituciuri (ukavSirdeba wesebs, kanonebs, normebs) da interesTa (dakavSirebuli moTxovnilebebTan da qcevebTan). am tipis konfliqtebi xSiria yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, zog SemTxvevaSi erTdroulad ramdenime saxis konfliqti iCens Tavs.

davaleba

ganixile qveviT mocemuli konfliqturi situaciebi. sazogadoebrivi konfliqtis romel tips miakuTvnebdi TiToeul maTgans? Tanaklaselebma axalgadmosuli moswavle aiTvalwunes da yvela xerxiT cdilobdnen mis iZulebas maTi klasi daetovebina. maT kargad ar gaucvniaT axali klaseli, ar ic-

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nobdnen mis xasiaTsa da Cvevebs. aTvalwunebuli moswavle ki ar Seurigda klaselebis damokidebulebas da maT Soris urTierToba kidev ufro daiZaba. bavSvs unda fexburTze siaruli, mSoblebs ki miaCniaT, rom es drois uqmad kargvaa da misgan ufro met mecadineobasa da fexburTisaTvis Tavis danebebas aiZuleben. maT Soris urTieroba iZabeba. erT-erTma mowafe gogonam afrikuli nawnavebi gaikeTa da ase dadioda skolaSi. skolis direqtorma mas kategoriulad ganucxada, rom Tu nawnavebs ar daiSlida, skolaSi ar dauSvebda. maT Soris warmoiSva konfliqti. orma Zmam Tmebi gaizarda. ojaxSi am ambavs seriozuli usiamovneba mohyva. mamas miaCnia, rom ar SeiZleba vaJebma gogonebiviT grZeli TmiT iaron. bebia da babuac iziareben mamis pozicias. Tumca biWebs Zalian ar surT Tmebis SeWra. situacia iZabeba. konfliqtis mogvarebis mravali xerxi arsebobs. isini ZiriTadad 3 tipad SeiZleba daiyos: mogeba - mogeba anu iseT gadawyvetilebamde misvla, rodesac orive mxare mogebulia; mogeba - wageba anu gadawyvetileba, romelSic erTi mxare igebs; wageba - wageba anu gadawyvetileba, romelic orive mxarisTvis wamgebiania. magaliTad, aviRoT burTis gamo moCxubari ori bavSvi. ufrosi Caereva da an orives erTad aTamaSebs, an Tanabar droiT miscems TiToeul maTgans. am SemTxvevaSi moCxubarTagan orive mogebulia. Tu ufrosi mxolod erT-erT maTgans miscems burTs, cxadia, mxolod igi iqneba mogebuli; da

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Tu ufrosi burTs orives waarTmevs, maSin orive wagebuli darCeba.

davaleba

jgufis wevrebTan erTad Seecade zemoT mocemuli erT-erTi konfliqturi situaciis gadaWras. gadawyvetileba daasabuTe. zemoT ganxiluli sami xerxidan romeli gamoiyene? konfliqtis gadasaWrelad Zalian mniSvnelovania efeqturi strategiis SerCeva. sazogadoebrivi konfliqtis gadaWris strategiebia: ganrideba, konkurencia, kompromisi, TanamSromloba, Segueba.

davaleba

daiyaviT jgufebad, ganixileT qveviT mocemuli konfliqturi situacia. TiToeulma jgufma unda warmoadginos aRniSnuli konfliqtis mSvidobianad mogvarebis esa Tu is xerxi da strategia da daasabuTos Tavisi arCevani.

ezoSi biWebi burTs TamaSobdnen. SemTxveviT mezoblis fanjara Caamtvries. gabrazebulma mezobelma fanjris Catexva ezos yvelaze celq biWs daabrala, Tumca is im dros fexburTs saerTod ar TamaSobda da mezobel gogonas esaubreboda. bavSvebma daiwyes gabrazebuli mezoblis damSvideba da cdilobdnen simarTlis Tqmas, Tumca qalbatons arafris mosmena ar surda da udanaSaulo biWs da mis ojaxs Seuracxyofas ayenebda. situacia Zalian daiZaba. CxubSi sxva mezoblebic CaerTnen.

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14
klasis Sexvedra:

miznis dasaxva

warmoidgine, rom Seni klasi awyobs Sekrebas skolis damTavrebis 10 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad. am Sekrebaze Sen kvlav Sexvdebi Tanaklaselebs da mouyvebi, Tu ra Seicvala Sens cxovrebaSi, rogor icxovre skolis damTavrebis Semdeg. imisaTvis, rom moemzado am SexvedrisaTvis, Seavse kiTxvari. saxeli --------------------------------ra iswavle skolis damTavrebis Semdeg? rac axla SegiZlia da ici, romelime saswavlebelSi an organizaciaSi iswavle? ra iswavle damoukideblad? xar Tu ara daojaxebuli? Tu ki, ramdeni xania? ramdeni Svili gyavs? ramdeni ginda rom gyavdes? sad muSaob? ramdenia Seni yovelTviuri xelfasi? aRwere mniSvnelovani piradi urTierTobebi Sens cxovrebaSi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ra rols asruleben mSoblebi Sens cxovrebaSi? ------------------------------------------------------------------------maT romel rCevas Tvli yvelaze mniSvnelovnad cxovrebaSi? ------------------------------------------------------------------------rogoria Seni finansuri mdgomareoba? -----------------------------------------------------------------------xar Tu ara Seyvarebuli? yvelaze metad ra gitacebs cxovrebis am etapze?

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------------------------------------------------------------------------sad cxovrob? aRwere Seni sacxovrebeli pirobebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------rogor atareb Tavisufal dros? ------------------------------------------------------------------------daasrule winadadebebi: momavalSi imedi maqvs, rom ---------------------------------------sami umniSvnelovanesi movlena, romelic moxda skolis damTavrebis Semdeg Cems cxovrebaSi aris -------------------------yvelaze metad `skolis droidan~ menatreba ------------------roca davberdebi, imedia Cemze ityvian -------------------------

kiTxverbi
aris Tu ara Sens mier aRwerili situacia realisturi? ratom Tvli ase? axdens Tu ara gavlenas erT pasuxSi aRwerili situacia meore pasuxSi aRweril situaciaze? aRniSne es urTierTkavSiri isrebiT.

mizani aris sasurveli Sedegi an mdgomareoba, romlis miRwevac gvinda. miznebis dayofa SeiZleba maT misaRwevad saWiro drois monakveTis mixedviT. arsebobs miznebis oTxi kategoria: yoveldRiuri miznebi: (mag: saSinao davalebis momzadeba, oTaxis dasufTaveba) moklevadiani miznebi: aseTi miznebi ramdenime kviraSi unda iqnas miRweuli saSualovadiani miznebi: aseTi miznebi ramdenime Tvidan wlamde periodis ganmavlobaSi miiRweva (mag.:

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saswavlo wlis warmatebiT dasruleba, sportul SejibrebaSi gamarjveba) grZelvadiani miznebi: aseTi miznebis miRwevas wlebi sWirdeba.

grZelvadiani miznis misaRwevad (skolis damTavreba, umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba, qalaqgareT agarakis SeZena) pirovnebas uwevs ramdenime saSualovadiani miznis miRweva. zogierTi moklevadiani mizanic ki SeiZleba davyoT ramdenime, ufro konkretul qvemiznad.

davaleba

waikiTxe miznis cnebis ganmarteba da Camoayalibe sami grZelvadiani mizani 1. 2. 3. amoarCie CamonaTvalidan erT-erTi grZelvadiani mizani, Seitane sqemaSi da Seavse yvela danarCeni ujra. (ra saSualovadiani da moklevadiani miznebis ganxorcieleba mogiwevs am grZelvadiani miznis misaRwevad?)

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Seadgine Seni drois xazi da daitane masze Seni cxovrebis mniSvnelovani movlenebi. Camowere da mokled aRwere cxrilSi Seni cxovrebis mniSvnelovani movlenebi, gadawyvetilebebi da moqmedebebi, zogierT movlenas SegiZlia miuTiTo TariRic. Camowere, agreTve, momavlis movlenebi da miznebi. gansazRvre, movlena Sengan damoukidebelia Tu Senzea damokidebuli (Tavisufali nebis gamovlinebaa); ganaTavse movlenis aRmniSvneli wre cxrilSi, Sesabamis svetSi. dauxate wres saxe, romelic gamoxatavs, dadebiTia Tu uaryofiTi movlena (gaRimebuli saxe J dadebiTi movlenaa, mowyenili L _ uaryofiTi.)
movlenis tipi

TariRi

movlenis aRwera

Sengan damoukidebeli movlenebi

Senze damokidebuli movlenebi

warsuli 1998 2004 2006 2006 2009 2011 2011 2012 momavali
klipis Cawera musikalur saswavlebelSi Cabareba davibade Sevedi skolaSi Sevicvale sacxovrebeli adgili SeviZine axali megobrebi gavicani ano Camovayalibe musikaluri jgufi xmis Camwerma kompaniam gamoacxada musikaluri konkursi Cemma jgufma gaimarjva musikalur konkursSi

J J L J J J J J

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gadaitane movlenebis aRmniSvneli wreebi drois xazze TariRebis mixedviT. aRniSne kavSiri movlenebs Soris isrebiT. gaanalize Sedegebi: ra urTierTkavSiria drois xazze Sen mier datanil movlenebs Soris? sxvadasxva dros miRebul gadawyvetilebebs Soris? romelia gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani movlena? (SegiZlia aRniSno Zaxilis niSniT). imisaTvis, rom Seni drois xazi gasagebi iyos TanaklaselebisaTvis (erT-erT gakveTilze Tqven moawyobT mis ganxilvas), daurTe Sens drois xazs mokle da konkretuli Txzuleba `Cemi cxovrebis gza~ .

drois xazis Sedgenis magaliTi drois es xazi Senma Tanatolma Seadgina. mas musika uyvars. SesaZloa, Sen sxva interesebi da midrekilebebi gaqvs da yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenaTa siaSi sul sxva movlenebs Seitandi. am nimuSis mixedviT, sufTa furcelze Seadgine Seni drois xazi.

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sazogadoebrivi cxovreba

erTad gaecaniT qvemoT moyvanil situacias da moifiqreT, ra SeiZleba gakeTdes: `mowyenili~ qalaqi warmoidgine qalaqi, romelSic mowyenili adamianebi cxovroben da arafris keTeba ar surT. dro am qalaqSi erTferovnad miedineba. Senma klasma unda moifiqros, ra unda gakeTdes `mowyenili~ qalaqis gamosafxizlebad - SesTavazos qalaqis mkvidrT maTi cxovrebis gasaumjobesebeli, martivi da gasagebi programebi (urTierTdakavSirebuli RonisZiebebis erToblioba). programebi unda SemuSavdes Semdegi mimarTulebebiT: 1. socialuri sfero - qalaqis macxovreblebis janmrTeloba, ojaxuri, piradi problemebis mogvareba, adamianebs Soris urTierTobebis mowesrigeba; 2. mmarTveloba da politika - qalaqis marTva, kanonebis SemuSaveba, sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis miReba; 3. ekonomika - adamianTa dasaqmeba, materialuri resursebis warmoeba, ganawileba, gacvla da moxmareba; 4. kulturuli sfero - qalaqis macxovreblebis ganaTlebasa da sulier ganviTarebaze zrunva, xelovneba, garToba; 5. kanonis dacvis sakiTxebi - simSvide da wesrigi qalaqSi, danaSaulisa da kanondarRvevis SemTxvevebis Semcireba.

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muSaobis etapebi: Sen da Seni Tanaklaselebi daiyaviT (4-5 kacian) jgufebad da airCieT programa, romelic yvelaze metad gainteresebT (yvela programa unda damuSavdes, sxva SemTxvevaSi, qalaqis macxovreblebi ar gamofxizldebian). 10-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi moifiqreT 4-5 RonisZieba, romelic unda Sesruldes Tqveni programis farglebSi. (SegiZliaT moifiqroT meti RonisZieba da Semdeg gamoyoT maT Soris 5 yvelaze mniSvnelovani). RonisZiebebi unda iyos realisturi da ganxorcielebadi. warmoadgineT programis farglebSi gasakeTebeli saqmeebi klasis winaSe da gaeciT pasuxi maswavleblisa da Tanaklaselebis damazustebel kiTxvebs. mas Semdeg, rac yvela jgufi warmoadgens sakuTar programas, SeecadeT SeafasoT TiToeuli programa mocemuli kiTxvebis mixedviT: a. ramdenad realisturi da ganxorcielebadia programa? b. ramdenad sainteresoa programa?

davaleba
ramdenad saintereso iyo SenTvis am konkretul programaze (sferoze) muSaoba? ratom? romel sferos an programas airCevdi, ufro Tavisufali rom yofiliyavi arCevanis procesSi? ratom? romel sferoSi isurvebdi muSaobas momavalSi? ratom?

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vin minda viyo

dafiqrdi da gaeci pasuxi kiTxvebs: romel profesias airCevdi samomavlod? ratom Tvli, rom es profesia Segefereba? kidev ra axdens gavlenas Sens gadawyvetilebaze? Seni momavali profesiis dasaxeleba -------------------------

Seni arCevanis dasabuTeba ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------profesiis arCeva sakmaod rTulia. ufro sworad, rTulia swori arCevanis gakeTeba. profesiis arCevisas mniSvnelovania adamianisa da profesiis Taviseburebebis Tanxvedra. sasurvelia, rom profesia iyos SenTvis saintereso. Tu Sen mogwons cxovelebi da mcenareebi _ maSin momavalSi, albaT, dagainteresebs bunebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze muSaoba. nebismieri profesia moiTxovs, e.w. `profesiulad mniSvnelovan Tvisebebs~, magaliTad, koreqtorisTvis mniSvnelovania kargi yuradReba, mxatvrisTvis _ xatovani, SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba. amitom, profesiis arCevisas, unda gaaanalizo, gaqvs Tu ara profesiis Sesabamisi midrekilebebi da niWi. arCeuli profesia unda Seesabamebodes Sens pirovnul Tvisebebs da xasiaTs. magaliTad, Tu Sen giyvars urTierTobebi, xar Ria, mxiaruli, kontaqturi _ ufro Segefereba profesiebi, romlebic sxva adamianebTan urTierTobas, kontaqtebis damyarebas gulisxmobs. unda gaiTvaliswino, rom jer axalgazrda xar da Seni xasiaTi mxolod axla yalibdeba, nu gadaiwurav msaxiobad gaxdomis imeds, mxolod

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imitom, rom Seni azriT `morcxvi~ xar. Seecade daZlio Sens TavSi is uaryofiTi Tvisebebi, romlebic niWis ganviTarebaSi giSlis xels. midrekileba, interesebi, xasiaTis Tvisebebi _ sakmaod moqnili, cvalebadi maxasiaTeblebia, romlebic SeiZleba ganaviTaro sakuTar TavSi.

ra axdens gavlenas profesiis arCevaze? _ SeZenili codna _ megobrebis pozicia _ klasis damrigeblisa da skolis maswavleblebis pozicia _ sakuTari profesiuli gegmebi (Seni Sexeduleba profesiis dauflebis etapebis daZlevis Sesaxeb ) _ niWi, unari _ sazogadoebrivi aRiarebis mopovebis survili _ midrekilebebi _ ojaxis ufrosi wevrebis pozicia ra unda gaiTvaliswino profesiis arCevisas?

profesiis arCeva ucvleli gadawyvetileba ar aris _ profesiuli saqmianobis yvela sferoSi xdeba cvlilebebi (adamiani icvlis Tanamdebobas kvalifikaciis donis amaRlebasTan erTad). sazogadoebis azri profesiis prestiJulobaze SeiZleba mcdari iyos - samwuxarod, zogierTi Zalian saWiro profesia araRirseulad da arasakadrisad miiCneva; profesia ar unda SearCio mxolod sxvaTa azris safuZvelze -sxvaTa `gemovnebam~ ar unda moaxdinos gadamwyveti gavlena Sens arCevanze; romelime profesiis calkeuli warmomadgenlisadmi Cveni

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simpaTia/antipaTia ar unda gaavrcelo Tavad profesiaze - profesiis arCevisas yuradReba unda gaamaxvilo ara am profesiis mqone adaminis Tvisebebze, aramed Tavad profesiisaTvis damaxasiaTebel saqmianobasa da mis Sinaarsze; pirveli STabeWdileba SeiZleba mcdari iyos _ magaliTad, rac unda iolad da msubuqad asrulebdes msaxiobi scenaze rols, unda gvaxsovdes, rom amis ukan mZime Sroma da yoveldRiuri repeticiebi dgas; ar gaaigivo saswavlo sagani momaval profesiasTan - romelime ucxour enas swavlob rogorc sagans, magram bevrad meti profesia arsebobs, romelic am ucxouri enis codnas moiTxovs; kargad Seafase sakuTari Tvisebebi da SesaZleblobebi - sakuTar Tvisebebsa da SesaZleblobebSi garkvevaSi SeiZleba dagvexmaron specialistebi, Tanatolebi, mSoblebi, naTesavebi, maswavleblebi. profesiis arCevisas gaiTvaliswine sakuTari fizikuri Taviseburebebi da janmrTeloba - arsebobs profesiebi, romlebmac SeiZleba Seni janmrTelobis mdgomareoba gaauareson.

SeqmeniT monacemTa banki gadawere Seni sasurveli profesia furcelze, daawere Seni saxeli da gvari; TanaklaselebTan erTad Seagrove mTeli klasis moswavleebis furclebi; miakariT furclebi dafaze (an gaSaleT did magidaze) da SeecadeT, daajgufoT isini maTze aRniSnuli profesiebis mixedviT.

