You are on page 1of 216

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.

org

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

oD[&wempmay
trSwf 100 ( D )? tif;vsm;vrf;?
urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/
zkef; - 502673

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ
odkYr[kwf
oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

jroef;wifh

2007 ckESpf Zlvkdifv

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

oD[&wempmtkyf - 127

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

pmrlciG jhf yKcsuftrSw f


rsufEmS zk;H cGijhf yKcsuftrSwf -

4005340507
4004740507

ykEH ydS rf w
S w
f rf;

yxrtBudrf
2001 ckESpf? pufwifbmv
(&mjynfph mtkyw
f u
dk )f
'kw,
d tBudrf
2007 ckESpf? Zlvkdifv
(oD[&wempmtkyw
f u
dk )f

tkyaf &

1000

xkwaf 0ol

OD;odr;f pk;d
(NrJ-03982)
oD[&wempmay
trSwf (100 - 'D)? tif;vsm;vrf;?
urm&GwNf rdKUe,f/

rsufEmS zk;H ESihf


twGi;f ykEH ydS f

a':cifat;jrifh
(&mjynfah tmhzq
f uf)
199? vrf; 50? ykZGefawmif

uGeyf sLwmpmpD

oD[&mwempmay

rsufEmS zk;H yef;csD

&Sdefjrifh

wefz;dk

1600

jroef;wifh (1929-1998)

NrdKifNrdKU wkdif;&if;jrefrmtxufwef;ausmif;ESifhyckuLNrdKU jrefrm-t*FvdyfAk'bmomtxuf


wef;ausmif;wkdYwGif ynmoifcJhonf/ yOrwef;(1941)? wuokdvf0ifpmar;yGJ(1947)? 1948 ckwGif
&efukefwuokdvfodkYa&mufonf/ 0dZmbGJY(1954)? Oya'bGJY (1956)&&SdcJhonf/
tm&Svil ,ftzG(YJ 1943)? zufqpfawmfveS af &; ajratmufvyI &f mS ;rI(1944-45)? rEav;c&kid f
txufjrefrmjynf zqyvtzGcYJ sKyfEiS jhf rif;jcHc&kid t
f vkyo
f rm;or*EiS v
hf ,form;or*ww
Ydk iG f tvkyf
trIaqmif(1945-47)? urmNh idr;f csrf;a&;uGe*f &uf(jrefrmEkid if )H tvkyt
f rIaqmif(1952)? jynfwiG ;f
Nidr;f csrf;a&;A[kad umfrwDtwGi;f a&;rSL;(1955)? jynfow
Yl ;dk wufa&;ygwDay:vpfAsL&kt
d zG0YJ if? jynf
wGi;f Nidr;f csrf;a&;tzG0YJ ifEiS jhf ynfoaYl umfrwD0if(1963)tjzpf yg0ifco
hJ nf/ pmayopfr*Zif;OD;aqmif
xkwfa0olwpfOD;(1950)? pmayr*Zif;wm0efcHt,f'Dwm? jynfawmfopf*sme,f t,f'DwmcsKyfESifh
wkd;wufa&;owif;pmEkdifiHjcm;a&;t,f'Dwm(1952)? pma&;q&mor*trIaqmif(1962)tjzpf
wm0ef,cl o
hJ nf/
1949 ck wm&mr*Zif;twGJ(3)? trSwf(21)wGif yg&Sdonfh]'kuonf}onf yxrykHESdyf0wKwkd
jzpfonf/ uavmiftrnfcGJ rsm;pGmokH; pmrsKd;pkHudk yifudk,fa&;? bmomjyef? trSD;ykHpHrsm;jzifh pm
tkyfaygif; 100 cefY jyKpkcJhonf/ xif&Sm;aom pmtkyftcsKdUrSm arwmtoacsF(1953)? vkdufcJhawmh
jreEm(1960)? "m;awmifudk ausmf rD;yifv,fudk jzwfrnf(1973)? uRefawmfquf a&;csifaom
0wKrsm;(1974)? arSmf&kHawmrSm armvSNyD(1978)? yg&DusqkH;cef;(1982)? 20 &mpkEkdifiH&yfjcm;uAsm
rsm;(1993) wkjYd zpfMuonf/ trsKdom;pmay bmomjyefq&k pmtkyrf sm;rSm ppfEiS Nhf idr;f csrf;a&;(1972)
av&l;okefokef(1978)? cef;aqmifeDtdyfruf(1988)? okcNrdKUawmf(1992)? tcspfrkd;aumif;uif
(1995)wkdYjzpfMuonf/ jroef;wifhuavmiftrnftjyif jroef;? armifopfwnf? apm,Grf;? xuf
atmif? ararvIdif? rif;eEm? &JatmifaZ? tkwfvSi,f? aZmwdu ponfwkdYudkvnf; tokH;jyKonf/
1998-ckESpf? azaz:0g&Dv 18 &ufwGif uG,fvGefonf/

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

yckuLc&dkif NrdKifNrdKUwGif tz OD;aygwifh? trd a':vIdifwkdYrS 1929 ck? ar 23 &uf Mumoyaw;


aeY arG;zGm;onf/ trnf&if;rSm OD;jroef;jzpfonf/

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

oD[&wempmayrS xkwfa0NyD;pmtkyfrsm;
100/ pma&;q&m (100)\ 20 &mpkjrefrm0wKwkd(100)
101/ okarmif\yDuif;rSay;pm (Pearl S.Buck-Letter From Bejing)
102/ armifrkd;ol\usm;ukwfusm;cJ (Ken Follett-EYE OF THE NEDDLE)
103/ *sme,fausmfrrav;\vufa&G;pif0wKwkdrsm;
104/ rif;vl\tojymvkvif
105/ cspfOD;ndK\rSL;rwfrsm;ESifhawGYqkHjcif;
106/ cifrsKd;cspf\pGefYcJh& uRefrb0yg&Sif (Carve her name with pride)
107/ armifrkd;ol\aMu;pm; (Wilbur Smith-The Dark of The Sun)
108/ armif0P\&ifawGckefaeonf
109/ jroef;wifh\q,fBudrfajrmuf tvnfa&mufjcif;
110/ armif0Ho\zlul,m;rm;? okd;rav;a':vD? tD'DtmrifESifhrsufarSmufurmha&;&mtjzmjzm
111/ armifrkd;ol\rmzD;,m;ESifhay:yDyef; (Rober-Wilder-Fruit of the poppy)
112/ cspfOD;ndK\avmu"HESifhvrf;avQmuftwlxGufjcif;
113/ *sme,fausmfrrav;\b0ykH&dyfrsm;
114/ armifay:xGef;\yifw*Gef (Juan Bosch-Pentagonism)
115/ armifrkd;ol\oufpGefYqHzsm; (Jack Higgins-Day of Judgment)
116/ pdk;odPf;\tvSnfhtajymif; (Sidney Sheldon-The Sands of Time)
117/ rif;ok0Pf\armifacG;zkdYuAsmaygif;csKyf
118/ armifrkd;ol\aoaeY (Sally-E.V Cunningham)
119/ cspfOD;ndK\&wem*D&dtusOf;om;
120/ ocifwifjr\bkHb0rSmjzifh xyfMuyfruGm
121/ aZmf*sD\*s&wfESifhrm;*&uf0wK (Charles Reade)
122/ nDykav;\ql;&pf? yk'krm? usm;vQm? xaemif;0wKwdkaygif;csKyf
123/ ausmfatmif\ol&Jaumif;wHqdyfeD (The Red Badge of Courage)
124/ armifodef;qkdif\a&eHYomcifcifBuD;
125/ *sme,fausmfrrav;\,Ofaus;rIc&D;onf
126/ rif;ok0Pf\uav;rsm;tzkdY ykHjyif0wKwkdrsm;
vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ odkYr[kwf oHvGif 'k|0wD a&TvD&kyfykHvTm
qufvufxw
k af 0rnfph mtkyf
128/ pkd;odPf;\tvSnfhtajymif; (The brotherhood of the rose)
129/ armifcifrif("EkjzL)\rdef;ra,musfm; xkdpum;
130/ wufwkd;\olwkdYtawG;tac: rSwfpkrsm;

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

rmwdum
tydik ;f (u)
vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ\ESif;,Gef;a[ref&ufrsm;(okdYr[kwf)oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm
1/ c&D;tp
1
2/ ndEIdif;wkdifyif
4
3/ erwlodkY
12
4/ jrLarSmifvTrf;aom erwl
24
5/ erfhyef,Gef;acsmif;ab;u xa&mfvD
28
6/ uAsmq&mrsm;
33
7/ abmfwGif;rS tar&dueforwa[mif;
40
8/ ae&pfawmh abmfwGif;
47
9/ tDplZl;bwfpfum;BuD;ay:rS q&mrav;
52
10/ pcef;om a[mf
57
11/ abmfBudKbk&m;\AdokumrI
63
12/ tcsrf;omqkH;apmfbGm;
66
13/ 0ifOwifyGKdif(odkYr[kwf)vm;&Id;
71
14/ vm;&Id;rS tJeef;rkdif;qkdif
77
15/ jrefrmhvrf;rBuD;ay:rS rmZ'g*spftjzLESifheef;vkHcrf;
81
16/ wdrfyifv,fESifhawmifxGwfuRef;
91
17/ ajrmifzDvm uEmpkHajcvrf;
95
18/ pdrfhBuD;NrdKifBuD;xJu wkef,ifaoma&
101
19/ *seef;(odkYr[kwf)*s&ef; (odkYr[kwf)Z,ef;
104
20/ ta&SUajrmufykdif;odkY
113
21/ uGefvkHrSm wpfncsrf;
120
22/ vm;&Id;odkY ,ckrSa&mufjcif;
128
23/ c&D;&SnfcsDwufyGJ
132
24/ rlq,fvm; rlp,fvm;
136
25/ yefcrf;wHwm;ESifhe,fjcm;rSwfwkdif
140
26/ tkd. . . ajrmufydkif;vrf;
147
27/ a&TvD&kyfykHvTm
151
28/ awmify0gyef;ESifhjrif;[DoH
153
29/ wpfzufu ormusrf;pm? wpfzufu cGJpdwf"m;
155
30/ erfhcrf; pmqkdawmf a[majymyGJ
161
31/ apmrGefvS\arG;&yfajr
163

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

32/ vGrf;a&TvD
33/ ae&pfawmh erfhcrf;
34/ ae&pfawmh uarmZ

169
173
175

tydik ;f (c)
xif;&SL;eHYoif;aom tpdrf;a&mifaEG&ufrsm;
xif;&SL;eHYoif;aom tpdrf;a&mifaEG&ufrsm;

180

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ\ESif;,Gef;a[ref&ufrsm;
(okdYr[kwf)
oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

tydkif;(u)

(1)
c&Dptp
]]...ESif;,Gef;cga[ref? avjyefoGif;vIHY nif;nHnH? wdrf,HuGefYqkdif;? tkd arQmfav
wkdif; rIdif;a0...}}
jrLjymjym ESif;jzLjzLESifhawmifckd;vJhvJhwkdY a0qkdif;aeonfh awmifwef;MuD;rsm;udk ikHY
Munfhrdonf/ tvIdif;vIdif;xaeonfh wdrfwkdufjzLjzLrsm;ay:wGif aea&mif0if;yaeonfh
wkdif wdrfy0gMum;rS vSpfceJ jrifvkduf&onfh &Srf;&kd;rawmifwef;MuD;rsm;ay:wGifrl aejcnf
rvif;? 0if;yjcif;r&Sd/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif aejcnfonf ajymufwdajymufusm; vif;ae
aomfvnf; ae&mrsm;pGmwGif jrLawGqkdif;vsuf? ESif;awGqkdif;vsuf? awmifckd;awG0dkif;vsuf?
tkd...arQmfavwkdif; rIdif;a0.../
1958ckESpf]]vkdufcJhawmh jreEm}}0wKudk a&;pOfu Zmwfvrf;ppcsif; av,mOfay:
rS jrif&aom &Srf;jynfe,f&Icif;udk uRefawmfa&;cJhzl;onf/ xkdpOfu &Srf;jynfe,fudk uRef
awmfra&mufzl;ao;/ tzsm;tem;avmufukdom a&mufzl;jcif;jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh &Srf;jynf
e,fESifhywfoufonfh rSwfwrf;rsm;? ajrykHrsm;? orkdif;pmwrf;rsm;? "gwfykHrsm;? yef;csDum;
rsm;udk Munfhum uRefawmfra&mufzl;ao;aom &Srf;jynfe,fudk pdwful;jzifh rSef;qMunfh&
onf/ a0'emjzifhcHpm; a&;jc,fjyvkdufonfhtcgwGif uRefawmfa&;vkdufaom &Srf;jynf
e,f\&Icif;onf vGrf;armzG,faumif;aeavonf/ a0zefa&;q&mwpfa,ufurl &Srf;
jynfe,fudk ra&mufzl;ao;bJESifh a&;onf[k uJh&JUoHvm;? csD;rGrf;oHvm; a0cGJr&Ekdifaom
avoHrsKd;ESifhqkdcJhzl;onf/
pma&;q&mwpfa,muf txl;ojzifh 0wKa&;q&mwpfa,muf\tvkyfonf t
csut
f vufEiS phf w
d u
f ;l pdwo
f ef;udk aygif;pyfay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ tcsut
f vufudk ,lonfh
tcgwGif udk,fawGUrS ,lonfvnf; &Sdonf/ udk,fhawGU,lr&onfhtcgwGif pmawGUrS,l
&onfvnf; &Sdonf/ b,fae&mu,l,l taMumif;r[kwf/ ta&;MuD;onfrSm olwifjy
onfhtcsuftvufonf rSef? rrSefqkdonfhtcsufom jzpfonf/
]]vkdufcJhawmhjreEm}}udka&;onfhtcgwGif uRefawmfonftcsuftvufrsm;udk pm
awGUrS,lonf/ wpfpGef;wpfpudk ukd,fawGUrS,lonf/ xkdYaemuf xdktcsuftvufrsm;ay:
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

wGifpdwful;ukd aygif;xnfhonf/ okdYjzifh ]]vkdufcJhawmhjreEm}}onf tawmftwef jynfhpkH


aom xdkacwf&Srf;jynf\yef;csDum;wpfcsyf jzpfvmonf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/
xkdYaemufwGif uRefawmfonf &Srf;jynfe,fodkY rMumcP a&mufonf/ a&mufwkdif;
av,mOfay:rS atmufokdY ikHYMunfhrdonf/ jrLaiGUjymjym? awm&dyfpdrf;pdrf;? ajreD&J&J? awmif
wef;ndKndK? aeMumyGifh0g0gwkdYudk jrif&wwfonf/ ]]vkdufcJhawmh jreEm}}wGif uRefawmfa&;
cJhonfh &Icif;onf wu,f&Icif;ESifhbmrQruGmvS/
onfwpfacgufwGifvnf; av,mOfjywif;rSae &Srf;jynfe,f&Icif;udk uRefawmf
Munfrh jd yefonf/ Munf&h if; jyifpnfrif;om;\ESi;f ,Ge;f cga[ref,;dk ',m;ukd ajy; trSwf
&onf/ olu]]tkd...arQmfavwkdif; rIdif;a0...}}wJh/
arQmfavwkdif;wGif rIdif;aeonfqkdonfrSm rSefygonf/ &Srf;jynfe,f&Icif;onf ESif;
awG? jrLawG? awmifckd;awGjzifh rIdif;aeygonf/ odkY&mwGif ESif;wkdY r,Gef;Muao;/ ESif;,Gef;
a[ref[k rajymEkdifao;/ okdYwkdif jyifpnfrif;om;\tvuFmonf uRefawmfhESvkH;om;xJ
wGif pGaJ ejy/D jrLESi;f awG a0aeonfah qmif;udk jrifvu
dk Ef iS ]hf ]ESi;f ,Ge;f a[ref}}qko
d nfh pum;
vkH;onf uRefawmhf&ifxJwGif tvkdvkd ay:vmwwfonf/
&Srf;jynfe,fodkY uRefawmfwkdYa&mufonfhtcsdefrSm 'DZifbmv wwd,ydkif; &Srf;jynf
e,fwGif jrLESif;awGa0 aumif;wkef;/ tat;"gwfu rif;rlaumif;wkef;/ &moDOwk
tjyif;xefq;Hk umvjzpfonf/ ,cif uReaf wmfa&mufczhJ ;l onfu &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyidk ;f /
,ck uRefawmf oGm;&rnfhc&D;u &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;/ wpfcgrQ ra&mufzl;ao;onfh
t&yf/
vm;&Id;jrdKU pmayjrwfEkd;olrsm;tzGJU Ou|q&m0efMuD;(OD;)uarmZcifvIdifu uRef
awmhu
f kd zdwaf eonfrmS MumvSjy/D pmqkad wmf a[majymyGrJ sm;odYk vm&efvnf; zdwzf ;l onf/
tvnftywfvm&efvnf; zdwfzl;onf/ uarmZcifvIdifonf olwkdY&Srf;jynfe,fajrmuf
ydkif;odkY pma&;q&mawG vmapcsifykH&onf/ ajrmufykdif;&Srf;jynfe,ftaMumif;udk pma&;
q&mawG avhvmapcsifykH&onf/ odkY&mwGif taMumif;aMumif;aMumifh uRefawmf roGm;
jzpfcJh/ onfESpfwGifrl uarmZcifvIdifonf ZlvIdifvuwnf;u uRefawmfwkdYudk zdwfxm;
onf/ uRefawmfuvnf; oGm;jzpfatmif oGm;rnfpdwful;&Sdonf/
]]uarmZcifvIdif}}[laomtrnfudk Mum;&pOfu uavmifemrnfwpfck[k &kwfw
&ufxifvkdufrdonf/ jyefpOf;pm;Munfhawmh uavmifemrnfoufouf r[kwf/ ausmif;
rSmwkef;u uRefawmfMum;zl;onfhtrnfwpfckjzpfaMumif; a&;a&;rSwfrdonf/ uarZcif
oD[&wempmay

vIdifESifhuRefawmfonf ppfjyD;p &efukefwuodkvfodkY ra&S;raESmif; a&mufvmMuolrsm;


jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif vlcsif; rawGUzl;Mu/ olu vrf;rawmf aq;wuokdvfrSm/ uRefawmfu
,k'oefaumvdyfbuf Ow&(a&Tbkd)aqmifrSm/ onfwkef;u olonf q&m0efrjzpfao;/
pmawG bmawGudkvnf; ra&;ao;/ onfuwnf;u olUtrnfu uarmZcifvIdif/
q&m0efMu;D jzpfvmonft
h cgwGiv
f nf; olonf uarmZukd rjzKw/f pmawGbmawG
a&; uavmifemrnfudk ,lonfhtcgwGifvnf; uarmZukdrz,f/ olUtrnfudkajym&
vQif q&m0efuarmZcifvidI ?f a'gufwmuarmZcifvidI [
f k ajymwwfonf/ uarmZOD;cif
vIdif[k qkdvQif olMudKufykHr&/ odkYjzifh uarmZcifvIdif[laom trnfonf trnf&if;jzpf
vmcJ[
h efwo
l nf/ uavmiftrnfvnf; r[kw?f pma&;q&mtrnfvnf; r[kwb
f J ud,
k hf
jrdKU udk,fhZmwdudk emrnf&if;xJwGif xnfh rSnfholqkd jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uRefawmfodo
avmuf ESpfa,mufom ay:zl;ao;onf/ wpfa,mufu t*Fvdyfacwfu EkdifiHa&;acgif;
aqmifwpfOD;jzpfcJhaom OD;om,m0wDarmifarmif? aemufwpfOD;u uarmZcifvIdif/
vm&I;d rStjyef ausmufro
J Ykd cP0ifpOf touf70-ausmt
f &G,f olUrdcifMu;D udk uRef
awmfwdkY 0ifEIwfqufMuonf/]]tarhom;u bmjzpfvkdY uarmZcifvdIifvkdY bmvkdYrSnfh&
wmwJhvJ}}[k uRefawmfu ar;Munfhonf/
]]odygbl;uG,f? tarrSnfhwkef;uawmh]uarmZ}rygygbl;/ 'gayr,fh ausmif;a&muf
awmh olUbmomol ]uarmZcifvdIif}vkdYajymif;wmygyJ/ wpfcsufu ol[m uarmZwkdif;
om;wJh/ ausmufrJom;ppfppfuG,fh? aemufwpfcsufu olUtazu uarmZtvkyf&kHqkdjyD;
zGifhxm;w,f/ ckawmh om;i,f armifausmfpdefu OD;pD;vkyfaew,f/ 'gaMumifh uarmZ
cifvIdifqkdwJh emrnfudk,lw,fxifyg&JU/ ckawmh uarmZqkdwJhemrnfeJYcifvIdifqkdwJhemrnf
[m cGJr&awmhbl;? trnf&if;jzpfoGm;jyD}}
uarmZcifvIdif\taru uRefawmfhukd ajymjyonf/
[kwfonf/ uarmZESifhcifvdIifonf cGJr&awmh/ trnfemr t&mwGifom cGJr&
onfr[kw/f wu,fb
h 0wGiv
f nf; uarmZESichf ifviId o
f nf cGrJ &awmh/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmuf
ykdif;rS wkdif;&if;om;rsm;\bufaygif;pkH wkd;wufzGHUjzdK;a&;wGif olonf r@KdifMuD;wpf&yf
jzpfaejy/D
aumufcsuu
f kd uReaf wmft&rf;qGjJ cif; r[kwyf g/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f wpfciG f
wGif jyJjyJpifatmif c&D;oGm;cJhum vlwef;pm;aygif;pkH tvTmaygif;pkHwkdY\xifjrifcsufudk
Mum;emjyD;aemufrS pum;ukd ajymjcif;jzpfygonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

