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Hydroxides (bases)
The term hydroxide is placed after the name of the metal involved with addition of the
valency state.
NaOH sodium hydroxide sodium lye, caustic soda solution
KOH potassium hydroxide potassium lye, caustic potash
Fe(OH)2 iron(II) hydroxide = ferrous hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 iron(III) hydroxide = ferric hydroxide
OXO ACIDS AND THEIR SALTS
- the basic element is in one oxidation state
The names of oxo acid derive from the name of the basic element with
the suffix - IC + the term ACID,
corresponding salts end in
the suffix - ATE + the name of the cation.
Acid Salt
H2CO3 carbonic acid Na2CO3 sodium carbonate
H3BO3 boric acid K3BO3 potassium borate
H2MoO4 molybdic acid (NH4)2MoO4 ammonium molybdate
- the basic element is in two oxidation states
The names of oxo acids derive from the name of the basic element with
the suffix -OUS for the lower oxidation state + the term ACID,
the suffix - IC for the higher oxidation state + the term ACID,
corresponding salts end in
the suffix - ITE for the lower oxidation state + the name of cation.
the suffix - ATE for the higher oxidation state + the name of cation.
The charge on the complex ion (cation or anion) is the algebraic sum of the charges on its
parts.
WRITING FORMULAS
At first symbol of cation is written then the central atom and ligands (in round brackets if it
is molecule or a group). The complex cation or anion must be in squared brackets.
Example:
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) (potassium ferricyanate)
K+ [Fe3+(CN)6]-3 K3 [Fe (CN)6]3
NAMING COMPOUNDS
Name the cation then name the ligand (the number specified by the Greek prefix) and
central atom (the oxidation number must be given by a Roman numeral in round brackets).
Example:
K2 [HgI4] potassium tetraiodomercurate(II)
[Cr(H2O)]Br3 hexaaquachromium(III) bromide