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ramdeni sxvadasxva profesia daasaxela klasma? vis unda gansxvavebuli profesiis arCeva? visi profesia SeiZleba hgavdes Sens profesias? riTi? ratom? SeqmeniT jgufebi sasurveli profesiebis mixedviT. ramden adamians surs igive profesia, rac Sen airCie? CainiSne maTi saxelebi wignSi (Semdegi praqtikumze SegiZlia maTTan erTad imuSavo jgufSi) Cemi jgufi ------------------------------------------------------profesiis tipebi Sromis sagnis (obieqtis) mixedviT profesiebi 5 tipad iyofa: `adamiani _ buneba~ profesiebi: zooteqnikosi, agronomi, kinologi, qimiurbaqteriologiuri analizis laboranti da a.S.. `adamiani _ teqnika~ profesiebi: teqnikosi-metalurgi, inJineri-meqanikosi, arqiteqtori, eleqtromemontaJe, radiomeqanikosi, durgali, manqanaTmSenebeli, eleqtrikosi. `adamiani _ adamiani~ profesiebi: eqimi, maswavlebeli, fsiqologi, eqskursiamZRoli, menejeri, mimtani, gamyidveli, Jurnalisti.

dalaqi,

`adamiani _ niSanTa sistema~ profesiebi: Tarjimani, inJineri, topografi, mdivani, programisti. `adamiani _ mxatvruli saxe~ profesiebi: msaxiobi, mxatvari, musikosi, dizaineri, moqandake, mwerali, poeti.

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davaleba

Seavse testi da gaarkvie, profesiis romeli tipi Segefereba Seni interesebisa da midrekilebebis safuZvelze. testi `interesebi da midrekilebebi~ pasuxebis furceli

`b~ adamiani _ buneba `t~ adamiani _ teqnika `a~ adamiani _ adamiani `n~ adamiani _ niSanTa sistema `m~ adamiani _ mxatvruli saxe testis instruqcia: qvemoT mocemulia testis debulebebi. yuradRebiT waikiTxe orive debuleba, romelic weria erTi da imave nomris qveS (1a da 1b); romels ufro eTanxmebi am ori debulebidan? pasuxebis furcelSi Cawere Sefasebebi _ debulebas, romelsac eTanxmebi, miawere niSani (+), xolo romelsac ar eTanxmebi _ niSani (-).

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mas Semdeg, rac Seavse cxrili, gamoTvale saboloo Sedegebi. sul 5 svetia. TiToeul svetSi daiTvale (-) da (+) niSnebis raodenoba da daajame. pliusebis da minusebis jami miuwere svetis boloSi mocemul asos. magaliTad, Tu pirvel svetSi xuTi minusia (-) da sami pliusi (+), maSin aso b-s Tan unda daweroT - 2 ( - 5 + 3 = - 2 ). mas Semdeg, rac gamoTvli xuTive svetis maCveneblebs, daakvirdi, romel svetSi gaqvs meti qula. yovel svets Seesabameba profesiis garkveuli tipi. debulebebi testisaTvis ras vamjobinebdi: 1. a) cxovelebis movlas; b) manqanebis momsaxurebas (regulirebas, movlas); 2. a) avadmyofebis daxmarebasa da mkurnalobas; b) sqemebis, cxrilebis, programebis Sedgenas; 3. a) wignebis, ilustraciebisa da Ria baraTebis xarisxis Semowmebas; b), mcenareebis zrdisa da ganviTarebis procesze dakvirvebas; 4. a) sxvadasxva masalaze muSaobas (xe, qsovili, metali . . . ); b) savaWro saqonlis reklamirebasa da gayidvas; 5. a) SemecnebiTi literturis - wignebis, statiebis ganxilvas; b) mxatvruli literaturis, koncetrebis, Teatraluri warmodgenebis Sefasebas; 6. a) axalSobili cxovelebis movlasa da gawvrTnas; b) patara bavSvebis aRzrdasa da movlas; 7. a) naxatebis aslebis damzadebas, musikaluri instrumentebis awyobas; b) raime satvirTo manqanis marTvas; 8. a) xalxisaTvis saWiro informaciis miwodebas (cnobaTa biuro, eqskursia); b) gamofenebis mowyobas, vitrinebis morTvas, Teatraluri warmodgenebisa da sakoncerto programebis momzadebaSi monawileobis miRebas; 9. a) nivTebis, nakeTobebis (tansacmlis, teqnikis), sacxovrebeli farTis remonts; b) teqstebSi, cxrilebsa da nax-

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atebSi Secdomebis aRmoCenas; 10. a) cxovelebis mkurnalobas; b) gamoTvlebis warmoebas; 11. a) mcenareebis axali jiSebis gamoyvanas; b) sxvadasxva produqciis (maqanebi, tansacmeli) dizainis Seqmnas, saxlebis proeqtirebas; 12. a) adamianebs Soris uTanxmoebebis, konfliqtebis mogvarebasa da analizs; b) sqemebsa da cxrilebSi garkvevas; 13. a) SemoqmedebiTi jgufebis saqmianobaze dakvirvebas; b) mikroorganizmebis Seswavlasa da maTi ganviTarebis procesze dakvirvebas; 14. a)samedicino aparaturis, xelsawyoebis gamarTvas; b) adamianebisaTvis samedicino daxmarebis gawevas; 15. a) obieqtebisa da movlenebis Sesaxeb zusti, aRweriTi angariSebis Sedgenas; b) movlenebis mxatvrulad aRweras; 16. a)laboratoriuli analizis keTebas; b) pacientebis miRebas, gasinjvas, mkurnalobis daniSvnas; 17. a) kedlebis, nakeTobebis moxatvasa da Rebvas; b) manqanis, xelsawyoebis awyobasa da montaJs; 18. a) TanatolebisaTvis an umcrosebisaTvis eqskursiebis mowyobas; b) scenaze gamosvlas, koncertebsa da speqtaklebSi monawileobas; 19. a) naxazebis mixedviT detalebis damzadebas, mSeneblobas; b) naxazebis, rukebis Sedgenas; 20. a) mcenareebis movlas; b) klaviaturis mqone manqanebze muSaobas (sabeWdi manqana, kompiuteri.

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SeviswavloT arCeuli profesia

Sen ukve ici, vin ginda gamoxvide. Seecade, ufro meti gaigo am profesiis Sesaxeb da Seafaso Seni Sesabamisoba am profesiasTan. gansazRvre, ra codna da unar-Cvevebi dagWirdeba imisaTvis, rom arCeul profesias kargad daeuflo. Seavse sqema profesia saWiro codna saWiro unar-Cvevebi

rCeva: imisaTvis, rom srulfasovani, obieqturi suraTi miiRo, imuSave TanaklaselebTan erTad jgufebSi profesiebis mixedviT an Seadare Seni pasuxebi Tanaklaselebis sqemas. aCvene es sqema mSoblebs, maswavleblebs, Sesabamisi dargis profesionalebs. maTi SemoTavazebebis mixedviT Seitane cvlilebebi da Sesworebebi sqemaSi.

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kiTxvebi profesiis Sesaxeb Sen xelT arsebuli informaciis Sesafaseblad: - ramdenad amomwuravia informacia, romelic Sen gaqvs Seni momavali profesiis Sesaxeb? - Seni azriT, kidev ra unda icode? - rogor moipoveb am informacias? - rogor SeiZleba amaSi daixmaro Seni Tanaklaselebi? - rogor SeiZleba dagexmaron am profesiis warmomadgenlebi?

kiTxvebi sakuTari Tavis Sesafaseblad: - gaqvs Tu ara yvela saWiro unar-Cveva, imisaTvis, rom gamoxvide kargi --------- ? - Seni azriT, ra saxis codna da romeli unarCveva gaklia? - rogor SeiZleba am danaklisis Sevseba? - rogor SeiZleba amaSi daixmaro Seni Tanaklaselebi? - rogor SeiZleba dagexmaron am profesiis warmomadgenlebi?

Seavse sqema da moamzade prezentacia Seni momavali profesiis Sesaxeb, romelsac warudgen maswavlebelsa da Tanaklaselebs. sqemis SevsebisaTvis Sen sakmao dro gaqvs (Sedegebi erTi kviris Semdeg unda warmoadgino) amocanebi, romlebic amave gakveTilze SeiZleba gadaWra: pirvel rigSi gansazRvre, ra informacias flob. xom ar saWiroebs Sens xelT arsebuli informcia dazustebas, Semowmebas, Sevsebas? airCie informaciis moZiebis is meTodebi, romlebic, Seni azriT, yvelaze ukeT dagexmareba saWiro informaciis mopovebaSi. es meTodebia: dakvirveba,anketireba, gamokiTxva, interviu, Sesabamisi dokumentebis Seswavla da analizi. umjobesia, Tu ipovi Tanamoazreebs da imuSavebT jgufSi. gaixsene, rom gaqvT profesiebis banki da SegiZlia aRmo-

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aCino Seni Tanamoazreebi. gadainawileT pasuxismgeblobebi jgufSi _ magaliTad, jgufis romelime wevri Caatarebs intervius, meore - gamokiTxvas, nawili ki saWiro informacias presidan an televiziidan moipovebs. SeadgineT Tqveni jgufis muSaobis gegma (ras gaakeTebT erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi? rogor gainawilebT funqciebs?) da ganixileT moqmedebis gegma maswavlebelTan erTad. gaiTvaliswine, rom Seni Tanaklaselebi da maswavlebeli Seafaseben Sens namuSevars Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT: ramdenad srulad aris Sevsebuli cxrili? ramdenad dasabuTebulia daskvna? ramdenad mravalferovania informaciis moZiebis meTodebi? ramdenad sworad aris SerCeuli informaciis mopovebis meTodi?

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davaleba
imuSaveT gundurad sqemis SevsebisaTvis saWiro informaciis mopovebisa da analizisaTvis. moawyveT gunduri Sexvedra, sadac SeajerebT informacias da gadaamowmebT Tavs _ ramdenad sworad muSaobT, ra informacia gaqvT xelT. sqemis ukeT SevsebaSi SeiZleba dagexmaroT momavalSi Sesaswavli sagnebis CamonaTvalis gacnoba. skolis programaSi bevri siaxlea _ axali sagnebi da maTi arCevis SesaZlebloba. moawyveT klasis Sexvedra, sadac ganixilavT am sagnebs, maTi dajgufebisa da arCevis wesebs. gadaitaneT Tqveni namuSevari sqemaSi, moifiqreT, vin da rogor waradgens mas klasis winaSe (imisTvis, rom kargi STabeWdileba moaxdinoT auditoriaze, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT didi qaRaldi, feradi flomasterebi, fotoebi, sxva TvalsaCino masala) daamate Txzulebas `Cemi cxovrebis gza~ axali Tavi _ `rogor mesaxeba Cemi momavali~? daitane drois xazze momavlis movlenebi

informaciis moZiebis meTodebi: dakvirvebis meTodi _ Sen SegiZlia daakvirde Sens mier arCeuli profesiis warmomadgenels muSaobis procesSi. dakvirvebis warmatebulad ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa misi winaswari dagegmva da Semdegi pirobebis dacva: - dakvirvebisaTvis swori garemos SerCeva da iq yofnis nebarTvis mopoveba; - dakvirvebis drois da xangrZlivobis sworad SerCeva; - moifiqre, rogor Caiwer dakvirvebis Sedegebs, ra gainteresebs yvelaze metad; - dakvirvebis procesSi ar unda SeuSalo xeli imas, visac

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akvirdebi.

gamokiTxva, anketireba - orive kiTxvaris meSveobiT tardeba. oRond aris erTi gansxvaveba: gamokiTxvis dros SegiZlia dautovo kiTxvari respondents (visi azric gainteresebs), anketirebis dros ki Tavad unda Caiwero respondentis pasuxebi. es meTodebi erTsa da imave sakiTxebze bevri adaminis azris gagebisa da am azrebis Sejamebis SesaZleblobas gaZlevs. Sen ukve gaqvs gamokiTxvis Catarebis gamocdileba.

interviu - dialogi or adamians Soris, romlis mimdinareobac winaswar aris gansazRvruli ZiriTadi kiTxvebis TanmimdevrobiT. adamians, romelic svams kiTxvebs interviueri ewodeba. adamians, romelic pasuxobs kiTxvebs _ respondenti. gamokiTxvisgan gansxvavebiT, intervius dros SeiZleba damatebiTi kiTxvebis dasma da informaciis metad dazusteba.

dokumentebis moZieba _ SegiZlia moZebno SenTvis saintereso masala wignebSi, JurnalebSi, satelevizio gadacemebsa da gazeTebSi.

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pasuxismgeblobebi
winaaRmdegobebi da gamosavlis gzebis Zieba pasuxismgebloba: is, risi gakeTebis valdebulebac gaaCnia adamians. pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba iyos iuridiuli, moraluri, socialuri. moraluri konfliqti: winaaRmdegobrioba, romelic Tavs iCens maSin, roca adamians ver gadauwyvetia, rogor moiqces. samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba: adamianis valdebulebebi sxva adamianebis winaSe. Temis wevrobas Tan axlavs uflebebi, iseve rogorc pasuxismgeblobebi. yvela adamians aqvs pasuxismgeblobebi; problemebi Tavs iCens maSin, roca adamiani garkveul pasuxismgeblobas sxva pasux ismgeblobebze maRla ayenebs. arCevanis gakeTeba xSirad rTulia.

waikiTxeT moTxroba milani irCevs milani mzad iyo skolaSi wasasvlelad, roca mamamisi samzareuloSi Semovida. `milan, Zalian mWirdeba Seni daxmareba yanaSi. gTxov, ar waxvide dRes skolaSi. Tu mosavals droze ar aviRebT, gafuWdeba~. milans amis gagoneba ar esiamovna. `mamiko, aucileblad unda wavide skolaSi. dRes imarTeba saskolo sabW os pirveli Sexvedra da am sabWoSi me me-8 klaselTa warmomadgenlad var arCeuli.~ `magram Sen ar xar me-8 klaselTa erTaderTi warmomad-

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geneli am sabWoSi, ara? sxva vinmec iqneba da is warmoadgens me-8 klaselebs.~ `marTali xar, magram me Cemi amomrCevlis imedebi ar unda gavacruo. aseve, dRes gvaqvs bunebismetyvelebis gakveTili. ar minda am gakveTilis gacdena. Tu universitetSi swavlis gagrZelebas gadavwyvet, sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaSi gamocdis Cabareba momiwevs.~ milanis mamam ukmakofilod Caiburtyuna: `universitetze laparakob da ojaxi ar ganaRvlebs. Seni daxmareba saxlSi gvWirdeba. ras mogvitans Seni universitetS i Cabareba? universitets rom daasruleb, mere ki namdvilad aRar gagaxsendeba ojaxi.~ `mama, Sen unda gixarodes, rom, sxva biWebisagan gansxvavebiT, swavlis gagrZeleba msurs. maT aranairi ambicia ar gaaCniaT da mTeli cxovreba zustad is unda akeTon, riTac maTi mamebi arian dakavebulni.~ milanis mamam gabrazebiT dasZina: `Zvel RirebulebebSi araferia cudi. mZuls es saubrebi ganaTlebaze. meCveneba, rom Zveli Rirebulebebis pativiscema sruliad dakarge.~ milanma amoioxra. aseTi saubari mamasTan pirvelad ar hqonda. `mama, me Tu karg samsaxurs viSovi, dagexmarebiT. rogor SeiZleba if iqro, rom me Tqven dagiviwyebT? nuTu marTla gsurs, skolaSi siaruls Tavi davanebo da ar mivaRwio imas, risi miRwevac SemiZlia? yvela maswavlebeli meubneba, rom SeiZleba, kargi mecnieri gamovide. warmoidgine, rom Seni Svili iqneba mecnieri, romlis aRmoCenebi msoflios daexmareba. milanis mamam muSti daartya magidas: `Seni pirveladi movaleobaa ojaxisa da Temis daxmareba, miT umetes, axla, am gaWirvebul droSi. Tavi ocnebebiT gaqvs gamotenili. ra dros msoflios daxmarebaa?~ milans mamis sityvebma guli daswyvita, magram ar un-

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doda sevdis gamomJRavneba. mama Setrialda, datova oTaxi da kari gaijaxuna. milani Camojda da amoioxra. is Cafiqrda da male gadawyvetileba miiRo. milanma aiRo CanTa da karisken gaemarTa. uceb SeCerda, amoiRo CanTidan kalami da qaRaldi, dajda magidasTan da mamisaTvis werilis weras Seudga. es iyo mis cxovrebaSi erT-erTi yvelaze mZime gadawyvetileba.~ dafiqrdiT Semdeg sakiTxebze. saboloo pasuxebis warmodgenamde, wyvilebSi im uSaveT: 1. ra weria moTxrobaSi milanis pasuxismgeblobebze? ramden sxvadasxva saxis pasuxismgeblobas xedavT am moTxrobaSi (pasuxismgebloba sakuTari Tavis wi naSe, ojaxis winaSe, skolis winaSe, adgilobrivi Temisa da msoflios winaSe)? 2. rogor fiqrobT, ra gza unda airCios milanma? yvela Tanxmdeba klasSi, Tu aris gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi? 3. ramdenad rTuli dilemis winaSe dgas milani? ra arTulebs situacias? 4. ra pasuxismgeblobebi aqvs milanis mamas, moTxrobis mixedviT? 5. Tqveni azriT, marTalia milanis mama, rodesac Svils saxlSi darCenas sTxovs? 6. ramdenad gauWirdeboda milans, daumorCilebloba gamoecxadebina mamisaTvis? ramdenad seriozul Sedegebs gamoiwvevda aseTi daumorCileblobis gamocxad eba? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.

davaleba
dawereT is, rac, Tqveni azriT, milanma mamas dauwera. SeadareT Tqveni versia Tqveni Tanaklaselebis versiebs.

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jgufebSi muSaoba CamoayalibeT pasuxismgeblobis sxvadasxva forma, romlebic adamianebs sakuTari Tavis, ojaxis, Temis, qveynis da kacobriobis winaSe ekisrebaT. SeavseT cxrili:
pasuxismgeblobis formebi vis winaSe? sakuTari Tavi ojaxi Temi qveyana kacobrioba

erTad ganixileT adamianis pasuxismgeblobebi sxva adamianebis winaSe.