(2)
n d E I d i f ; wk d i f y if
&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;odkY oGm;rnfqkdonfhtcgwGif vkdtyfonfhaq;0g;? taEG;
xnfponfwkdYudk pkaqmif;&\/ uRefawmfwkdYoGm;onfh &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif &moD
Owktjyif;xefqkH;tcsdef jzpfonf/ oGm;&rnfc&D;uvnf; c&D;&SnfMuD;jzpfonf/ uarmZ
cifvIdifonf &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif uRefawmfwkdYwawG oGm;oifh? oGm;Ekdifaomae
&mrSeforQudk ykdYay;&ef tpDtpOfawG qGJjyD; uRefawmfwkdYxH ydkYvkdufavonf/ xdkrQru
uRefawmfhudkrl wwfEkdifvQif wpfvwefonf? ESpfvwefonfae&pfcJh&ef taMumif;Mum;
vku
d af o;onf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf uarmZcifvIdif\ukd,fpm; pDpOfay;ol &efukefwGif &Sdonfh ukdvS
jrdKif(vkyfom;aeYpOf t,f'DwmcsKyf)ESifhtpDtpOfawG ndEIdif;Mu&onf/ olwkdY vkdcsifonfh
&ufudk uRefawmfwkdY ray;Ekdif/ xkd&ufrsm;wGif uRefawmfwkdY &efukefrSmr&Sd/ pmqkdawmfc&D;
awG xGufaeMu&onf/ xkdYaMumifh vm;&Id;ESifhuRefawmfwkdY tjyefjyeftvSefvSef &ufawG
vSrf;nd&onf/ aemufqkH;wGif vm;&Id;u uRefawmfwkdY vmEkdifrnfh&ufudk aemufqkwf
a&TUay;onf/ od&Yk mwGif tem;uyfawmh uReaf wmfwaYdk y;onfh &ufwiG f vm;&I;d okaYd v,mOf
r&Sd/ xkdYaMumifh vm;&Id;u uRefawmhfxH av,mOfysH&Sdrnfh tapmqkH;&ufwGif MudKxGuf
vm&ef taMumif;jyefonf/ wGif uRefawmfwkdYwawG wjcm;tpDtpOfawGESifh nd&jyef
onf/ vm;&Id;rwkdifcif vufcHxm;jyD;jzpfaom pmqkdawmfyGJrsm;udk apmapmMudKjyD;atmif
vkyfay;&ef oufqkdif&mjrdKUe,frsm;ESifhvSrf;nd&onf/ vm;&Id;rStjyef aemufusrnfjzpfo
jzifh tcsKdUyGJrsm;udk aemufqkwfay;&efvnf; qkdif&mjrdKUe,frsm;ESifh vSrf;nd&jyefonf/ odkYu
vkd tjyeftvSef ndEIdif;jyD;rS vm;&Id;ESifh uRefawmfwkdY &ufowfrSwfMuonf/
uRefawmfwkdYqkdonfrSm vm;&Id;ESifh&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; pmqkdawmfc&D;onfrsm;
jzpfMuonfh uRefawmf? atmifoif;? cspfOD;ndKESifhumwGef;ajrZmwkdY jzpfMuygonf/
rlvu 'DZifbmv 21-&ufaeYwGif &efukefrSxGuf&efjzpfaomfvnf; xkdaeYwGif av
,mOfr&Sdojzifh uRefawmfwkdYonf wpf&ufapm vm;&Id;okdY xGufcJhMuonf/
&efukefavqdyfrS reuf 7-em&DcGJxGufonfhav,mOfonf rEav;csrf;jrompnf
avqdyfodkY 9-em&DcGJwGif a&mufavonf/ csrf;jrompnfavqdyfwGif aea&mif0if;yvsuf
&Sdaomfvnf; &efukefESifhrwlawmh/ aea&mifpl;pl;xJrSmyif at;pdrfhpdrfhjzpfaeonf/ av
oD[&wempmay

,mOfonf rEav;wGif em&D0ufomomcefY ukefwifukefcsrI? vlwifvlcs vkyfjyD;aemuf


vm;&Id;bufokdY OD;wnfysHoef;vmcJhavonf/ &efukefrS vm;&Id;c&D;pOfwpfavQmufvkH;wGif
bDatpDonf aumfzcD yfnn
hH w
hH pfcu
G Ef iS o
hf Mum;vk;H ok;H av;vk;H avmufuo
dk m ay;ygonf/
olUc&D;pOfESifhxkdufwefonfh tpm;taomufudk auR;jcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmhfbm
omawG;,lyg\/ okdY&mwGif aumfzDukd puLcGufta[mif;ESifhwkdufjcif;rSmum; vljrif r
aumif;vSyg/ aumfzDxnfhvmonfh puLcGufta[mif;rsm;rSm ta&miftqif;yif ray:
awmh/ 0gMuefYnpfxyfaeMuavjyD/ puLcGuftay:u yef;yGifhyef;cGuf yef;EG,fuav;rsm;
uvnf; yDyo
D or&SMd uawmh/ pGe;f xif;ukeMf ujy/D cGuEf w
I cf rf;rsm;uvnf; pkwo
f nfah e&m
u pkwfaeMujyD/
av,mOfr,frsm;u ,Ofaus;Muyg\/ c&D;onfrsm;tm; vkdtyfonfhtultnDrsm;ukd
vma&mufawmif;EkdifaMumif;jzifh aMunmoGm;&m xkdpum;rsKd;udk yxrqkH;tBudrf bDatpDav
,mOfay:wGif Mum;&jcif;jzpfojzifh om"kac:&ygonf/ ]]acs;qkwifygw,f&Sif}}[laom bkdoH
jzifh ajymonfhjrefrmpum;oHum; raysmufao;yg/
rEav;avqdyrf S xGu
f rMumrD awmawmifBuD;rsm;? pdr*hf Ekid Bf uD;rsm;udk av,mOfay:
rS jrif&avonf/ wu,fhpdrfhBuD;*EkdifBuD;rsm; jzpfyg\/ wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif awmifwef;BuD;
rsm;udk wdrfwkdufBuD;rsm;u ayGYzufxm;Mu\/ wdrfwkdufBuD;rsm;[kom qkdvkduf&aomfvnf;
ESif;vm;? wdrfvm;? jrLvm;qkdonfudk aumif;aumif; cGJjcm; r&Ekdifyg/ xkdESif;? xdkjrL? xdkwdrf
wkdYonf awmifwef;rsm;? awmNrdKifrsm;udk zkH;tkyfxm;jcif;vnf; r[kwf/ o&zlozG,f aqmif;
xm;jcif;vnf; r[kwf/ wcsKdUwdrf? wcsKdUjrL? wcsKdUESif;wkdYu awmifwef;BuD;rsm;\cg;v,fudk
&pfypfxm;Muonf/ wcsKdUu pdrNhf rdKifw\
Ydk &ifciG w
f iG f acgif;a0S
Y 0ifaeMuonf/ wcsKdUu awm
awmifpkHNrdKifwkdY ajc&if;wGif 0yfpif;aeMuonf/ wcsKdUu rwfapmufaom fawmifeH&H\yg;jyif
wGif yGwfoyfaeMuonf/ onfrQvS onfrQqef;Mu,faom &Icif;rsKd;? tvSrsKd;udk b,fyef;csD
ausmfrQ qGJEkdifrnfrxifyg/
pdrfhNrdKifBuD;awGESifh eufarSmifaeonfhawmifwef;rsm;udk vGefaomtcg opfyif0g;yif[l
bmrQr&S/d yuwdajcmufaoGo
Y a,mifaeaom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;udk jrif&jyefonf/ awmif
wef;BuD;rsm;onf 0yfaeaomqiftyk Bf uD;wpftyk \
f ausmuke;f BuD;rsm;vkd ck;H ck;H BuD;awG jzpfae
Muonf/ uRefawmfwkdY jrifzl;aom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;rSm awmtkyfawG? pdrfh*EkdifBuD;awGjzifh
eufarSmifaom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;jzpf&m awmifuwk;H awG jzpfaeMuaom awmifc;Hk ck;H BuD;rsm;
udk jrif&aomtcgwGif txl;tqef; jzpfaeMuonf/ xkdawmifuwkH; awmifwef;BuD;rsm;udk
vGefonfhtcgwGif av,mOfonf nmbufodkYcsKd;auGYcsvkdufonf/ awmifwef;awG awmawG
Mum;rS ajruGuef eD rD sm;udk jrifvu
dk &f onf/ awmawmifawGukd vGeNf yD; vl&Y yfv&Yl mG ESiehf ;D vmonfh
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

txdrf;trSwfjzpfavonf/ wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif tdrfpkuav;rsm;udk awGYvkduf&onf/ wcsKdU


ae&mrsm;wGif acsmif;uav;rsm;udk jrifvkduf&onf/ wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif pdkufcif;ysKd;cif;rsm;
udk jrifvkduf&onf/
cPMumvQif av,mOfonf vm;&Id;av,mOfuGif;odkY qkdufavonf/
vm;&Id;um; aea&mifESifhESif;jrLawGMum;xJwGif ykef;aeqJjzpfavonf/ av,mOfavS
um;ajc&if;wGif uRefawmfwkdYudk warQmfarQmfESifhBudKaeMuonfhq&m0efBuD;uarmZcifvIdifudk
jywif;aygufrS vSrf;jrifvkduf&onf/ uRefawmfwkdY vlokdufu aemufqkH;rS qif;ojzifh uarmZ
cifvIdifESifhwuG BudKqkdolrsm;\rsufESmrsm;ay:wGif pdk;&drfonfhtrlt&mudk jrifae&onf/
]]q&ma& uRefawmfwkdYudk rawGYvkdY q&m0efBuD; warQmfarQmfjzpfaew,f}}[k a&SUqkH;wGif
a&mufaeonfh umwGef;ajrZmu uRefawmfhudk vSrf;ajymvkdufonf/
uarmZcifvIdifudk vludk,fwkdif uRefawmf wpfcgrQ rjrifzl;yg/ "mwfykHrsm;xJwGifom jrif
cJhzl;ygonf/ "mwfykHrsm;xJwGif rjrifzl;vQifvnf; ta&;rBuD;yg/ vmBudKolrsm;xJwGif rnfol
onf uarmZcifvIdifjzpfrnfudk uRefawmfwkdY tvG,fwul cefYrSef;Ekdifrnfom jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYudk av,mOfavSum;&if;rS vma&mufBudKaeolrsm;xJwGif &Syftus vuf
&SnftjzL? orifa&mifukwftus? orifa&mif abmif;bD&Snf? orifa&mif vnfpnf;tusm;wkdY
udk 0wfqifxm;onfht&yfaxmifaxmifarmif;armif; vlwpfa,mufudk vSrf;jrifvkdufonfESifh
q&m0efBuD;uarmZcifvIdifrSef; uRefawmfwkdY odvkdufMuygonf/ orifa&mif0wfpkHxJrS BuD;cdkif
zswfvwfaom cEmudk,fESifhjyKH;&TifoGufvufaaom rsufESmtrlt&mwkdYonf q&m0efBuD;wpf
OD;\[eftjynfh aygufaeonf/ olYrsufESmtrlt&monf vlemckwifem; oGm;&yfvQif vlem
awG tm;&SdrnfhrsufESmrsKd;jzpfygonf/ xkdtrlt&mrsKd;udk t*FvdyfwkdYu ]ckwifab; trlt&m}
[k ac:Muygonf/
q&m0efBuD;uarmZcifvidI u
f m; ]ckwifab; trlt&m}[k t*Fvyd w
f aYdk c:Muaom xkt
d
rlt&mrsKd;&SdoljzpfonfhtwGuf olYudk jrifvkduf&kHjzifh q&m0efrSef;tvG,fwul odEkdifonfhOy"d
&kyfrsKd;&Sdoljzpfavonf/ &Srf;trsKd;om;jzpfaomfvnf; tom;cyfndKnKdjzpfojzifh &kwfw&uf
MunfhvQif &Srf;trsKd;om;[k ajym&ef cufygonf/
uarmZcifvidI u
f olEiS t
hf wlygvmonf{h nfBh udKqko
d rl sm;ukd uRefawmfwEYdk iS rhf w
d q
f ufay;
\/ wpfa,mufrSm tNidrf;pm;&Jt&m&SdOD;bykjzpf pmqkdawmfaeY usif;ya&;aumfrwDOu|
jzpfavonf/ OD;bykum; jrefrmtrsKd;om;jzpf tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;aemuf vm;&Id;wGif tajccs
aeoljzpfonf/
oD[&wempmay

aemufwpfa,mufrmS abmfwiG ;f rS 'k-rkid ;f csKyf OD;nDjzpfonf/ OD;nDonf e,l;ZDvefwu


okv
d w
f pfcrk S owKwl;azmfa&; tif*sife,
D mbGw
YJ pfcu
k kd ,lvmNyD;aemuf tvkyo
f 0Ykd ifuwnf;u
erwal bmfwiG ;f wGif trIxrf;vmcJo
h jl zpfojzifh olvnf; erwo
l m;wpfyikd ;f jzpfaeygNyD/ aemuf
wpfa,mufrSm q&mrBuD; a':arNzdK;jzpfavonf/ a':arNzdK;um; &kyfudk Munfhvkduf&kHjzihf &Srf;
trsKd;orD;jzpfaMumif; odomEkdifavonf/ pum;ajymawmhvnf; &Srf;oH0Jaeonf/ ,cifu
omoemjyKausmif;wpfausmif;wGif ausmif;q&mrvkyfcJhNyD;aemuf ,cktcsdefwGif erwlowK
wl;azmfa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;wGif trIxrf;vsuf &Sd\/
uarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdYukd vma&mufBudKqkdolrsm;ESifhrdwfqufay;NyD;aemuf
wkdif;aq;&kHBuD;&Sd olY&kH;cef;odkY ac:oGm;avonf/
us,fjyefYonfholY&kH;cef;BuD;xJwGif tem;,laeMupOf uarmZcifvIdifonf &Srf;jynfe,f
ajrmufydkif; ajrykHBuD;wpfcsyfudk jzefYum ol qGJxm;onfhc&D;pOfrsm;udk &Sif;jyonf/
]]q&mwkdYudk uRefawmf ESHYatmif ydkYcsifw,f/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;u&SdwJhNrdKUwkdif;rSm
pmqkdawmf txdrf;trSwfyGJawG usif;ycsifw,f/ q&mwkdY aeEkdifyghrvm;}}
uarmZcifvidI o
f nf t&Te;f tjyufpum;awG ajymae&mu Mum;jzwfNyD; uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd
ar;aeonf/
]]aeEkid yf gw,f? uRefawmfwYdk tpDtpOftwkid ;f aygh/ ajrmufyikd ;f rSm 12 &ufawmifMumrSm
yJ/ q&m ydkYcsifwJhqD ydkYaygh? Zefe0g&Dv vqef; 2 &uf &efukefjyefa&muf&if NyD;wmyJ}}
t&Tef;tjyufawG ajymaeonfh uarmZcifvIdif\rsufESmonf wnfoGm;\/
]]'DavmufeJYawmh rvkHavmufbl;q&m? uRefawmfu q&mwkdYudk pkHatmif ydkYcsifw,f/
tenf;qkH; ESpfywfavmufawmh ay;yg}}
uRefawmfwkdYu ajrmufydkif;wGif &ufowESpfywfMumatmif raeEkdif/ udk,fa&;ukd,fwm
udpawG wef;vef;usef&pfcJhMuonf/ Ekd0ifbmvukefavmufwnf;u uRefawmfwkdYwawG tdrf
udk ruyfcJhMu/ oGm;vdkuf? jyefvkdufjzifh c&D;ESifaeMuonfrSm awmfawmfMumvSNyD/ pma&;p&m
awG wef;vef;ESifh xm;ypfcJhMu&onf/ udk,fa&;udk,fwmudpawGudk cPab;z,fEkdifonfxm;?
csdef;xm;onfh pmqkdawmf a[majymyGJawG usefao;onf/ rkd;ndKudk Zefe0g&Dv 5 &ufaeYwGif
csdef;xm;cJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh xkd&ufrwkdifrD &efukefjyefa&mufrS jzpfrnf/ csdef;xm;onfh&ufudk
rzsufcsif/
]]rk;d ndKqkw
d m &efuek ef t
YJ eD;uav;yg q&m&,f? b,ftcsdef aumufvyk v
f yk jf zpfygw,f/
uRefawmfwkdYqDrSmu c&D;vrf;yef;uvJ cufcJygw,f/ q&mwkdYvJ a&mufcJygw,f/ ck vSrf;zsuf
r,fqkd&if &ufawG trsm;BuD; usefao;wmrkdY olwkdYrSmvJ bmrS uoDuvifw rjzpfEkdifygbl;/
'Dawmh uRefawmfwkdY e,fpGefe,fzsm;a'oawGudk OD;pm;ay;apcsifygw,f/ q&mwkdYoabmawGY
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

r,fqkd&if &ufa&TUwJhowif;udk uRefawmf rkd;ndKa&mufatmif ydkYay;yghr,f/ uRefawmhq&m0ef


wpfa,muf 'DaeY &efukef oGm;r,f/ oleJYtwl uRefawmf pma&;vkdufr,f/ [dk &efukefuwpfqifh
rkd;ndKudk w,fvDzkef;eJY taMumif;Mum;ay;r,f/ 'grSr[kwfao;&if vkyfom;u OD;vSNrdKifqDudk
wkduf&kduf w,fvDzkef;qufr,f/ OD;vSNrdKifu rkd;ndKudk taMumif;Mum;ay;r,f/ aocsmatmif
ESpfenf;vkH; vkyfr,f/ b,fhES,fvJ}}
]]q&mhqDrSm uRefawmfwkdYu b,faeYtxd ae&rSmvJ}}
]]Zefe0g&Dv 7 &ufaeY reufudk &efukefta&muf ydkYay;r,fq&m? 'Dawmh q&mwkdY em;NyD;
aemufwpfaeY rkd;ndK xGuf? rkd;ndKudk 8 &ufeJY 9 &ufcsdef;aygh? r[kwfbl;vm;}}
uRefawmfwkdY av;a,mufpvkH; awGoGm;Muonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; e,fpGefe,f
zsm; a&mufco
J nfah 'ojzpfonf/ awmfawmfEiS ahf &mufzYdk rvG,/f xkaYd Mumifh uRefawmfwu
Ydk vnf;
a&mufwkef;a&mufckdufwGif oGm;EkdiforQ pkHatmif oGm;vkdufcsifonf/ uarmZcifvIdifuvnf;
ydaYk y;csifaeonf/
]][kwfNyDav? 'Dvkdqkd&if q&majymwJh&uftwkdif; uRefawmfwkdY aer,f/ q&mwkdY &ufa&TU
wJhowif;udkom rkd;ndKudk a&mufatmif ydkYay;yg}}
odkYjzifh uRefawmfwkdYESifh vm;&Id;onf ESpfzufoabmwlnDcsuf &oGm;Muonf/
]]yxrOD;qkH; tpDtpOfuawmh q&mwkdY abmfwGif;eJYerwludk 'DaeYoGm;&r,f/ OD;nDeJY
q&mrBuD;u q&mwkdYudk vmac:wmyJ/ erwleJYabmfwGif;NyD;&if ausmufrJ? oDaygwkdYbuf jyef
qif;r,f/ NyD;awmh vm;&I;d rSm vkyrf ,f/ uJ. . . aumif;rav;awG q&mwku
Yd kd xrif;auR;&atmif
a[h}}
uarmZcifvIdifonf pum;rqkH;rD xkdif&mrS xNyD;jzpfavonf/ olY&kH;cef;xJrS xGufum
uRefawmfwkdYudk wpfxyfwkduf taqmufttkHuav;wpfckqDodkY ac:oGm;avonf/
]]'g vm;&Id;jyefa&muf&if q&mwkdYwnf;&r,fha*[myJ/ [kdwkef;uawmh uRefawmhftdrfu
vGwfaeawmh tJ'DrSmyJ xm;w,f/ q&mwkdY vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aeEkdifatmif pDpOfxm;wmyg/
BudKufovkd aeEkdifygw,f}}
a*[m xrif;pm;cef;xJ&Sd xrif;pm;pm;yGJ&SnfBuD;ay:wGif jzLazG;aeonfhpm;yGJcif;udk
xif;xm;onf/ tv,fwGif yef;pkduftkd;ESifh/ yef;uefcGufa,mufrsm;? ZGef;cuf&if;rsm;? vuf
okwfy0grsm;u olYae&mESifhol/
uRefawmfwkdYxkdifNyD; rMumrD taiGYwaxmif;axmif; xaeonfh[if;cGufrsm;udk Aef;wGif
xnfv
h suf rde;f uav; ok;H a,muf 0ifvmavonf/ uRefawmfwt
Ydk m;vk;H olwu
Ydk kd owdrjyKrdbJ
oD[&wempmay

raeEkdifMuyg/ wpfa,mufwpfrsKd;pD Munfhaumif;aom oli,frrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ wpf


a,mufu rsufckH;xlxl? tom;vwfvwf? ar;oG,foG,f? aemufwpfa,mufu tom;jzLjzL
rsufvkH;rsufzef vSvS? aemufwpfa,mufu vnfwkdifausmhausmh acgif;uav;armhvsuf/
wpfa,mufEiS w
hf pfa,muf rsufEmS usykjH cif; rwlMuaomfvnf; olwo
Ydk ;Hk a,mufpvk;H wGif
wlnDcsuf awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdaeonfudk uRefawmfwkdY owdxm;vkdufrdMuonf/ olwkdYtm;vkH;
udk,fae[efxm; wifhw,fajyjypfMuonf/ t&yftarmif; oG,foG,fEGJYEGJY? oGm;vmjyKrl[efu
vnf; ,Of,Ofaus;aus; odro
f rd af rGaY rG?Y {nfonfah wGa&SUrSmrkYd &I;d wk;d &Sew
Yf efjY zpf[efvnf; r&S/d
&Jwif;ykv
H nf; raqmif/ jyKH;csKdaeatmif rsufEmS udk wrifvyk x
f m;ykv
H nf; r&/ wrifa`Evyk f
xm;[ef ray:/ wnfMunfodrfarGYonfhe*kd[eftjynfh &SdMuygonf/
yef;uefrsm;xJodkY xrif;vkdufxnfhay;ykH? pm;NyD;om; yef;uefrsm;udk odrf;qnf;oGm;ykH
wku
Yd vnf; nifnifomomyif/ xrif;pm;yG?J {nfch yH rJG sm;wGif Mum;&wwfonfZh eG ;f csif;? yef;uef
csif; wkdufoHrsKd;? &kwf&kwfoJoJjzpfwmrsKd;qkd vkH;0rMum;&/ teD;wGif olwkdYwpfawG &yfapmifh
aeonfhwkdif {nfhonfrsm; pm;aomuf&mwGif taESmifht,Sufrjzpfap&atmif a`Eudk odrf;
qnf;xm;Ekid o
f rl sm; jzpfMuygonf/ {nfch jH yKpkjcif; twwfynmudk oifMum;xm;Muavoavm
rajymwwfyg/
xkdrQru uRefawmfwkdYonf olwkdYokH;a,muf\tqiftjyif trGrf;trHudkvnf; owd
rjyKbJ raeEkdifatmif jzpfrdMuonf/ txl;wvnf jyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;r&SdbJ uydku&kdESifhvSaom
olwkdY\0wfpm;qif,ifykHonf &efukefu rdef;uav;rsm; 0wfpm;ykHESifhwpfrluGJaeonf/ &efukef
u rdef;uav;awGu wl;pwwfwkdY? o&D;pwwfwkdYqkdonfh wkdESHYESHYqHyifuav;awG xm;aecsdef
wGif olwkdYqHyifu ausmay:wGif zm;vsm;0JaeMuonf/ ausmay:rSmom ruyg/ yg;ESpfzufudk
yg zkH;aeNyD; a&SUydkif;rsufESm uGufuGufuav;om ay:aeMuygonf/ olwkdY qHyiftjyiftqif
xkH;zGJYrIudk acwfqefonf[k ac:&rvm;? &kd;onf[k ac:&rvm; uRefawmfrajymwwfyg/ wpf
rsKd;Munfhaumif;onfrSm trSefyifjzpfygonf/
olwkdYtjyiftqif? olwdkYrsufESmaygufawGudk Munfh jrefrm rjzpfEkdif? &Srf;jzpf&rnf[k
uRefawmfxifvdkufygonf/
]]uko
d ed ;f az wpfacgufa&mufvmwke;f u q&mh&;Hk cef;rSm aumfzcD u
G f vmcsoGm;wJo
h il ,f
rav;wpfa,muftaMumif; a&;xm;wmudk uRefawmf zwfvkduf&w,f/ tJ'Drdef;uav;u
apmrGefvSwkdY&Gmu qkdvm;? bmvm;? ol ajymwJholi,frav;u b,f[mvJ}}
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

