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I. GENERALIDADES
1.1. INTRODUCCION
El anlisis fluido-dinmico que se intenta describir el comportamiento de los
parmetros del fluido que viaja a travs de un conducto divergente-convergente,
dichos parmetros son: Temperatura del Fluido, Presin y Densidad. El Software
a utilizar el SolidWorks 2011, con su complemento SolidWorks Flow Simulation, el
cual se utilizar para la simulacin.
Pgina 1
CONDICONES INICIALES
Presin (Po)
1 MPa
Temperatura (To)
373 K
41.8 Kg/s
Rugosidad ()
1000 m
de
Entalpa y entropa
Igualmente importante para el modelo de Fanno es
la entropa (adimensionalizada en funcin del calor especfico (cp):
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
la
evolucin
de
Pgina 2
En efecto:
Dicha ecuacin se puede usar para trazar un diagrama que relaciona la entalpa y la
entropa, caracterstico para el flujo de Fanno. El flujo alcanza su mxima entropa a H =
0.833 con el flujo bloqueado. De acuerdo a la segunda ley de la termodinmica, la
entropa debe ser siempre creciendo, lo que demuestra que el flujo de Fanno tender
siempre hacia M=1, tanto si es supersnico como si es subsnico.
Dicha curva define los estados posibles para un gas variando el momentum. El cambio en
la cantidad de movimiento es causado por la friccin, que acelera o decelera el flujo
(segn sea subsnico o supersnico).
Relaciones adicionales
Como consecuencia de la definicin del modelo, el rea y gasto msico son constantes en
el flujo. Adems, al ser adiabtico, la temperatura de remanso se mantiene constante.
Se pueden desarrollar ecuaciones para desarrollar la evolucion de varis variables con
respecto a los valores crticos (M=1). A continuacin se muestran, usando el superndice *
para la garganta y dejando las variables sin ningn superndice.
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 3
Se pueden obtener asimismo relaciones entre dos puntos arbitrarios relacionando ambas con la
garganta.
3. Como S0 = Constante
4. Tomando la ecuacin:
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
donde:
( )
Pgina 4
Unit
Value
PG Static Pressure 1
PG Static Pressure 2
PG Static Pressure 3
PG Static Pressure 4
PG Static Pressure 5
PG Static Pressure 6
PG Static Pressure 7
PG Static Pressure 8
PG Static Pressure 9
PG Static Pressure 10
PG Static Pressure 11
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
13945490.97
14432316.89
14329019.86
13913692.89
12865062.61
10044037.78
8318488.319
6380519.504
2579738.8
1762670.276
1175505.546
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Averaged
Value
11989297.74
12407483.29
12318755.9
11961852.18
11060564.04
8635331.442
7142930.458
5495468.78
2218418.141
1518957.227
1012644.546
Minimum
Value
10208568.83
10564881.48
10489117.62
10185864.94
9418360.159
7353242.935
6084717.37
4690987.9
1889384.051
1297169.133
864737.6942
Maximum
Value
13945490.97
14432316.89
14329019.86
13913692.89
12865062.61
10044037.78
8318488.319
6380519.504
2579738.8
1762670.276
1175505.546
Pgina 5
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
-1E-11
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
TEMPERATURA
Goal Name
Unit
Value
PG Temperature (Fluid)
1
PG Temperature (Fluid)
2
PG Temperature (Fluid)
3
PG Temperature (Fluid)
4
PG Temperature (Fluid)
5
PG Temperature (Fluid)
6
PG Temperature (Fluid)
7
PG Temperature (Fluid)
8
PG Temperature (Fluid)
9
PG Temperature (Fluid)
10
PG Temperature (Fluid)
11
[K]
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
373.2
Averaged
Value
373.2
Minimum
Value
373.2
Maximum
Value
373.2
[K]
377.878398
377.8914655
377.878398
377.9042445
[K]
377.1663872
377.1734343
377.1663872
377.179425
[K]
374.1159535
374.1196115
374.1134387
374.1244819
[K]
366.3478595
366.3547312
366.3434828
366.3633899
[K]
341.6919371
341.7444073
341.6919371
341.7988308
[K]
324.4525967
324.4096275
324.3303475
324.5064674
[K]
302.672661
302.8754486
302.672661
302.9736241
[K]
242.9704332
242.9821759
242.9635556
242.9942335
[K]
224.1861829
224.3989717
224.1861829
224.6230053
[K]
209.7047331
209.868026
209.7047331
209.9602103
Pgina 6
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
0.2
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
Pgina 7
Unit
PG Density 1
Value
99.12046682
Averaged
Value
85.17727636
Minimum
Value
72.5425372
Maximum
Value
99.12046682
133.0212976
114.3546792
97.37475951
133.0212976
132.3199033
113.7542306
96.86001842
132.3199033
129.532165
111.3600925
94.82602944
129.532165
122.3080356
105.1507913
89.53836808
122.3080356
102.3665499
87.99582535
74.94005192
102.3665499
89.29302594
76.68437037
65.33213502
89.29302594
73.39820921
63.17601846
53.90798858
73.39820921
36.97403023
31.79384817
27.08042689
36.97403023
27.37267466
23.56692402
20.10451627
27.37267466
19.52252364
16.80529523
14.34388655
19.52252364
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 2
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 3
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 4