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19

ratom unda emorCilebodnen adamianebi kanonebs?

kanoni: mTavrobis mier dadgenili regulacia. kanonis uzenaesoba: demokratiuli qveynis mTavroba emorCileba qveynis kanon mdeblobiT gansazRvrul normebs. mmarTvelobis cvlileba xdeba konstituciiT gansazRvruli wesebis mixedviT, da ara Zaladobis, an omis saSualebiT. mosaxl eobas akisria kanonmorCilebis pasuxismgebloba. iuridiuli valdebuleba: pasuxismgebloba, romelsac kanoni akisrebs moq alaqeebs. moraluri pasuxismgebloba: adamianis valdebuleba, romelsac is piradi Sexedulebebis mixedviT iRebs sakuTar Tavze.

waikiTxeT moTxroba Smitis dilema `Smitis erTaderTi qaliSvili mZimed avadaa; mas gadaudebeli operacia esaWiroe ba. operaciisaTvis ki aucilebelia fuli. Smitma ar icis, rogor iSovos fuli. Smitsa da mis cols aqvT mciredi danazogi, riTac maRaziis gaxsnas apirebdnen; isini siamovnebiT gaiRebdnen am fuls gogonas gadasarCenad, magram es fuli sakmarisi ar iqneba operaciisaTvis. Smiti evedreba eqimebs, gaakeTon operacia SedarebiT dabal fasad. eqimebi acxad eben, rom es usamarTloba iqneba maT mimarT, vinc operaciaSi sruli safasuri gadaixada. Smiti megobrebsa da naTesavebSi Seagrovebs cotaoden fuls, magram ope raciisaTvis sakmarisi Tanxa mainc ar gamosdis.

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gogona yoveldRiurad ufro uares mdgomareobaSi vardeba. sasowarkveTili Smiti gadawyvets, moiparos Tanxis is odenoba, rac operaciisaT vis aklia.~ jgufebSi ganixileT, ramdenad marTebulia Smitis gadawyvetileba. airCieT qvemoT motanili midgomebidan, romelsac eTanxme biT da sakuTari mosazrebebi dawereT.

_ Smitma unda moiparos fuli, radgan... _ Smitma ar unda moiparos fuli, radgan...

davaleba

daasruleT Semdegi winadadeba: `kanonis darRveva arasworia, radgan...~ daasaxeleT rac SeiZleba meti mizezi, Tu ratom ar unda dairRves kanoni. arsebobs araerTi mizezi, ris gamoc adami anebi kanonebs unda emorCilebodnen. am mizezTa nawili ukavSirdeba Tavad pirovne bis interesebs, nawili _ sxva adamianebis, an sazogadoebis interesebs.

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mxolod kanonmorCileba ar aris niSani imisa, rom adamiani kargi moqalaqea. bevri araswori saqcieli CaudeniaT adamianebs imis mtkicebiT, rom isini `kanons emorCilebian~. meore mxriv, rogorc moTxrobidanac ikveTeba, kargi adamiani xandaxan fiqrobs kanonis darRvevaze maRal moraluri mizezebis gamo. magaliTad, adamiani, sagangebo mdgomareobis dros, aWarbebs normiT daSvebul siCqares, an ar asrulebs kanons, romelic arasamarTliania. gansxvavebas moralur da iuridiul pasuxismgeblobebs Soris; pirvels adamiani Tavad kisrulobs, xolo meoris morCilebas mas mTavroba avaldebulebs. am ori tipis pasuxismgeblobis Widils mivyavarT moqalaqeTa mxridan arsebuli kanone bis kritikamde. adamianebi swored aseTi winaaRmdegobriobis gamo gamodian xolme kanonis Secvlis moTxovniT. moqalaqeebi, moraluri mizezebidan gamomdinare, zog SemTxvevaSi kanonis darRvevis gadawyvetilebas iReben. araerTi istoriuli magaliT i cxadyofs, rom adamianebi kanons arRvevdnen, raTa protesti gamoexataT tirani mmarTvelebis winaaRmdeg. maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda mouyvenos aseTi prot estis magaliTebi qveynis istoriidan. maswavlebelma xazi unda gausvas imas, rom kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevas zedapirulad verasodes mivudgebiT, radgan kanonis darRveva safrTxes uqmnis kanonis uzenaesobas, rac demokratiuli sazogadoebis qvakuTxedia.

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mavne Cvevebisa da maTi saxifaTo Sedegebisgan Tavdacva

patara baraTebze 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi CamowereT is Cvevebi / Tvisebebi, romelic adamians xels uSlis jansaR, normalur cxovrebaSi, sxvebTan urTierTobaSi. axla baraTebi miamagreT dafaze, Tan xmamaRla waikiTxeT sakuTari Canaweri.

`janmrTeloba fizikuri, sulieri da socialuri keTildReobaa da ara mxolod daavadebaTa da dazianebaTa ararseboba~. `janmrTelobis 50% damokidebulia cxovrebis wesze, 20% _ garemo faqtorebze, 20% genetikaze da 10% _ medicinisa da samedicino momsaxurebis ganviTarebis doneze~. daukavSireT es ganmartebebi Tqvens mier gamovlenil yvelaze mavne Tvisebebs da daasaxeleT am Cvevebis Sedegebi pirovnebisa da mis garSemo myofi sazogadoebisTvis.

alkoholizmi, Tambaqos moxmareba da narkomania msoflio problemas warmoadgens da sxvadasxva qveyanaSi Catarebuli kvelevebi da maTi Sedegebi Zalze sagangaSoa.

leqsikoni
alkoholizmi - magari sasmelebis xSirad sma; loToba. alkoholiki (loTi) - piri, romelsac smisTvis Tavis danebeba ar ZaluZs da romlis cxovrebis weszec sma mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens.

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faqtebi: amerikeli fsiqologis, doqtor lorens mTzgeris mier 2008 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, amerikelebis mesameds miaCnia, rom alkoholi maTi ojaxis mTavari problemaa - aSS_Si alkoholis yoveli meaTe momxmarebeli qronikuli alkoholikia. britaneli eqimebis mier 2008 wels Catarebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, qalebSi alkoholis Warbad gamoyeneba sarZeve jirkvlis kibos ganviTarebis riskis 50%-iT matebas iwvevs. alkoholi yovelwliurad mxolod did britaneTSi sarZeve jirkvlis kibos 2000-ze meti SemTxvevis mizezia. saxelmwifoc cdilobs xeli SeuSalos arasrulwlovnebSi alkoholizmis gavrcelebas. amisaTvis saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi araerTi muxli Seitanes alkoholizmis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad: mSoblebis an sxva pirTa mier arasrulwlovanis daTroba _ gamoiwvevs dajarimebas Sromis anazRaurebis erTidan or minimalur odenobamde. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi, muxli 170 - arasrulwlovnis daTroba

spirtiani sasmelebis sma quCaSi, stadionze, skverebSi, parkebSi, yvela saxis sazogadoebriv transportSi da sxva sazogadoebriv adgilebSi, garda savaWro da sazogadoebrivi kvebis sawarmoebisa, sadac spirtiani sasmelebis CamosxmiT gayidva nebadarTulia mmarTvelobis adgilobrivi organoebis mier, an sazogadoebriv adgilebSi mTvral, adamianis Rirsebisa

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da sazogadoebrivi zneobis Seuracxmyof mdgomareobaSi _ gamoiwvevs gafrTxilebas an dajarimebas Sromis anazRaurebis or minimalur odenobamde. sazogadoebriv adgilebSi Teqvsmet wlamde mozardebis mTvral mdgomareobaSi yofna, maT mier spirtiani sasmelebis sma, _gamoiwvevs mSoblebis an maTi Semcvleli pirebis dajarimebas Sromis anazRaurebis oridan oTx minimalur odenobamde. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi, muxli 171- sazogadoebriv adgilebSi spirtiani sasmelebis sma an sazogadoebriv adgilebSi mTvral mdgomareobaSi yofna.
wyvilSi ganixile mocemuli SemTxvevebi. Tqven Tu gsmeniaT an ginaxavT msgavsi SemTxveva?

ramdenad samarTlianad migaCniaT kanoniT dakisrebuli pasuxismgebloba?

zurabma Tavis dabadebis dReze dapatiJa Tavisi megobrebi da tradiciuli wesiT aRniSna, romlis drosac man Tavis 10 wlis vaJiSvils, giorgis, SesTavaza daelia mamis sadRegrZelo. giorgim dalia gansxvavebuliT, riTac mujiris Zmakacebi aRtacebulebi darCnen, amiT Segulianebulma giorgim kidev ramdenime Wiqa dalia, ris Sedegadac mas daewyo alkoholuri intoqsikacia da gamoiZaxes saswrafo samedicino daxmareba.

me-7 klasis moswavleebi, romlebmac gadawyvites skolis mere erTad wasuliyvnen sadme, wavidnen muStaidis parkSi, sadac klasis vaJebma dainaxes, Tu rogor svamda univesitetis ramdenime studenti

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luds. maTac iyides ludi da imisaTvis, rom klasis gogonebisaTvis Tavi moewonebinaT, daiwyes sma da ejibrebodnen erTmaneTs, vin ufro mets dalevda. roca daTvrnen, maT erTmaneTSi Cxubi mouvidaT, romlis drosac sami biWi da erTi gogona, romlic gaSvelebas apirebda, daziandnen, isini saavadmyofoSi gadaiyvanes, sxvebi ki __ policiis SenobaSi. wyvilebi gaerTiandiT 6-kacian jgufebSi da ganixileT es situaciebi Sesabamisi informaciis gamoyenebiT. jgufebma unda warmoadginoT situaciis monawileTa moqmedebebis moraluri da samarTlebrivi Sefaseba da CamoTvalon am situaciebis Tavidan acilebis gzebi.

narkomania - daavadeba, romelic viTardeba narkotikul saSualebaTa sistematuri moxmarebis Sedegad da vlindeba narkotikis miRebis dauZleveli an Znelad dasaZlevi moTxovnilebis saxiT; narkomani - narkomaniiT daavadebuli adamiani, romelsac aqvs narkotikis dauZleveli moTxovnileba, aReniSneba perioduli an qronikurli intoqsikacia (mowamvla) da iZulebulia gazardos nivTierebis doza organizmis dozisadmi SeCvevis gamo; narkotikis momxmarebeli - adamiani, romelic arasamedicino daniSnulebiT xmarobs narkotikul saSualebas, vinaidan aqvs misdami Camoyalibebuli damokidebuleba; narkotikuli danaSauli - piradi moxmarebisaTvis narkotikuli saSualebis ukanono damzadeba, SeZena, Senaxva anda eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe ukanonod moxmareba; aseve narkotikuli saSualebis warmoeba, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba; narkotikuli saSualebis Semcveli mcenaris ukanono daTesva, moyvana an kultivireba; narkotikuli saSualebis ukanonod moxmarebisaTvis binis an sxva sadgomis

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daTmoba; narkotikuli saSualebis moxmarebaze dayolieba; faqtebi: saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli koaliciis mier 2008 wels gamoqveynebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad: narkotikebis moxmarebelTa Soris xSiria gulsisxlZarRvTa, reproduqciul da imunur sistemaTa, RviZlisa da saxsrebis dazianeba; narkotikebis ineqciuri moxmareba aris ukurnebeli infeqciuri daavadebebis Sidsisa da hepatitebis _ gavrcelebis mTavari mizezi. saqarTveloSi aiv/SidsiT daavadebulTa TiTqmis ori mesamedi narkotikebis momxmarebelia; narkotikebis momxmarebelTa Soris yoveli meore daavbadebulia C hepatitiT. saxelmwifom miiRo araerTi kanoni narkotikebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. maT Soris aris kanoni ,,narkotikuli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb,~ romelic aregulirebs mTel rig SezRudvebs narkotikuli danaSaulis Camden pirTa mimarT: momxmarebelTa, xelSemwyobTa da gamsaRebelTa. sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZvelze narkotikuli saSualebis momxmarebels 3 wliT CamoerTmeva: a) satransporto saSualebis marTvis ufleba; b) saeqimo saqmianobis ufleba; g) saadvokato saqmianobis ufleba; d) pedagogiuri da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi saqmianobis ufleba; e) saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis saxazino (sabiujeto) dawesebulebebSi _ sajaro xelisuflebis organoebSi saqmianobis ufleba;

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v) pasiuri saarCevno ufleba; z) iaraRis damzadebis, SeZenis, Senaxvisa da tarebis ufleba. narkotikuli danaSaulis xelSewyobisaTvis aRniSnuli uflebebi izRudeba 5 wliT, xolo gamsaRebels satransporto saSualebis marTvis ufleba ezRudeba 5 wliT, xolo yvela danarCeni _ 15 wliT. aRniSnuli kanonis Tanaxmad, narkotikuli saSualebis momxmareblisaTvis, narkotikuli saqmianobis xelSemwyobisaTvis an narkotikuli saSualebis gamsaReblisaTvis uflebebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv acnobebs saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros, sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs _ sajaro samsaxuris biuros, saqarTvelos centralur saarCevno komisias, saqarTvelos advokatTa asociacias. uflebebi pirs aRudgeba mas Semdeg, rac gava zemoT miTiTebuli vada da, aseve, mniSvnelovania isc, rom uflebis aRsadgenad momxmarebelma unda waradginos saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebis mier gacemuli sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvna imis Sesaxeb, rom igi aRaraa narkotikze damokidebuli da mxolod amis Semdeg aRudgeba mas ufleba. Tu piri ar Seasrulebs aRniSnul valdebulebebs, maSin mas daekisreba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba. saqarTvelos kanoni ~narkotikuli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb, muxli 3. uflebebis CamorTmeva

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naxeT nawyveti flmidan `es erTjeradi nivTebi~. ganixileT jgufSi mocemuli SemTxveva. romel personaJebs miesadageba narkotikuli danaSaulis ganmarteba? jgufSi SeaTanxmeT da CamoayalibeT hipoTeza, rogor SeiZleba Tavidan aecilebinaT filmis personaJebs danaSaulSi monawileoba? gaamagreT Tqveni hipoTeza argumentebiT. Semdegi gakveTilisaTvis Sin dawereT Txzuleba `10 nabiji narkomaniis Tavidan asarideblad~. Tambaqo da nikotinizmi

leqsikoni
nikotinizmi - nikotiniT qronikuli an mwvave mowamvla; nikotini - Sxami, romelsac Seicavs Tambaqo; faqtebi: 2009 wlis gaeros uwyebanis monacemebiT, Tambaqo sikvdilianobis erT-erTi mTavari mizezia da 5 milionamde adamians klavs yovelwliurad. 2007 wels aSS-Si Catarebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, yovel wels mowevisagan gamowveuli mizezebiT 530 000 adamiani kvdeba. es ufro metia, vidre avtokatastrofebiT, narkotikebis gadaWarbebuli miRebiT, alkoholuri ciroziT, mkvlelobebiT da TviTmkvlelobebiT gamowveuli sikvdilis SemTxvevebi. didi britaneTis jandacvis 2007 wlis monacemebiT, moweva weliwadSi iwvevs 121 000 sikvdilis SemTxvevas. mwevelebi 13_14 wliT adre kvdebian, vidre aramwevelebi. amave kvlevebis Tanaxmad, filtvis kiboTi daavadebis riski mwevelTa Soris 18-jer maRalia, vidre aramwevlebSi. mwevelebi iwveven xanZris 33%-s (nagavSi gadagdebuli

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sigaretebis da a.S. gamo). msoflio jandacvis organizaciis (janmo) da aSS-is daavadebis kontrolisa da prevenciis centris mier Tambaqos mowevasTan dakavSirebiT 1999-2005 ww. warmoebul iqna globaluri kvleva, romelic moicavda 13-dan 15-wlamde bavSvebs 132 qveynidan. kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom 43,9% meoradad SeisunTqavs Tambaqos kvamls saxlSi, xolo 55,8% - sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi.

saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTveloSi Tambaqos kontrolis Sesaxeb~ krZalavs Tambaqos moxmarebas: saaRmzrdelo, saganmanaTleblo, saganmanaTleblosaaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebsa da daxurul sportul nagebobebSi; samedicino da farmacevtul dawesebulebaTa SenobebSi; benzingasamarTi, gazgasamarTi da gazgamanawilebeli sadgurebis mTel teritoriaze; yvela Senoba-dawesebulebaSi, sadac inaxeba cecxlsaSiSi nivTierebebi; sazogadoebriv transportSi, maT Soris, avtobusSi, samarSruto taqsiSi, sahaero xomaldSi, metropolitenSi, tramvaisa da troleibusSi. aRniSnuli kanonis Tanaxmad, Tambaqos produqciis realizacia akrZalulia: skolamdeli aRzrdis dawesebulebebSi, skolebSi, agreTve 18 wlamde asakis pirebisaTvis gankuTvnil dawesebuleba-organizaciebSi da maT mimdebare teritoriebze 50 metris daSorebiT; yvela saxis samedicino da saswavlo dawesebulebaSi; im savaWro obieqtebSi, romlebSic xdeba bavSvTa tansacmlisa da saTamaSoebis realizacia;

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sigaretis erTeuli RerebiT, erTeuli SefuTviT (kolofiT) Tu masSi 20 Rer sigaretze naklebia; 18 wlamde asakis pirebze.

am kanonis darRvevisaTvis fizikur da iuridiul pirebs pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT: 1. Tambaqos produqciis realizacia im savaWro obieqtebSi, sadac warmoebs bavSvTa tansacmlisa da saTamaSoebis realizacia (jarima 100 lari). 2. Tambaqos produqciis realizacia skolamdeli aRzrdis dawesebulebebSi, skolaSi, 18 wlamde asakis pirebisaTvis gankuTvnil dawesebuleba-organizaciebSi da maT kuTvnil teritoriebidan 50 metris daSorebiT, agreTve yvela saxis samedicino da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi (jarima 50 lari). 3. Tambaqos produqciis realizacia 18 wlamde asakis pirze (jarima 100 lari). 4. sigaretis Rerebis, erTeuli SefuTvis (kolofis) realizacia, Tu masSi sigaretis 20 Rerze naklebia (jarima 10 lari). saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi, muxli 1553 - Tambaqos produqcis realizaciisaTvis dadgenili moTxovnebis Seusrulebloba. ganixile mocemuli SemTxveva kanonis aq moyvanili debulebebis kuTxiT. moifiqre, ra saqmianobas urCevdi qalbaton ingas sakuTari ojaxis keTildReobisTvis. daasabuTe Seni mosazreba. qalbatoni inga umuSevari iyo da gadawyvita, ojaxi gare vaWrobiT erCina. amisaTvis man daiwyo mzesumzirisa da sigaretis gayidva. man kargad icoda, rom saukeTeso adgili amisaTvis misi saxlis gverdze arsebuli skolis ezo iyo. man daiwyo sigaretis RerebiT vaWroba. misi