10

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

uRefawmfu uarmZcifvidI u
f kd ar;vku
d o
f nf/ ode;f azjrifah &;onf]h ta&SUajrmufwidk ;f
wpfcGif}c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;udk trSwf& ar;vkdufjcif; jzpf\/ uarmZcifvIdifu w[m;[m;
&,fum]]aMomf. . . q&m zwfvkdufrdoudk;? ck tJ'Daumif;rav; r&Sdawmhbl;q&m&JU? awmifBuD;
udk ajymif;oGm;NyD/ aumif;rav;u apmrGefvS arG;w,fqkdwJhq,fvefYqkdwJh&Gmu/ tcsdef&&if
q&mwkdYudk vkdufykdYygOD;r,f/ olwkdYu uRefawmhf pwyfpfu aumif;rav;awG/ wpfa,mufu
w&kwf? ]vDauGusif;}wJh/ aumifrav; eifh jrefrmemrnfu b,fol}}
]]xufxufatmifyg q&mBuD;}}
]]at;. . . iguawmh vDauGusif;yJ odw,f/ aemufwpfa,mufu ]]eef;qkdif;}}wJh? ucsif/
aemufwpfa,mufu ]]cifaqGOD;}}wJh &Srf;}}
vDauGusif;rSm yefqkdif;bufrS jzpfavonf/ olwkdYbufwGif rNidrfroufjzpfojzifh vm;
&Id;odkYa&mufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ 10 wef;wGif o&D;'DjzifhatmifcJhaomfvnf; ausmif;qufrae
awmhbJ aq;&kHwGif tvkyf0ifvkyfaeonf[k od&onf/ eefqkdif;rSmvnf; ajrmufykdif;rS vm;&Id;
odkYajymif;a&TUvmonfh ucsiftrsKd;orD;uav;jzpfonf/ cifaqGOD;wpfa,mufomvQif vm;
&Id;oljzpfavonf/
xrif;pm;aomufNyD;aemuf erwlodkYxGufrnfh uRefawmfwkdYum;udk apmifh&if; em;ae&ef
twGuf[kqkdum uarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdYudk olYtdrfopfuav;odkY ac:oGm;avonf/
uarmZcifvIdif\tdrfrSm wpfxyfwkdufuav;jzpfNyD; ukef;avQmay:wGif aqmufxm;
avonf/ wkdufaemufaz;bufudk ajrnDbufwGif xm;NyD; rsufESmpmudk ukef;avQmxdyfwGif
aqmufxm;onfhtwGuf tdrfa&SUvomaqmifbufwGif ESpfxyfjzpfaeonf/ ukef;avQmwGif
jrufcif;jyif? ukef;ajc&if;wGif t*Fawcif;xm;onfhpBuvrf;? pBuab;wGif ausmufyGwfvkH;
cHonfhvuf&ef;wkdifuav;awG umxm;onf/ jcHpnf;&kd;wpfavQmufwGif oMum;yif? opfawmf
yif? cs,f&Dyif? ,luvpfwyfwkdY pdkufxm;onf/ cs,f&Dyifu yef;Eka&miftyGifhawG qifvsuf/
vomaqmifrS arQmfMunfhvkdufvQif urlajc&if;wGif NrdKUjyifodkYxGufonfhvrf;rBuD;wpf
oG,fu vJavsmif;vsuf/ wpfzufukef;wGif a&Ta&mif0if;aeaom omoemh 2500 apwDawmf
udk zl;jrif&onf/ ta0;wGifrl vm;&Id;BuD;ESifharQmfrqkH;Ekdifaom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;/
uarmZcifvidI o
f nf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd aumfz?D opfo;D ponfwjYdk zifh {nfch NH yD;aemuf olt
Y rd f
udk vkdufjyonf/ acwfrDrD aqmufxm;onfhwpfxyfwkdufuav;jzpfygonf/ tdyfcef;? {nfhcef;?
xrif;pm;cef;? pmMunfhcef;ponfwkdYudk pepfwus zGJYxm;onf/
oD[&wempmay

]]a[m'g uRefawmhfpmMunfhcef;av? aemifrSm pma&;&if 'Dtcef;udkyJ okH;&rSmyJ/ pm;yGJ


uae xkdifMunfhvkduf&if ta&SUajrmufbufu awmifwef;BuD;awGeJY rkd;ukyfpuf0dkif;udk vSrf;jrif
ae&w,f/ q&m0efu tem;,lvkdY pmav; bmav;a&;&ifawmh 'Dtcef;rSmyJ a&;r,fqkdNyD; &I
cif;vSvSae&mudk wrifa&G; zGJYxm;wm q&m? q&mwkdY pma&;csif&ifvJ vmcJh? 'Dtcef;udk ay;
xm;r,f/ tcsdefra&G; BudKufoavmuf vmaeEdkifw,f/ t&ifwkef;uawmh 'DtdrfrSm uRefawmf
raeao;bl;/ {nfhonfvm&if 'DrSmyJ xm;w,f/ uRefawmf ajymif;vmwm wpfESpfavmufyJ &Sd
ao;w,f}}
{nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif trSwfw& odrf;xm;onfhtvStyypnf;awGu AD&kdBuD;rsm; jynfh
aeonf/
uarmZcifvIdifonf olYZeD; a':cif&DESifhwuG uav;rsm;tm;vkH;ESifhyg uRefawmfwkdYESifh
rdwfqufay;av&m wpfcPcsif;yif &if;ESD;oGm;Muavonf/ q&m0efBuD;uawmf a':cif&DrSm
ytkdYtrsKd;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfNyD; pmzwf0goemygojzifh uRefawmfwkdYpmrsm;? 0wKrsm;t
aMumif;udk awmfawmfajymEkdifavonf/ q&muawmf a':cif&Donf ]]rdzk&m;apm}}0wKt
aMumif;udk uRefawmfhudk ar;aeavonf/
]]jrefrm&mZ0ifZmwfvrf;udk t*Fvyd u
f t*Fvyd v
f dk jyefa&;w,f/ tJ'gudk q&mu jrefrm
jyefw,fav? q&mh0wKu jrefrm0wKudk zwf&ovkdyJaemf [m;. . . [m;}}
uarmZcifvIdifu uRefawmfhudk aemufaeonf/
&,fp&mawGudk ajymaeaomfvnf; uarmZcifvIdifonf tvkyfvkyfrysufyg/ uRefawmf
wkdYudk aemufajymifae&if;u &efukefodkY w,fvDzkef;ac:aeavonf/ cPMumvQif. . .
]]q&ma& a[m'DrSm vkyfom;t,f'DwmcsKyf OD;vSNrdKifqDu w,fvDzkef;&NyD? q&mpum;
ajymr,fvkdY ajymxm;w,f}}
rkd;ndKa[majymyGJudk a&Tqkdif;&eftwGuf tvG,fwul w,fvDzkef;quf &Ekdifrnfhae&m
udk pOf;pm;vkdufonfhtcg owif;pmwkdufudk trSwf&onf/ xdkYaMumifh udkvSNrdKifqDodkYquf&ef
olurSwpfqifh rkd;ndKodkY xyfquf&ef pDpOf&jcif;jzpf\/
cPMumvQif uRefawmfwkdYudk erwlodkYac:rnfhwkd,kdwm*spfum;ESpfpD; a&mufvmojzifh
uRefawmfwkdYonf erwlodkY xGufcJhMuavonf/
uRefawmfonf vufrSem&Dudk iJhMunfhvkduf\/ reuf 8 em&DcGJwGif &efukefrS xGufcJhaom
uRefawmfwkYdonf aeYv,fem&Djyef ESpfcsufausmfonfhtcg vm;&Id;-erwlvrf;rBuD;ay:odkY
a&mufaeMuavonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

11

12

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

(3)
er w l o d k Y
uRefawmfwkdYonf erwlodkY xGufcJhMuonf/ a&SUuum;wGif uRefawmfwkdYwpfodkuf vkduf
ygvmMuNyD; q&mrBuD;a':arNzdK;u vrf;jytjzpf aqmif&u
G o
f nf/ vrf;wpfavQmufwiG f uRef
awmfwYdk odvo
dk rQudk ajzMum;&ef jzpf\/ aemufum;wGif abmfwiG ;f 'kridk ;f csKyfO;D ndKESit
hf zGo
YJ m;
rsm;vku
d yf gMuonf/ uarmZcifvidI o
f nf tazmftjzpf olw
Y ynfEh pS af ,mufjzpfaom ud&k mouf
ESifharmifyifeDwkdYudkvnf; uRefawmfwkdYESifhtwl xnfhvkdufao;onf/
]ukd&mouf}[laomtrnfudk Mum;vkdufonfESifh uRefawmhftpfudk0rf;uGJrsm;jzpfMuaom
udk&myGifhwkdY? udk&mqifhwkdYudkvnf;aumif;? uRefawmfhrdwfaqG a,mom;BuD; udk&mjynfhukdvnf;
aumif; ajy; trSwf&rdavonf/ onfemrnfrsKd;onf tnmom;emrnfppfppfjzpfygonf/
txl;ojzifh awmifwGif;BuD;? yckuL? rkH&Gm? a&Tbdkwpf0dkufwGif Mum;&wwfaom emrnfrsKd;jzpf
onf/ emrnfuom tnmqefaeonf r[kwfyg/ udk&mouf\ykHyef;oPmefuvnf; tnm
om;*kduf tjynfhaqmifaeonf/ t&yfu &Snf&Snfudkif;udkif;? tom;u rnf;rnf;? acgif;wkH;
qHawmufu eDMuifMuif? ukwftusyGyGBuD;udk 0wfum abmif;bD&Snftzsm;udk zdeyf&SnfBuD;xJ
odkYoGif; 0wfxm;NyD; acgif;wGif arG;yGrsufESmokwfy0gBuD;wpfxnfudk zkdoDzwfoD &pfxm;vkduf
ao;onf/
ar;MunfhvdkufonfhtcgwGif uRefawmfxifonfhtwkdif; rkH&Gme,f bkwvifZmwdjzpf
aMumif; od&avonf/ vm;&Id;jynfolYaq;&kHBuD;wGif pma&;BuD;tjzpf trIxrf;aeonfrSm 10
ESpfausmfavNyD/ odkYwkdifatmif pdwf"mwft& MunfhMunfh? ykHyef;oPmeft& MunfhMunhf? emrnf
t&MunfhMunfh ol\tnmom;Zmwdonf ae&mwumwGif txif;om;ay:aeavonf/
olESifhwGJzuf]armifyifeD}onfvnf; rauG;om;jzpfaomaMumifh tnmom;[kyif qkdEkdif
avonf/ pifppf oleY mrnft&if;rSm armifyifeD r[kwyf g/ armifyife(D aus;vuf)[laomtrnf
jzifh uAsmuav;awG aqmif;yg;uav;awG a&;zl;aomaMumifh olu
Y kd armifyife[
D yk if uRefawmf
wkw
Yd pfavQmufv;Hk ac:cJMh uygonf/ oluvnf; xked mrnfukd ESpNf cdKufy&Hk ygonf/ t&yfyyk ?k rsuf
vkH;arS;arS;? toHpmpmESifh/ toHpmoavmuf pum;vnf; tvGefajymEkdifoljzpfavonf/ olY
toHonf b,favmufpum;ajymajym wdr0f ifomG ;rnft
h oHrsKd; r[kw/f pum;rajymbJaevQif
vnf; onfxufydk yDyDjrnfjrnf ajymEkdifrnfrxif/ pum;ajymEkdifavmufatmifvnf; pmrsKd;
pku
H kd zwfxm;olwpfa,muf jzpfygonf/ uAsmtaMumif; ajymrvm;? pmaya0zefa&;taMumif;
ajymrvm;? 0wKtaMumif; ajymrvm;? bmoma&;pmaytaMumif; ajymrvm;? taMumif;t
oD[&wempmay

&mrsKd;pkHudk cyfrsm; ajymEkdifoljzpfygonf/ armifyifeDonf tpwkef;u wefY,ef;wGif qHyifnyf


q&mvkyfaeavonf/ uarmZcifvIdifu olYudk awGYoGm;onfwGif ol\A[kokwESHYpyfykH? pmzwf
0goemygykH? &kd;om;ykHwkdYudk oabmusoGm;um vm;&Id;jynfolYaq;&kHBuD;wGif 0efxrf;tjzpf cefY
tyfcjhJ cif;jzpfonf/ armifyifeo
D nf vm;&d;I jynfoaYl q;&kpH mMunfw
h u
dk w
f iG f pmMunfw
h u
dk rf LS ; wm
0efudk ,lxm;&onf[kvnf; od&\/
vm;&Id;NrdKUtxGufodkY a&mufonfhtcgwGif a':arNzdK;onf um;udk &yfwefYapNyD;aemuf
uke;f uav;wpfcak y:&Sd taqmufttku
H av;wpfcq
k o
D Ykd wufomG ;avonf/ xkad e&mwpf0u
kd f
wGif armfawmfum;tcsKdU &yfaeMuonfudkvnf; awGY&onf/ c&D;onfwif *spfum;uav;rsm;
ESifhukefwifum;BuD;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ xkdum;rsm;ay:rS c&D;onfrsm;onfvnf; um;rsm;ay:
rS qif;um ukef;xdyfrS taqmufttkHuav;qDodkY oGm;aeMuonf/ wcsKdUum;ay:rS jyefqif;
vmMuum a&SUawmfawmfa0;a0;txd ajcvsifomG ;aeMuonf/ olwpYdk ;D vmonfah rmfawmfum;
rsm;u aemufrS wjznf;jznf; armif;vkdufoGm;Muonf/
taMumif;udk pkHprf;Munfhaomtcg NrdKUt0iftxGufudk ppfaq;onfh*dwfjzpfaMumif; od
&avonf/ vm;&Id;NrdKUxJESifhNrdKUjyifodkY 0ifolxGufolrSeforQonf *dwfwGif rSwfykHwifuwfjym;jy
NyD; *dwfrS udkuf 100? 200 a0;onftxd ajcvsifavQmufoGm;Mu&onf/ xkdae&ma&mufrS
um;rsm;ay:odkYwufum vkd&mudk c&D;qufMu&onf/ qkdif&mwkdY\vkHjcKHa&;tpDtrHwpfckay
wnf;/
uRefawmfww
Ydk pfou
kd rf mS rl armfawmfum;ay:rSvnf; qif;ravQmuf&yg/ rSwyf w
Hk ifvuf
rSwfvnf; jyp&m rvkdyg/ uarmZcifvIdifu uRefawmfwkdYoGm;a&;vma&;udprsm;ukd qkdif&mwkdY
ESiphf pD Ofay;vku
d Nf yD;jzpfojzifh vG,u
f al csmarmygonf/ q&mrBuD;a':arNzdK;u wm0efc
H vuf
rSwfxkd;vkduf&kHjzifh udpNyD;ygonf/
vm;&Id;rS erwlodkYoGm;onfhvrf;rSm rlvu uw&mcif;onfhvrf;aumif;jzpfaomfvnf;
,ckrl tayguftNyJawGESifhjzpfaeavNyD/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGifrl uw&myif r&Sdawmh/ ausmuf
wkH;awG txif;om;ay:aeMuNyD/ odkY&mwGif &Srf;jynfe,fu armfawmfrsm;onf xkdtayguft
NyJ? xkdtzktxpfrsm;udk rrIMuyg/ tvGefawmifhwif;cdkifcHhMuygonf/ xkdarmfawmfum;rsm;udk
armif;Muonfu
h m;q&mwku
Yd vnf; uRrf;usifMuygonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f c&D;vSnv
hf nfpOfu
uRefawmfonf uRefawmfwkdYudk vkdufydkYMuonfharmfawmfum;q&mrsm;udk teD;uyfavhvmcGifh&
cJh&m olwkdYtm;vkH; udk,fhenf;ESifhudk,f uRrf;usifvdrmMuonfhum;q&mrsm;jzpfaMumif; awGYcJh
&onf/ ajrjyefYu um;q&mwkdY uRrf;usifvdrmMuonfudkvnf; uRefawmfwkdY awGYzl;ygonf/
'DZifbmvqef;pwkef;u ig;pGefNrdKUe,fxJu NrdKUomodkY a&mufpOf NrdKUcHrsm;u uRefawmfwkdYudk
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

13

14

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

a&Tawmif&Gm&Sd apwDodkY vkdufydkYcJhMuonf/ wu,fu bmrQa0;vSonf r[kwf/ av;ig;rkdifc&D;


avmufom &dv
S rd rhf nf/ ajcvsifomG ;vQif wpfem&DausmfausmfavmufEiS hf a&mufEikd o
f nf/ od&Yk m
wGif &GmcHy*k K v
d rf sm;u uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd ajcvsifroGm;apvk/d ajcvsifvu
dk yf v
Ykd Qif pma&;q&mawG
udk {nfh0wfrausyGef[k xifMu[ef&Sdojzifh uRefawmfwkdY twif;jiif;aeonfhMum;u armfawmf
bwfpu
f m;BuD;jzifh vku
d yf o
Ykd nf/ wu,fu xkv
d rf;onf armfawmfum;vrf; r[kw/f vSn;f vrf;
oufoufomrQom jzpfonf/ vSnf;bD;&mrsm;aMumifh apmufBuD;awGu wpfayausmfausmf
ESpfayeD;yg; eufMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdY um;q&mudk0if;jrifhonf xkdapmufBuD;rsm;udk cGarmif;
onf/ acsmfvkdufvQif bD;wpfzuf apmufBuD;xJodkY usoGm;um um;arSmufrnfrkcs/ odkY&mwGif
ud0k if;jrifo
h nf um;udk t&Sed v
f nf; rowfyg/ ausmufw;Hk awGjzifh zkxpfaeonfv
h n
S ;f vrf;ay:
wGif apmufBuD;awGudk cGum armfawmfum;udk wpfem&D 15 rkdif? rkdif 20 EIef;avmufjzifh armif;
aerdygonf/ wu,fu xkv
d rf;onf bD;vSrd &hf o
Hk m armif;zkaYd umif;onfv
h rf;jzpfygonf/ ud0k if;
jrifhu rkdifEIef;udk ravQmh/ pD;ol uRefawmfwkdY wpfodkuf pum;rajymEkdif/ rsufvkH;tjyL;om;jzifh
vku
d v
f mMuonfw
h idk f olum; pum;udk azmifavmufatmif ajymvmonf/ onfrQqk;d aomvrf;
wGif onfrQ&Tifvef;xufoefpGm pum;ajym&if; armif;vmonfhudk0if;jrifhudk Munfh uRefawmf
wkdY tHhMojcif;jzpfMu&onf/
]]udk0if;jrifh 'Dvrf;udk b,fESpfcg armif;zl;ovJ}}
]][J. . . [J. . . udk,fh&Gmem;om uyfaew,f? 'Dvrf;udk uRefawmfwpfcgrS rarmif;zl;ao;
bl;cifAs? 'g yxrqkH;tBudrfyJ}}
]]ajz;ajz;armif;ygAsm? acsmfusoGm;rSjzifh apmufxu
J kd bD;wpfzufusoGm;NyD;arSmufomG ;
ygr,f}}
ukd0if;jrifhu t&,frysuf/
]]&ygw,fq&m? 'Dvrf;u emrnfBuD;q&m&JU/ uRefawmfwkdYt&yfrSm pum;ykHawmif &Sd
w,f/ ]a&TawmifEGm; vrf;qkd;rod}wJh/ 'Dvrf;ukd oGm;aeus a&Tawmifu EGm;tzkdY jrefrmjynf
b,fae&moGm;oGm; qkd;wJhvrf;&,fvkdYudk r&Sdawmhbl;wJh/ 'Davmufqkd;wJhvrf;? uJ q&mwkdYa&
enf;enf;av; owdxm;vkdufOD;? a&SUu vrf;tqif; avSum;xpf qif;ovkd qif;&rSm[J. . .
[J. . . }}
uk0d if;jrifu
h *D,mudk ajymif;NyD; uke;f qif;udk qif;onf/ olajymonft
h wkid ;f tqif;u
ajyajyavQmavQm r[kw/f avSum;xpfawGukd wpfxpfcsif;qif;oGm;&ovkd armfawmfum;onf
oD[&wempmay

wpf*sKef;*sKef; jrnfum atmufoq


Ykd if;oGm;onf/ uRefawmfwu
Ydk qif;avQmufyg&ap[kawmif;
yefonfw
h idk f ud0k if;jrifo
h nf qif;cGirhf jyK/ olw
Y m0efonf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd a&Tawmifot
Ykd a&muf
ydkYa&;jzpfonf[kqkdum tvGefMurf;onfhawmvrf;BuD;udk arSmifBuD;rSnf;rSnf;xJwGif w&Murf;
armif;ydkYcJhavonf/
&Srf;jynfe,frS um;q&mrsm;u xkda&Tawmifvrf;xuf Murf; a&Tawmifvrf;xuf t
onf;xdwfp&maumif;aom vrf;rsm;ay;wGif udk0if;jrifhxuf ravsmhaom &Tifvef;xufoefrI
rsKd;jzifh armif;Ekdif armif;&Jolrsm;jzpfavonf/ rsufvkH;rsm;u xufoefrIjzifh awmufyvsuf?
trlt&mu udk,fhudk,fudk ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rItjynfhjzifh &Tifvef;vsuf? rsufESmu odkYpGefYpGefY
pm;pm; armif;&onfudk auseyfrIjzifh 0if;xdefvsuf/
&Sr;f jynfe,fu um;q&mrsm;onf olwv
Ydk ufz0g;ay:u vuPmta&;taMumif;rsm;
udk odaumif;rS odMuvdrrhf nf/ od&Yk mwGif olwv
Ydk rf;rsm;wGif &So
d nfh csKdichf u
G w
f idk ;f ? vrf;auGw
Y idk ;f
ausmufcJwkdif;ukdrl aumif;aumif;odolrsm; jzpfMuavonf/
erwo
l Ykd oGm;onfv
h rf;rBuD;ay;wGif uRefawmfwYdk um;ESppf if;onf t&Sed jf yif;pGmjzifh ajy;
aeMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdY um;ESpfpif;[kajym&jcif;rSm tjcm;aMumifhr[kwf/ xkdtcsdefrsKd;wGif
xkv
d rf;rBuD;ay: tjcm;um;rsm; ajy;qGjJ cif; r&SMd uawmhaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,f
wGif ajy;qGJaeonfhvlpD;um;? ukefwifum; ponfwkdYonf tcsdefZ,m;twkdif; twdtusajy;
qGJaeMu&onf/ ta&;wBuD;wm0efjzifh vmonfhum;rsm;rSty usefum;rsm;udk nae 6 em&D
ausmfvQif NrdKUwGif;odkY 0ifcGifhrjyKawmh/ xkdYaMumifh vlpD;um;? ukefwifum;rsm;onf nae 6
em&Drxd;k rD NrdKUukd 0ifEidk af tmif armif;Mu&onf/ xkt
d csdeZf ,m;udk rrDonfah rmfawmfum;onf
NrdKUjyifwGif tdyfayawmh/
onftcsdef erwlodkY oGm;onfhvrf;rBuD;ay:wGif vm;&Id;bufrS vmonfhum;vnf;
r&Sad wmh/ erwb
l ufrS vmonfu
h m;vnf; r&Sad wmh/ onftcsderf o
S m armif;aeMuvQif xku
d m;
rsm;onf vm;&I;d odYk tcsderf D a&mufEikd rf nfr[kw/f erwo
l v
Ykd nf; tcsderf aD &mufEidk rf nfr[kw/f
xkdYaMumifh xkdtcsdefwGif b,fc&D;onfwifum;rQ rxGufMuawmhonfhtwGuf vrf;rBuD;ay:
wGif uRefawmfwkdY um;ESpfpD;wnf;[k ajym&jcif;jzpfygonf/
vrf;wGif &Gmuav;rsm;udk jzwfcJhMuonf/ wpf&Gmu ]]tdEkdif;}}/ aemufwpf&Gmu ]]em;
qkid ;f }}/ trsm;tm;jzifh &Sr;f ? yavmif? vDa&Smponfw
h idk ;f &if;om;rsm; aexkid Mf uonf/ EGm;arG;
jcif;? pyg;pdu
k jf cif;? awmif,mvkyjf cif;? jcHpu
dk jf cif;jzifh toufarG;olrsm; jzpfMuonf/ em;qkid ;f
rSm awmfawmfBuD;aom &GmjzpfNyD; a*:&cg;trsKd;om;rsm;vnf; aexkid o
f nf[k od&\/ em;qkid ;f
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