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 5
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 6
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 7
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 8
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 9
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 10
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 11
[kg/m^3]
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 8
Density (kg/m^3)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
0.2
0.4
0.6
Length (m)
0.8
1.2
VELOCIDAD
Goal Name
Unit
PG Velocity 1
PG Velocity 2
PG Velocity 3
PG Velocity 4
PG Velocity 5
PG Velocity 6
PG Velocity 7
PG Velocity 8
PG Velocity 9
PG Velocity 10
PG Velocity 11
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Value
154.894421
120.5335056
126.381831
148.8079316
194.5889179
296.0364233
349.9608228
407.8288813
535.2934954
569.5052936
594.5693657
Averaged
Value
154.894421
120.4232953
126.3251277
148.7826628
194.5532277
295.8579707
350.0849974
407.3251396
535.2711476
569.1288243
594.292562
Minimum
Value
154.894421
120.3154543
126.2768526
148.7499355
194.5082401
295.6750349
349.8056516
407.0784507
535.2483912
568.7322264
594.1360591
Maximum
Value
154.894421
120.5335056
126.381831
148.8242051
194.611714
296.0364233
350.3134912
407.8288813
535.3061065
569.5052936
594.5693657
Pgina 9
Velocity (m/s)
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
0.2
-100
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
Pgina 10
Goal Name
Unit
PG Mach Number 1
PG Mach Number 2
PG Mach Number 3
PG Mach Number 4
PG Mach Number 5
PG Mach Number 6
PG Mach Number 7
PG Mach Number 8
PG Mach Number 9
PG Mach Number 10
PG Mach Number 11
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Value
0.400510237
0.309756466
0.325089479
0.384314338
0.507772171
0.799604882
0.969768066
1.169925943
1.713364295
1.897897377
2.048619534
Averaged
Value
0.400510237
0.309467973
0.324940642
0.38424728
0.507674325
0.799061278
0.970175441
1.168097491
1.713250836
1.895740764
2.046869179
Minimum
Value
0.400510237
0.309185687
0.324813937
0.384160238
0.507551019
0.798501689
0.969257813
1.16721033
1.713135923
1.893472986
2.045880662
Maximum
Value
0.400510237
0.309756466
0.325089479
0.384357752
0.507834614
0.799604882
0.970925941
1.169925943
1.713426993
1.897897377
2.048619534
Pgina 11
Mach Number ( )
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.2
0.4
-0.5
0.6
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
GRAFICOS DE RESULTADOS
RELACION DE PRESIONES
P/P*
30
25
P/P*
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Distancia (m)
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 12
RELACION DE TEMPERATURAS
T/T*
1.4
1.2
T/T*
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.2
Distancia (m)
RELACION DE DENSIDADES
d/d*
25
20
d/d*
15
10
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.2
Distancia (m)
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 13
4.2. Anlisis para un nmero de Mach igual a 3, flujo supersnico que ingresa
al conducto con una velocidad igual a 1161.70816 m/s.
TABLAS, GRAFICOS Y ESQUEMAS
PRESION
Goal Name
Unit
Value
PG Static Pressure 1
PG Static Pressure 2
PG Static Pressure 3
PG Static Pressure 4
PG Static Pressure 5
PG Static Pressure 6
PG Static Pressure 7
PG Static Pressure 8
PG Static Pressure 9
PG Static Pressure 10
PG Static Pressure 11
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
[Pa]
2014030.085
2010794.174
2050890.807
2106999.113
5808127.153
11875697.04
7898590.186
7610863.223
3664836.516
2300587.935
1700523.233
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Averaged
Value
2014051.44
2010937.54
2051049.628
2116549.31
5696220.319
11328637.33
7622447.096
6874630.302
4298548.836
2279047.187
1839832.19
Minimum
Value
2014015.266
2010711.41
2050755.318
2106999.113
5596012.885
10147120.33
7453704.423
6127972.259
3664836.516
2246306.476
1689208.148
Maximum
Value
2014086.198
2011184.805
2051885.387
2125244.564
5808127.153
11900637.92
7898590.186
7610863.223
4814132.181
2305546.041
2040077.452
Pgina 14
Pressure (Pa)
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
-1E-11
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
DENSIDAD
Goal Name
Unit
PG Density 1
Value
18.66620383
Averaged
Value
18.66620383
Minimum
Value
18.66620383
Maximum
Value
18.66620383
18.65529431
18.6554089
18.6541784
18.65643489
18.89926247
18.90102373
18.89926247
18.90498341
19.31812113
19.35719546
19.31812113
19.39810706
38.9616981
38.71309275
38.52317468
38.9616981
63.18166937
60.23315389
55.09322686
63.18166937
47.12855546
45.91763009
45.22836389
47.12855546
47.8596735
44.89694915
41.68927011
47.8596735
31.44689529
34.26408372
31.44689529
36.12199659
20.59927022
20.4778132
20.35041176
20.60903191
15.7465017
16.84981066
15.7266846
18.05489888
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 2
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 3
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 4