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ZiriTadi myidvelebi me-8_ me-11 klaseli bavSvebi iyvnen.

azartuli TamaSobebi - anu TamaSobebi, romelTa Sedegi mTlianad an nawilobriv damokidebulia SemTxveviTobaze, tardeba banqos dastis, kamaTlis, saTamaSo borblis (ruletis) an saTamaSo aparatis meSveobiT da masSi monawileoba fuladi mogebis SesaZleblobas iZleva; moTamaSe _ piri, romelic TamaSobaSi monawileobs mogebis miRebis mizniT; samorine _ specialuri saTamaSo dawesebuleba, sadac saTamaSo borblis (ruletis), banqos, saTamaSo magidebis, kamaTlebis, saTamaSo aparatebisa da sxva inventaris saSualebiT xorcieldeba fuladi mogebis gaTamaSeba; saTamaSo aparati _ meqanikuri an eleqtronuli meqanizmebi ,romlebic moqmedebaSi mohyavT monetebiT, JetonebiT an sxva saSualebiT da mogeba ganisazRvreba cifrebis, simboloebis an maTi kombinaciis mTliani an nawilobrivi damTxveviT; lataria _ nebayoflobiTi jgufuri an masobrivi TamaSoba, romlis drosac latariis organizatori sajarod gamoqveynebuli, dadgenili wesisa da pirobebis dacviT aTamaSebs saprizo fonds. mogebis damTxveva latariis romelime bileTze damokidebuli ar aris latariis organizatoris an sxva subieqtis neba-survilsa da moqmedebaze, warmoadgens SemTxveviTobas da ar SeiZleba iyos specialurad mowyobili. totalizatori _ TamaSoba, romelic imarTeba moTamaSeebis mier Sejibrebis mimdinareobis an/da TamaSobis Sedegis prognozze fsonebis dadebiT, xolo mogeba damokidebulia fsonis moculobaze. totalizatori imarTeba mxolod specialurad mowyobil SenobaSi;

114

21 wlamde asakis pirisaTvis samorineSi TamaSi, xolo 18 wlamde asakis pirisaTvis saTamaSo aparatebTan TamaSi an/da sxva momgebian TamaSobebSi (garda wamaxalisebeli gaTamaSebisa) monawileoba akrZalulia. azartuli TamaSobebis organizatori valdebulia uzrunvelyos piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentis meSveobiT moTamaSeTa asakis Semowmeba; administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis Tanaxmad, azartuli TamaSobebis kanondamrRvevi organizatori dajarimdeba 1000 lariT. gaixsene, CamoTvlili TamaSobebidan romelia yvelaze popularuli Sens Tanatolebs Soris. mewyvilesTan erTad Camoayalibe is mizezebi, ris gamoc aris esa Tu is TamaSoba popularuli. moifiqre is alternativebi, rac, erTi mxriv, daakmayofilebda mozardebis survils, rom iTamaSon da, meore mxriv, Tavidan aaridebda maT kanonis darRvevas. civi iaraRi arasrulwlovnebis mier civi iaraRis tareba sakmaod seriozul problemebs uqmnis maT. umetes SemTxvevaSi arasruwlovani gauazreblad iyenebs mas, rasac savalalo Sedegi mohyveba. es mavne Cveva seriozul problemad iqca. saWiro gaxda reagireba saxelmwifos mxridan. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT civi iaraRis tareba dasjadad gamocxadda. 1. 21 wlis asaks miuRweveli an nasamarTlobis mqone an/da narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis administraciul saxdeldadebuli piris mier civi iaraRis tareba, _ isjeba jarimiT. 2. igive qmedeba ,Cadenili: a) araerTgzis; b) imis mier, vinc nasamarTlevi iyo ganzraxi mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, _ isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT or wlamde. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 2381

115

imas, Tu ra aris civi iaraRi, adgens eqsperti, magram aris garkveuli sagnebi, romlebic yvela SemTxvevaSi iTvleba civ iaraRad. esenia: dana, najaxi. rogorc vxedavT, civi iaraRis tarebaze isjeba ara mxolod arasrulwlovani, aramed srulwlovanic 21 wlamde. es ki mianiSnebs im saSiSroebaze, rasac civi iaraRis tareba warmoadgens sazogadoebisTvis. rac Seexeba nasamarTlev pirsa da narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis administraciul saxdeldadebul pirebs, mniSvneloba ara aqvs maT asaks. isini SeiZleba 40 wlisebic iyvnen, magram civi iaraRis tarebis ufleba ar aqvT, sanam nasamarTleoba ar gauvaT an administraciuli saxdeli ar gauqarwyldebaT. statistikurad gacilebiT meti danaSauli, maT Soris mkvleloba, xdeba swored civi iaraRiT. viTomda iseTma uwyinarma qmedebam, rogoricaa danis tareba, Zalian bevri arasrulwlovnis sicocxles daasva daRi, rom araferi vTqvaT sicocxlis mospobaze. jgufSi msjelobis Sedegad gansazRvreT, samarTliania Tu ara civi iraRis tarebis kanoniT dadgenili SezRudvebi. CamoTvaleT yvela is safrTxe, romlebic dakavSirebulia civi iaraRis tarebasTan. moiyvaneT Sesabamisi magaliTebi. CamoayalibeT Tqveni mosazreba Tqvens skolaSi civi iaraRis tarebis kontrolis meqanizmebTan dakavSirebiT.

116

21
?

ra aris saxelmwifo?

warmoidgine sazogadoeba, romelSic wesebi ar arsebobs da adamianebs SeuZliaT akeTon is, rac surT. am situacias `bunebiT mdgomareobas~ uwodeben.

davaleba

rogori iqneboda bunebiTi mdgomareoba Sens klasSi? aRwere situacia, romelic Seiqmneba im SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels rom klasis marTvis ufleba ar hqondes? imuSave TanaklaselebTan erTad jgufebSi da Seecade, pasuxi gasce kiTxvebs: ra iqneboda am bunebiTi mdgomareobis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi? ra mouvidoda Seni Tanaklaselebis uflebebs? rogori iqneboda Seni da Seni Tanaklaselebis cxovreba? ingliseli filosofosi jon loki bunebiT mdgomareobas ikvlevda. Seadare Seni pasuxebi jon lokis mosazrebebs: - ufro Zlierni da Wkvianni Seecdebian sxva adamianTa Tavisuflebis, sicocxlisa da qonebis xelyofas; - ufro sustni gaerTiandebian da Seecdebian ufro ZlierTaTvis uflebaTa warTmevas; - adamianebi iqnebian daucvelni. jon loki da sxva filosofosebi Tvlidnen, rom `bunebiTi mdgomareobis~ Tanmxlebi problemebis Tavidan asarideblad adamianebi daTmobaze unda wavidnen: moilaparakon, rom amieridan maTi Tavisufleba garkveulad SeizRudos, Seqmnan mTavroba da daemorCilon am mTavrobis mier SemoRebul wesebsa da kanonebs. am SeTanxmebas sazogadoebrivi xelSekruleba, anu socialuri kontraqti ewodeba. socialuri kontraqtis Tanaxmad adamianebi sakuTari nebiT qmnian mTavrobas, mTavroba ki icavs am adamianTa uflebebs da uzrunvelyofs maT usafrTxoebas. sazogadoebaSi lasTan SedarebiT gacilebiT meti da rTuli problemebi arsebobs, romelTa gadawyveta sazogadoebis saerTo Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. erT-erTi ganmartebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo sazogadoebis umravlesobis SeTanxmebiT Seqmnili organizaciaa, romelmac unda Seasrulos sazogadoe-

117

brivi dakveTa: moagvaros saerTo Tu kerZo pirTa problemebi, romelTa mogvareba calkeuli adamianisaTvis Zalze rTulia, araefeqturi an sulac - SeuZlebeli. xelisufleba im adamianTa erTobliobaa, romlebic saxelmwifos amuSaveben. umetes qveynebSi xelisuflebis wevrTa nawils SedarebiT maRali Tanamdebobis pirebs mosaxleoba irCevs, nawils ki - Tavad xelisuflebis danarCeni wevrebi irCeven an niSnaven. 1. saxelmwifosa da moqalaqeTa ufleba-movaleobebi
uflebebi usafrTxo cxovreba jansaR garemoSi cxovreba mewarmoeba monawileobdes qveynis marTvaSi moiTxovos saxelmwifosagan moqmedeba mxolod kanonis farglebSi moiTxovos saxelmwifo finansebis gonivruli xarjva movaleobebi gadasaxadis gadaxda konstituciisa da sxva kanonebis dacva samxedro valdebuleba kulturis Zeglebisa da garemos gafrTxileba saz. wesrigis dacva sax.-os daxmareba danaSaulTan da sxva ukanonobasTan brZolaSi usafrTxoebis dacva qveyanaSi garemos sisufTavis dacva mewarmeobisaTvis pirobebis Seqmna qveyanaSi ekonimikis ganviTarebisaTvis pirobebis Seqmna kanonis dacva yoveli pirovnebisaTvis qveynis marTvaSi monawileobis miRebisaTvis pirobebis Seqmna saxelmwifo finansebis moqalaqeTa sasargeblod gamoyeneba samarTliani da damoukidebeli sasamarTlos uzrunvelyofa

moqalaqeebi

saxelmwifo

kanonis damrRvevTa dasja gadasaxadebis akrefa moqalaqeebis samxedro samsaxurSi gawveva kanonis miReba samarTlebrivi davebis ganxilva

arsebobs Tu ara iseTi movaleobebi, romlebic orive mxares gaaCnia? romeli uflebebi da movaleobebi unda hqondes, Seni azriT, mxolod moqalaqes? mxolod saxelmwifos? ratom? (daasabuTeT pasuxi) warmoidgine sazogadoeba, romelSic wesebi ar arsebobs da adamianebs SeuZliaT akeTon is, rac surT. am situacias `bunebiT mdgomareobas~ uwodeben. SegiZliaT cxrils daamatoT punqtebi

118

m e m e _ s a q a r T v e l o s m o q a l a q e

s a q a r T v e l o s

m o q a l a q e

2. saxelmwifos funqciebi
sxva saxelmwifoebSi myofi sakuTari moqalaqeebis daxmareba Tavdacva samxedro Tavdasxmis (agresiis) SemTxvevaSi

kulturuli, ekonomikuri urTierTobebi sxva qveynebTan

sxva sax-foebisaTvis daxmarebis gaweva Tu mas am saxfos teritoriaze raime interesi gaaCnia. vTqvaT dakarguli qonebis, damaluli damnaSavis moZebna da gadacema

sagareo

funqciebi

s
saSinao funqciebi

mSvidobis, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, konfliqtebis mogvareba da adaminebis uflebebis dacva. janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacva, jansaR garemoze zrunva

qveynis marTvaSi moqalaqeTa monawileobis uzrunvelyofa

momavali Taobis aRzrda, mecnierebis ganviTareba

ekonomikis ganviTareba

kulturul RirebulebaTa dacva da ganviTarebis xelSewyoba

saxelmwifos romeli funqcia migaCnia yvelaze mniSvnelovnad? ratom? Seni azriT, konkretulad ra igulisxmeba TiToeul funqciaSi?

96
e d a s a x

97

119

22

ra aris demokratia?

warmoidgine, rom klaselebs gsurT SabaT-kviras drois erTad gatareba da gaqvT ramdenime idea: _ gaxvideT bunebaSi; _ waxvideT diskoTekaze an restoranSi saqeifod; _ waxvideT kinoSi an TeatrSi; _ moinaxuloT muzeumi an romelime istoriuli Zegli. Seni azriT, rogor unda gaakeTos arCevani klasma? rogor moiqceviT? Semoxaze SenTvis misaRebi pasuxi: a) rogorc ideis avtorebi SeTanxmdebian; b) rogorc maswavlebeli gadawyvets; g) wilisyriT: variantebs davwerT patara qaRaldebze da romelic xels amoyveba; d) yvelani ganvixilavT TiToeul variants da umravlesobis azri iqneba gadamwyveti. daalage CamonaTvali samarTlianobis mixedviT. romelia yvelaze samarTliani? ----------------------------------------------------------davuSvaT, rom umravlesobam gadawyvita bunebaSi gasvla, Seni azriT, romeli iqneba yvelaze samarTliani da megobruli gadawyvetileba? yvelaze demokratiuli? Semoxaze pasuxi a) umravlesoba moiqces, rogorc surs da is, visac bunebaSi ar undoda wasvla, saerTod ar waiyvanos; b) umravlesobam iZulebiT gaakeTebinos umciresobas is, rac Tavad surs; g) waxvideT megobris agarakze, sadac bunebac iqneba, sufrac da gzad istoriul Zeglebsac moinaxulebT.

120

demokratia aris sazogadoebis cxovrebis da marTvis iseTi wesi, rodesac gadawyvetilebebs iRebs umravlesoba, magram iTvaliswinebs umciresobis da calkeuli adamianebis interesebs. demokratia umravlesobis SezRuduli Zalauflebaa. Seni azriT, ras unda niSnavdes termini SezRuduli Zalaufleba? warmoidgine, rom Sens klasSi 29 moswavlea. 15 erTi ideis momxrea, 14 ki meoris. rogor miiRebT gadawyvetilebas? ratom? aris Tu ara demokratia marTvisa da, saerTod, gadawyvetilebis miRebis idealuri, unaklo modeli? daasabuTe pasuxi. TanaklaselebTan erTad Camowere dafaze dadebiTi da uaryofiTi pasuxis argumentebi da gadawere rveulSi. demokratia marTvis unaklo modelia: diax argumentebi ara argumentebi

`demokratia aris mmarTvelobis yvelaze cudi forma, xolo mmarTvelobis yvela sxva forma masze uaresia~. uinston CerCili
rogor gesmis am gamonaTqvamis mniSvneloba? demokratia berZuli sityvaa da niSnavs `xalxis Zalauflebas. Demos xalxi, Cratos Zalaufleba. demokratiis samSoblod Zveli saberZneTi iTvleba aTenSi yvela mniSvnelovan sakiTxs agora - saxalxo kreba wyvetda. Tumca manamde, saerTo-saxalxo krebaze moqalaqeTa umravlesobis mier gadawyvetilebebis miRebis faqtebi Zvel SuamdinareTSi SumerTa qalaqebSic dasturdeba. saqarTvelos istoriidan am mxriv cnobili faqtia saerTo-saxalxo Tu kerZo sakiTxebis gadawyveta Temis krebaze (gansakuTrebiT _ aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi da svaneTSi), aseve gvaris krebaze.

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saxelmwifoTa tipebi

kacobriobis istoriis manZilze mravalnairi tipis saxelmwifo arsebula da dResac arsebobs. maTi dajgufeba sxvadasxva niSniT SeiZleba. erT-erTi niSania - politikuri reJimi. politikuri reJimi aris qveynis marTvis xerxebis, meTodebis, formebis erToblioba (Regim _ frang. _ mtkiced dadgenili wesi). arsebobs demokratiuli da arademokratiuli politikuri reJimebi. Sesabamisad, am niSnis mixedviT arsebobs demokratiuli da arademokratiuli saxelmwifoebi. msoflioSi arsebuli 200-ze meti saxelmwifodan daaxloebiT 80 miCneulia demokratiulad, 60 _ nawilobriv demokratiulad, xolo danarCeni arademokratiulad.
xelisuflebis xalxis wyaro monawileoba demokratiuli xalxi realurad monawileobs qveynis marTvaSi mmarTvelobis marTvis wesi safuZveli sazogadoebis interesebi, TiToeuli moqalaqis keTildReobaze zrunva demokratiuli; iZulebis meTodebi mxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi adamianis uflebebi aRiarebulia, daculia, uzrunvelyofilia maTi ganxorcieleba

sazogadoebis neba

romelime calkeuli an saerTod Zaladoba, jgufis, ara, daSineba, xelisuflear aris dacfenis an mxolod sazogadoebaSi uli, formalurad. baSi Zaladoba gulgrilobis, myofTa piar aris danarCen simadvileSi sul erTia sazogadoeyvelaferi radi, Seqmnili maTi principis baze; xalxis jgufuri Tu ganxordanergva. naTesauri cielebis Tavsmoxveuli, nebis es xdeba pirobebi sazogadoebis ugulvebeinteresebi aSkarad an lyofiT nebis SeniRbulad. sawinaaRmdego xdeba mmarTveloba

aRniSne, cxrilSi mocemuli romeli grafebi Seesabameba saqarTvelos? daasabuTe Seni azri magaliTebiT (Camoayalibe argumentebi)

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arademokratiuli

m e

s a q a r T v e l o s

m o q a l a q e

SeZlebisdagvarad yvelas interesebis gaTvaliswineba;

mravalmxrivi, saintereso gadawyvetileba;

demokratias SeiZleba hqondes ori demokratias SeiZleba ZiriTadi nakli:AD

samarTliani gadawyvetileba;

Tanxmoba adamianTa Soris.

umciresobis interesebi; umravlesobis neba;

calkeuli adamianis uflebebi da interesebi.

hqondes ori ZiriTadi nakli: 1. SesaZloa umravlesobas da 1. SesaZloa umravlesobas da umciresobas Soris Zalze mcire gansxvaveumciresobas Soris Zalze mcba iyos raodenobrivad. am SemTxvevaire gansxvaveba iyos raodenoSi sazogadoebis TiTqmis naxevris brivad. am SemTxvevaSi sazoganeba aRmoCndeba ugulebelyofili. doebis TiTqmis naxevris 2. umravlesobis mxardaWera ar aris ugulebeneba aRmoCndeba idealuri, saukeTeso an unaklo gadlyofili. awyvetilebis garantia. 2. umravlesobis mxardaWera ar aris idealuri, saukeTeso an unaklo gadawyvetilebis garantia.