15

16

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

u &GwfwD;rkef;ESifhEGm;EkdYrSm olwkdYa'owpf0kdufwGif emrnfBuD;onf[kqdkaomfvnf; tcsdefr&o


jzifh uRefawmfwkdY pm;aomufraeMuawmh/
vm;&Id;rS em;qkdif;txd c&D;rSm awmifay:rS ajrjyefYvrf;c&D;jzpf\/ pm;yGJrsufESmjyifvkd
nDnmaom yx0Dtaetxm;jzpfojzifh &Srf;ukef;jyifjrifhwGif c&D;oGm;aeonf[k rxif&/ ajr
jyefYwGif c&D;oGm;aeovkd xif&onf/ odkY&mwGif em;qkdif;udk vGefonfhtcgwGif awmifay:rS
ajrjyefYvrf;onf aysmufoGm;NyD; awmifay:rS awmifay:vrf;udk pawGY&avonf/ taemuf
bufrkd;ukyfpuf0kdif;wGif rkd;aeonfhawmifwef;jymBuD;rsm;onf uRefawmfwkdYESifhwjznf;jznf;
eD;vmMuonf/
]][dk taemufxJrSm a&;a&;jrifae&wJhawmifu carmufawmifwJh/ carmufwpfvkH;
arSmufxm;wmeJw
Y v
l Ydk olu
Y dk carmufawmifvaYdk c:wm/ erwu
l tJ'cD armufawmifajc&if;em;
rSmav}}
a':arNzdK;u awmifwef;jymjymBuD;xJrS xk;d xGuaf eaom xl;jcm;onfo
h Pmefukd aqmif
onfhawmifxdyfwpfvkH;udk jyonf/
a':arNzKd;u ausmufrrJ mS arG;aomfvnf; erww
l iG f BuD;jyif;vmcJah om&Sr;f trsKd;orD;
BuD;jzpfavonf/ ,cifu omoemjyKausmif;wpfausmif;wGif ausmif;q&mvkyfcJhzl;ojzifh
t*Fvyd pf um;udv
k nf; a&vnfpmG ajymEkid yf gonf/ xkrd Qru pmayA[kow
k ? a'oE&A[kow
k
ESifhvnf; jynfhpkHonfhtwGuf vrf;wGif uRefawmfwkdY ar;orQudk pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf &Sif;jyonf/
em;qkid ;f udk vGeo
f nft
h cgwGif ajrjyifonf ajrjyefrY [kwaf wmh/ awmifuek ;f uav;awG?
urluav;awGudk jzwfarmif;&onf/ apmapmuvkd pdu
k cf if;rsm;pGmudv
k nf; rawG&Y awmh/ tif
wkdif;uav;rsm;udk awGYvm&onf/
uRefawmfwkYd oGm;av&m vrf;wpfavQmufwGif aeMumyGifh0g0grsm;ESifhpdefem;yefyGifheDeD
rsm;udk rMumcP awGY&\/ wpfcgwpfcgwGif pdefem;yefyGifheDeDwkdY rif;rlaeMuNyD; aeMumyGifh&kdif;
0g0gwkdYu ikyfvQKd;aeMuonf/ wpfcsDwpfcsDwGifvnf; aeMumyGifh&kdif;0g0gwkdYu BuD;pdk;aeMuNyD;
pdeef m;yefyiG ehf eD w
D u
Ydk yke;f atmif;aeMuonf/ od&Yk mwGif wpfavQmufv;Hk awmxatmif yke;f ae
Muonfah wmifyef;&kid ;f wpfrsKd;udu
k m; uRefawmfwYdk owdrjyKrdbJ raeEkid yf g/ pdeef m;yefyiG ehf eD w
D Ydk
aysmufomG ;aomfvnf; ol raysmufyg/ aeMumyGi&hf idk ;f 0g0gwkYd yke;f aeMuaomfvnf; ol ryke;f yg/
]]raA'g tHudkcJ yef;yefvsufyJ}}qkdonfhuAsmvkd xdkyef;&kdif;yGifhrsm;onf yef;yefvsuf&SdMuyg
onf/
oD[&wempmay

xkdawmyef;&kdif;udk &Srf;jynfe,fwGifomru csif;awmifwGifvnf; uRefawmf jrifcJhzl;yg


onf/ ykHawmifykHnmudk jzwfpOfuvnf; uRefawmfawGYcJhzl;onf/ wcsKdUu ]]*smreDyef;}}[kac:
wcsKdUu ]]0HomEkyef;}}[kac:Muonf/
uRefawmfu xkdyef;trnfudk ar;Munfh\/
]]uRefrvJ aumif;aumif; rodbl;q&m? &Srf;jynfe,frSmawmh 'Dyef;&kdif;awGcsnf;yJ}}
erwlvrf;wGifom xkdyef;&kdif;yGifhrsm;udk awGY&onfr[kwf/ uGwfckdifvrf;? rlq,fvrf;?
uGrf;vkHvrf;wpfavQmufwGifvnf; xkdyef;rsm;udk awGY&onf/ atmufbufqif;vmonfhtcg
ausmufrJ? aemifcsKdponfwkdYwpf0dkufwGifvnf; xkdyef;rsm;udk awGY&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf
xkdyef;trnfudk awGYorQ vludk ar;Mu&onf/ odkY&mwGif rnfolrQ a&a&&m&m rajzEkdifMu/ w
csKdUu jcHpnf;&kd;yef;[kajymMuonf/
aemifcsKdrS qif;vmNyD; jyifOD;vGifa&mufcgeD;awmhrS uarmZcifvIdif\um;'&kdifbm udk
atmifbef;u]]&Srf;vkdawmh ],mrkdif;avmhyef;}vkdYac:wmyJ q&m? jrefrmvkdawmh b,fvkdac:rSef;rod
bl;? wcsKdUuawmh ]aygif;ESHyef;}vkdYac:Muw,f}}[k ajymygonf/
erwEl iS v
hf m;&I;d onf 44 rkid o
f m a0;aomfvnf; vrf;Murf;ojzifh uRefawmfwYdk c&D;rwGif
vS/ vm;&Id;rS 32 rkdifokdYa&mufonfhtcgwGif refqrfqkdonfh&GmBuD;wpf&Gmudk awGY&onf/ pum;
0gawm[k t"dyg,f&NyD; emrnfausmf uG,fvGefol&kyf&Sifrif;orD;ar&Djrifh\Zmwdjzpfonf[k od
&avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYum;onf &GmxJodkY 0ifvmcJhonf/ vrf;awGu vrf;us,fBuD;awG? tdrfawG
uvnf; 0if;ESijhf cHEiS /hf oyf&yfoef&Y iS ;f onf&h mG BuD;wpf&mG jzpfygonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fu &Gmrsm;onf
olenf;ESifhol oyf&yfvSyonfh&Gmrsm;om jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdY ajrjyefYu &Gmrsm;vkd npfywf
jcif;r&Sd/ &kwfw&ufMunfhvQif tar&duef aumif;bGKdifum;rsm;xJu &Gmuav;awGESifhcyfqif
qif wlonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf &Gmv,fu ukefpkHqkdifrsm;udk avQmufMunfhMuonf/ bmrQ0,f&ef
r[kwfyg/ avhvm&kHoufoufrQom jzpfygonf/ qkdifuav;wpfqkdifa&SUwGif pmwkdufykH;uav;
csdwfqGJxm;onfudk awGY&ojzifh ar;Munfh&m erwlrS vmzGifhxm;onfhaus;&GmpmwkdufcGJ[k od&
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

17

18

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

avonf/
qkid w
f iG f &Sr;f jynfe,f xkad 'orSxu
G o
f nfBh udrjf cif;rsm;? 0g;carmufrsm;? w&kwyf ef;uef
pkHrsm;? qyfjymcJrsm;ponfhvlokH;ypnf;rsm; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk awGY&onf/ qHwdkukwf0JESifh
touf 20 cefY&Sd oli,frav;wpfa,mufu qkdifwGif xkdifa&mif;aeonf/ olYtrnfrSm Munf
MunfnGefYjzpfonf[k od&\/
]]rif; ausmif; raebl;vm;}}
]]aew,f&Sifh}}
]]b,fESpfwef;vJ}}
]]rESpu
f erwrl mS oGm;aew,f/ uswmeJY 'DEpS af wmh tjyifuyJ ajzr,fpw
d u
f ;l vkYd rwuf
awmhbl;/ tdrfrSmyJ ulnDvkyfay;aew,f}}
]]rif; tBuD;qkH;vm;}}
]]r[kwfbl;&Sifh? uRefr tpfr&Sdao;w,f/ olu rEav;wuokdvfrSm}}
uRefawmfwkdY qufar;rnfudk odvm; rajymwwf/ oli,frav;u olYtpfrtaMumif;
udk wpfqufwnf; ajzvdkufonf/
refqrf&mG rS wuov
dk af usmif;wufaeonfah usmif;olausmif;om; 6 a,mufcef&Y o
dS nf
[kod&\/
]]rif;wkdYqkdifrSm csdwfxm;wJhpmwkdufykH;u pmawGudk b,fvkda0ovJ}}
]]ra0bl;&Sifh? pmydkYum;vm&if uRefrwkdYqkdifudk pmawG tm;vkH; ay;ypfcJhw,f/ aps;aeY
us&if awmu vmMuw,f/ tJ'g ukd,fhpmukd,f a&G;,loGm;MuwmyJ/ vlMuKH&Sd&ifvnf; vlMuKHu
,loGm;Muw,f/ pmxnfhcsif&ifawmh pmwkdufykH;xJudk xnfhcJh&w,f}}
aus;vufrsm;wGif qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; aESmifhaES;MuefYMumaecsdef pmydkYwkdufr&Sd
onfhae&mrsm;wGif xkdtpDtrHrsKd;jyKvkyfay;onfrSm rsm;pGmavsmfuefonf[k uRefawmfxifyg
onf/ pifppf MunfMunfnGefYwkdY\ukefpkHqkdifuav;onf pmwkdufcGJr[kwfyg/ pmydkYwkduftrIxrf;
wpfa,mufrQ r&Syd g/ pmwku
d yf ;Hk csdwx
f m;&krH Qomjzpfygonf/ pmwku
d yf ;Hk csdwcf ESiphf mrsm;udk vuf
cHctwGuf olwkdYqkdifudk qufoG,fa&;Xmeu vc 35 usyfay;xm;onf[k od&avonf/
&Sr;f jynfe,fu NrdKUtrnf? &Gmtrnfrsm;rSm wpfcEk iS w
hf pfck cyfqifqifawGcsnf; jzpfonf?
xkdYaMumifh olwkdYu xkdtrnfwl NrdKUrsm;udk uGJjym;atmif NrdKUtoD;oD;udk 0daoojyK ac:Mu
oD[&wempmay

onf/ Oyrm - a&wHcGef&SdonfhrefqrfNrdKUudk ]]refqrfa&xGuf}}? &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;u ref


qrfNrdKUudk ]]aMu;oDrefqrf}}? ,ck uRefawmfwaYdk &mufaeonf&h mG BuD;udk ]]refqrf}}[komrnom
ac:Muygonf/ xkd&GmBuD;udkvnf; ]]ar&Djrifhrefqrf}}[k uRefawmfwkdYbmom 0daoojyK ac:
vkdufMuygonf/
refqrfum; erwlodkYoGm;onfhvrf;wGif vrf;qkHjzpfavonf/ erwlodkY oGm;vnf; &
onf/ vufzufajcmuf emrnfBuD;onfherfhqefodkYvnf; oGm;&onf/ rkdif;aighodkYvnf; oGm;
Ekdifonf/ ausmufrJ? oDaygponfwkdYudkvnf; qif;Ekdifonf/ xkdYaMumifh refqrfonf vm;&Id;t
aemufbufvrf;wGif tcsuftcsmusaom ae&m[k qkdEkdifavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf vufzuf&nfqkdifwpfqkdifxJodkY 0ifcJhMuonf/ vufzuf&nfqkdifu cyf
ao;ao;jzpfaomfvnf; vufzuf&nfum; yxrwef;pm; vufzuf&nf r[kwfyg/ erfhqefa&T
zDOD;vufzufajcmufjzifh azsmfxm;onfhtwGuf vufzufeHYoif;aeonf/
]]q&m vufzuf&nfta&mifudk Munfhprf;? wpfrsKd;jzpfaevdrfhr,f}}
OD;nDu ajymojzifh vufzuf&nfta&mifudk uRefawmfMunfhvkdufonf/ uRefawmfwkdYjrif
awGaY eus vufzuf&nft
f a&mifrsKd;r[kw/f aumfzaD &mifaygufaeonfv
h ufzuf&nf jzpfonf/
]]vufzufajcmufaumif;aumif;eJY azsmfwv
hJ ufzuf&nf[m aumfzaD &mifaygufae&r,f
q&m? aumfzDa&mifaygufaerS vufzuf&nfaumif;vkdY ,lqMuw,f}}
rSefygonf/ OD;nDajymonfhtwkdif; vufzuf&nfu aumfzDa&mifaygufaeonf/ odkY&m
wGif teHYESifht&omrSmum; uRefawmfwkdY &efukefu vufzuf&nfxuf rsm;pGmaumif;ygonf/
refqrfESifherwlrSm 12 rkdifa0;onf/ 12 rkdifqkdaomfvnf; vrf;Murf;ojzifh wpfem&DeD;
yg;avmuf armif;Mu&onf/ wpfcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif awmifBuD;rsm;ay:odkY wufoGm;Mu&NyD; w
csKdUae&mrsm;wGif uRef;awmrsm;udk jzwfoGm;&onf/ ukef;wpfukef;udk qif;vkdufonfhtcgwGif
erwlNrdKUudk bGm;ceJ awGYvkduf&onf/
erwlum; ukef;awG? csKdifhawGxJwGif wnfxm;onfhNrdKUjzpfonf/ nae 4 em&Davmuf
om &Sdao;aomfvnf; aeonf taemufbufawmifwef;rsm;aemufwGif uG,foGm;avNyD/ ae
a&mift<uif;tusefwcsKdUomvQif aumif;uifwGif rsufpdvnf usef&pfcJhMuonf/ awmifckd;
awG? jrLckd;awG a0aeojzifh erwlukd aumif;pGm rjrif&/ a&;a&;rIefrIefom jrif&\/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

19

20

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

jrLawG a0aeaomerwlNrdKUudk awmiftqif;rS vSrf;jrifvkduf&onfhtcgwGif uRefawmfh


tar\armifti,fq;Hk uG,v
f eG o
f l OD;av;OD;b&ifukd ajy;NyD; rqDrqkid f oGm;f trSw&f rdav
onf/
uRefawmfhOD;av;OD;b&ifonf tvGefayoljzpfygonf/ armifti,fqkH;rkdY tpfrawGu
vnf;tvkv
d u
dk Mf uonf/ olwaYdk rmifav; ynmawmfapcsifojzifh taumif;qk;H qko
d nfah usmif;
rsm;udk a&G;xm;cJhonf/ &efukeftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;? ppfudkif;tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;? pvif;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ponfhxkdpOfu emrnfBuD;onfhausmif;rsm;odkYydkYcJh
onf/ od&Yk mwGif uRefawmhOf ;D av;OD;b&ifonf q,fwef;wGif wzke;f zke;f uscJo
h nf/ av;ig;ESpf
usNyD;onft
h cgwGif OD;b&ifonf tdrrf S ypn;f rsm;udk ck;d um erwo
l x
Ykd u
G af jy;avonf/ erwl
abmfwGif;bufwGif tvkyftukdifaygonf[k Mum;ojzifh xGufajy;jcif;jzpf\/ tdrfu olb,f
xGuo
f mG ;onfukd rodMu/ ok;H av;vMumonft
h cgrS erwal bmfwiG ;f wGif pma&;tvkyaf vQmuf
aMumif;? r&ojzifh rkdif;xJwGif tvkyf0ifvkyfaMumif;? odkY&mwGif yifyef;onfh'Pf? &moDOwk'Pf
aMumifh rvkyEf idk af wmhaMumif;? xkt
d xJwiG f iSuzf sm;rdojzifh tdy&f mu rxEkid af Mumif;? xkaYd Mumifh
tdro
f jYkd yef&ef p&dwyf aYkd y;apvkad Mumif;? tpfrrsm;udk vGr;f ojzifh aeYwidk ;f rsuf&nfusrdaMumif;
jzifh pmwpfapmif a&mufvmavonf/
xkdrQru OD;b&ifonf eef;awmfa&SUq&mwif a&; avbmwDrjr&if oDqkdonfhuarm
ZoDcsif;pmom;av;udkvnf; xnfha&;vkdufao;onf/ ]]odEDe,f vm;&Id;u &GmNzdK;r,fhtoGif?
cgrkd; [kwf rxif? uarmZ &ufjrwfr[D. . . 'k|0wD. . . a&oDwm,Of? eef;a&SU udkBuD;wifu uRefr
avbmwDudk jrif. . . }}qkdonfhpmom;rsm; jzpfyg\/ xkdYaemufrS olrsm;ypnf;awGudk ,laygifxm;
ojzifh aiGrsm;rsm; ydkYvkdufzkdYvnf; rSmvkdufao;onf/
uRefawmfhtar tygt0if olYtpfr okH;a,mufonf apmapmwkef;u olwkdYarmifav;
udk pdwfqkd;aeMuaomfvnf; olwkdYwpfawG qkdavh&SdonfhoDcsif;pmom;uav;awGudk tzGJYtEGJY
a&; aiGrSmonfhpmudk zwf&onfhtcgwGif pdwfrqkd;EkdifMuawmhyg/ awmif;orQaiGudk &SmMuHpk
aqmif; ydkYvkdufMuygonf/ wpfaeY vmEkd;jzifh olwkdYarmifudk arQmfMuaomfvnf; jyefrvmyg/
aiGydkYNyD; okH;av;vMumawmhrS OD;b&ifonf tdrfodkYjyefa&mufvmavonf/ vluvnf; iSuf
zsm;pGJaeojzifh vl&kyf ray:awmh/ t0wftpm;rsm; pkwfjywfvsuf/
onfrSm vGefcJhonfhESpfaygif;av;q,f? 'kwd,urmppfBuD; rwkdifrDumvu jzpfyg
onf/
xkpd Ofu erwo
l nf ajrjyefrY S tvkyv
f ufrv
hJ il ,frsm;\em;ae&m? ckv
d &HI mjzpfcahJ vonf/
oD[&wempmay

ajrjyefYwGif tvkyftudkif&Sm;yg;vmonfhtcgwGif vli,frsm;onf erwlESifhabmfwGif;odkY oGm;


um tvkyfvkyfcJhMuonf/ tcsKdUu xkdrSmyif tdrfaxmifusum tajccscJhMuonf/ xdkacwfu
oGm;a&muftvkyfvkyfcJhNyD; erwlwGif tajccsaeonfhjrefrmtrsKd;om;BuD;rsm;udk uRefawmf
awGYcJh&onf/ wjcm;udk rMunfhESifh/ uRefawmfwkdYudk vmBudKonfherwlpmqkdawmfaumfrwDOu|
a':arNzdK;\cifyeG ;f OD;xGe;f cifrmS ajrjyefo
Y m;jzpfonf/
erwlonf enf;tm;jzifh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pkHonfhNrdKUi,fuav;wpfNrdKUjzpf
vmcJhonf/ ,ckvnf; xkdYtwlyg/ erwlESifhabmfwGif;odkY uRefawmfwkdYa&mufaepOf tawmt
wGif;wGif ajrjyefYrS trIxrf;? t&mxrf;? vli,frsm;ESifhuRefawmfwkdYawGYcJh&onf/ trsm;pkrSm
ajrjyefYrS wkdif;&if;om;rsm;jzpfMuavonf/ erwlESifhabmfwGif;wGif tvkyfvkyfaeonfh&Srf;? u
csifponfhawmifay:wkdif;&if;om;rsm;rSm tenf;pkrQom jzpfavonf/ &Srf;trsKd;om;onf
olY,mawm? olYrkefnif;cif;udk pGefYypf&uf[ef rwlyg/
erwlodkY0ifcgeD;awmh uRefawmfwkdYudk vmBudKaeonfh*spfum;uav;wpfpif;udk awGY&
onf/ erwlpmqkdawmfaumfrwD0ifrsm;jzpfonf[k od&\/ a':arNzdK;onf aemufrS vkdufvm
cJh&ef um;ay:rS atmfajymaeavonf/
erwl(erfhwl)/
&Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f rS NrdKUrsm;? &Gmrsm;? jrpfrsm;? acsmif;rsm;\trnfrsm;wGif ]]erf}h }
qko
d nfph um;vk;H udk rMumcP awG&Y wwfonf/ Oyrm - erw?l erfq
h ef? erfch rf;? erfyh ef? erfw
h if;?
erfhckduf? erfharm? erfhzum? erfhay:? erfhvG,f? erfhwef? erfhyGef? erfhqvyfponfwkdYjzpfMuonf/
erfrh mS ]]a&}}[laomt"dyg ,fukd aqmifonf[o
k &d \/ acsmif;teD;? jrpfteD;? a&xGut
f eD;wGif
wnfxm;Muojzifh ]]erfh}}[laomtrnfwGJygaejcif;jzpfonf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/
erwl(erfhwl)[laomtrnfrSm]]a&ykyf}}[k t"dyg,fxGuf\/ odEDta&SUbuf 25 rkdift
uGm oHvGifjrpfteD; awmifukef;wpfckay:wGif jrpfzsm;cH pD;qif;vmonfhjrpfwpfjrpfonf od
EeD ,fxw
J iG f erwjl rpf[t
k rnfwiG Nf yD; oDaygbufoYkd a&mufonht
f cg 'k|0wD[
l jzpfomG ;um
tr&yl&e,fxo
J Ykd a&mufonft
h cgwGif jrpfi,fjrpf[k trnfwiG v
f suf tif;0teD;wGif {&m0wD
jrpfxJodkY pD;0ifoGm;avonf/
erwlum; erwljrpfay:wGif wnf&Sdavonf/ taemufbuf a&a0ukef;wef;rS pD;qif;
vmaom erfyh ef,eG ;f acsmif;onf erwt
l eD;wGif erwjl rpfxo
J pYkd ;D 0ifomG ;\/ erfyh ef,eG ;f acsmif;
wGif abmfwGif;&Sdavonf/ abmfwGif;rS owKaq;aoma&rsm;onf erfhyef,Gef;acsmif;twkdif;
pD;qif;vmojzifh erwlteD;wGif jrpfa&onf aemufusdaewwfonf/ owKa&ykyfawG xkdokdY
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

