CHAPTER 5: CHEMICAL BOND

CHEMICALBONDFormation ofcompoundIonic bondCovalent bondIonic compound andcovalent compound.1. What is the relation between valenceelectrons and the reaction of atoms ?2. Why atoms of group 18 are inertchemically?3. What is happening to the valenceelectrons of an atom before the reaction?1. What happen to the electrons of atomswhen the formation of bond occurs?2 .Define ionic bond.3. Named 3 ionic substances and thendraw electron arrangement diagram todescribe the formation of the substances.1. What happen to the electrons of atomswhen the formation of covalent bondoccurs?2. Define covalent bond.3. Named 3 covalent compound and thendraw electron arrangement diagram todescribe the formation of thosecompound.1. Compare the properties of ionic andcovalent substances.2. Give explanation:i) melting point of ionic compound ishigher then covalent compound.ii) Ionic compound are able toconduct electricity in smelting butcovalent compound are not.3. Why covalent compound always usedas solvent in industry?.5.15.25.35.4

2A.Fill in the blank.1.

Noble gases have stable o……..… or d……….... electron arrangements.2.

Atoms of other elements tend to achieve the stable e…………. arrangementthrough the formation of chemical bonds.3.

Chemical bonds are formed when two or more a………… of elements bondtogether.4.

Chemical bonds can be formed by the t……………. of electrons or s…………. of electrons.5.

When atoms join together by transferring of electrons, an i……… bond is formed.6.

A c…………. bond is formed when atoms are join together by sharing electrons.

Electron arrangement of neon atom = 2.8Electron arrangement of helium atom = 2Helium atom have been achieved the stableelectron arrangement (duplet)Neon atom have been achieved the stableelectron arrangement (octet)FORMATION OFCOMPOUNDWhy inert gases are stable?

Atom

of noble gas achieved the stable electron arrangement (dupletor octet). Therefore no need to donate, accept or sharing electronwith other atoms. Thus cannot react with other atoms.Why other atoms of otherelements are unstable?

The Atoms

are not achieved the stable electron arrangement (duplet or octet) .Therefore the atoms should donate, accept or share electron withother atomsto achieved stable electron arrangement and react to form ionicor covalentcompound.

T. 5.1

37.

In chemical reaction,Neutral donates electron Positive ionatom (C…..……)Metal atomNeutral accepts electron Negative ionAtom (A……….)Non-metal atom8.

Examples:(i)

Sodium

(Proton number =11)Electron arrangement : ……………….

donates one electronSodium atom, Na Sodium ion, Na

Charge of 11 protons = ………….. Charge of 11 protons = …………….Charge of 11 electrons = ………...... Charge of 10 electrons = …………….Total charge = ………….. Total charge = …………….