Kkanoni

kanoni

demokratia

sasamarTlo

sasamarTlo biznesi,

biznesi, ekonomika

ekonomika

masmedia, ganaTleba ecniereba, mecniereba, xelovneba

masmedia, ganaTleba xelovneba

kanonebi miiReba sazogadoebis interesebis mixedviT da daculia kanonebi miiReba maTi uzenaesoba Tavad sazogadoebis saxelmwifosTvisac

damoukidebeli da miukerZoebelia, moqmedebs mxolod kanoniT

interesebis mixedviT da dacukanonier sazogadoebis moqmedebs mxolod miiRebalia mxolod mikerZoebulia, ar aris monopolizebulia, SeboWilia da emsaxurefarglebSi, interesebs kanoniT maTi uzenaesoba calkeuli fenebisa da damoukidebeli, emsaximarTebayvelas mmarTveli ba mmarTvelTa intereeZleva Tavad jgufebis interesebis ureba mmarTveli fenis fenis an masTan sebs, maTTvis sainteremewarmeobis mixedviT da Tu interesebs. im daaxloebuli wris so informaciisa da saxelmwifosTvisac Tanabari ideebis gavrcelebasa saWiroa, arc maTi SemTxvevaSi Tu mier, konkurencia SesaZlebloba darRvea warmoadgens moqmedebs kanonis SezRudulia da danergvas
problemas miiReba mxolod saxelmwifosaTvis safuZvelze, Tavad mikerZoebulia, ar kanonia usamarTlo

Tavisufalia, saxTavisufalia da emsaxelmwifo Tavisufalia, kontroli ureba sazogadoebis xorcieldeba mxolod interesebs saxelmwifo kanonier farglebSi, kontroli yvelas eZleva xorcieldeba mewarmeobis Tanabari damoukidebeli da Tavisufalia da mxolod emsaxureba miukerZoebelia, SesaZlebloba

aris calkeuli fenebisa monopolizebulia, damoukidebeli, da jgufebis imarTeba interesebis emsaxureba mmarTveli mmarTveli fenis mixedviT da Tu fenis an masTan interesebs. im saWiroa, arc maTi daaxloebuli wris SemTxvevaSi Tu darRvea mier, konkurencia warmoadgens moqmedebs kanonis SezRudulia safuZvelze, Tavad problemas SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom romelime saxelmwifoSi srulad arsebobdes kanonia usamarTlo saxelmwifosaTvis demokratiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela komponenti? ratom?

SeboWilia da emsaxureba mmarTvelTa interesebs, maTTvis saintereso informaciisa da ideebis gavrcelebasa da danergvas

SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom romelime saxelmwifoSi srulad yvela komponenti? oarsebobdes q a l a q e demokratiisaTvis d a s a x e l m damaxasiaTebeli w i f o 101 ratom?

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saxelmwifoebs agreTve ganasxvaveben xelisuflebis mowyobis mixedviT: absoluturi monarqia _ qveyanas marTavs erTi piri _ mefe, Sahi, imperatori, beladi da a.S; respublika _ qveyanas marTavs xalxi pirdapir an arCeuli warmomadgenlebis _ deputatebis, prezidentis da sxvaTa meSveobiT; konstituciuri monarqia _ qveyanas marTavs monarqi da parlamenti. 2. saxelmwifoTa tipebi xelisuflebis mowyobis mixedviT
xelisuflebis umaRlesi organoebi xelisuflebis warmoSoba monarqisaTvis memkvidreoba, xolo sxvebisaTvis monarqis keTilganwyoba, garkveul rols aqac memkvidreoba da qonebrivi mdgomareoba asrulebs. iSviaTad, magram monarqi SeiZleba iyos arCeuli monarqisaTvis memkvidreoba, parlamenti Tu sxva msgavsi organo irCeva xalxis mier an misi wevroba memkvidereobiT gadadis, SesaZloa es orive meqanizmi erTdroulad moqmedebdes sazogadoebis, mosaxleobis arCevani. aseve xelisuflebis maRal organoTa mier dabali donis Tanamdebobis pirTa daniSvna

absoluturi monarqia

monarqi (SesaZloa mrCevelebiT da vazirebiT)

konstituciuri, anu SezRuduli monarqia

monarqi da masTan erTad parlamenti an warCinebulebiT da didebulebiT dakompleqtebuli organo

respublika

xalxis mier arCeuli pirebi da organoebi

gaixsene sxva saxelmwifoebi, sadac xelisuflebis mowyobis formebia absoluturi monarqia, konstituciuri monarqia an respublika rogori tipis saxelmwifos warmoadgens saqarTvelo?

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sxva saxelmwifo organoebi rogorc wesi, yalibdeba monarqis Sexedulebebis safuZvelze met-naklebi Tanafardoba xalxis mier arCevasa da centraluri xelisuflebis mier daniSvnas Soris

Zalauflebis ganawileba absoluturad ekuTvnis monarqs, SesaZloa umniSvnelo gamonaklisebi didi sxvadasxvaoba: SesaZloa Zalauflebis udidesi nawili mainc monarqs hqondes da piriqiT: SeiZleba monarqs mxolod simboluri uflebebi dautovon Zalaufleba ganawilebulia xelisuflebis sxvadasxva organoebs Soris konstituciisa da kanonmdeblobis mixedviT. umaRlesi Zalaufleba ekuTvnis xalxs, sazogadoebas

Qqveynebi brunei, saudis arabeTi, omani, katari iordania, britaneTi, espaneTi, holandia, dania, norvegia

met-naklebi Tanafardoba xalxis mier arCevasa da centraluri xelisuflebis mier daniSvnas Soris

safrangeTi, germania, a.S.S., ruseTi

saxelmwifos mowyobis romeli formaa SenTvis yvelaze misaRebi? ratom?

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saxelmwifos ZiriTadi niSnebi

im pirobebs, romlebic aucilebelia saxelmwifos arsebobisaTvis saxelmwifos ZiriTadi niSnebi ewodeba. saxelmwifos umTavresi niSania suvereniteti, anu uzenaesoba qveynis SigniT (kanonis farglebSi) da damoukidebloba qveynis gareT (sxva saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobaSi). saxelmwifos aucileblad hyavs xelisufleba, moqalaqeebi, aqvs teritoria da saxelmwifo simbolika: droSa, Rerbi, himni, saxelmwifo ena. saxelmwifos gaaCnia dedaqalaqi. agreTve, saxelmwifos erT-erTi ZiriTadi niSania sagadasaxado sistema.

davaleba

saxelmwifos romel niSnebs gansazRvraven konstituciis Semdegi muxlebi (ixileT konstituciis teqsti danarTSi gv.152): muxli 8 ________________________________ muxli 2 ________________________________ muxli 13 ________________________________ muxli 94 ________________________________ muxli 10 ________________________________ muxli 11 ________________________________ rogor fiqrob, ratom iTvleba dedaqalaqi saxelmwifos ZiriTad niSnad? ratom aris sagadasaxado sistema saxelmwifos ZiriTadi niSani? Sen mTeli Semodgomis ganmavlobaSi agrovebdi jibis fuls Zalian saWiro piradi nivTis SesaZenad, magram zamTris pirvel dRes Sen ojaxSi moulodnelad gafuWda gamaTbobeli da aucilebeli gaxda axlis SeZena. daumateb Tu ara Sens pirad Tanxas saerTo yulabas? imis miuxedavad, miiReb Tu ara monawileobas fulis SegrovebaSi, iqnebi Tu ara erTerTi, vinc isargeblebs gamaTbobliT? rogori iqneba, Seni azriT, gamaTboblis SeZenisaTvis fulis Segrovebis yvelaze samarTliani gza? ratom? ra moxdeba, fuli rom aravin dados? visi sakuTreba iqneba axalSeZenili gamaTbobeli?

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sad midis gadasaxadebi?

ojaxis wevrTa mier gamaTboblis SeZenisaTvis Segrovili Tanxis msgavsad, gadasaxadebiT Segrovili Tanxac saxelmwifos wevrTa, anu moqalaqeTa saerTo sakuTrebaa, gamiznuli saerTo sazogadoebrivi sikeTis SeqmnisaTvis. sazogadoebriv sikeTes ar hyavs konkretuli mflobeli, misiT sargebloba yvelas SeuZlia. sazogadoebrivi sikeTis martivi magaliTebia gzebi, jansaRi garemo, usafrTxoeba. sazogadoebrivi sikeTis didi nawili gadasaxadebiT Segrovili TanxiT iqmneba. gadasaxadebis gadamxdeli yovelTvis ar sargeblobs yvela sazogadoebrivi sikeTiT. magaliTad axalgazrdebi ar iReben pensias, janmrTelebi ar mkurnaloben saavadmyofoSi, mSvidobis dros jari ar moqmedebs. am motiviT gadasaxadebze uaris Tqma dauSvebeli da aralogikuria, radgan am arguments yvela an umravlesoba gamoiyenebs, umciresobis Senatani xarjs ver gawvdeba, da veravin, maT Soris Senc, roca dagWirdeba, ver isargeblebs sazogadoebrivi sikeTiT. Tumca, zogjer saxelmwifo mosaxleobis garkveul jgufebs gadasaxadebs ar axdevinebs an maT SeRavaTs udgens. es exeba socialurad daucvel da gaWirvebaSi myof adamianebs da aseve maT, visac gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba miuZRvis saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis winaSe (iseve, rogorc gamaTboblis SesaZenad SeiZleba fuli ar dadon maT, visac Semosavali ar aqvT _ magaliTad babuam an bavSvebma).

davaleba

CamoTvale, ra warmoadgens saerTo sazogadoebriv sikeTes Tqvens klasSi an ubanSi; Cawere ramodenime maTgani cxrilSi da Seavse carieli grafebi
saerTo-sazogadoebrivi sikeTe klasSi vin gadaixada fuli?

rogor fiqrob: aris Tu ara gadasaxadebis gadaxda sxvebisadmi pativiscemisa da zrunvis gamoxatva? ratom?

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ra aris biujeti?

is, Tu saidan aqvs saxelmwifos fuli da rogor ixarjeba es Tanxa, dawvrilebiT weria dokumentSi, romelsac saxelmwifo biujeti ewodeba. biujeti (frang. Budget) aris Semosavalgasavlis nusxa drois garkveuli monakveTisaTvis xarjTaRricxva. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujeti dgeba yovelwliurad. mas axali wlis dadgomamde ramdenime TviT adre amtkiceben. saxelmwifo biujets amzadebs ---------------------------------------, xolo amtkicebs ----------------------------------------- . (ipoveT pasuxi saqarTvelos konstituciaSi da CawereT). 1. saqarTvelos biujeti (gamartivebuli nimuSi) xarjebi
saerTo daniSnulebis saxelmwifo momsaxureba mag: sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli organoebi; safinanso da sagadasaxado-sabiujeto saqmianoba; sagareo-politikuri saqmianoba; mniSvnelovani samecniero gamokvlevebi; Tavdacva sazogadoebrivi wesrigi da uSiSroeba ganaTleba janmrTelobis dacva socialuri dazRveva da socialuri uzrunvelyofa mag: daxmarebebi avadmyofobis dros, daxmarebebi orsulobasa da mSobiarobasTan dakavSirebiT, daxmarebebi droebiT Sromisuunarobis dros, sapensio programebi sabinao-komunaluri meurneoba saqmianoba kulturis, sportisa da religiis sferoSi saTbob-energetikuli kompleqsi soflis meurneoba gadamamuSavebeli mrewveloba mSenebloba transporti da kavSirgabmuloba garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacva

Tanxa

128

Semosavali sagadasaxado Semosavlebi arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi saxelmwifo qonebis ijaridan miRebuli Semosavlebi jarimebiTa da sanqciebiT miRebuli Semosavlebi saxelmwifo sawarmoebis mogeba gacemuli kreditebis dabruneba latariebisa da sxva momgebiani TamaSebis mowyobaze momsaxurebis miznobrivi mosakrebeli Semosavlebi kapitalis operaciebidan magaliTad: saxelmwifo sawarmoebis, Senobebis, wiaRiseulis gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavali grantebi mag: sxva qveynis mTavrobebidan, saerTaSoriso organizaciebidan, sxva arasaxelmwifoebrivi wyaroebidan saCuqris saxiT miRebuli Semosavali

Tanxa

biujeti sajaro dokumentia da misi naxva nebismier moqalaqes SeuZlia. Tqven SegiZliaT moiZioT Tqveni raionis biujeti da ganixloT klasSi. amisaTvis unda daweroT gancxadeba (gancxadebis SedgenaSi dagexmarebaT nimuSi, romelic saxelmZRvanelos danarTSia mocemuli) da waradginoT igi sakrebuloSi, gamgeobaSi an meriaSi.

129

m e

s a q a r T v e l o s

m o q a l a q e

gaecani biujetis nimuSs da gadaitane ramdenime punqti gaecani biujetis nimuSs da gadaitane ramdenime punqti saxelmwifos funsaxelmwifos funqcionirebis sqemis cariel grafebSi:
qcionirebis sqemis cariel grafebSi: sqema 2. saxelmwifos funqcionirebis

2. saxelmwifos funqcionirebis sqema

mewarmeTa mier gadaxdili gadasaxadi

gadasaxadi sabaJoze

gadasaxadi xelfasidan an sxva Semosavlidan

sxva Semosavlebi Semosavlebi

saxelmwifo xazina

xarjebi

108

130

gaecani biujetis nimuSs da gadaitane ramdenime punqti saxelmwifos funqcionirebis sqemis cariel grafebSi: 2. saxelmwifos funqcionirebis sqema
RonisZieba sazeimo saRamo saswavlo wlis bolos fasi resursebis moZiebis gza gavyidiT daswrebis bileTebs SevagrovebT fuls klasSi davarwmunebT moswavleebsa da maswavlebels RonisZiebis aucileblobaSi vTxovT maRazias, dafaros 30% (fasdaklebis saxiT); danarCens SevagrovebT klasSi

200 lari

dasufTavebis dRe

moswavleTa da maswavleTa dro (4 saaTi)

saCuqari miusafar bavSvTa saxlisaTvis wignebis saxiT

X lari erTi wignisTvis

2. miiReT `biujetis kanoni~, rogorc amas parlamenti akeTebs - SeadgineT Sejerebuli varianti dafaze da kenWi uyareT TiToeul punqts.
RonisZieba fasi resursebis moZiebis gza

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me var moqalaqe: ras niSnavs es

moqalaqeoba niSnavs piris politikur-samarTlebriv kavSirs saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTan, rac gamoixateba urTierTsanacvlo ufleba-movaleobaTa erTianobiT. kanoni saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb.

rogor fiqrob, ra uflebebiT sargebloben saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi? romelia is uflebebi, romlebiTac saqarTveloSi saqarTvelos moqalaqe sargeblobs, ucxoeli ki _ ara?
xmis micemis ufleba arCevnebSi saq. moq ucxoeli biznesi, sxvagvari Sroma kulturuli cxovreba, ganaTleba partiis wevroba an sxva polit. saqmianoba qveyanaSi Semosvla, q-dan gasvla sicocxle, janmrTeloba, usafrTxoeba, socialuri dacva sakuTari uflebebis dacva samarTaldamcavi organoebis meSveobiT referendumSi monawileoba ufleba, iyos arCeuli an daniSnuli sax. Tanamdebobaze samxedro samsaxuri qorwineba sakuTrebis qona

saq. moq ucxoeli

ucxoeli aris piri, romelic: ar aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe da aris sxva qveynis moqalaqe; ar aris arc erTi qveynis moqalaqe, mudmivad cxovrobs sxva qveyanaSi anu moqalaqeobis armqonea. saqarTvelos kanoni ucxoelTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

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saqarTvelos moqalaqeni movaleni arian, daicvan saqarTvelos konstitucia da kanonebi, gaufrTxildnen qveynis teritoriul mTlianobas, xeli Seuwyon mis Zlierebas, iyvnen saqarTvelos interesebis erTgulni. kanoni saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb, muxli 5. saqarTveloSi myofi ucxoelebi valdebulni arian, daicvan saqarTvelos konstitucia da kanonebi, pativi scen qarTul enas, qarTveli eris kulturas, tradiciebs da wes-Cveulebebs, aseve saqarTveloSi mcxovreb eruvnul umciresobaTa uflebebs. kanoni ucxoelTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, muxli 4.
rogor SeiZleba gaxde saqarTvelos moqalaqe? Tu bavSvis orive mSobeli saqarTvelos moqalaqea bavSvis dabadebisas, bavSvi saqarTvelos moqalaqea; Tu erT-erTi mSobeli saqarTvelos moqalaqea da bavSvi saqarTveloSi daibada, igi saqarTvelos moqalaqe iqneba; rogor SeuZlia ucxoels, gaxdes saqarTvelos moqalaqe? sxva qveynis moqalaqes an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs SeuZlia gancxadebiT mimarTos saqarTvelos saxelmwifos (iusticiis saministros an prezidents) da am gziT miiRos moqalaqeoba, Tumca igi unda akmayofilebdes garkveul pirobebs. ucxoeli, romelic miiRebs saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas, debs fics saqarTvelos erTgulebis Sesaxeb qarTul enaze. arasrulwlovanis (18 wlamde) Sesaxeb gancxadeba Seaqvs mis mSobels. aseve SeiZleba, rom saqarTvelos prezidentma mianiWos ucxoels saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba raime gansakuTrebuli motiviT, ris Sedegadac es adamiani ori qveynis moqalaqe xdeba. aseT mdgomareobas `ormagi moqalaqeoba hqvia. SeiZleba Tu ara moqalaqeobis Secvla? ra Tqma unda. amisaTvis iseTive saxis gancxadebaa saWiro, rogoric ucxoels sWirdeba saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis mosapoveblad. aseve, Tu mSoblebi icvlian moqalaqeobas, 14 wlamde maTi Svilic avtomaturad icvlis mas. 14-dan 18-wlamde saWiroa bavSvis Tanxmoba, xolo srulwlovani am sakiTxs Tavad wyvets. rogor dgindeba moqalaqeoba? moqalaqeoba dgindeba piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentebis saSualebiT: piradobis mowmobiT an/da pasportiT. mowmoba gaicema iusticiis saministros mier 16 wlis asakSi, xolo pasporti srulwlovanebisas, 18 wlis asakSi.