21

22

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jzwfoef;pD;qif;&mwGif wnfxm;onfNh rdKUjzpfonft


h wGuaf Mumifh erw[
l ak c:aMumif; od&av
onf/
erwlu jrpfa&om npfnrf;aomfvnf; NrdKUu oefY&Sif;ygonf/ erwlonf ukef;awG
usif;awGxJwGif wnfxm;onfhNrdKUjzpfonfhtwGuf wpfrsKd;Munfhaumif;aeonf/ wcsKdUtdrf
awGu tedrfhxJrSm wcsKdUtdrfawGu tjrifhrSm/ xif;&SL;yif? ,luvpfwyfyifawGu vrf;ab;
wGif wef;pDaygufvsuf/
uRefawmfwkdYum;onf awmifatmufajcrS ukef;jrifhwpfckodkY auGYywfwufvmcJhonf/
ukef;jrifhatmuf tdrfrsm;ay:wGif jrLawG &pfoef;vsuf&Sdojzifh tdrfajc,majc? opfyifrsm;udk
aumif;aumif; rjrif&/ jrLjymjymxJwGif a&;a&;&dyf&dyfom ay:aeMuonf/
uRefawmfwYdk wnf;cd&k rnf{h nf&h yd o
f mrSm awmifuek ;f xdyw
f iG f &Sad vonf/ armfawmfum;
onf {nf&h yd o
f modaYk &mufatmif renf;wuf,&l \/ awmifuek ;f ay:rS qD;Munfv
h u
dk o
f nft
h cg
wGif erww
l pfNrdKUvk;H udk jrifae&onf/ ESi;f jrLwko
Yd mr&Sv
d Qif tao;pdwf jrif&ayvdrrhf nf/ ,ck
um; ESi;f jrLawGqidk ;f aeojzifh erwjl rpfay:rS wHwm;udv
k nf;aumif;? puf&rHk ;D ck;d acgifwidk rf sm;
udkvnf;aumif; jrpfwpfzufurf;rS yef;[dkuf&yfuGufudkvnf;aumif; 0dk;wkd;0g;wm;om jrif&
onf/
{nfh&dyfomrSm wpfxyfwkdufuav;jzpfonf/ tdyfcef;ESifhwGJvsuf a&csKd;cef;? tdrfom
ponfwkdYudk acwfrDpGm aqmufxm;onfhtaqmufttkHuav; jzpfyg\/ {nfh&dyfoma&SUwGif
pnf;a0;cef;rwpfckudkvnf; owfowfaqmufxm;ao;onf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf cPem;NyD;aemuf a&csKd;Mu\/ wu,fawmh erwlwGif onftcsdef
a&csKd;&onfrSm pGefYpm;cef;BuD;wpf&yf jzpfygonf/ erwlwGif aea&mifudk jrif&onfhtcsdefu
ESpfem&D? okH;em&Davmufom&SdNyD; useftcsdefrsm;wGif ESif;awG qkdif;aewwfonf/ reufqkdvQif
11 em&DavmufusrS ESif;uGJoGm;onf/ nae 3 em&DavmufqkdvQif aevkH;udk rjrif&awmh/
ESi;f awGu NydKqif;vmMujyefonf/ erwNl rdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;udk Munfv
h u
dk v
f Qif wpfaeYv;Hk taEG;
xnfxlxlBuD;awG 0wfxm;Muonf/ ta&mifvSvSqG,fwmtxlpm;udk 0wfum odk;arT;vnf
pnf;udk ar;odkif;&pfxm;MuNyD; ajctdwfjzLjzLrsm;udk pGyfxm;MuonfhtrsKd;orD;BuD;i,fwkdY\
ykHoPmefonf uRefawmfwkYdrsufpdxJwGif tqef;jzpfaeavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf a&cJrwwfjzpfaeaom a&udk cyfokwfokwf csKd;NyD;aemuf pnf;a0;
cef;rBuD;xJoYkd vmcJMh uonf/ pnf;a0;cef;rxJwiG f pmqkad wmfaumfrwD0ifrsm;? NrdKUcHvBl uD;rsm;
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

23

rdwq
f pHk m;yGw
J iG f MumMumtcsderf jzKef;Ekid yf g/ rdwq
f ufpm;yGNJ yD;vQif xkcd ef;rxJwiG f pmay
aqG;aEG;yGJvkyf&ef pDpOfxm;ojzifh rdwfqkHpm;yGJudk cyfjrefjref odrf;&\/
pmayaqG;aEG;yGJodkY trIxrf;? t&mxrf;awG? ausmif;olausmif;om;awG? vli,fawG?
trsKd;orD;awG vmMuonf/ rQcsrf;at;&onfhtxJwGif NrdKUxJrS wul;wuefYvma&mufMu
ojzifh uRefawmfwkdY tHhMo&ao;onf/
]]q&mrBuD; y&dowfu awmfawmfrsm;wmyJ}}
]]q&mwkdYa& 'gawmif y&dowfu rukefao;bl;/ &moDOwkuvJ odyfat;vGef;? vm&
wJhc&D;uvJ a0;vGef;vkdY? EkdYr[kwf&if onfhxufrsm;wmaygh}}[k q&mrBuD;a':arNzdK;u ajym
onf/
olwkdYar;onfhar;cGef;awGuvnf; tqifhtwef;jrifhMuygonf/
n 7 em&DwGif ponfhaqG;aEG;yGJonf awmfawmfESifhrNyD;Ekdif/ ar;csifolawG usefaeao;
onf/ wcsKdUu rausvnfonfwkdYudk aqG;aEG;csifao;onf/ odkY&mwGif q&mrBuD;a':arNzdK;
onf olwkdYudk cGifhrjyKawmh/
]]&moDuvJ odyfat;ygw,f/ wcsKdUy&dowfawGqkd&ifvJ ta0;BuD;jyefMu&rSmyg? NyD;
awmh q&mawGvJ awmfawmfc&D;yef;aeygNyD/ ckqkd&if 11 em&Dxkd;ygawmhr,f/ 'gaMumifh aqG;
aEG;yGJudk &kyfodrf;ygawmhr,f}}
q&mrBuD;u aqG;aEG;yGJudk twif;&kyfodrf;awmhrS y&dowfawG jyefukefMuonf/

oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

ESifhrdwfqkHxrif;pm;yGJ usif;y&ef pDpOfxm;avonf/

24

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

(4)
jrLarSmifvGrf;aom erwl
aemufwpfaeYreuf uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG tdyf&mrSEdk;awmh 7 em&DausmfaeavNyD/ erwl
wGif aea&mifudk rjrif&ao;/ aea&mifudkom rjrif&onfr[kwf/ ESif;xkBuD; odyfonf;pGm us
aeojzifh a&SU0g;wpf&kdufxuf ausmfvQif bmudkrQ rjrif&yg/ cPMumvQif tcsdefwdusonfh
a':arNzdK;onf um;wpfpD;jzifh a&mufvmavonf/
]]q&mwkdYudk uRefrtdrfrSm reufvufzuf&nf aomufzkdY pDpOfxm;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh NrdKU
udkvJ tcsdef&oavmufuav; vkdufjycsifygw,f}}
uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;onf um;a&SUrD;udk vif;aeatmif xGe;f um awmifatmufoq
Ykd if;vm
cJo
h nf/ um;a&SUrD;ESpv
f ;Hk udk xGe;f xm;onfw
h idk f ESi;f awG rIeaf eao;ojzifh aumif;aumif;rjrif
&/ odkY&mwGif erwlowKwGif;rS um;q&monf t&Sdefudk enf;enf;rQ ravQmh/ awmifudk auGY
ywfum t&Sed jf yif;jyif;qif;vmcJah vonf/ awmifuek ;f ab;rS tpd;k &&k;H rsm;? vlaetdraf jcrsm;
udk tem;a&mufrSom jrif&awmhonf/ xlxyfpGm usaeonfhESif;xkBuD;xJwGif vrf;avQmufae
olrsm;? tajy;avhusifhaeolrsm;udkvnf; &dyfceJ &dyfceJ awGYvkduf&onf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf ESi;f xkBuD;xJwiG f t&Sed jf yif;jyif;ESiq
hf if;aeonfah rmfawmfum;ay:wGif
toufudkrQ aumif;aumif;r&SL&J? rsufvkH;awGudk jyL;aeatmif zGifhMunfhNyD; vkdufvmcJhMu
onf/ owKwGif;rS um;q&mum; wpfcsufrQ a`Erysuf/ olonfvnf; &Srf;jynfe,frS um;
q&mrsm;vkd vrf;auGYwkdif;? urf;yg;wkdif;? acsmufwkdif;ukd odol r[kwfavm/
ukef;ukdywf qif;vmNyD;aemuf cPMumvQif armfawmfum;onf NrdKUv,faumifu
wHwm;wpfcu
k kd jzwfvmavonf/ jrLck;d awG? ESi;f awGMum;rS wNidrNhf idrphf ;D aeaom erwjl rpfjzpf
yg\/ NrdKUv,fudk jzwfpD;aeonfhtwGuf &kwfw&ufMunfhvQif u,m;jynfe,fNrdKUawmf vGKdif
aumfESifhcyfqifqifwlonf/ odkY&mwGif erwlonf vGKdifaumfvdk vlaerusJyg/ jrpfwpfzufurf;
rS tpk;d &&dyo
f m&yfuu
G rf sm;wGif vlaeusJonfw
h idk f wpfzuf&dS yef[u
dk b
f ufwiG rf l vlaeodyo
f nf;
NyD; tdrfvcawG aps;BuD;aeonf/ owKwl;azmfa&; aumfydka&;&Sif;ydkif cJoefYpifa&;puf&kHrsm;?
tvkyf&kHrsm;? tvkyform;&yfuGufrsm;? aps;qkdifrsm;jzifh pnfum;aeonf/ blwm&kH? aps;? &kyf
&Sif&kHponfwkdYvnf; yef[kdufbufrSmom &SdMuonf/
q&mrBuD;a':arNzdK;\tdrfrSm aps;teD;wGif &Sdavonf/
olYcifyGef;OD;xGef;cifrSm touf 60 ausmfavNyD/ odkYwkdifatmif 40 ausmfvl&G,fwpfOD;
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

25

OD;xGef;cifrSm ajrjyefYom; jzpfavonf/ i,fi,fu xkdacwfu vli,frsm;xkH;pH erwl


wGif vmtvkyfvkyf&if; ausmufrJola':arNzdK;ESifhtaMumif;ygum erwlwGif tajcwusae
xkdifvsuf &Sdavonf/ ,ckawmh OD;xGef;cifonf ajrjyefYom;ESifhvkH;0rwlawmhyg/ tom;ndK
onfuvGJvQif olYtoH? olY[efyef? olYtrlt&monf &Srf;ESifhcGJr&atmif wlaeavNyD/ ygvDref
acwfwek ;f u OD;xGe;f cifonf tvkyo
f rm;ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f jzpf Ekid if w
H umuGezf &ifrh sm;odYk wuf
a&mufczhJ ;l onf[k od&\/ aemufyikd ;f wGif OD;xGe;f cifonf bmoma&;vkyif ef;? vlraI &;vkyif ef;
rsm;udk wufwuf<u<u aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdavonf/ olYtdrfwGif AD&kdBuD;rsm;jzifh xnfhxm;aom
bmopmtkyfrsm; trsm;tjym; awGYcJh&avonf/
a':arNzdK;auR;onfh reufpmrSm &Srf;acgufqGJ jzpfygonf/ aumif;aomfvnf; tvGef
ap;onfh&Srf;qefjzifh vkyfxm;aomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdY aumif;aumif;rpm;EkdifMu/ tvGeft
&om&SdonfhwdkY[l;aMumfudk awGYojzifh ar;Munfh&m ukvm;yJjzifh vkyfxm;onfh wkdY[l;r[kwfyJ
pm;awmfyJjzifh vkyfonfhwkdY[l;jzpfaMumif; od&avonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh &Srf;jynfe,fu wkdY[l;
rsm;rSm ajrjyefu
Y vkd ukvm;yJjzifh vkyo
f nfw
h [
Ydk ;l rsm; r[kwMf ubJ pm;awmfyjJ zifh vkyo
f nfw
h [
Ydk ;l
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fwGif uRefawmfwdkYoGm;av&m pm;awmfyJjzifh vkyfonfhwkdY[l;udk
om pm;cJhMu&onf/ yg;pyfxJa&mufonfESifh t&nfaysmfrwwf El;nHhaom &Srf;jynfe,fajrmuf
ydkif;u wkdY[l;ygwnf;/
a':arNzdK;tdrfwGif reufpm pm;aomufMuNyD;aemuf a[majymyGJvkyf&m NrdKUv,f&kyf&Sif
&kHbufodkY vmcJhMuonf/ &kHvkH;jynfhrQ ausmif;olausmif;om;? trIxrf;? pmay0goem&Sifrsm;
wufa&mufMuonf/
yxrOD;qkH; a[majymyGJjzpfojzifh uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG tm;&yg;& ajymvkdufMuonf/
reuf 9 em&DcGJrSponfha[majymyGJonf em&Djyef 2 csufcGJrS NyD;awmhonf/ pkpkaygif; 6 em&DMum
aom[l\/
a[majymyGJNyD;awmh uRefawmfwkdY em;csdefr&yg/ nydkif;wGif abmfwGif;odkY ul;&rnfjzpfo
jzifh tjrefjyifqifMu&onf/
abmfwiG ;f odYk oGm;&ef blwm&ko
H v
Ykd mcJMh uonf/ aea&mif 0if;yaeonfw
h idk f tat;"mwf
u pl;&SaeqJ jzpfygonf/ avuvnf; pl;&Satmif at;aeonf/ avxJwGif ESif;eHY? opf&GufeHY?
ajreHYwkdYu arT;aeonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vkd zswfvwfqJ &Sdao;\/

26

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

arm&pfaumvpfu &Srf;jynfe,fu avudk ]]&Sefydeft&ufESifhwlaomav}}[k wifpm;cJh


zl;onf/ uRefawmfonf arm&pfaumvpf pum;vkH;udk trSwf&aeavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYudk abmfwGif;rS vmBudKolrsm;rSm 'krkdif;csKyfOD;nD jzpfavonf/ OD;nDonf
raeYuyif vm;&Id;ta&muf vmBudKNyD;aemuf erwlwGif xm;&pfcJhum pDpOfp&mrsm;udk pDpOf&ef
abmfwGif;odkY jyefoGm;cJhonf/ onfaeYwGifvnf; OD;nDonf uRefawmfwkdYudk aemufwpfacguf
vmBudK&jyefonf/
]]OD;nD&,f ukd,fwkdifvm&ovm;? tacgufacguftcgcg vm&wm yifyef;vSa&mhaygh}}[k
uRefawmfwkdYu ajymonf/
]]&ygw,fq&m? uRefawmfwt
Ydk zkaYd wmh erwel aYJ bmfwiG ;f [m tdrOf ;D eJMY urf;jyifvdk jzpfae
NyD/ aps;0,fvm&ifvJ 'Dukdvm&wmyJ/ &kyf&SifMunfhcsif&ifvJ 'DudkyJ vm&wmyJ? &kH;udp&Sd&ifvJ
'Dukdvm&wmyJ? &efukefeJYtif;pdefvkdaygh? a0;awmhvJ 14 rkdifyJ a0;wmyg}}
olajymawmhvnf; [kwfovkdvkdyif/ erwlESifhabmfwGif;odkY ul;vl;qufqHae&ykHonf
&efukefESifhtif;pdef? tif;pdefESifhr*Fvm'kH qufqHul;vl;ae&ouJhodkY &Sdonf/ abmfwGif;onf cJ
&kid ;f rsm;? owK&kid ;f rsm;udo
k m xkwv
f yk af y;Ekid Nf yD; xko
d wK&kid ;f rsm;udk oefpY if&eftwGurf l erwl
udk tm;udk;ae&avonf/ abmfwGif;onf ukefMurf;rsm;udk xkwfvkyfay;&mXmejzpfNyD; erwl
onf ukefacsmxkwfvkyf&mXme jzpfayonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf vGefcJhonfhESpf 100 avmufu wnfcJhonf[k tqkd&Sdaom erwlNrdKUudk
ESHYpyfatmif vnfywfMunfh&Icsdef r&yg/ tajy;tjzef;om MunfhEkdifcJhMuyg\/
]]',ftkd;oPmef csKdifh0Srf;xJwGif wnf&Sdojzifh b,fae&mudkMunfhMunfh awmifwef;BuD;
awG umqD;aeonfudkom jrif&onf/ reufydkif;ESifhnaeydkif;qkdvQif ESif;jrLESifhawmifckd;awG
a0aeonf/ a&SU0g;wpf&dkufomomavmufqkdvQif aumif;aumif;rjrif&awmh/ ab;ywfvnf
awmifwef;awGay:rSm qD;Munfv
h u
dk v
f Qif erwo
l nf tdyaf ysmfaeaom NrdKUi,fuav;wpfcv
k dk
wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeonf/ odkY&mwGif NrdKUxJa&mufonfhtcgwGif erwlonf touf"mwftm;
tjynfhjzifh vIyf&Sm;aeaom zGHYNzdK;pcEmudk,fwpfckESifhwlaeonf/ aps;xJodkY avQmufoGm;vQif
vlrsKd;aygif;pkHudk awGYEkdifonf/ Arm? ukvm;? w&kwf? &Srf;? vDa&Sm? yavmif? ucsif? u&if?
csif;? 0? ytkdY? vm;[l? ajrmifZD;ponf/
olwkdYtvkyftudkifrSm trsm;tm;jzifh owKpuf&kHrS tvkyform;rsm;? tpdk;&trIxrf;
oD[&wempmay

rsm;? aps;onfrsm;? jcHorm;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ owKpuf&kHtvkyform;rsm;xJwGif awmifay:


om;OD;a&u enf;NyD; ajrjyefYom;u rsm;onfudk awGY&\/ awmifay:om;rsm;rSm jcHorm;rsm;
ESifhaps;onfrsm; jzpfMuonf/
erwo
l wKpuf&rHk sm;onf cJpif? aiGpif? oGyrf eI ?Yf aMu;eDruf? caemufprd ;f cJ? eDu,f? pyku
d f
ponfyh pn;f ajcmufrsKd;udk vpOfxw
k v
f yk af y;aeMuonf/ erwo
l wKpuf&rHk sm;wGif tvkyv
f yk f
aeonft
h vkyo
f rm;u 3000 cef&Y NdS yD; abmfwiG ;f wGif tvkyv
f yk af eonft
h vkyo
f rm;u 3000
avmuf&Sdonf/ erwlESifhabmfwGif;u owKwl;azmfjcif;? owKcsufjcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk erwl
&Sd trSwf(1)owKwl;azmfa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;(erwlabmfwGif;owKwGif;)u pDrHtkyfcsKyfvsuf&dS
onf/
erwlrS owKcsuf&kHeSifhowKcRwf&kHrsm;onf ukefacsmtxGufwGif vsmxm;csuftwkdif;
xkwfvkyfEkdifonfhtcgvnf; &Sdonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGifvnf; vsmxm;csufxuf avsmhaewwf
onf/
uRefawmfwkdYu taMumif;&if;udk ar;Munfhonf/
]]t"duuawmh o,f,lydkYaqmifrI tcuftcJeJY tvkyftiftm;pk rwnfNidrfrI? tJ. . .
tvkyo
f rm;OD;a& rwnfNidrrf yI gyJ/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 1979-ckEpS ?f arveJ{Y NyDvawGrmS qk&d if uRef
awmfwkdYvkyfief;rSm ukefxkyfvkyfrI txGufuscJhw,f/ taMumif;uawmh ckeu ajymcJhwJhtcsuf
ESpcf sufy/J erwel aYJ bmfwiG ;f vrf;rSm t"du o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;,mOfjzpfwrhJ ;D &xm;awGtwGuf
uRefawmfwkdYrSm ausmufrD;aoG; vkHvkHavmufavmuf r&Sdbl;/ ausmufrD;aoG; r&Sdawmh &xm;
oGm;vmrI tqifrajybl;/ 'Dawmh owKwGif;rSm okH;zdkY opfom;awG abmfwGif;udk vkHvkHavmuf
avmuf rydkYEkdifbl;/ wl;vkdufwJhowKwGif;awGukd ajrpmjyefjznfhzkdYtwGuf erwloefYpifa&;puf
&kHrSm tjzKef;oJawGudk abmfwGif;udk ydkY&w,f/ 'gawGudkvnf; uRefawmfwkdY rydkYEkdifcJhbl;/ 'Dawmh
owK&kid ;f wl;azmfa&;rSm txGuaf vsmhcw
hJ ,f/ ukeMf urf;txGuaf vsmhcw
hJ t
hJ wGuf ukeaf csmxkyf
vkyfrIrSmvJ usqif;cJh&w,f/ 'gaMumifh ukefydkxkwfEkdifatmiftwGuf vrf;yef;ydkYaqmifa&;zdkYvkd
w,f/ ydkYaqmifa&;aumif;zkdYtwGuf uRefawmfwkdYrSm ausmufrD;aoG;vkdw,f}}[k qkdif&mwkdYu
uRefawmfwkdYudk ajymjyvkdufMuonf/
1980-ck? rwfvwGif erwlabmfwGif; &xm;vrf;rS &xm;rsm;twGuf ausmufrD;aoG;
vkdtyfcsuf wefcsdefonf 300 jzpfaomfvnf; wef 60 om &cJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh &xm;rsm;&yf
qkid ;f uke&f onf/ &xm;awG &yfuek o
f jzifh ukeMf urf;wl;azmf&mwGiaf &m ukeaf csmxkwv
f yk af &;yg
xdckdufonf[k od&onf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