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 5
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 6
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 7
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 8
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 9
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 10
[kg/m^3]
PG Density 11
[kg/m^3]
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 15
Density (kg/m^3)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
Pgina 16
TEMPERATURA
Goal Name
Unit
Value
373.2
Averaged
Value
373.2
Minimum
Value
373.2
Maximum
Value
373.2
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 1
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 2
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 3
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 4
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 5
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 6
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 7
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 8
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 9
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 10
PG Temperature
(Fluid) 11
[K]
[K]
373.8963002
373.920789
373.8963002
373.9499014
[K]
376.6342353
376.6281298
376.5978816
376.7020635
[K]
378.6228267
379.5515754
378.6228267
380.2921081
[K]
516.708013
510.0635393
502.9666668
516.708013
[K]
651.5485085
652.3370492
639.3148687
657.3355549
[K]
582.0483003
576.4431282
572.2533849
582.0483003
[K]
552.3857095
531.4342869
510.6629891
552.3857095
[K]
404.7192583
435.0018377
404.7192583
462.9355812
[K]
388.0190111
386.5513286
383.3929141
388.7071452
[K]
375.473708
379.2911932
369.7478803
392.8727313
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 17
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
VELOCIDAD
Goal Name
Unit
Value
PG Velocity 1
PG Velocity 2
PG Velocity 3
PG Velocity 4
PG Velocity 5
PG Velocity 6
PG Velocity 7
PG Velocity 8
PG Velocity 9
PG Velocity 10
PG Velocity 11
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
[m/s]
1161.70816
1161.3091
1159.043094
1157.333955
1027.592968
878.801259
959.5489935
991.4614836
1134.514405
1149.567558
1160.660637
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Averaged
Value
1161.70816
1161.287745
1159.048435
1156.514601
1034.264703
878.1059605
965.6953648
1013.14517
1106.829533
1150.838665
1157.273036
Minimum
Value
1161.70816
1161.262359
1158.983649
1155.861001
1027.592968
871.9954901
959.5489935
991.4614836
1080.862426
1148.954492
1145.300233
Maximum
Value
1161.70816
1161.3091
1159.074917
1157.333955
1041.330259
893.9692174
970.245556
1034.268018
1134.514405
1153.595761
1165.636385
Pgina 18
Velocity (m/s)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
0.2
-200
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
Pgina 19
MACH
Goal Name
Unit
Value
PG Mach Number 1
PG Mach Number 2
PG Mach Number 3
PG Mach Number 4
PG Mach Number 5
PG Mach Number 6
PG Mach Number 7
PG Mach Number 8
PG Mach Number 9
PG Mach Number 10
PG Mach Number 11
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
3.003826785
3.000038686
2.983457071
2.971539898
2.267887777
1.736951503
2.000176803
2.119107899
2.81921412
2.916164423
2.992166869
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Averaged
Value
3.003826785
2.999886724
2.983494811
2.965893369
2.296808103
1.734256241
2.022411101
2.206444104
2.657737716
2.925110483
2.969297283
Minimum
Value
3.003826785
2.999706083
2.983041662
2.961384209
2.267887777
1.715911564
2.000176803
2.119107899
2.51528928
2.912218695
2.887458195
Maximum
Value
3.003826785
3.000038686
2.983680717
2.971539898
2.328035542
1.782265475
2.039042216
2.295182866
2.81921412
2.943952807
3.027818024
Pgina 20
Mach Number ( )
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.2
Length (m)
GRAFICOS DE RESULTADOS
RELACION DE PRESIONES
P/P*
25
20
P/P*
15
10
5
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.2
Distancia (m)
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 21
RELACION DE TEMPERATURAS
T/T*
2.5
2
T/T*
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
0.8
1.2
Distancia (m)
RELACION DE DENSIDADES
d/d*
12
10
d/d*
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Distancia (m)
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 22
http://centrodeartigos.com/articulos-utiles/article_122568.html
http://fluidos.eia.edu.co/hidraulica/gases/flujodegases.html
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flujo_de_Fanno
http://operaciones1.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/flujo-compresible.pdf
http://es.scribd.com/doc/33179801/Flujo-Compresible-en-Tuberias
http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/An%C3%A1lisis-De-Flujo-Compresible-EnUn/5939022.html
http://es.scribd.com/doc/99444254/Analisis-de-Flujos-Compresibles-en-Conductos-ConFriccion-de-Seccion-Constante-y-Variable
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Pgina 23