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SeiZleba Tu ara moqalaqeobis dakargva? saqarTvelos moqalaqis cxovreba sazRvargareT ar iwvevs moqalaqeobis dakargvas, magram arsebobs kanoniT dadgenili garemoebani, roca piri kargavs saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas. kanonieri safuZvlis gareSe moqalaqeobis CamorTmeva konstituciiT akrZalulia.

davaleba

waikiTxe teqsti saxelmZRvaneloSi da Seavse Teo (13 wlis) daibada saqarTveloSi mSoblebma miiRes safrangeTis moqalaqeoba Teo aris ------------------------------- moqalaqe levani (9 wlis) daibada espaneTSi mSoblebi arian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi levani aris ----------------------- moqalaqe nino (18 wlis) cxovrobs ruseTSi daibada saqarTveloSi mama ruseTis moqalaqea deda saqarTvelos moqalaqea nino aris -------------------------------- moqalaqe

saqarTvelos moqalaqes bevri ufleba aqvs. zogierTi ufleba pirs dabadebidan aqvs, zogierTi - garkveuli asakis miRwevisas, zogsac ki sxvadasxva garemoebebis arseboba sWirdeba.

davalebis pasuxebi (gv. 110)

saq. moq: + + + + + + + + + + + + ucxoeli: - - - - + + + + - + + +

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s a q a r T v e l o s

m o q a l a q e

1. moqalaqis uflebebi (drois sveti)

dabadeba memkvidreobis ufleba da adamianis zogadi uflebebi: sicocxlis, janmrTelobis ufleba da sxva. 7-18 weli SegiZlia damoukideblad gankargo is saxsrebi (magaliTad, fuli), romelic mSoblebma an maTi TanxmobiT sxvebma mogces `saxarjod~, Tu amiT Sen sargebels iReb. yvela adamiani iTvleba bavSvad 18 wlamde bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia

14 weli pasuxs ageb Cadenil danaSaulze sisxlis samarTliT

16 weli gaqvs qorwinebis ufleba (mSoblebis winaswari werilobiTi TanxmobiT an, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos nebarTviT), iReb piradobis mowmobas SegiZlia muSaoba (maT Soris, sawarmos xelmZRvaneloba), Tu amis nebas mogcemen mSoblebi an sagangebo samsaxuri meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo.

18 weli xdebi srulwlovani, SegiZlia aiRo pasporti, xma misce arCevnebSi, imuSavo adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoSi sakrebuloSi, meriaSi, gamgeobaSi (garda

14-18 weli saWiroa Seni Tanxmoba moqalaqeobis Secvlisas

sakr.wevrisa da arCeviTi merisa), TviTon wyvet Seni moqalaqeobis sakiTxs, gaqvs qorwinebis sruli ufleba. TviTon gankargav sakuTar qonebas. 21 weli SegiZlia gaxde sakrebulos wevri, imuSao centraluri xelisuflebis organoebSi

25 weli SegiZlia gaxde deputati

28 weli SegiZlia gaxde mosamarTle

35 weli SegiZlia gaxde prezidenti

60-65 weli SegiZlia gaxvide pensiaze

113

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leqsikoni

ra aris politika?

politika (berZn. Polis - saxelmwifo) - saxelmwifoebrivi saerTo-sazogadoebrivi sakiTxebis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobis sfero. aseve niSnavs saxelmwifos, partiis, pirTa jgufis Tu erTi piris saqmianobis an mosazrebebis ZiriTad gezs, mimarTulebas, ideur xedvas romelime sferoSi. magaliTad, politika ganaTlebis sferoSi. warmoidgine, rom Sens skolaSi wlis bolos ufrosklaselTaTvis didi zeimi igegmeba _ diskoTekiT, gasarTobi RonisZiebebiT, banketiTa da koncertiT. am saRamos momzadebaSi Seni klasis 10 moswavlec unda CaerTos. es saorganizacio jgufi yoveldRiurad Sexvdeba sxva klasebis jgufebs da Seni klasis saxeliT: waradgens ideebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogori unda iyos saRamo; SeimuSavebs gasarTobi RonisZiebebis ganrigs, SearCevs musikas da menius; gansazRvravs, Tu romeli musikaluri an gasarTobi nomrebiT wardgeba Seni klasi sxva moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa winaSe; uzrunvelyofs am musikaluri nomrebis droulad momzadebas klasSi da klasis moswavleTa daswrebas saerTo saskolo repeticiebze, SeimuSavebs RonisZiebis saerTo biujets, uzrunvelyofs klasSi fulis Segrovebas, romelic saRamos mowyobas moxmardeba. TanaklaselebTan erTad imsjele: eTanxmebi Tu ara jgufis Seqmnis ideas? xom ar iqneboda ukeTesi, saRamos momzadebaSi mTeli klasis CarTva? ratom? rogor SearCev jgufis wevrebs? ratom? saWiro iqneba Tu ara, rom sabWos wevrebma samuSao sferoebi dainawilon? ratom? saWiro iqneba Tu ara, rom klasi periodulad dainteresdes, kargad midis Tu ara jgufis da zogadad saRamos organizebis saqme? ratom? ginda Tu ara, rom jgufis wevrebis Secvla SesaZlebeli iyos? ratom?

136

daaxloebiT aseTive principiT aris agebuli saxelmwifo mmarTvelobac. moqalaqeTa didi raodenobis gamo yvelas monawileoba qveynis marTvaSi SeuZlebelia, amitom adamianebi irCeven TavianT warmomadgenlebs, akisreben maT sxvadasxva movaleobebs da aniWeben garkveul uflebebs. ra Tqma unda, arCeul warmomadgenlebs unda hqondeT saerTo-sazogadoebriv sakiTxebze muSaobis survili, SesaZlebloba da Sesabamisi unarebi da Tvisebebi. isini arCeulni unda iyvnen Tavisuflad Zaladobis gareSe, samarTliani arCevnebiT. qveynis amgvari wesiT marTvas arapirdapiri, anu warmomadgenlobiTi demokratia ewodeba. saqarTvelos xelisufleba dayofilia sam Stod imave miznebiT, ra miznebiTac es klasSi iqneboda sasurveli: 1) erTi da igive pirebis xelSi ar aRmoCndes Zalze didi Zalaufleba. 2) samuSaos danawildes da ufro efeqturad ganxorcieldes. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Stoebia sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo xelisufleba. zogadad, xelisuflebis StoTa funqciebi ase SeiZleba Camoyalibdes: sakanonmdeblo Sto iRebs kanonebs, aRmasrulebeli Sto aRasrulebs, cxovrebaSi atarebs maT, xolo sasamarTlo xelisufleba uzrunvelyofs kanonebis dacvas. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifos moqalaqeTa warmomadgenlebi marTaven, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi xalxs SeuZlia pirdapir, uSualod CaerTos sazogadoebrivi sakiTxebis gadawyvetis procesSi pirdapiri arCevnebis an referendumis meSveobiT. qveynis marTvis am formas uSualo, anu pirdapiri demokratia ewodeba. Tu saRamos organizebis saqme mTlad kargad ar midis, Senc SegiZlia gavlena moaxdino movlenebze Secvalo warmomadgenlebi, Secvalo jgufis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi, magram amisaTvis mxolod Seni azri sakmarisi ar aris, aqac Tanamoazreebis moZieba dagWirdeba.

saqarTvelos yovel moqalaqes ufleba aqvs, daikavos nebismieri saxelmwifo Tanamdeboba, Tu igi akmayofilebs kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil moTxovnebs. saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 29

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waikiTxe orive svetSi mocemuli CamonaTvali. monawileobis romel formas/xerxs airCevdi CamoTvlili problemebis mogvarebisaTvis? daakavSire isrebiT. daamate punqtebi monawileobis formebisa da problemebis CamonaTvals. monawileobis formebi: arCevnebSi monawileoba referendumi da plebisciti; politikur partiaSi gawevrianeba; TanamSromloba samarTaldamcav organoebTan; muSaoba arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi; gadasaxadebis gadaxda; saprotesto aqciis mowyoba; samkerde niSnis tareba; Sexvedris organizeba; sagazeTo statiis momzadeba; xelmowerebis Segroveba; tele-radio gamokiTxvaSi monawileoba; internet forumSi (diskusiaSi) monawileoba referendumi saerTo-saxalxo gamoki Txva kenWisyriT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan saxelmwifoebriv sakiTxebze, romelic mTeli qveynis teritoriaze tardeba. referendumis Sedegebs aqvs kanonis Zala. problemebi: romelime kanoni usamarTlod migaCnia; gsurs, Sens raionSi aRar arsebobdes kriminaluri banda; gsurs Seni azris gamoxatva romelime mniSvnelovan sazogadoebriv problemasTan dakavSirebiT; gsurs, daexmaro adamianebs adgilobrivi (soflis, qalaqis, raionis) sayofacxovrebo problemebis mogvarebaSi; ar mogwons adgilobrivi biujetis ganawilebis wesi.

plebisciti gamokiTxva amomrCevelTa an maTi nawilis azris gasagebad gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan saxelmwifoebriv sakiTxebze. plebiscitis Sedegebi sarekomendacio xasiaTisaa.

politikaSi monawileobis formebi iseve, rogorc saklaso procesebis marTvaSi monawileobisaTvis araa aucilebeli sabWos wevroba, qveynis marTvaSi monawileobac ar gulisxmobs maincdamainc sax. dawesebulebebSi Tanamdebobebze muSaobas.

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?

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Stoebi

rogorc ukve ici, saqarTvelos xelisufleba sami Stosagan Sedgeba. saqarTveloSi kidev mravali saxelmwifo struqturaa, zogierTi maTgani am sqemazea mocemuli.

davaleba

gaecani sqemas da gaeci pasuxi kiTxvebs: romeli erTeulebi Sedian xelisuflebis TiToeul StoSi: aRmasrulebeli --------------------------------------------------------sakanonmdeblo ---------------------------------------------------------sasamarTlo ------------------------------------------------------------romelia damoukidebeli erTeulebi? -----------------------------vis irCevs moqalaqe? -------------------------------------------------vis niSnavs prezidenti? ----------------------------------------------vis kandidaturebs warudgens prezidenti parlaments? -------vis irCevs parlamenti? -----------------------------------------------rogor yalibdeba ministrTa kabineti? ---------------------------ramdeni wevria sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi? -----------------saWiroa Tu ara mosamarTlis dasaniSnad vinmes wardgineba anu rekomendacia?-------

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saqarTvelos moqalaqeni
samomavlod nafici msajulebi

aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba

sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba niSnavs sak.sasam.3 wevrs

sasamarTlo xelisufleba

niSnavs sak.sasam.3 wevrs

x iT

rlame n ovs pa ts

prezidenti

parlamenti
s ga daa ent yenebs p rezid

sakonstitucio sasamarTlo irCevs 3 wevrs uzenaesi

undoblobas ucxadebs

mTavroba (ministrebi)
mTavrobas

prezidentis wardginebiT amtkicebs mTavrobis kandidaturebs

prezidentis wardginebiT amtkicebs uz.sasamarTlos wevrTa kandidaturebs

prezidentis saTaTbiro organo

iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo irCevs

saapelacio iusticiis sabWos wardginebiT niSnavs mosamarTleebs raionuli (saqalaqo) irCevs Tavjmdomares

prezidentis wardginebiT niSnavs gen. prokurors prokuratura

saxalxo damcveli

Aadamianis uflebaTa dacva

kontrolis palata

sax-fo finansebis kontroli

gansakuTrebuli samarTaldamcavi organo

damoukidebeli organoebi, romlebic arcerT Stos ar ekuTvnian

119

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vin da rogor marTavs Cvens saxelmwifos?

Seecade, damoukideblad gasce pasuxi kiTxvebs; Semdeg gadaamowme Seni pasuxi saqarTvelos konstituciaSi.

prezidenti saqarTvelos prezidenti aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTauri. igi warmarTavs da axorcielebs saxelmwifos saSiano da sagareo politikas, uzrunvelyofs qveynis erTianobas da mTlianobas, saxelmwifo organoTa saqmianobas konstituciis Sesabamisad. prezidenti aris saqarTvelos umaRlesi warmomadgeneli sagareo urTierTobebSi, aseve saqarTvelos samxedro Zalebis umaRlesi mTavarsardali. saqarTvelos konstitucia 69-e da 73-e muxlebi

ramdeni weli unda cxovrobdes adamiani saqarTveloSi, rom ufleba hqondes, gaxdes misi prezidenti? ( muxli 70) zedized ramdenjer SeiZleba erTi da igive adamianis prezidentad arCeva? (muxli 70) SeiZleba Tu ara, saprezidento arCevnebSi mxolod erTi kandidati monawileobdes? (muxli 70) romeli ministrebis Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis (anu moxsnis) ufleba aqvs prezidents? (muxli 73.1.g ) rogor unda moiqces igi, Tu romelime sxva ministris gaTavisufleba unda? (muxli 73.1.g ) SeiZleba Tu ara prezidentis dapatimreba? ra moxdeba Tu igi danaSauls Caidens? (muxli 75) hyavs Tu ara prezidents moadgile? aqvs Tu ara vinmes ufleba, Seasrulos prezidentis movaleoba, Tu ki, vis da ra SemTxvevaSi? (muxli 76)

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parlamenti saqarTvelos parlamenti aris qveynis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organo, romelic axorcielebs sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas, gansazRvravs qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs, konstituciiT gansazRvrul farglebSi akontrolebs mTavrobis saqmianobas da axorcielebs sxva uflebamosilebebs. saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 48

aqvs Tu ara parlaments ufleba gadaayenos prezidenti? (muxli 63) SeiZleba Tu ara parlamentis wevrs ekavos raime Tanmdeboba saxelmwifo samsaxurSi? (muxlebi: 53 da 54.2.d) vin irCevs saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavjdomares da rogor? (muxli 55) SeiZleba Tu ara, rom parlamentis wevri imavdroulad iyos biznesmeni an mewarme? (muxlebi: 53 da 54.2.d) roca sazogadoebas romelime deputati ar moswons, SesaZlebelia Tu ara misi gawveva parlamentidan anu misi gadarCeva deputatis Tanamdebobidan? (muxli 52.1) ra moxdeba, Tu deputatma danaSauli Caidina da es daadastura sasamarTlom? (rCeba igi deputatad?) (muxli 54.2.b) vis aqvs parlamentSi kanonproeqtis Setanis ufleba? (muxli 67)

rogor fiqrob . . . SeiZleba Tu ara saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris Secvla (e.i. gadaweva an gadmoweva)? (muxli 2.2) visgan Sedgeba saqarTvelos mTavroba da vin Tavmjdomareobs mas? (muxlebi: 78.2.4 da 79.1) vin wyvets saqarTvelos samxedro Zalis jaris gamoyenebis sakiTxs? vin amtkicebs am gadawyvetilebas? (muxli 100.1) SeiZleba Tu ara saqarTveloSi sxva qveynis jaris Semoyvana? Tu ki, rogor xdeba es? (muxli 100.2)

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ra aris arCevnebi

arCevnebi uSualo demokratiis erT_erTi formaa. arCevnebis saSualebiT moqalaqeebi qmnian saxelmwifo xelisuflebas. arCeviToba da xalxis xmis micemis safuZvelze gadawyvetilebis miReba demokratiis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi principia. dasavlur demokratias safuZvlad daedo sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis arseboba konkurentul garemoSi, saarCevno kampaniis Catarebis Tavisufleba da Tavisufali debatebi, sayovelTao saarCevno ufleba da amomrCevelTa Tanasworoba, xmebis patiosani daTvla, Tavisufali arCevnebi da parlamentarizmi. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 21: ,,yovel adamians aqvs ufleba monawileobdes Tavisi qveynis marTva_gamgeobaSi an uSualod, anda Tavisuflad arCeul warmomadgenelTa meSveobiT. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tanabar safuZvelze Sevides Tavisi qveynis saxelmwifo samsaxurSi. xalxis neba mTavrobis Zalauflebis safuZvelia: es neba gamoxatuli unda iyos perioduli da WeSmariti arCevnebis meSveobiT, romlebic unda efuZnebodes sayovelTao da Tanaswor xmis uflebas da unda Catardes faruli kenWisyriT, an xmis micemis ekvivalenturi Tavisufali procedurebis gamoyenebiT.

davaleba

Seni azriT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs arCevnebs qveynis ganviTarebisaTvis?

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saqarTveloSi arCevnebis Catarebis samarTlebrivi safuZvelia saqarTvelos konstitucia, adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebi da normebi, saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi, sxva sakanonmdeblo aqtebi da saarCevno administraciis samarTlebrivi aqtebi. aRniSnuli kodeqsis Tanaxmad arCevnebi aris saarCevno procesi, romlis daniSnuleba da Sedegia sajaro xelisuflebis warmomadgenlobiTi organoebisa da sajaro xelisuflebis Tanamdebobis pirTa arCeva sayovelTao arCevnebiT. saqarTveloSi arCevnebi tardeba sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirdapiri saarCevno uflebis safuZvelze, faruli kenWisyriT. arCevnebis sayovelTaooba gulisxmobs, rom saqarTvelos yovel moqalaqes 18 wlis asakidan aqvs arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba. saarCevno ufleba gulisxmobs aqtiur da pasiur saarCevno uflebas. aqtiuri saarCevno ufleba (arCevnebSi xmis micemis ufleba) _ moqalaqis ufleba, xmis micemis meSveobiT monawileoba miiRos sajaro xelisuflebis warmomadgenlobiT organoSi xalxis warmomadgenelTa asarCevad da sajaro xelisuflebis Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad Catarebul sayovelTao arCevnebSi, referendumsa da plebiscitSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom arCevnebsa da referendumSi monawileobis ufleba ara aqvs moqalaqes, romelic sasamarTlom qmeduunarod cno an sasamarTlos ganaCeniT sasjelis aRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi imyofeba. narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb kanonis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZvelze narkotikuli saSualebis momxmarebels 3 wliT CamoerTmeva pasiuri saarCevno ufleba, xolo narkotikuli saqmianobis xelmSemwyobs pasiuri saarCevno ufleba CamoerTmeva 5 wlis vadiT.