27

28

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

aemufwpfcsufrmS tvkyt
f iftm;pk rwnfNidrjf cif;jzpfonf/ ajrjyefrY S vkyo
f m;rsm;onf
erwal bmfwiG ;f trsm;tjym; a&mufvmcJMh uonf/ txl;ojzifh ajrvwfyikd ;f ESit
hf xufjrefrm
EkdifiHrS vli,ftrsm;tjym;onf abmfwGif;odkY wufvmcJhMuonf/ odkY&mwGif xkdtvkyftiftm;
pkonf wnfNidrfjcif;r&Sd/ twkd;tavsmh jyaewwfonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif tvkyform;OD;a&
onf rsm;aeonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif enf;aewwfonf/ tvkyftiftm;pk ysHusaeonf/ xkdodkY
rwnfrNidrf jzpfae&jcif;rSm ukefaps;EIef;rwnfrNidrf jzpfum pm;0wfaep&dwf BuD;jcif;? oGm;
a&;vma&; cufcJjcif; ponfwkdYaMumifh jzpfonf[k od&avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf owKpuf&kH owcRwfpuf&kHrsm;? rD;&xm;tvkyf&kHrsm;? vuform;&kH
rsm;? yef;yJ&rHk sm;? pufjyif&rHk sm;udk Munfch sifMuaomfvnf; Munfch sderf &yg/ blwm&kw
H iG f rD;&xm;
u uRefawmfwkdYudk apmifhaeojzifh cyfokwfokwfqif;cJhMu&onf/
(5)
erfhyef,Gef;acsmif;ab;u xa&mfvD
blwm&kHum; ukef;awGMum;u csKdifh0Srf;xJrSm &Sdavonf/
blwm&kHonf blwm&kHqkdaomfvnf; rD;&xm;vrf;wkdY vmqkHonfhvrf;qkHwpfckrQomjzpf
yg\/ vm;&Id;rS xGufvmonfhrD;&xm;onf erwlodkYa&mufatmif vmonfr[kwf/ erwlESifh
15 rkdifcefYavmufa0;onfh erfharQmfqkdonfhblwm&kHuav;wGif vrf;qkH;oGm;avonf/ erfharQmf
rS erwltxd vrf;rSm xa&mfvDrsm;om oGm;EkdifonfhESpfayus,fonfhoHvrf;usOf;uav;jzpf
onf/ erwlrS abmfwGif;odkYoGm;vQifvnf; onfxa&mfvDuav;awGESifhyif oGm;&onf/
blwm&kH&Sd&m csKdifhxJwGif avmf&Dum;wpfpif;avmufom&Sdonfhxa&mfvDuav; &yfxm;
onf/ uRefawmfwkdYudk &yfapmifhaeonfhxa&mfvDjzpfyg\/ uRefawmfwkdY xa&mfvDay:odkYwuf
NyD; twefMumonfw
h idk f awmfawmfEiS rhf xGuaf o;/ xa&mfvaD y:wGif vlawGjynfo
h nfw
h idk v
f nf;
rxGuaf o;/ xa&mfvaD y;wGif qHyif&n
S &f n
S Ef iS v
hf il ,fav; 5 a,mufukd awG&Y onf/ olwu
Ydk m;
pufrIwuodkvfrS qif;vmonfhvli,ftif*sifeD,mrsm;jzpf\/ olwkdYxJwGif csif;trsKd;om;vl
i,fwpfa,mufvnf; ygonf/ yg;tdeYk eD ED iS chf yf00 trsKd;orD;BuD;wpfa,mufrmS uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd
vmac:onf'h rk idk ;f csKyfO;D nDEiS phf um;ajymaeonf/ owKaumfyadk &;&Si;f &k;H rS trIxrf;trsKd;orD;
jzpfonf[k od&onf/ xkdYjyif erwlodkYvmMuonfhabmfwGif;rS tvkyform;rsm;? tdrfaxmifpk
rsm;udkvnf; awGY&onf/ wcsKdUvnf; erwlokdY vm aps;0,fMujcif; jzpf\/
xa&mfvDuav;ay:wGif vl 20 avmuf uwfuwfowfowf vkdufMu&onf/ wpfpif;
vkH; vljynfhoGm;onfhwkdif xa&mfvD rxGufao;/ nae 4 em&Dxkd;awmhrnf/ xkdxufaemufus
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

29

taMumif;udk pkHprf;Munfh&m uRefawmfwkdY rvmao;txifjzifh xa&mfvDq&m aps;0,f


xGufoGm;aomaMumifh olYudk apmifhaejcif;jzpfonf[k od&avonf/
pifppf xkdxa&mfvDonf aps;0,fvmonfhxa&mfvD r[kwf/ nwGif uRefawmfwkdY a[m
ajymyGJrD&ef txl;tpDtpOftjzpf xGufvmonfhxa&mfvDjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif xa&mfvDq&m
onf tdrfqkdifuav; zGifhxm;ojzifh MuKHwkef;MuHKckduf qkdifwif&ef ypnf;uav;bmav; oGm;
0,fjcif;jzpfonf/ OD;nDum; tjyKH;rysufyg/ olYtvkyform;rsm;taMumif;udk olodoljzpfyg
onf/
]]uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm tppt&m&m &Sm;yg;awmh 'DvkdyJ wpfzufwpfvrf;u 0ifaiGuav;
bmav;&atmif vkyfMu&w,fq&m? tckxa&mfvD'&kdifbmqkd&if uav;awG trsm;BuD;/ 'D
awmh tdrfrSm aps;qkdifuav;wnfxm;w,f/ abmfwGif;rSmusawmh awmifMum;xJrSm 'Dvlpku
av;&Sdwm wpfa,muftaMumif; wpfa,muf em;vnfaeMuNyD/ udpr&Sdygbl;q&m? a[majym
yGJ rDygw,f}}[k OD;nDu uRefawmfwkdYudk ajymonf/
cPMumvQif xa&mfvDq&monf ypnf;awGxnfhxm;onfhjcif;awmif;wpfvkH;udk xrf;
um jyefa&mufvmavonf/
]]q&ma& tdrfu ypnf;av;awG oGm;0,faevkdY aemufusoGm;w,fq&m}}[k OD;nDudk
awmif;yefonf/
]]&ygw,fuGm? tcsdefrD&if NyD;wmygyJ}}[kqkdum OD;nDonf ol 0,fvmonfhaps;EIef;awG
udk ar;aeonf/
OD;nDrmS &efuek o
f m;jzpfavonf/ toufu 40 ausmfavmuf &Sad eavNyD/ t&yfaxmif
axmifarmif;armif;? tom;ndKndK? rkdif;xJodkY qif;&aomtif*sifeD,mtvkyfESifhudkufnDaom
um,AvrsKd;&Sdoljzpfonf/ pmayudk 0goemyg uRefawmfwkdYpmawG tawmfrsm;rsm;udk zwf
zl;onf/ pum;ajymawmhvnf; at;at;aq;aq;? wnfwnfNidrfNidrf? ukd,fcEmuom tif
*sifeD,mwpfa,muf\udk,fcEmrsKd;jzpfaomfvnf; pum;ajymykHESifhtrlt&mwkdYrSm wuokdvfrS
uxduwpfa,mufESifhwlygonf/
OD;nDonf xa&mfvDq&mESifhqufqH&mrSmomru rkdif;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;ESifhqufqH&m
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vQif toGm;& tvm&cufonf/ xkdYjyif nwGif abmfwGif; a[majymyGJvnf; &Sdao;onf/

30

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

rSmvnf; av;av;pm;pm;? ,Of,Ofaus;aus; qufqHonfudk uRefawmfwkdY wpfavQmufvkH;


awGYcJh&onf/ OD;nDomruyg abmfwGif;rS t&m&Sdawmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf tvkyform;rsm;ESifh
qufqH&mwGif rdom;pkqufqHa&;rsKd;jzifh qufqHMuonfudk uRefawmfwkdY owdjyKrdcJhMuonf/
vlpkonfhtcgwGif uRefawmfwkdYudk wifaqmifvmonfhxa&mfvDonf erwlrS xGufvm
avonf/ ESpfayom&SdonfhoHvrf;uav;ay:wGif xa&mfvDonf t&Sdefjyif;jyif;ESifhajy;ae
onf/ xa&mfvDudk yxrqkH; pD;zl;onfhuRefawmfwkdYtzkdYum; tawGYtMuKHopfwpfckaywnf;/
erwlu xGufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf xa&mfvDonf awmifMum;awGxJodkYa&mufoGm;av
onf/ awmifMum;awGxw
J iG f acsmif;uav;wpfacsmif;u a>rwpfaumifweG o
Yf vkd auGaY umuf
pD;qif;aeonf/ erwEl iS ahf bmfwiG ;f vrf;wGif ajrjyef[
Y
l vk;H vk;H r&S/d acsmif;uav; pD;aeonfh
eHab;wpfavQmufwGifom rqkdpavmuf ajrjyefYuav;&Sdonf/ oHvrf;rSm xkdacsmif;eHab;t
wkid ;f uyfazmufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ab;wpfzufwpfcsufwiG rf l ay 4000 ausmf? 5000 eD;yg;
jrifhonfhawmifuwkH;BuD;awG rkd;umydwfqD;vsuf/
acsmif;uav;u odyfrus,fvSyg/ ajrmif;omomrQom&SdNyD; tus,fqkH;qkdonfhae&m
wGifrS 10 ayavmufom &Sdonf/ xdkacsmif;udk t*FvdyfwkdY Sterne River [kac:NyD; a'ocHwkdYu
erfyh ef,eG ;f acsmif;[kac:Muonf/ erfyh ef,eG ;f acsmif;onf erwt
l aemufbuf a&a0uke;f wef;
wpfae&mrS pD;qif;vmcJhNyD;aemuf abmfwGif;ukd jzwfpD;um erwlodkYta&mufwGif erwljrpfxJ
odkY pD;0ifavonf/ xkdacsmif;a&um; bmrQokH; r&yg/ abmfwGif;rS owKaq;ojzifh abmf
wGif;atmufodkYa&mufaomtcg acsmif;a&rSm npfywfrnf;ykyfaeavNyD/
xa&mfvDuav;onf wpfzufwpfcsufwGif rkd;xdjrifhonfhawmifMum;BuD;xJrSm tawmf
Mumckwfaeonf/ vrf;ab;wGif vm;&Id;odkYtvm av,mOfysHay;rSjrif&onfh awmifuwkH;ckH;ckH;
BuD;rsm;rSm abmfwGif;wpf0kdufrS awmifwef;BuD;rsm;jzpfavonf/ vrf;wpfavQmufwGif tyif
[l rawGY&/ &Srf;jynfe,fwGif rif;rlaeonfh,mrkef;avmhyef;ac: awmyef;&kdif;jzLjzLrsm;udk
om jrif&\/
xa&mfvo
D nf awmifMum;vrf;usOf;uav;twkid ;f armif;vmcJNh yD;aemuf wjznf;jznf;
txufodkY wufvmonf/ erfhyef,Gef;acsmif;uvnf; uRefawmfwkdYab;rS pD;qif;aeqJjzpfyg
onf/ cPMumawmh xa&mfvDonf &yfoGm;\/
]]awmufavQmufwufvkdY r&bl;q&m&JU? abmfwGif;u ay 3000 ausmfrSm&Sdw,f/ 'g
aMumifh vGef;xkd;eJYwuf&w,f}}[k OD;nDu ajymonf/
oD[&wempmay

vGef;xkd;vrf;rSm uavmtwufu rD;&xm;vrf; vGef;xkd;avmuf rus,fyg/ awmif


urf;yg;,Hukd uyfazmufxm;onfv
h rf;uav; jzpfygonf/ xa&mfvq
D &monf a&SUcef;rS *D,m
tkHBuD;udk jzKwfvmNyD; aemufcef;wGif wyfonf/ vGef;xkd;twufjzpf apmapmu aemufcef;
jzpfaeaomtcef;onf a&SU'&kdifbmtcef;jzpfoGm;onf/ cPMumvQif xa&mfvDonf &yfjyef
\/ xa&mfvDq&muvnf; apmapmutwkdif; *D,mtkHudk jzKwfNyD; aemufcef;odkYoGm;wyfum
wufarmif;jyefonf/ aemufwpfcsKd;wpfcsKd;odYk a&mufjyefonft
h cgwGiv
f nf; a&SUenf;wl *D,m
tkHudkjzKwfNyD; a&SUcef;ajymif;wyfvkduf vkyfaeonfrSm tBudrfaygif;ra&Ekdifawmh/ usm;pcef;
qkdonfhpcef;wpfckudk vGefNyD;onfhtcgwGifrl uRefawmfwkdY xa&mfvDonf awmifapmif;tjrifh
BuD;ay:a&mufaeavNyD/ erfyh ef,eG ;f acsmif;uav;onf atmufwiG f usef&pfcNhJ yD/ acsmif;ab;
uGuv
f yfwiG f tvkyo
f rm;wkt
Yd rd rf sm;udk jrif&onf/ atmufrmS omr[kw?f uRefawmfwt
Ydk xuf
awmifurf;yg;,HwGifvnf; ar;wifaqmufxm;onfhtvkyform;wdkYtdrfrsm;udk jrif&onf/
rsufESmcsif;qkdif awmifurf;yg;,Hjrifhjrifhay:wGifvnf; tdrfawG? rD;yGifhawG wvufvufESifh/
abmfwGif;onf refqHa&usrS a&tm;vQyfppf"mwfukd&ojzifh rD;azmazmoDoD &onf/ owK
vkyfief;ESifhvlaetdrfajcrsm;twGuf wpfvvQif vQyfppf"mwftm; ,lepfaygif; q,fodef;okH;pGJ
onf[k od&avonf/
wpfae&mwGif &xm;vrf;ab; vlawGtkHNyD; atmufodkY ikHYMunfhaeMuonfudk jrif&ojzifh
uRefawmfwkdYvnf; awmifurf;yg;,HwGif w&dyf&dyfajy;aeonfhxa&mfvDay:rS olwkdYenf;wl
atmufodkYikHYMunfhrdMuonf/ tjcm;r[kwfyg/ atmufrS erfhyef,Gef;acsmif;ab; uGufvyfu
av;&Sd abmvkH;uGif;u abmvkH;yGJudk Munfhaejcif; jzpfygonf/ abmupm;olrsm;udk yDyDao;
ao;om jrif&onf/
]]tJ'g &yfuGuf trSwf(2)u abmyGJ q&m/ abmfwGif;u 'DawmifMum;ESpfckxJu pD;vm
wJhacsmif;uav;twkdif; &yfuGufwnfxm;wm/ 'Dtwkdif; txufudk wufoGm;&if &yfuGuf
aygif; 7 ck&Sdw,f/ acsmif;ab;rSm uGufvyfr&Sdawmh tvkyform;wef;vsm;awGtwGuf ae&m
ray;Ekdifbl;/ upm;uGif;awGvkyfzdkY csefxm;&w,f/ tvkyform;wef;vsm;awGuawmh ckvkd
awmifapmif;awGay;rSm aqmufxm;&w,f/
OD;nDu ajymjyonf/
uRefawmfonf w&kwfjynfu csKHuif;NrdKUudk oGm; trSwf&rdavonf/ csKHuif;onf
vnf; awmifapmif;awG? awmifurf;yg;,HawGay:rSm aqmufxm;onfNh rdKUjzpfavonf/ ,efpD
jrpfESifh0SrfykdjrpfwkdYu awmifatmufwGif pD;qif;vsuf/ awmifapmif;ay:wGifvnf; vrf;us,f
BuD;awG azmufxm;NyD; xkdvrf;us,fBuD;rsm;ay:wGif ,mOftrsKd;rsKd;wkdY O'[kdajy;aeMuonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

31

32

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

abmfwiG ;f wnfaeykEH iS chf sKHuif;wnfaeyko


H nf twlwyl ifjzpfygonf/ NrdKUBuD;jcif;ESiihf ,f
jcif;? olwu
Ydk acwfrt
D ok;H taqmifawG wyfqifxm;Ekid jf cif;om uGmygonf/ &Icif;&Iuu
G o
f nf
bmrQ rjcm;vSyg/
uRefawmfwkdYpD;vmonfhxa&mfvDonf awmifapmif;u tdrfuav;wpfvkH;a&SUwGif &yf
vku
d o
f nf/ tdraf &SUrSm 0&efwmuav;ESi/hf OD;nDonf xkt
d rd u
f av;ay:rSjzwfNyD; uRefawmfwYdk
udk OD;aqmifac:iifoGm;avonf/ xkdtdrfuav;ay:odkYwufoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYvnf; olY
aemufrS vdkufoGm;Muonf/ wpfzufwHcg;aygufta&mufwGif OD;nDonf awmifapmif;wGif&Sd
onfhvloGm;vrf;uav;twkdif; ac:oGm;jyefonf/
yxraomf olrsm;aetdrfay:u jzwfqif;vmojzifh uRefawmfwkdY wtHhwMo jzpfaeMu
ao;onf/
pkHprf;MunfhonfhtcgwGifrS tdrfr[kwfbJ blwm&kHjzpfrSef; od&avonf/ twefMumoGm;
rdvQif abmfwiG ;f NrdKUv,foYkd a&mufavonf/ NrdKUv,fqadk omfvnf; vrf;onf ydrk us,fvmyg/
erfyh ef,eG ;f acsmif;ab;wGif azmufxm;onfw
h pfcw
k nf;aomvrf;usOf;uav; jzpfygonf/ NrdKU
v,f[kqdkvkduf&jcif;rSm &kyf&Sif&kH? aps;? ukefpkHqkdif? tm;upm;&kHwkdY&SdonfhtwGuf qkd&jcif;jzpfyg
onf/ acsmif;uav;udk jzwful;onfhwHwm;wpfckteD;odkY a&mufvQif OD;nDu &yf
]]'Dvrf;twkdif; wufoGm;&if rkdif;eJYtvkyform;&yfuGufawGukd a&mufw,f/ reufjzef
us&if vkdufjyzdkY tpDtpOfvkyfxm;ygw,f/ ck q&mwkdYwnf;&r,fhae&muawmh 'DbufrSmyg?
rkdif;u {nfh&dyfomaygh}}
OD;nDonf ajrmif;uav;omomavmufrQom&Sdonfh erfhyef,Gef;acsmif;udk jzwfxm;
aom wHwm;uav;wpfckudk ausmfNyD;vQif uRefawmfwkdYudk ukef;jrihfwpfckqDodkY ac:oGm;av
onf/ vrf;ab;awmifurf;yg;,Hrsm;ay:wGif vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;puf&kHrsm;? tvkyf&kHrsm;?
&kH;rsm;&SdMuonf/ xkdtaqmufttkHawGem;u jzwfNyD; avSum;xpfuav;rsm;twkdif; ukef;
uav;wpfckay:odkY wufvkdufvQif {nfh&dyfomodkYa&mufavonf/
{nfh&dyfomrSm t*FvdyfukrPDvufxufu aqmufcJhonfh{nfh&dyfomjzpfonf/ t*Fvdyf
bef*vkdrsm;xkH;pHtwkdif; opfom;jzifh aqmufxm;NyD; twGif;bufeH&Hrsm;udk oabFmaq;jzL
okwfxm;onf/ vQmxkd;Murf;cif;rSm ajymifvufaeay\/
npmudkrl tvkyform;&dyfomokdY oGm;pm;&avonf/ bm[if;awGrSef;awmh rrSwfrd
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

33

npmpm;NyD;awmh em;csdefr&yg/ aqmif;wGif;jzpf tarSmifxkonf &kwfw&uf NydKqif;


vmonf/ awmifMum;xJa&mufaeojzifh ydkarSmifonfxif&\/ abmfwGif;onf awmifMum;
xJwGif jzwfpD;oGm;onfherfhyef,Gef;acsmif;uav;udk ajrmif wnfxm;onfhNrdKUjzpf&m [dkbuf
awmifurf;yg;,HEiS o
hf nfbufawmifurf;yg;,HMum;onf bmrQruGm/ tus,fq;Hk ae&mqkv
d Qif
ukduf 200 avmufom &Sdvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/ xkdae&muav;wGif NrdKUv,fvrf;
eSifhaps;&SdNyD; tdrfrsm;udk awmifurf;yg;,HawGay:wGif aqmufxm;&onf/
tapmBuD;&Sad o;aomfvnf; pmqkad wmf a[majymyGu
J sif;yonf&h yk &f iS &f w
Hk iG f vlawGa&muf
aeavNyD/ abmfwiG ;f y&dowfonf vli,fy&dowf? tvkyo
f rm;y&dowfjzpf pmayudk pdw0f if
pm;Muonf/ awmifMum;xJwGif wjcm;b,fudkrS oGm;p&mr&Sdojzifh pmayukd pdwfr0ifpm;olwkdY
uvnf; apmapmpD;pD; a&mufvmMuonf/
a[majymyGu
J kd nae 6 em&Dcw
JG iG f pavonf/ uRefawmfwYdk usif;ycJo
h rQaom pmqkad wmf
a[majymyGJrsm;wGif tapmqkH;yGJygwnf;/ uRefawmfwkYdav;a,muf a[majymvkdufMuonfrSm
12 em&DcrJG S NyD;awmhonf/ y&dowfuvnf; 5 em&Dcv
JG ;Hk vk;H pdwyf g0ifpm;pGm em;axmifMuonf/

(6)
uAsmq&mrsm;
0D&d,aumif;aomOD;nDonf aemufwpfaeYreufwGif tapmBuD;a&mufvmavonf/
rkid ;f xJoYkd qif;&ef uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd vmac:jcif;jzpfonf/ awmifurf;yg;,H&dS &dyo
f mrS NrdKUv,fu
wpfckwnf;aom vrf;rBuD;udkqif;NyD; xkdrS armfawmfum;jzifh awmifMum;txufydkif;odkYwufcJh
onf/ awmifMum;txufwpfae&mta&mufwGif OD;nDonf oH0if;x&HawG umxm;onfh0if;
BuD;wpfckodkY csKd;0ifvkdufonf/
]]uJ q&mwkdYa& q&mwkdYt0wftpm;awGudk cRwfNyD; rkdif;xJudk qif;wJh,leDazmif;awGudk
0wf&vdrfhr,f}}
OD;nDu toifh,laqmifvmaomt0wftpm;rsm;ukd xkwfay;ygonf/ uRefawmfwkdY
onf xkdae&mrSmyif t0wftpm;vJMu&\/ tvkyform;awG 0wfonfhtjyma&mifabmif;bD
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

awmh/ odkY&mwGif reufpm vGwfcJhaom uRefawmfwkdYwpfodkuf qmqmESifhtm;&yg;& pm;vkdufMu


onf/

34

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

&Snf? tjyma&miftus&SnfBuD;awGudk 0wfMu&onf/ rkdif;xJwGif pD;onfh om;a&zdeyf&SnfBuD;


rsm;udk pD;Mu&onf/ oHcarmufudk aqmif;Mu&onf/ bufx&Dtkd;csdwfxm;onfhcg;ywfudk cg;
rSm ywfMu&onf/ oHcarmufwGif xdyftkyfrD;yGifhudk wyfMu&onf/
qif;cgeD;wGif blrad A't&m&Sw
d pfa,mufu abmfwiG ;f rkid ;f wnfae&m yx0Dtaetxm;
udk um;csyfrsm;jzifh &Sif;jyonf/
uRefawmfonf ol ajymjyoGm;onfah jrtrsKd;tpm;? ausmufvmT trsKd;pm;rsm;udk tukef
vkduf rrSwfEkdifyg/ abmfwGif;rkdif;onf blrdaA'oabmt& ,leef jywfa&GUBuD;ESifhawmifykdif
jywfa&TUBuD;ESpfckMum;wGif wnf&Sdonfqkdonfavmufudkom rSwfvkdufEdkifygonf/
abmfwGif;\orkdif;onf &Srf;jynfe,f\orkdif;vkd xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fonfhorkdif;jzpfav
onf/ abmfwGif;udk 13 &mpkESpfavmufuwnf;u w&kwfrsm;u awGY&SdoGm;um owKwl;azmf
usKdcsufa&;vkyfief;udk vkyfudkifcJhMuonf[k tDwvDc&D;onfwpfOD;jzpfaom rmukdydkvkd\rSwf
wrf;rsm;wGif awGY&onf/ 1840 ckESpf abmfwGif;rS r[mar'if bmom0if w&kwftvkyform;
rsm;onf ykid &f iS w
f &kwrf sm;udk ykeu
f efum ,leefojYkd yefomG ;cJMh uavonf/ rEav;udk t*Fvyd o
f Ykd
odr;f NyD;aemufwiG f abmfwiG ;f onfvnf; NAdwo
d Qtifyg,m\tpdwt
f ykid ;f wpfcjk zpfvmcJo
h nf/
t*FvdyfwkdYonf xdktcsdeftxd abmfwGif;udk rawGYMuao;/ 1906 ckESpfwGif erwlrS &Srf;trsKd;
om;wpfa,mufonf &efukefodkYqif;vmum cJrsm;udk vma&mif;onfhtcgwGif;rS t*FvdyfwkdY
onf xko
d wif;udk teH&Y oGm;um pkpH rf;a&;rpf&iS w
f pfcu
k kd apvTwcf o
hJ nf/ wGif w&kww
f x
Ydk m;
ypfcJhaom wl;azmfNyD;om; cJwefcsdef ESpfodef;cefYudk awGYoGm;cJhonf/ t*FvdyfwkdY\tqkdt& xkd
awG&Y cdS sufonf owKwl;azmfa&;orkid ;f wGif tBuD;us,fq;Hk aom awG&Y cdS sufBuD;wpf&yfjzpfonf
[k qkdygonf/ t*FvdyfwkdYu xkdae&mwpf0dkufwGif awmrsm;udk quf&Sif; qufvuf&SmazGonfh
tcgwGif opfom;axmufwjYdk zifh tustewl;azmfxm;onfrh idk ;f ESirhf idk ;f wGi;f odYk 0ifonht
f ayguf
wku
Yd kd awGo
Y mG ;cJo
h nf/ rkid ;f xJwiG f cJ? oGyEf iS ahf iGwYdk a&mpyfaeonfo
h wKwk;H trsm;tjym;ukd awGY
&onf/ w&kwfrsm;onf aiGom;udk xkwf,lNyD;aemuf oGyfESihfcJwkdYudk ro,fEkdifojzifh xm;ypfcJh
Muonf/ t*FvdyfwkdYonf wGif The Great Eastern Mining Company udk wnfaxmifum owK
wl;azmfa&;vkyfief;udk vkyfudkifchJMuonf/ xdkYaemuf xdkukrPDjyKwfoGm;aomtcg bm;rm;rkdif;
aumfykda&;&Sif;udk wnfaxmifcJhMuNyD;aemuf owKwl;azmfa&;vkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifcJh
onfwGif urm tcsrf;omqkH;aom rkdif;ukrPDwpf&yf jzpfvmcJhavonf/
xkt
d csdet
f xd bm;rm;rkid ;f onf owKwl;azmfa&;udk rvkyEf idk af o;/ w&kww
f Ydk xm;cJo
h nfh
acsmfcJrsm;udk vkdufvHpkaqmif;a&mif;csonfhtqifhwGif &Sdao;onf/ 1903 ckESpfwGifrS owK
wl;azmfa&;vkyfief;udk vkyfEkdifcJhonf[kqkdonf/ 1913 ckESpfwGifrS bm;rm;rkdif;onf xdkpOfu
oD[&wempmay

urmwGif t<u,f0qkH;qkdaom w&kwfabmfaMumBuD;udk awGY&SdoGm;cJhavonf/ 1914 ckESpfwGif


ay 9000 &Snaf om usm;pcef;vkP
d rf udk azmufvyk Nf yD;pD;cJo
h nf/ ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif ygrD,pH u
dk f
uGif;udkvnf; azmufvkyfNyD;pD;cJhonf/ olwkdYawGY&SdcJhonfhowKaMumonf owK&kdif;wefcsdef 11
oef;&SdNyD; owK&kdif;wefcsdef wpfwefvQif aiGyg0ifEIef; 17. 7 atmifpcefY&Sdrnf[k bm;rm;rkdif;
aumfydka&;&Sif;u cefYrSef;cJhavonf/
a&S;acwfwkef;u aiGonf txkwfvkyf&cufojzifh a&Txuf ESpfqcGJrQ tzkd;wefonf[k
od&avonf/
ppfBuD;twGif;wkef;u abmfwGif;udk *syefrsm;u qufvufvkyfudkifcJhMuNyD; ppfNyD;onfh
tcgwGif bm;rm;rkdif;aumfydka&;&Sif;u qufvufvkyfudkifcJhonf/ xkdYaemufwGif jrefrmtpkd;&
ESifhzufpyfum bm;rm;rkdif;aumfydka&;&Sif;(1951)vDrdwufudk wnfaxmifcJhNyD; 1965 ckESpfwGif
jynfolykdifodrf;cJhonf/
1979 ck? atmufwkdbmv pm&if;t& abmfwGif;wGif vkyfaeonfhtvkyform;OD;a&rSm
ajratmufvkyfom; 1900 &SdNyD; ajray:vkyfom; 800 &Sdonf[k od&onf/
uRefawmfwkdYudk rkdif;xJvkdufydkYrnfh'krdkif;csKyfOD;nDum; umuDabmif;bDwdk? umuDtuswkd
udk 0wfxm;NyD; acgif;wGif wkdyDac: azmhOD;xkyfudk aqmif;xm;onf/
ajratmufrS wufvmonfh"mwfavSum;udk apmifh&if; OD;nDu ajratmufowKrkdif;t
aMumif;ukd &Sif;jyonf/
]]ck uRefawmfwkdYqif;r,fhajratmufowKwGif;u tvsm;ay 5300 &Sdw,fq&m? teH
u ay 400 &dSNyD; ajratmufteufu ay 1700 &Sdw,f/ txyfaygif; 14 xyf&dSw,f/ 14
xyfu atmufqkH;txdyfqkdygawmh/ uRefawmhfoabmuawmh atmufqkH;xyftxd vkdufMunfh
apcsifygw,f/ enf;enf;awmh touf&SLusyfw,fcifAsmh/ atmufqkH;txyfxdatmif rqif;
Ekdif&ifawmif 10 xyf? 11 xyfavmuftxdawmh vkdufapcsifygw,f/ q&mwkdYrkdif;taMumif;?
rkdif;tvkyform;awGtaMumif; odoGm;wmaygh/ 11 xyfavmufqkd&if ajratmuf ay 1200
avmuf&SdrSmaygh}}
uRefawmfonf opfacsmuf ausmufrD;aoG;rkdif; ajratmuf ajcmufxyfavmuftxd
a&mufzl;ygonf/ opfacsmuf ausmufrD;aoG;rdkif;rSm qifajcavQmtwkdif; ajcvsifqif;&onfh
rkdif;jzpfonf/ abmfwGif;um; "mwfavSum;jzifh atmufodkY wef;wef;BuD;qif;oGm;&onfhrkdif;
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

35

36

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jzpfavonf/
cPMumvQif "mwfavSum; ajrjyifodkY a&mufvmum wHcg;yGifhvmojzifh uRefawmfwkdY
tm;vkH; "mwfavSum;odkY0ifvkdufMuonf/
"mwfavSum;onf rnf;arSmifaeaom ajrwGif;BuD;xJodkYqif;vmcJhonf/ pGwfpkdaom
ajrBuD;eHEY iS b
hf meHrY eS ;f cGjJ cm;rodEidk af ompdr;f a&Ta&TteHw
Y pfrsKd;udk &\/ wcsKdUtxyfrsm;wGif rD;
uav;awG wvufvufESifhtvkyfvkyfaeMuaom tvkyform;rsm;udk &dyfcJeJ jrifvkduf&onf/
wcsKdU uRefawmfwkdYudk vufjyEIwfquf usef&pfcJhMuonf/ 12 xyfodkYa&mufonhftcgwGif "mwf
avSum;onf &yfoGm;um wHcg;yGifhvmavonf/
]]q&mwkdY rjrif&&if rD;cvkwfukd zGifhNyD; vkdufcJhMuaemf}}
OD;nDonf oHvrf;wpfavQmufwGif uRefawmfwkdYudk ac:oGm;onf/ rkdif;xJwGif wl;NyD;
owKrsm;udk ydkYaqmif&eftwGuf oHvrf;t&Snfrkdifaygif; 10 rkdif&Sdonf[k od&avonf/
oHvrf; ZvDzm;wkH;awGay:udk uRefawmfwkdY BudK;pm;avQmufMuaomfvnf; aumif;
aumif; ravQmufEidk Mf uyg/ atmuf &TUH AGuaf wGjzpfum a&pkad eojzifh rMumcP acsmfvMJ uonf/
xdyt
f yk rf ;D yGiahf wGukd zGix
hf m;onfw
h idk f uRefawmfwYdk rsufprd sm;rSm usifo
h m;r&ao;aomaMumifh
renf;oGm;,l&ygonf/ OD;nDum; ajratmufowKwGif;udk ajrjyifyrm oabmxm;um a&SUrS
cyfokwfokwfavQmufaeavonf/
ajratmufOrifBuD;xJwiG f opfom;wkid af wG axmufxm;onf/ ab;rSvnf; ajrNydKrus
atmif opfom;awGudk pDNyD; xm;onf/ wcsdKUajrrmrsm;ukdum; opfom;wef; pDrxm;bJ e*kd
twkdif;yif xm;avonf/ wpfae&mwGif owK&kdif;wkH;BuD;rsmudk rD;&xm;wGJyufvufuav;
ay:odkY wifaeaomtvkyform;rsm;ukd awGY&onf/
trsm;tm;jzifh awmifwiG ;f BuD;? ausmufyef;awmif;? rauG;? qdyjf zL? rif;bl;ponfah jr
vwfa'oESifha&Tbkd? a&OD;? uefYbvlponfhtxufjrefrmjynfrS vli,frsm;jzpfMuonf/ ajr
atmufvkyfom;wpfa,muf\wpfaeYvkyfcrSm 15 usyf 64 jym;jzpfNyD; ajray:vkyfom;wpf
a,muf\vkyfcrSm 11 usyf 62 jym; jzpfonf[k od&\/
ausmufurf;yg;BuD;wpfae&mwGif pmwef;awG xkd;xm;onfudk awGY&onf/ ]rif;b0
vnf; vjynfhn? ukd,fhb0u vrkdufn}wJh/ tvkyform;vli,fav;wpfOD;\&ifckefoHjzpfyg
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

37

wpfae&mwGif umAkdufrD;cGufjzifh pmzwfaeol tvkyform;vli,fwpfOD;udk awGY&\/


olt
Y vkycf sdeNf yD; "mwfavSum;apmif&h if; pmzwfaejcif;jzpfavonf/ umAku
d rf ;D cGurf S umAku
d f
rD;awmufonf t&Sdefjyif;jyif;jzifh awmufaeav\/
]]'DumAkdufrD;awGu rkdif;u ay;wmawGvm;}}
]][kwfw,fq&m? ajratmuf tvkyform;wpfa,mufukd umAkdufrD;tdrfwpfvkH;pDay;
xm;w,f/ umAkdufxnhfNyD; xGef;&w,f/ wpfcgxnfhxm;&if av;ig;vawmh cHygw,f}}
uRefawmfonf umAkdufrD;cGufESifhpmzwfaeonfhtvkyform;vli,fESifhpum;ajymMunfh
onf/
awmifwGif;BuD;e,fom; armifxGef;td[k od&avonf/
]]b,fESpfwef;xdatmif oifcJhzl;ovJuG}}
]]7 wef;cifAs}}
]]aemufawmh bmvkyfovJ}}
]]'Drvmcifwkef;uawmh awmifolvkyfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh rESpfu rkd;acgifawmh ESrf;wkdYyJ
wkYd aumif;umif;r&bl;/ &Sw
d EhJ mG ;uav;wpf&OS ;f jyKwfomG ;wmeJY abmfwiG ;f udv
k mNyD; tvkyv
f yk f
wmyg}}[k ajymjyavonf/
armifxGef;tdum; pufrIvkyfom;b0odkY ajymif;vmonfhajr,mvkyfom;jzpfavonf/
erwal bmfwiG ;f rS tvkyo
f rm;trsm;tjym;onf armifxeG ;f tdvydk if ajrjyefrY S wufvmMuaom
ajr,mvkyfom;a[mif;rsm; jzpfMuavonf/
olonf umAkdufrD;cGufjzifh &kyfjyZmwfvrf;wpfckudk zwfaeavonf/
]]0wKwkdY bmwkdYaum rzwfbl;vm;}}
]]zwfygw,fcifAs? q&mwdaYk &;wJ0h wKawGuv
kd J zwfz;l ygw,f? q&ma&;wJ]h "m;awmif}ukd
vJ uRefawmfzwfzl;ygw,f}}[k armifxGef;tdu ajymjyonf/
]]rif;rSm cspfolwkdYbmwkdY r&Sdbl;vm;}}
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

onf/ xkdYjyif ajratmufeH&HtESHYtjym;wGif uAsmwkduav;awG? pmwkduav;awGudk uRefawmf


wkdY awGY&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYtcsif;csif; ajymrdMuonf/ ]]ajratmuf uAsmq&mawGav}}[k/

38

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

uRefawmfwkdYu ar;onf/ armifxGef;tdonf bmrQrajzbJ jyKH;aeavonf/


]]ckawmh r&Sdao;ygbl;/ tdrfaxmifa&;udkvJ pdwfrul;Ekdifao;ygbl;q&m? EGm;uav;
wpf&SOf;avmuf tazhudk 0,fay;csifvkdY ykdufqHpkaeygw,f/ ckawmh tazhqDukd 500 avmufydkY
NyD;ygNyD}}
abmfwiG ;f rS tvkyo
f rm;trsm;pkrmS 20 wpf0u
kd f vli,frsm;jzpfMuNyD; vlvw
G rf sm;jzpfMu
onf/ abmfwGif;ESifhusm;pcef;wGif&SdonfhvlOD;a&aygif 10000 avmufwGif olwkdYonf trsm;
pkjzpfygonf/ usefvOl ;D a&rSm rScD o
dk rl o
d m;rsm;jzpfMu\/ rlvwef;ausmif; ok;H ausmif;? tv,f
wef;ausmif;wpfausmif;ESifhwGJzuftxufwef;ausmif; wpfausmif;&Sdonf/ bm;rm;aumfykd
a&;&Sif;u aqmufcJhonfha&ul;uefESifhwif;epfuGif;rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/
12 xyfodkYa&mufonhftcgwGif uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG touf&SLusyfvmonf/ opf
acsmufausmufrD;aoG;rkdif;udk uRefawmf qif;cJhzl;aomfvnf; onfavmuf eufeuf rqif;cJho
jzifh bmrQrjzpfcJhyg/ abmfwGif;rkdif;wGifrl uRefawmfwkdYonf ajratmuf ay 1200 avmuftxd
qif;cJhMuojzifh wpfudk,fvkH; tkdufpyfum touf&SL r0ovkd jzpfaeonf/
]]q&mwkdY touf&SL&wm cufaeNyDvm;}}
OD;nDonf uRefawmfwt
Ydk ajctaeudMk unfu
h m atmufq;Hk xyfoYkd rqif;awmhbJ 12 xyf
rSyif jyefwufvmcJhMuonf/
ajratmufwiG f aEG;aeoavmuf ajray:odYk jyefa&mufonft
h cgwGif uRefawmfww
Ydk awG
ckdufckdufwkefaeMuonf/
abmfwiG ;f um; awmife&H EH pS cf Mk um;wGif &Sad eonfNh rdKUuav;jzpf erwrl mS vkd jrLESi;f awG
a0jcif;r&SdbJ aea&mif0if;vsuf &Sdonf/ odkYwkdifatmifrl tat;"mwfu vGefuJygao;onf/
OD;nDonf ajratmufrkdif;udk jyNyD;aemuf owKrsm;udk aq;onfhtvkyf&kHudk jyonf/
uRefawmfwYdk a&mufonft
h csdew
f iG f owKaq;csdef r[kwo
f jzifh tvkyv
f yk af eonfukd rjrifc&hJ /
owKaq;onft
h vky&f u
Hk kd jyNyD;aemuf OD;nDonf puf&t
Hk xufrS awmifuek ;f odYk auGyY wfaeonfh
armfawmfum;vrf;twkdif; um;udk armif;vmcJhonf/ ajray:rkdif;udk Munfh&efjzpfyg\/
ajray:rkid ;f um; awmifuek ;f awmifxyd w
f iG f wl;xm;onfh Open Pit jzpfavonf/ rk;d wGi;f
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

39

ajray:rkid ;f rS jyefqif;vmNyD; awmifurf;yg;,H auGw


Y pfauGw
Y iG f uRefawmfwYdk "mwfy&Hk u
dk f
Muonf/ xkad e&mrSm vGecf o
hJ nfEh pS u
f vrf;azmufaeonfah jrndpd ufBuD;wpfp;D xk;d usoGm;onfh
ae&mjzpf\/ ajrndpufysufpD;oGm;&kHrSwpfyg; vl bmrQ txdtcdkufr&Sd[k od&avonf/
ajray:rkid ;f &S&d m awmifuek ;f ay:rS qif;vmcJNh yD;vQif OD;nDonf um;udk abmfwiG ;f NrdKU\
wpfckwnf;aom vrf;rBuD;jzpfonfhNrdKUv,fvrf;twkdif; NrdKUtxufydkif;odkYarmif;vmcJhav
onf/ vrf;wpfavQmuf acsmufrsm;? csKdi0hf rS ;f rsm;? urf;yg;,Hrsm;wGif tvkyo
f rm;&yfuu
G rf sm;
udk awGY&ay\/ tvkyform;wef;vsm;rS tdrfcef;rsm;rSm usOf;ajrmif;vSygonf/ tvkyform;
&yfuGuftcsKdUwGif aq;ay;cef;rsm;? upm;uGif;rsm;udk awGY&onf/ NrdKUjyifa&mufaomtcg
armfawmfum;onf csKdi0hf rS ;f xJrS awmifay:odYk auGyY wfwufjyefonf/ abmfwiG ;f NrdKUudk qD;Munfh
xm;onft
h jrifq
h ;Hk aom awmifxyd af y:odw
Yk uf&ef jzpfyg\/ awmifxyd ef m; a&mufvmonft
h
cgwGif tdrfBuD;wpfvkH;avmuf&SdonfhpufBuD;wpfvkH;udk awGY&avonf/ ajrwl;pufvm;? wGif;
wl;pufvm; aumif;aumif; rrSwrf ad wmhyg/ &k&mS ;vkypf ufBuD;wpfv;Hk jzpfNyD; ,cktcsdew
f iG f ok;H
r&awmhojzifh xkdpufBuD;udk ypfxm;&onf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf awmifxdyfa&mufcgeD;wGif um;ay:rS qif;MuNyD; awmifMum;xJwGif
&pfacGp;D aeonfeh rfyh ef,eG ;f acsmif;ESiahf csmif;ab;rS abmfwiG ;f NrdKUuav;udk MunfMh uonf/ qGpf
Zmvefjynf tJhvyfawmifMum;xJrS NrdKUuav;wpfNrdKUESifhwlaeavonf/
OD;nDonf tjrifq
h ;Hk rS jrif&aom abmfwiG ;f NrdKUudk uRefawmfwt
Ydk m; jyoNyD;aemuf abmf
wGif;\tedrfhqkH;aom &yfuGufodkYvnf; ac:oGm;avonf/ tedrfhqkH;tydkif;wGifvnf; tvkyf
orm;&yfuGufawG &Sdonf/ a&ul;uef? abmfvkH;uGif;ponfwkdYvnf;&Sdonf/ xkdae&mteD;wpf
0dkufwGif usm;pcef;qkdonfh&yfuGufwpfck&Sd usm;pcef;ESifhrkdifukd ay 9000 &SnfonfhOrifBuD;
wpfckESifhoG,fxm;onf/ usm;pcef;rS tvkyform;rsm;onf rkdif;xJodkY0ifvQif ajray: vrf;rS
roGm;MuawmhbJ ajratmufvrf;rS oGm;Muavonf/ tvkyform;rsm;udk o,fykdY&eftwGuf
OrifxJwGif &xm;vrf; azmufxm;onf[k od&avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYum; tcsdefr&ojzifh OrifxJodkY r0ifcJhMuawmhyg/

oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

wGif aumif;aumif;rwl;EkdifbJ aEGESifhaqmif;wGifom wl;Ekdifonfhusif;rsKd;jzpf\/

40

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

(7)
abmfwGif;rS tar&dueforwavmif;
nydik ;f wGif tvkyo
f rm;&dyo
f m aqG;aEG;yGu
J sif;yonf/ abmfwiG ;f pmqkad wmfaumfrwD
0ifrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh tvkyform;vli,frsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYtm;vkH; pmzwfMuonf/
,aeYxGufaeaom jrefrm0wKrsm;? r*Zif;rsm;? pmaya0zefa&;? aqmif;yg;rsm;udk zwfum
olwkdYtcsif;csif; rMumcP aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfMuonf/ tcgtm;avsmfpGm eH&Huyfowif;
pmrsm;? vufa&;pmapmifrsm;udk xkwfa0Muonf/ uRefawmfwkdYa&mufaeonfhtcsdefwGif abmf
wGi;f rS tvkyo
f rm;vli,frsm;onf eH&u
H yfowif;pmwpfapmifEiS ]hf awmifxyd yf ef;}qko
d nfv
h uf
a&;pmapmifwpfckudk xkwfa0aeMuonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf olwkdY\eH&Huyfowif;pmESifholwkdYay;vkdufonfh]awmifxdyfyef;}pm
apmifudk zwfMunfhMu\/ 0wK? aqmif;yg;? uAsm? pmaya0zefa&;ponfwkdYrSm tqifhtwef;
redrfhvSyg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh awmifxdyfyef;pmapmifrS wifEGrf;vGif(&Srf;jynfe,f)\]owKodkufxJ
rS acR;pufrsm;}qkdonfhuAsmrSm ajratmufwGif tvkyfvkyf&onfhabmfwGif;rkdif;vkyfom;wkdY\
&kyfykHvTmudk MunfMunfvifvif a&;jc,fjyEkdifonfhuAsmjzpfygonf/ olYuAsmudk zwfMunfhyg/
ae r&Sd
v r&Sd
Mu,f r&Sd
arSmiftwd. . . /
aeY . . .
n. . .
cGJ r&/
taiGaY vmifNrdKuf
acR;NydKuf,dkpD;
aEGrD;vQHavmifjcif; r[kwf/
&GmapGoeG ;f NzdK;
a&usqkd;\
rk;d rif;orD;
tvGrf;BuD;jcif; r[kwf/
aoG;cJrwwf
tat;"mwfpdrfh
oD[&wempmay

aqmif;Zmwf uaejcif;r[kwf/
0J ,m a&SU aemuf
txufatmufcGif
ausmufom; abmfom;
ydwfavSmifxm;/
umAkdufrD;cGuf
tvif;pufi,f
wdkYwGuf r[mtvif;a&mif/
a&xJ &THUxJ
acR;&TJ aoG;&TJ
vJvS,f touf
0uGuftyfESH aorif;xH/
0if;vufNydK;jyuf
aiGpifcufukd
wl;,lxkwfMu ,rf;cGJMu/
ydkufxJu a&
ykdufxJ avESifh
tarmajy aomuf
raoatmif &SL
,rf;ckd;tl teHYjyif;
&SLoGif; &IdufoGif; abmfxkwf&if;/
&Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f
abmfwiG ;f rkid ;f rS
acR;vIdif;vkH;BuD;
tm;oGefpD;ae c&D;&SnfcsDwuf a&SUodkYquf/
awmifay:u acR;puf
ajratmuf acR;puf
acR;puf. . .
acR;puf. . .
wkdYay;qyf&if; tm;opfa0/
umAkdufrD;cGufuav;wpfvkH;jzifh ajratmufrkdif;xJwGif tvkyfvkyf&aom tvkyform;
vli,fwpfa,muf\uAsm jzpfygonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