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leqsikoni
pasiuri saarCevno ufleba (arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba) _ moqalaqis ufleba, kenWi iyaros sajaro xelisuflebis warmomadgenlobiT organoSi asarCevad da sajaro xelisuflebis Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad.

davaleba

ratom aris mniSvnelovani arCevnebis sayovelTaooba? pasuxi daasabuTe.

leqsikoni
Tanaswori saarCevno ufleba gulisxmobs, rom arCevnebSi amomrCevlebi Tanaswor safuZvelze monawileoben da yovel amomrCevels xmaTa Tanabari raodenoba aqvs.

davaleba

ra mniSvneloba aqvs sayovelTao arCevnebis dros Tanasworobis principis dacvas. pasuxi daasabuTe.

pirdapiri saarCevno ufleba gulisxmobs, rom saqarTvelos prezidents, saqarTvelos parlamentisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organos _ sakrebulos wevrebs amomrCevlebi irCeven uSualod. saqarTveloSi arCevnebi tardeba faruli kenWisyriT da akrZalulia nebismieri zemoqmedeba, romelic zRudavs amomrCevlis nebis Tavisufal gamovlenas. mniSvnelovania, rom saarCevno procesi, saarCevno administraciis saqmianoba, arCevnebis monawileTa dafinansebis wyaroebi da odenoba, arCevnebisTvis gaweuli xarji Ria da sajaroa.

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davaleba

ratom aris mniSvnelovani saarCevno procesis sajarooba? ra SeiZleba gamoiwvios sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirdapiri saarCevno uflebis SezRudvam. pasuxi daasabuTe. saqarTveloSi arCevnebi tardeba proporciuli da maJoritaruli saarCevno sistemiT: proporciuli saarCevno sistemiT Catarebuli arCevnebi _ saqarTvelos parlamentisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organos _ sakrebulos wevrebis arCevnebi partiuli siebis safuZvelze; maJoritaruli saarCevno sistemiT Catarebuli arCevnebi _ saqarTvelos parlamentisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organos _ sakrebulos wevrebis arCevnebi erTmandatiani an mravalmandatiani saarCevno olqebis mixedviT;

wyvilebSi imsjeleT ganaTlebis uflebis Sesafaseblad vin Rebulobs gadawyvetilebebs Tu ra da rogor unda iswavlos xalxma? yuradRebiT daakvirdiT frazebs: ganaTlebis ufleba azrovnebis Tavisuflebisa da azris gamoxatvis ufleba sakuTari qveynis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba. axla wyvilebi gaerTiandiT oTxeulebad da CamoayalibeT SeTanxmebuli daskvnebi Semdeg sakiTxebze: rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebebis miReba Cvens skolaSi? vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas ra, rogor unda iswavlebodes da ra RonisZiebebi unda Catardes?

arCevnebi skolaSi

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rogor xdeba skolis marTva? rogor miiReba sabiujeto da finansuri gadawyvetilebebi? rogor xdeba saskolo saswavlo gegmisa Tu Sinaganawesis SemuSaveba? ramdenad aris gaTvaliswinebuli moswavleebis azri?

oTxeulebi dajgufdiT 8-8 moswavled, imsjeleT da gansazRvreT skolaSi demokratiulad arCeuli TviTmmarTvelobis organos/organoebis mniSvneloba. skolis struqtura skolis struqtura moicavs pedagogiur sabWos, sameurveo sabWos, skolis direqcias, moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas da disciplinur komitets. skolaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas saapelacio komiteti.

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zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis (saqarTvelos mTavrobis gankarguleba N 84, 2004 wlis 18 oqtomberi q. Tbilisi) misaRwevad saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema moswavleebs uyalibebs liberalur da demokratiul Rirebulebebze damyarebul samoqalaqo cnobierebas da exmareba maT ojaxis, sazogadoebisa da saxelwmifos winaSe sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebis gacnobierebaSi. saskolo ganaTlebam unda misces moswavles sasikeTo gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisa da aqtiuri moqmedebis SesaZlebloba. amave fuZemdebel dokumentSi gacxadebulia, rom sazogadoebrivi aqtiurobisa da arsebuli resursebis efeqtiani amoqmedebis gareSe calkeuli saSualebebi ver uzrunvelyofs mozardSi zemoTCamoTvlil unar-CvevaTa srulyofil ganviTarebas. amitom, am Cvevebis gamomuSaveba unda moxdes saskolo garemos sruli CarTviT: moswavleebis, maswavleblebis, mSoblebis, administratorebisa da sxva dainteresebuli pirebis monawileobiT iseT gansxvavebul pirobebSi, rogoricaa gamocdebi Tu arCevnebi, saklaso oTaxi Tu saxli, klubi, sportuli darbazi, skolis ezo Tu saxelosno. moswavleebis, maTi mSoblebis, maswavleblebis, direqciisa Tu garemomcveli sazogadoebis aqtiuri monawileoba ganapirobebs miznebis miRwevis xarisxsa da warmatebulobas. demokratiuli moqalaqeobis aRzrdisaTvis aucilebeli saskolo garemos Camoyalibebisa da uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi saSualeba misi mravalferovani TviTmmarTvelobaa. moswavleebis, rogorc Tavisufali da pasuxismgebeli moqalaqeebis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi asparezi ki moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba gaxlavT. saqarTvelos kanoniT zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb (2005 wlis 8 aprili, N 1330 _ Is) zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis administraciuli da finansuri avtonomia _ zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis TviTmmarTveloba, romlis subieqtebi sajaro skolaSi arian: sameurveo sabWo, direqcia, pedagogiuri sabWo, moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba, disciplinuri komiteti, aseve saapelacio komiteti _ aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi; amave kanonis me-10 Tavi aRwers moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas. muxli 47. moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba

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1. moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba aris am kanonisa da skolis wesdebis Tanaxmad arCeulii organo. igi warmoadgens skolis struqturul erTeuls. 2. sabazo da saSualo safexuris moswavleebi irCeven sakuTar TviTmmarTvelobebs. 3. moswavleebi TavianT warmomadgenlebs TviTmmarvelobaSi irCeven Tanasworobis safuZvelze, faruli kenWisyriT, klasebis mixedviT Tanabari warmomadgenlobis principis dacviT. 4. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas xelmZRvanelobs TviTmmarTvelobis mier arCeuli Tavmjdomare. muxli 48. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebi mosawavleTa TviTmmarTveloba: a) SeimuSavebs rekomendaciebs skolis Sinaganawesis Sesaxeb; b) uflebamosilia sameurveo sabWos warudginos winadadebebi skolisaTvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze, maT Soris mopovebuli grantis gankargvasTan da kavSirebiT; g) irCevs Tavis warmomadgenels sameurveo sabWoSi da disciplinur komitetSi; d) wevrTa erTi mexuTedis iniciativiT qmnis saskolo klubebs. davaleba: Seni azriT CamoTvlili funqciebis garda, kidev ra funqcia SeuZlia Seasrulos moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobam? moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis organizeba skolebSi sxvadasxvagvarad aris SesaZlebeli. gTavazobT or gansxvavebul wess: modeli I arCevnebis organizebis pirveli modeli gulisxmobs saklaso saarCevno komisiebis Seqmnas da arCevnebis gamarTvas cal-calke TiToeul klasSi. am SemTxvevaSi yovel klasSi ewyoba calke saarCevno ubani, sakuTari saarCevno yuTiT da sxva atributikiT. modeli II meore modelis mixedviT iqmneba erTi saskolo saarCevno komisia, romelSic Seva yvela klasis TiTo warmomadgeneli, mTel skolaSi iqmneba erTi ubani, idgmeba erTi

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saarCevno yuTi da yoveli klasisTvis gansxvavebuli feris biuletenebi ibeWdeba, raTa xmebis daTvlis dros ar moxdes maTi aRreva. Sereuli modelebi skolebs sakuTari specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZliaT airCion am modelTagan erTi an Seqmnan Sereuli modeli, magaliTad: me-8 ramdenime ganayofi (paraleluri) klasisTvis Seiqmnas calke ubani Tavisi saarCevno komisiiT, me-9 klasebisTvis - calke ubani da saarCevno komisia da a.S. klasebis dajgufeba SesaZlebelia sabazo da saSualo safexurebis mixedviTac. aseT SemTxvevebSi TiTo paraleluri klasidan saarCevno komisiaSi Seva TiTo warmomadgeneli (Tu paraleluri klasi mxolod oria, klasidan saarCevno komisiaSi ori wevri Seva, radgan komisiaSi sam wevrze naklebi ar unda iyos). saarCevno RonisZiebebis kalendari (vadebi) swavlis dawyebidan: 1 kvira _ klasis/skolis saarCevno komisiebis dakompleqteba me-2 kvira _ siebis Sedgena me-3 kvira _ kandidatebis registracia, saarCevno kampaniis warmoeba me-4 kvira _ saarCevno kampaniis warmoeba, arCevnebi saarCevno komisiebi komisiebis Seqmna arCevnebis organizebulad da gamWvirvaled Catareba saarCevno komisiebis saqmea. komisiebis organizebulobaze bevrad aris damokidebuli, ramdenad samarTlianad da gamWvirvaled Catardeba arCevnebi. skolebSi arCevnebisTvis mzadeba, umjobesia, daiwyos klasis da/an skolis saarCevno komisiebis dakompleqtebiT. mniSvnelovania, moswavleebma icodnen, rom Tu surT imuSaon saarCevno komisiaSi, arCevnebSi monawileobas ver miiReben rogorc kandidatebi, vinaidan skolis TviTmmarTvelobis wevrobis kandidatobisa da komisiis wevrobis SeTavseba dauSvebelia.

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Tu skolaSi arCevnebi tardeba pirveli modelis mixedviT, TiToeuli klasi irCevs komisiis sam wevrs, romelTagan momavalSi Tavad komisia erTs Tavmjdomared airCevs, erTs ki - komisiis mdivanad. komisiis sami wevris arCeva SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo ganaTlebis an istoriis gakveTilze maswavleblis daxmarebiT, Semdegi procedurebis dacviT: moswavleebi asaxeleben kandidatebs (SesaZlebelia sakuTari kandidaturis dasaxelebac). mxolod sami kandidatis dasaxelebis SemTxvevaSi, Semdgomi procedurebi aRar tardeba da komisiis wevrTa movaleobas dasaxelebuli sami kandidati Seasrulebas. samze meti kandidatis dasaxelebis SemTxvevaSi, tardeba faruli reitinguli gamokiTxva Semdegi wesis dacviT: a) komisiis wevrobis yvela kandidatis saxeli daiwereba erTnairi ferisa da zomis furclebze, romelTa raodenoba ar unda aRematebodes reitingul gamokiTxvaSi monawile moswavleebis raodenobas. aRniSnuli furclebi daurigdebaT moswavleebs da TiToeuli maTgani Semoxazavs mxolod sami kandidatis saxels. komisiis wevrobis TiToeuli kandidatisTvis micemuli xmebi dajamdeba. komisiis wevri gaxdeba is sami kandidati, romelic reitinguli gamokiTxvis Sedegad miiRebs yvelaze met xmas. b) Tu sareitingo gamokiTxvis Sedegad komisiis wevrTa kandidatebidan komisiis mesame wevri ver gamovlinda xmaTa Tanabrobis gamo, moewyoba sareitingo gamoiTxvis meore turi mxolod im kandidatebis monawileobiT, romlebmac sareitingo gamokiTxvis I turSi Tanabari qulebi daagroves. saarCevno komisiebis wevrTa SerCevisas sasurvelia davicvaT gamokiTxvis faruloba. skolaSi arCevnebis meore modelis mixedviT Catarebis SemTxvevaSi yalibdeba skolis saarCevno komisia da TiToeuli klasi SearCevs mxolod erT wevrs. klasidan skolis saarCevno komisiis wevris gamosavlenad aseve tardeba reitinguli gamokiTxva. skolaSi arCevnebis Sereuli modelis mixedviT Catarebis SemTxvevaSi yalibdeba nakadis saarCevno komisia (mag. me-7, me-8, me-9 klasebis komisia calke da me-10,me-11, me-12 klasebis komisia calke) da TiToeuli klasi aseve SearCevs mxolod erT wevrs. klasidan skolis saarCevno komisiis

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wevris gamosavlenad aseve tardeba reitinguli gamokiTxva. komisiis Tavmjdomarisa da mdivnis arCeva, wevrebs Soris funqciebis ganawileba saarCevno komisiebis Seqmnis Semdeg, pirvelsave sxdomaze aucilebelia wevrebs Soris funqciebis gadanawileba. komisia Ria kenWisyriT, xmaTa umravlesobiT irCevs komisiis Tavmjdomares da komisiis mdivans. kandidaturis dasaxeleba SeuZlia komisiis nebismier wevrs. SesaZlebelia, rogorc sakuTari kandidaturis dasaxeleba, ise sakuTari kandidaturisTvis xmis micema. Tu komisiis Tavmjdomaris da/ an mdivnis arCeva xmaTa umravlesobiT ver moxerxda, maSin funqciebis ganawileba moxdeba wilisyriT: komisiis erTerTi wevri qaRaldis erTnair furclebze daiwers: `komisiis Tavmjdomare~, `komisiis mdivani~ da `komisiis wevri~. furclebi gadaikeceba ise, rom SeuZlebeli iyos warweris wakiTxva da Caiyreba yuTSi an daiyreba magidaze. TiToeuli wevri rig-rigobiT amoiRebs TiTo furcels da Seasrulebs im funqcias, romelic wilisyriT Sexvda. komisiis wevrTa funqciebis gamovlenis Semdeg komisia gaxsnis `saarCevno Jurnals~, romelsac awarmoebs komisiis mdivani. JurnalSi Caiwereba komisiis wevrTa saxelebi da Sesabamisi funqciebi. saarCevno JurnalSi Seva yvela gancxadeba/saCivari rogorc winasaarCevno periodSi, ise kenWisyris dRes. uSualod arCevnebis msvlelobisas komisiis mdivani SeiTavsebs registratoris movaleobas da gascems biuletenebs, Tavmjdomare SeiTavsebs saarCevno yuTze zedamxedvelis funqcias, xolo mesame wevri iqneba nakadis momwesrigebeli. analogiurad moxdeba skolis erTian saarCevno komisiaSi (II modeli) Tavmjdomarisa da mdivnis arCeva. registratoris, nakadis momwesrigeblisa da saarCevno yuTze zedamxedvelis funqciebi SeiZleba ganawildes faruli wilisyriT an kenWisyriT, survilis mixedviT. saarCevno siebis Sedgena mas Semdeg, rac komisia dakompleqtdeba da Tavmjdomare da mdivani airCevian, iwyeba saarCevno siebze muSaoba. imisda miuxedavad, romel models iyenebs skola arCevnebis

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organizebisTvis, yoveli klasis sia Sedgeba cal-calke. klasis saarCevno sias safuZvlad udevs saklaso Jurnali. siis saboloo saxiT CamoyalibebisTvis komisiam unda Seamowmos, xom ar gadavida klasidan an xom ar gadmovida klasSi romelime moswavle ise, rom es ar asaxula saklaso JurnalSi. dazustebul sias xels aweren saarCevno komisiis Tavmjdomare da mdivani da Sedgenidan ara ugvianes meore dRisa gamoakraven skolis TvalsaCino adgilas. sasurvelia, rom skolis administraciam gamoyos saarCevno gancxadebebis dafa, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba gamoikras yvela klasis saarCevno sia. SemdgomSi amave dafaze ganTavsdeba arCevnebTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri informacia. kandidatebis registracia klasis yvela moswavles, saarCevno komisiis wevris garda, ufleba aqvs daregistrirdes kandidatad da kenWi iyaros. skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis wevrobis kandidatad registraciisaTvis msurvelma moswavlem saarCevno komisias unda mimarTos gancxadebiT. kandidatad daregistrireba SeiZleba moxdes mxolod gancxadebis safuZvelze, Tumca saukeTeso kandidatebis gamosavlenad klasma, winsawari SeTanxmebiT, SeiZleba daawesos SezRudvebi minimalur akademiur moswrebaze, disciplinur saxdelebze, mxardamWerTa minimalur raodenobaze da a.S. kandidatobis msurvelis gancxadebas Caibarebs komisiis Tavmjdomare an mdivani. kandidati daregistrirebulad CaiTvleba mas Semdeg, rac saarCevno komisia saarCevno JurnalSi Sesabamis Canawers gaakeTebs da kandidats gadascems furcels, sadac ewereba, rom registrirebulia kandidatad. aRniSnul furcels xels awers komisiis Tavmjdomare da mdivani. damkvirveblebi damkvirveblebi arian sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic akvirdebian, ramdenad samarTlianad da gamWvirvaled tardeba arCevnebi. skolebSi damkvirveblebad SeiZleba moviwvioT arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. damkvirveblobis

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msurvelma organizaciebma winaswar unda mimarTon saarCevno komisias. komisia maT gaatarebs registraciaSi (organizaciis dasaxelebas da damkvirvebelTa monacemebs Seitans saarCevno JurnalSi) da gadascems samkerde niSnebs warweriT `damkvirvebeli~. erT komisiaSi damkvirveblad registracia avtomaturad aZlevs damkvirvebels uflebas imave skolis sxva klasebSi ganaxorcielos dakvirveba. damkvirveblebs ufleba aqvT saarCevno komisiis wevrebs miuTiTon darRvevebze, daweron saCivrebi saarCevno procedurebis darRvevis Sesaxeb da daaregistriron igi saarCevno JurnalSi, magram ufleba ar aqvT Caerion arCevnebis procesSi da xeli SeuSalon saarCevno komisiis wevrebis saqmianobas. saarCevno kampaniis warmoeba kandidatebi saarCevno kampanias iwyeben saarCevno komisiaSi kandidatad registraciis gavlisTanave. maT SeuZliaT dabeWdon da gaavrcelon sakuTari programebi. kampaniis warmoebisTvis dasaSvebia komunikaciis nebismieri samarTliani meTodi. ar SeiZleba mosyidvis, SantaJis, iZulebis, muqaris da sxva Zaladobrivi xerxebis gamoyeneba. Tu aseTi SemTxvevebi gamovlinda da dadasturda, im kandidats, romelmac saarCevno kampaniisas Zaladobriv meTodebs mimarTa, komisia registracias gauuqmebs. kenWiyris oTaxis mowyoba kenWisyris oTaxSi idgmeba sul cota erTi registratoris magida, faruli kenWisyris kabina da saarCevno yuTi. komisiis mdivani/registratori magidasTan zis da gascems saarCevno biuletenebs. faruli kenWisyris kabinis mosawyobad saklaso oTaxis erT-erT kuTxeSi SeiZleba daidgas merxi, masze ki daidos kardonis sakmarisad didi yuTi, raTa SeuZlebeli iyos gverdebidan imis danaxva, romel kandidats misca xma amomrCevelma. saarCevno yuTebiT komisiebis momaragebas uzrunvelyofen Sesabamisi saolqo saarCevno olqebi. yuTi daidgmeba skamze. mis gverdiT mudmivad unda imyofebodes saarCevno yuTis zedamxedveli (komisiis Tavmjdomare) da kontroli gauwios imas, rom erTma amomrCevelma yuTSi erT biuletenze meti ar Caagdos.

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biuletenebisa da Semajamebeli oqmebis dabeWdva arCevnebis momzadebis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia saarCevno biuletenebis dabeWdva. biuletenebi unda daibeWdos droulad, magaliTad, arCevnebamde erTi dRiT adre, amomrCevelTa raodenobaze 5-6 egzemplariT meti, raTa gafuWebuli biuletenis nacvlad komisiam axali biuleteni gasces. Tu amomrCevels biuleteni SemTxveviT gaufuWdeba (magaliTad: Semoxaza ori kandidati an gaexa biuleteni), gafuWebul biuletens daubrunebs komisias, romelic gascems axals, gafuWebuls ki gaanadgurebs. amis Sesaxeb komisiis mdivani saarCevno JurnalSi Seitans Canawers amomrCevlis saxelisa da gvaris aRniSvniT. biuletenebis garda komisia winaswar beWdavs arCevnebis Semajamebel oqms. oqmSi aRiniSneba amomrCevelTa saerTo raodenoba, ramdenma moswavlem miiRo arCevnebSi monawileoba, ramdeni xma miiRo TiToeulma kandidatma, gabaTilebuli biuletenebis raodenoba da gamarjvebuli kandidatis saxeli. kenWisyris Catareba kenWisyris dawyebamde saarCevno komisia unda darwmundes, rom saarCevno yuTi carielia da daluqos yuTi. nakadis momwesrigebeli komisiis wevri TiTo-TiTod an ororad SemouSvebs amomrCevlebs kenWisyris oTaxSi. komisiis mdivani/registratori iRebs erT biuletens, xels awers ukana mxridan da gadascems amomrCevels. amomrCeveli xelmoweriT adasturebs biuletenis miRebas da Sedis faruli kenWisyris kabinaSi. kabinaSi amomrCeveli Semoxazavs misTvis sasurveli kandidatis saxels (dasaSvebia yvela arasasurveli kandidatis saxelis gadaxazva da mxolo erTis datoveba), gadakecavs biuletens da CauSvebs saarCevno yuTSi. yuTTan dgas saarCevno yuTis zedamxedveli/komisiis Tavmjdomare da akontrolebs, rom amomrCevelma yuTSi erT biuletenze meti ar CauSvas. xmis micemis Semdeg amomrCeveli tovebs kenWisyris oTaxs. saCivrebis miReba, ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba komisia arCevnebis mimdinareobisas iRebs saCivrebs, romlebic exeba arCevnebis Catarebis procedurebis dar-

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Rvevebs. komisiisTvis saCivriT mimarTva SeuZlia im klasis moswavles, romelSic komisia atarebs arCevnebs an damkvirvebels. komisia kolegialurad ganixilavs TiToeul saCivars da gadawyvetilebas iRebs xmaTa ubralo umravlesobiT. saarCevno yuTebis gaxsna, xmebis daTvla, Sedegebis Sejameba, oqmis Sevseba da Sedegebis gamoqveyneba kenWisyris dasrulebis Semdeg komisia damkvirveblebis TandaswrebiT amowmebs saarCevno yuTis luqis mTlianobas. Tu luqis mTlianoba darRveulia, komisia adgens amis mizezs. Tu luqis mTlianoba SemTxveviT dairRva, komisia gaxsnis yuTs da Seudgeba xmebis daTvlas. magram, Tu saarCevno yuTis luqis darRveva arCevnebis Sedegebs eWvqveS ayenebs, komisia daniSnavs xelaxal arCevnebs. Tu luqis mTlianoba ar aris darRveuli, komisia xsnis saarCevno yuTs da iwyebs xmebis daTvlas. TiToeuli subieqtis xmebi iTvleba cal-calke. komisiis wevrebi ajameben TiToeuli kandidatisTvis micemuli xmebis raodenobas da monacemebi SeaqvT Semajamebel oqmSi. aseve, Semajamebel oqmSi SeaqvT baTili biuletenebis raodenoba. biuleteni baTilia Tu: amomrCeveli ar Semoxazavs arc erT subieqts; amomrCeveli gadaxazavs yvela subieqts; amomrCeveli Semoxazavs erTze met subieqts; saarCvno yuTSi aRmoCndeba sxva klasisaTvis gankuTvnili saarCevno biuleteni Semajamebel oqms xels awers komisiis yvela wevri da mas dauyovnebliv gamoakraven skolis gancxadebebis dafaze. Semajamebeli oqmis gamokvrisTanave gamarjvebuli kandidati iTvleba klasis warmomadgenlad skolis TviTmmarTvelobaSi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erTze metma kandidatma daagrova xmaTa Tanabari raodenoba, komisia am kandidatebis monawileobiT daniSnavs xelaxal arCevnebs. xelaxali arCevnebi SeiZleba dainiSnos arCevnebidan 1 an 2 dRis Semdeg, magram swavlis dawyebidan ara ugvianes erTi Tvisa.

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danarTebi 1. saarCevno biuletenis nimuSi 2. kenWisyris oTaxis mowyobis sqema 3. Semajamebeli oqmis nimuSi

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danarTi N 1
skola __________________ klasi _________ skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi SemoxazeT TqvenTvis sasurveli mxolod erTi kandidatis nomeri 1. nestan darejani 2. ivane mxargrZeli 3. maia wyneTeli 4. giorgi saakaZe skola __________________ klasi _________ skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi SemoxazeT TqvenTvis sasurveli mxolod erTi kandidatis nomeri 1. nestan darejani 2. ivane mxargrZeli 3. maia wyneTeli 4. giorgi saakaZe

skola __________________ klasi _________ skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi SemoxazeT TqvenTvis sasurveli mxolod erTi kandidatis nomeri 1. nestan darejani 2. ivane mxargrZeli 3. maia wyneTeli 4. giorgi saakaZe

skola __________________ klasi _________ skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi SemoxazeT TqvenTvis sasurveli mxolod erTi kandidatis nomeri 1. nestan darejani 2. ivane mxargrZeli 3. maia wyneTeli 4. giorgi saakaZe

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danarTi N 2 kenWisyris oTaxis mowyobis sqema danarTi N 3 skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi kenWisyris Sedegebis Semajamebeli oqmi skola ________________________ klasi ________________ siaSi amomrCevelTa raodenoba____________________ arCevnebSi monawileTa raodenoba _________________ baTili biuletenebis raodenoba __________________ micemul xmaTa raodenoba

arCeuli kandidatis saxeli da gvari: ___________________________________________________ Tavmjdomare: TariRi: mdivani: komisiis wevr(eb)i:

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32

Cven da kanoni

samarTlianad migaCniaT Tu ara kanoni, rom 6 wlis asakis bavSvebma skolaSi unda iaron da zrdasrulebma ki - ara? moswavleebi, romlebsac es debuleba samarTlianad migaCniaT - gadajgufdiT saklaso oTaxis marcxena nawilSi, xolo sapirispiro mosazrebis mqone moswavleebi - marjvenaSi. vinc arc erT jgufSi ar gadava, dadges oTaxis centralur nawilSi. momxreebisa da mowinaaRmdegebis jgufebma Sejerebulad CamoayalibeT or-ori argumenti sakuTari poziciis dasabuTebisTvis da gamoyaviT TiTo mopasuxe moswavle. neitraluri poziciis moswavleebidan maswavlebeli moixmobs or moxalises, raTa maT Caweron warmodgenili argumentebi dafaze cxrilSi:
samarTliania usamarTloa

gamoyofili mopasuxeebi araumetes 3-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gadmoscemT Tqveni jgufebis argumentebs. am savarjiSoSi reglamentis dacvas mniSvneloba aqvs. argumentebis mosmenisa da Caweris Semdeg neitraluri jgufis wevrebma, dafiqrebis Semdeg gansazRvron - romeli jgufis dasabuTeba miaCniaT ufro damajereblad da am daskvnis Sesabamisad gadainacvlon Sesabamisi jgufisken. maswavlebeli ,,mimxrobili neitralebis raodenobebs aRniSnavs dafaze cxrilis Sesabamis mxares. adamianebs, moqalaqeebs mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi rogorc garkveuli uflebebi, ise movaleobebi aqvT da isini cvalebadia xolme asakTan erTad. wyvilebSi ganxilviT SeavseT kiTxvari: romeli asakidan moqmedebs saqarTveloSi Semdegi qmedebebis momwesrigebeli kanonebi: 1. manqanis marTvis uflebis aReba? 2. daqorwineba?

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

arCevnebSi monawileoba? samxedro samsaxurSi wasvla? gadasaxadebis gadaxda? politikur saqmianobaSi Cabma? sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba? iaraRis tareba? azartul TamaSebSi monawileoba?

xanmokle saklaso diskusia kiTxviT: mogwonT Tu ara es asakobrivi zRvrebi? TiToeulma moswavlem pasuxis mocemuli sami variantidan erT-erTi unda airCios da miuTiTos argumenti: a) Zalian maRali; b) Zalian dabali; c) normaluri. d) moqalaqes asakis matebasTan erTad emateba ara marto uflebebi, aramed movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. vin aris arasrulwovani? qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikons Tu CavxedavT, wavikiTxavT, rom arasrulwlovania is, vinc srulwlovani araa, srulwlovaneba ki aris asaki, romlis miRwevis Semdeg adamiani srulfasovani moqalaqe xdeba. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad, srulwlovania piri, romelmac miaRwia 18 wlis asaks. srulwlovanebasTan erTad moqalaqe xdeba qmedunariani, rac gulisxmobs, rom Tavisi nebiTa da moqmedebiT igi srulad axorcielebs sakuTar uflebebsa da movaleobebs. srulwlovanebis miRwevis Semdeg saqarTvelos moqalaqes SeuZlia arCevnebSi monawileobis miReba, marTvis mowmobis aReba, daqorwineba, iaraRis Senaxvisa da tarebis uflebis miReba, politikur saqmianobaSi Cabma da sxva. aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela skolas aqvs Sinaganawesi, romelic krZalavs skolis teritoriaze iaraRis tarebas da, miuxedavad asakisa da nebarTvisa, skolis teritoriaze iaraRiT Sesvla ar SeiZleba. aseTive akrZalvebi moqmedebs mTel rig saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSic, magaliTad sasamarTloSi. aseve, mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom saqorwino asakad dawesebulia 18 weli, Tumca garkveul SemTxvevebSi 16 wlis

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asakidan daqorwineba daiSveba mSoblebis an sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis winaswari werilobiTi TanxmobiT. Tumca, is, rom piri arasrulwlovania, ar niSnavs, rom kanoni ar icavs mis interesebsa da uflebebs da, aseve, sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi ar akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas. arasrulwlovani da samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsi mavne zegavlenis garda arasrulwlovani daculia mSobelTa mxridan uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebisagan. es ufleba mas garantirebuli aqvs saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT. arasrulwlovnis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis darRvevisas, maT Soris mSobelTa mier bavSvis aRzrdasTan, ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli movaleobebis Seusruleblobis an arasaTanadod Sesrulebisas, an mSoblis uflebis borotad gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, arasrulwlovans ufleba aqvs, damoukideblad mimarTos meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebs, 14 wlis asakidan ki _ sasamarTlos. nebismieri moqalaqe, romlisTvisac cnobili gaxda arasrulwlovnis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis darRvevis SemTxvevebi, valdebulia amis Sesaxeb Seatyobinos meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebs. meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebi, amgvari Setyobinebis miRebisTanave, valdebulni arian gaataron saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom mSoblebis uflebebi ar unda ganxorcieldes ise, rom amiT ziani miadges bavSvis interesebs. arasrulwlovnis uflebebi daculia administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsiTac. magaliTad, dauSvebelia arasrulwlovnisTvis avtomobilis gadacema, radgan aman SesaZloa seriozuli safrTxe Seuqmnas ara mxolod arasrulwlovans, aramed sxva moqalaqeebsac. kodeqsis Tanaxmad, kanondamrRvevs daekisreba administraciuli saxdeli. ganixile mocemuli SemTxvevebi da imsjele, vin aris momxdarSi damnaSave.

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15 wlis arasrulwlovanma gogonam mamis megobars axali jipis gasaRebi gamoarTva, manqanaSi musikas movusmeno. cota xnis Semdeg gogona ise moixibla axali avtomobiliT, rom gaseirneba gadawyvita. ezoSi aravin iyo. gogonam manqana daZra. manqana ukusvliT daiZra, dagorda, quCaSi gavida da moulodnelad trotuarze mimaval moxuc qalbatons daejaxa. qalbatoni waiqca da Tavi daartya. sxeulis mZime dazianebebiT moxuci qalbatoni saavamdyofoSi gadaiyvanes.

16 wlis g.s. saxlSi marto iyo. zafxuli iyo, Zalian cxeloda. biWma ezoSi mdgari mamis `kabrioletis~ gasaRebi daukiTxvad aiRo, megobar gogonebs gauara da qalaqgareT gaseirneba SesTavaza. gogonebs gauxardaT da siamovnebiT dasTanxmdnen. sul eqvsni iynen: g.s. da 5 arasruwlovani gogona. g.s. manqanas swrafad marTavda. magistralze saWe ver daimorCila, gzis savali nawilidan gadavida da did xes Seejaxa. eqvsivem sxeulis mZime dazianeba miiRo. g.s._s xerxemali dauzianda da aravin icis, rodis SeZlebs damoukideblad siaruls.

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bibliografia: 1. T. meifariani, l. miqiaSvili, z. miminoSvili - samoqalaqo ganaTleba; me-10kl. saqarTvelos macne. 2006w. 2. T. bregvaZe, i. petriaSvili - samoqalaqo aRzrda; me-10 kl. bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba. 2006w. 3. T. meifariani, l. miqiaSvili, m. gonaSvili da sxvebi - samoqalaqo ganaTleba; me-9kl. saqarTvelos macne. 2008w. 4. T. qaldani, g. gabrielaSvili, l.gigauri, n. talaxaZe, m. nacvalaZe - samoqalaqo ganaTleba; me-9kl. ekonomikuri ganaTlebisa da ganviTarebis centri. 2008w. 5. flauersi, nensi. kompasito: saxelmZRv. adamianis uflebaTa ganaTl. sferoSi bavSvebisaTvis/ red. da Tanaavt. nensi flauersi; saxelmZRv. momzadebaSi monawileobdnen: maria emilia brederode-santosi [da sxv.]; saboloo red. JuJana seleni; il. daiana negi; [mTarmgn.: Tamar miqaZe, ana gegeWkori; red. daviT gelaSvili] [Tb., 2009] 6. nino eremaSvili, maka feraZe, elguja makalaTia, giorgi gaxelaZe - samarTlebrivi kultura - saxelmZRvanelo me-9 klaselebisaTvis; proeqti harmonia.2009w. 7. rolf golobi, ted hudlestoni, piter krafi, don rouvi,uim taelmani - cxovreba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi - wigni III; maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri; 2009w. 8. giorgi gaxelaZe, zurab xrikaZe, giorgi SarabiZe - instruqcia skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisaTvis; gaero, cesko, esgSc, ssgrsc, 2010w.

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1991 wlidan igi ganaTlebis sistemaSi muSaobs, rogorc sajaro, ise akademiur da arasamTavrobo seqtorSi. 1992 wels daamTavra iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tsu fizikis fakulteti. misi saganmanaTleblo gamocdileba mravalferovania: maswavlebeli skolaSi, mozardTa saxlSi, saerTaSoriso proeqtebis erovnuli eqsperti, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtori, ganaTlebis mkvlevari da profesori, zrdasrulTa mwvrTneli rogorc ganaTlebis, ise garemosdacviT da jandacvis sferoSi, akreditaciis eqsperti da a. S. Tavad aqvs gavlili profesiuli ganviTarebis mravali programa saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT. igi aris erovnuli saswavlo gegmis samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagnobrivi programis avtori. amJamad igi maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnul centrSi samoqalaqo ganaTlebis konsultantia. imavdroulad, giorgi aris ilias saxelmwifo univeristetSi ganaTlebis mkvlevari asistent-profesoria. igi aswavlis momaval maswavleblebsa da ganaTlebis administratorebs. hyavs meuRle da sami Svili. el-fosta: ggakheladze@tpdc.ge an giorgi.gakheladze@iliauni.edu.ge telefoni: 577 646512