41

42

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

]awmifxyd yf ef;}pmapmifwiG f pdw0f ifpm;zG,af umif;onft


h jcm;aqmif;yg;wpfy'k rf mS nD
nD(abmfwGif;)jrefrmjyefonfh 1904 ckESpfu abmfwGif;rdkif;odkYa&mufvmaom tar&duefc&D;
onfwpfOD;\rSwfwrf; jzpfygonf/ xkdrSwfwrf;rSm 3-10-74 ckESpfxkwf ]at;&Sm;r*Zif;}wGif
yg&Sdonf[k jrefrmjyefolu azmfjyxm;onf/ olYjrefrmjyefcsufrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpf\/
]]uREkfyfwkdYonf rD;&xm;oHvrf;rS cGJcGmum jrif;udk,fpDjzifh rkd;wpufpuf ,dkaeaom opf
awmBuD;rsm;udk azmufxGif; oGm;Mu&onf/ owKwGif;rsm;rSm awmifxlxyf&m a'owGif&Sd
onfukd awGMY u&onf/ awmifxx
l yf&m[k qkad omfvnf; opfyifrsm;rsm;pm;pm; r&Sad cs/ a&S;vl
wkdYonf owKusKdcsuf&mwGif rD;aoG;tvkYdiSm opfyifrsm;udk tjrpfygrusefatmif Ekwf,lcJhMu
onf[k xif&onf/ olwkdYokH; ukefonfhopfyifrsm;onfvnf; abmfcsufzkdrsm;rS xGufonfh
tqdyfaiGYrsm;aMumifh aoukefMuonf/ ,ckawGY&onfum; rkdif;tenf;i,ftwGif; awmifu
wkH;rsm; jrufzkH;vsuf/ [kdwpfyif onfwpfyif opfyiftenf;i,fudkom awGY&onf/ owKwl;
&m ae&mrsm;um; BuD;rm;us,fjyefYvSygbdawmif;/ tvsm;ay 1000? teHay 500? teuf
ay 300 &Sdaom [if;vif;wGif;BuD;wpfck? acsmfykHBuD;awGuvnf; 100? 200 ru/ OrifvkdPf
acgif;rsm;uvnf; rsm;vSygbd/ ok;H rkid cf &D;wpfavQmufwiG f xkt
d &mwkYd yGa&mif;cwfaeMuonf/
owKwGif;BuD;rsm;udk w&kwfvlrsKd;rsm;u vkyfudkifcJhMuonf/ ,if;wkdY\ocsKif;rsm;
rSm ausmufxGif;? tkwfxGif;pmrsm;u ,if;wkdY\orkdif;pOf? ckESpfou&mZfrsm;udk nTefjyaeMu
onf/ w&kwfwkdY a'o vkyfief;t&Sdef aumif;cJhaomumvum; ou&mZf 1400 rS 1850
Mum;[k cefYrSef;Ekdifygonf/ vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 450 cefYu[kqdkEkdifygonf/ 1850 ckESpfwGif
,leefe,f r[mar'if olykefBuD;jzpfoGm;ojzifh a'o owKwGif;vkyfief;rsm; pcef;odrf;cJh
onf/ w&kwforkdif;pmrsm;wGif a'orSm abmfowKtBuD;tus,f csufvkyfcJhaMumif;udk
aemifwGif uREkfyfwdkY awGYcJh&onf/ ae&mrSm vlolaygufa&muf&ef? oGm;vm&ef cufcJvGef;aom
aMumifh a&S;vlwkdYonf cJowKudk aps;uGufodkYa&mufatmif ro,fEkdifcJhMuacs/ xkdYaMumifh abmf
pif(aiG)udkom cGJxkwf,liifNyD; <uif;aom cJacsmf(cJ)rsm;udk awmifykH&mykH pGefYypfcJhMuonf/
uvyfESifhuREkfyfonf owKodkuf\obm0taMumif;tcsufudk pl;prf;vkdMuonf/ uefY
pGJ cJudk olYobm0taetxm;twkdif; jrifvkdMuonf/ awmifapmif;rsm;wGif av;ay tjrifh?
ok;H aytus,f&adS om vkP
d af cgif;trsm;tjym;&So
d nf/ xkv
d P
dk af cgif;rsm;udk vufuikd u
f &d ,
d ,m
jzifh azmufxGif;cJhMu&rnfjzpf\/ tJhvyfawmifwef;rsm;ay:wGif ppfolBuD;[efeD;abm vrf;
azmufcJh&ouJhokdY ausmufudk rD;ylwkduf a&avmif;ay;jcif;jzifh uGJysufaMurGaponfhenf;udk
tokH;jyKaumif; jyKcJhvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYESpfa,mufonf xkdvkdPfrsm;twGif;odkY wpfckNyD;wpfck
av;zufwmG ; 0ifa&mufMunf&h cI MhJ uonf/ odaYk omf rMumcPqko
d vkd ausmuftrk;d rsm; NydKus
aeojzifh c&D;rwGifcJhMuyg/ aemufqkH; 0ifrnfhOrifwGif uREkfyfu a&SUrSav;bufwGm;um vuf
oD[&wempmay

wpfzufjzifh za,mif;wkid u
f dk udik v
f suf 0ifomG ;onf/ uHtm;avsmfpmG yif uREkyf \
f a&SUwGi&f adS om
a&tkdifuav;wpftkdifukd Munfhrdonf/ vm;. . . vm;. . . toufESifhcEmudk,fuJhodkY xif&Sm;vSaom
usm;ajc&mjzpf\/ usm;BuD;onf twGif;rSm &Sdaevdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfu uvyftm; usm;ajc&m
BuD;udk jyonf/ b*Fvm;usm;BuD;wpfaumifudk za,mif;wkdifwpfacsmif;jzifh ckcHwkdufckdufzkdYudp
rSm ESpfvkdzG,faumif;onfhudp r[kwfyg/ okdYjzifh zifhaES;av;uefjcif;r&Sd? t&Sdeft[kefjyif;pGm
csDwufvmaom aMumufpdwfwkdYjzifh t0if0qDodkY wpfcsKd;wnf; vSnfhxGufvmcJhMuonf/ uH
aumif;axmufrojzifh usm;BuD;rSm uREkfyfwkdYESifhtodtuRrf;zGJYvkd[ef rwl/ xGuf EIwfquf
jcif; rjyK/
uREkyf w
f o
Ydk nf aemufxyf Orifrsm;xJoYkd 0ifrMunhaf wmhyg/ aemifwiG f owKwGi;f vkyif ef;
rsm;twGuf ESpv
f rf;oGm; OrifBuD;azmufvyk af omtcg uREkyf u
f xdOk rifukd ]usm;Orif}[ktrnf
ay;cJhonf/ tu,frsm; xkdOriftwGif;wGif aemufxyfusm;ESifhawGYcJhonfqkdygu uREkfyfwkdY
twGuf wkdufuGif;wkdufuGuf us,fus,f&wefaumif;ygonf/}}
onfrSm awmifxdyfyef;pmapmifwGif ygonfhnDnD(abmfwGif;)\jrefrmjyefqkdcsufukd
xkwfEkwfazmfjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
abmfwiG ;f odaYk &mufvQif awmifajc&if;wGif usm;pcef;ESiu
hf sm;Orifqo
dk nfah e&mudk awGY
&vdrfhrnf/ xkdOrifonf ay 9000 &SnfNyD; awmifatmufu ajratmufrkdif;xJodkY wkduf&kduf
a&mufoGm;onf/ xkdusm;OrifESifhusm;pcef;qkdonfhtrnfonf jrefrmwkdYu ay;cJhonfhtrnf
r[kwfyg/
1904 ckESpf rkd;wpdrfhpdrfh &GmaeonfhaeYwpfaeYwGif Orift0okdY a&mufoGm;um usm;ajc
&mBuD;udk awGYonfwGif taMumufaMumuf tvefYvefYjzifh jyefajy;vmcJhonfh[m;Awf[l;Am;
qkdol touf 30 t&G,f tar&dueftif*sifeD,muav;wpfa,mufu ay;cJhonfhtrnfjzpf
ygonf/
xkdtcsufonf rsm;pGmpdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;ygonf/ xkdYxuf pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;
onfhtcsuf &Sdao;onf/
[m;Awf[l;Am;onf xkdpOfu vef'efowKukrPDwpfckwGif tif*sifeD,mtjzpf vkyfae
qJjzpfonf/ t*FvdyfwkdY jrefrmEkdifiHukd odrf;NyD;aemuf abmfwGif;udk jyefvnfwl;azmfonfhtcg
wGif [l;Am;onf tif*sife,
D mtjzpf abmfwiG ;f odYk a&mufvmcJu
h m abmfwiG ;f rS rkid ;f rsm;udk yxr
qkH;jyefwnfwnfaxmifay;cJhonf/ usm;Orifudk azmufvkyfNyD;pD;onfhtcgwGifrl [l;Am;onf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

43

44

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

abmfwGif;wGif r&Sdawmhay/ tar&duefokdYjyefa&mufum oef;<u,folaX;BuD;wpfa,mufjzpf


aeavNyD/ 1928 ckESpfwGifrl abmfwGif;udk yxrqkH; jyefvnftoufoGif;ay;cJhol? usm;Orif[l
aom trnfudk ay;cJhol [l;Am;onf 31 OD;ajrmuf tar&dueforwbBuD;tjzpf a&G;aumuf
jcif;cH&avonf/ [m;Awf[l;Am;onf 1874 ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJhNyD; 1964 ckESpfwGif uG,fvGef
cJhonf/
xkdYaMumifh usm;pcef;ESifhusm;Orif[laom trnfonf 31 OD;ajrmuf tar&dueforw
avmif;ay;cJhonfhtrnf jzpfonf[kajymvQifvnf; &Ekdifaumif;ygonf/
]awmifxdyfyef;}pmapmifwGifygonfhuAsmq&mBuD;ukdBuD;om\]aiGwif;xJrSm}qkdonfh
uAsmuav;uvnf; abmfwGif;rkdif;vkyfom;wkdY\b0&kyfykHvTmwpfcsyf jzpfonf/ olYuAsmukd
atmufwGif azmfjyvkdufygonf/
erwl abmfwGif; rkdif;
euf&Idif;us,f0ef;
jynfe,fpeG ;f rSm
xGef;opf ae
urm jyefYaponf/
ol0Y rf;xJrmS
a&TcJ
aiGcJ
cJnyfwpfvD
udkabmh aMu;eDruf
pGrJ ufp&m
&wemawG
urmhaps;uGufrSm
a':vmawG jzpf/
uREkfyfwkdY rkdif;wGif;rSm
ajrvTmudk wl;
ezl;u acR;
,D;av; ckdpD;
rkdif;wGif;xJ rkd;onf;aeNyD/
vdkPf*lxJrSm
aeY[lonf r&Sd
yuwd tarSmif
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

45

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

Mu,fa&mif
va&mif
yk;d pke;f MuL;a&mif
bma&mifrS r&Sd
obm0tvSw&m;
ewd/
umAkdufrD;cGuf
a&pufusrS
tvif;jzmxGuf
BudK;awGquf
teufwGif; wl;
,rf;bDvl; cGJ
odrfhceJ wkef
,rf;rIefa&m,Suf
zkeaf &mpGu
f
touf&SLusyf ESvkH;aoG; &yfrwwf
a&puf pdrfhus
usonfha&u
i&Jr;D "mwf
xkH;"mwf
'kwm"mwf
pyfvkdufonfhjzpfjcif;
,rrif;xH t,lcH r&
vkyfom;b0
ocFg&w&m;
aeYvm; . . .
nvm; . . .
aiGwiG ;f xJ0if
a&Tpif
aiGpif
cJpif
aeYpOf &SmMu
vlu rkdif;xJ
pdwfu tdrfa&muf
oD[&wempmay

46

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

wpfa,muf oufxm;
cspfr,m;av;
pyg;vkH; a&G;p&m
qefrS &Sdygavp/
twwfynmydkif;wGif uAsmq&mBuD;awGavmuf rawmufajymifaomfvnf; o&kyfazmf
&m? cHpm;&mwGifum; uAsmq&mBuD;awGxuf omvdrfhrnf xifygonf/
]awmifxdyfyef;}pmapmifwGif ]tkef;om(acsmuf}u ]pmzwfoluvnf; ajymcsif;w,f}
[laom acgif;pOfjzifh pmaya0zefa&;vkyfxm;ygonf/ olu
]]'DaeY pmayavmutaMumif; ajymMunfhcsifw,fAsm/ 'DaeY pma&;q&mawG&JUta&;
tom;awGudk zwfNyD; b0ifrusbJ wpfrsKd;BuD;jzpfaew,f/ pma&;q&mtcsKdU[m(pmzwfol
awG&JUtusKd;twGufr[kwfbJ)pma&;q&mtcsKdUtwGuf a&SUaevdkufwwfMuw,f/ olwkdY&JU
r[mavQmufvJcsufu jynfolawGu qkH;jzwfygvdrfhr,fwJh/ pmzwfolawGu qkH;jzwfygvdrfh
r,fwJh/ aemufNyD; pmzwfolu BudKuf&if 0,fvdrfhr,f/ rBudKuf&if y,fvdrfhr,fvkdYvnf; qkdao;
oAs/
. . . tawmfhukd acwfaemufuswJhtqdktrdefYvkdY qkdcsifoAs/ wpfcgvm pmzwfolu qkH;
jzwfvrd yhf gvdrrhf ,f/ jynfou
l qk;H jzwfygvdrrhf ,feYJ jynfoel u
YJ ikd u
f ikd af ygufaeMuwm awmfawmf
MumvSNyDy/J zefwpf&m awaeNyD/ 'gaMumifh tawmhu
f kd a[mif;aewJt
h qdt
k rdev
Yf q
Ydk v
dk u
dk w
f myg/
. . . bmaMumifhqkd pma&;q&mqkdwm jynfoludk todPfOD;aqmifrI ay;aewJholawGvkdY
uRefawmfwYdk ,lqxm;vkyYd gyJ/ aumif;atmif OD;aqmifovm;? raumif;atmif OD;aqmifovm;
qkw
d muawmh pma&;q&m&JUcH,rl t
I ykid ;f aygh/ raumif;wJph mawGukd a&;NyD;pmzwfoal wG&UJ Pf
udk xkx
H idk ;f apatmif pmayrl;,pfaq; wku
d af uR;aeMuwJph ma&;q&mawG&UJ pmawGuakd wmh uRef
awmfwkdYpmzwfolawG em;vnfod&Sdatmif vrf;nTefulnDay;Muyg/ vrf;nTefulnDaewJhpma&;
q&m? a0zefa&;q&mawGudk uRefawmfwkdYuawmh BudKqkdrsmyJ/ b,fpmay a&SUaeawG rsufpd
qHyifarG;pl;pl; pum;tai:wl;wl; uRefawmfwkdYuawmh vufcHrSmyJ/ "m;oHwnHnH aoewfoH
wnHnHawG[m pmtkyfawGxJrSmawmif qlnHaewm r[kwfawmhbJ uufqufawG? ydwfum;
awG? jyZmwfawGtxd em;NiD;atmif nHaeMuwm pdwfysufp&m odyfaumif;wmyJ/ bmjzpfvkdYvJ
qkdawmh 'DaeY pmzwfol[m uufqufem;axmifolvnf;jzpf? &kyf&SifMunfhy&dowfvnf; jzpfae
vkyYd gyJ/ jzpfcsif&m jzpf? a&SUaeBuD;wkpYd um;eJaY jym&&if a&;csif&ma&;? zwfcsif&m zwfciG ahf Mumifh
vm; rodbl;/ uufqufawGxJrSm pkef;oH? q,fhESpfBudK;oH? OpmapmifhoHawGudk Mum;ae&NyD/
oD[&wempmay

. . . tJ'Dvkd[mawG tEkynme,frSm wGifus,fvm&if pmzwfol(aomw&Sif? &kyf&SifMunfh


y&dowf)jynfoludk tqkH;jzwfckdif;aeoluawmh b0ifus tljrL;aeaumif; tljrL;aeayr,fh
uRefawmfwYdk pmzwfot
l csif;csif;uawmh 'DtjzpfrsKd;ukd vk;H 0ta&mufrcHEidk b
f ;l / uRefawmfwYdk
pmzwfolawG[m pma&;wwfolawG r[kwfawmh 'Dtwkdif; ikHYcHae&rSmvm;/
pmaya&SUaeBuD;awGu qGJcsoHaygufatmif b,favmufyJ atmfatmf? uRefawmfwkdYu
awmh pmaya0zefa&;q&mawG&UJ toHawGukd *&kpu
dk Nf yD; em;axmif&vdrrhf ,f/ b,fEh ,
S f pmzwf
olawG[m yd#uwftkd;uGJawGrS r[kwfwm/ pmzwfol uRefawmfwkdYtusKd;eJYnD&if olwkdY&JUa0zef
csufudk uRefawmfwkdY vufcHrSmaygh/ pmayrl;,pfaq;vrf;nTefjzpfwJhtaMumif; today;vrf;
nTeo
f l b,forl qkd uRefawmfwYdk BudKqk&d rSmaygh/ a'gufjzKwfoaH ygufatmif b,favmufyJ atmf
atmf? uRefawmfwdYk pmzwfoal wG[m ud,
k t
hf usKd;udk vkv
d m;wJph maya0zefa&; [kwv
f m;? r[kwf
bl;vm;qkdwmavmufudkawmh cGJjcm;odwwfMuygao;w,f/ pmzwfolawG[m 'Davmufawmh
rwkH;wwfMuao;ygbl;}}
pmzwfolwpfOD;jzpfaom tkef;om(acsmuf)u pmzwfol\toHudk wifjyxm;onf/
abmfwGif;pmqkdawmfaumfrwDESifhpmay0goem&Sifrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh tvkyform;
vli,frsm;jzpfMuonf/ udck ifarmifat;? ukcd ifarmifaqG? xGe;f ode;f xGe;f ? ukv
d o
S ef;? armifwif
aqG? ukdcifaqG? udkcspfaqG ponfhvli,frsm; jzpfMuonf/
xkdaeYnu aqG;aEG;yGJNyD;onfhaemufwGif pmqkdawmfaumfrwD0ifrsm;onf uRefawmfwkdY
&dyfomodkY vkdufvmum olwkdY\]awmifxdyfyef;}pmapmifESifhywfouf a0zefcsufawmif;Mu
onf/ od&Yk mwGif uRefawmfwrYdk mS xkpd mapmifukd aumif;aumif;rzwf&ao;ojzifh bmwifjycsuf
ukdrS ray;EkdifcJhMuyg/
(8)
ae&pfawmh abmfwGif;
raeYnu em&DjyefwpfcsufrS tdyf&aomfvnf; reuf 3 em&DwGif uRefawmfwkdY tdyf&mrS
xMu&onf/ OD;nD\ZeD; q&mra':oef;pdef auR;arG;aom reufpmudk uRefawmfwkdY tapm
BuD;pm;&\/ aumufnif;aygif;? acgykyf? qwfom;ajcmufaMumf? ig;aMumfESifheufpfuzD;wkdYjzpf
onf/ avSmfcyfxm;onfherfhqefa&TzDOD;vufzufajcmufeHYu arT;aeonf/ OD;nD\tdrfrSm
awmifurf;yg;,HtjrifhBuD;wGifjzpfNyD; ausmufwkH;avSum;xpfawGtwkdif; wufoGm;&ojzifh
rsufprd aJG omuRefawmhu
f kd tm;emaomaMumif[
h q
k u
dk m tdro
f Ykd zdw
f rauR;awmhbJ uRefawmf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

47

48

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

wkdY{nfh&dyfomodkY pm;p&m aomufp&mawGudk o,fvmonf/


uRefawmfwkdYonf a&TzDOD;vufzufajcmufeHYoif;aeonfhtcg;&nfudk ZdrfqGJ aomuf
csdef r&Mu/ reuf 5 em&Dct
JG a&muf erwo
l Ykd oGm;&rnf/ NyD; xkrd w
S qifh ausmufro
J Ykd oGm;&rnf
jzpfojzifh xa&mfvD&Sd&modkY vmcJhMuonf/
abmfwGif;u reufcif;onf ESif;awG rIefaeavonf/
uke;f ay:rS xa&mfv&D &dS m csKdix
hf o
J Ykd rqif;cif abmfwiG ;f NrdKUuav;udk vSr;f Munfrh o
d nf/
aMomf. . . omvkdufonfhaiGv/ wu,fawmh aiGv r[kwf/ teDa&mif v? MuufaoG;a&mif v?
raeYu ewfawmfvjynfhaeYjzpfonfhwkdif vjynfh0ef;onf ESif;rIefawGMum;xJwGif &Tef;&Tef;jrjr
romEkdifcJh/ ewfawmfvqkwfwpf&ufaeYbufodkY ul;oGm;onfhreufwGifrl raeYnu omcJhonfh
aiGvrif;onf ykdyif rIefa0oGm;onfxif&\/ abmfwGif; taemufbuf awmifwef;rsm;ay:
wGif ar;wifaeonfv
h jynf0h ef;onf ESi;f rIeaf wGaMumifh azsmhawmhum rd;k ae;\yef;csDum;xJrS
yef;Eka&mifvESiw
hf al eonf/
uRefawmfonf ESif;eHY yef;eHYwkdYjzifh xkH,pfaeaomavudk wtm;&Idufvkduf\/ xa&mfvD
&Sd&modkY vkdufydkYaeMuonfhtdrfonfrsm;uvnf; wdwfqdwfvsuf/ uRefawmfwkdYuvnf; wdwf
qdwfvsuf/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf pum;rajymrdMu/ toufjyif;jyif;&SLoH? ausmufwkH;
rsm;ay:odYk zdeyfeif;oH? NrdKUv,fukd jzwf wNidrNhf idrphf ;D aeaom erfyh ef,eG ;f acsmif;a&pD;oHwu
Ydk dk
om Mum;ae&onf/
ESif;rIefawGxJwGif xa&mfvDuav;onf uav;upm;p&muav;wpfckvkd &yfaeonf/
]]uJ q&mwkdY jyefMuayawmh/ aemufrS &Srf;jynfe,f a&muf&ifvJ 'Dbufudkawmh vmcJh
Muyg}}[k q&mra':oef;pdefESifhvkdufydkYolrsm;u EIwfqufMuonf/
cPMumvQif xa&mfvo
D nf qlno
H nfph ufou
H kd jyKum abmfwiG ;f rS xGuv
f mcJah vonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf vufwjyjyESiu
hf sef&pfcMhJ uonfah bmfwiG ;f rS rdwaf qGrsm;ESi;f rIex
f w
J iG f aysmuf
uG,fusef&pfcJhonftxd ai;MunfhvmcJhMuonf/
abmfwGif;onf toGm;tvm cufcJonfha'ojzpfonf/ ta&muftaygufenf;onfh
a'ojzpfonf/ abmfwGif;NrdKUuav;onf yifv,fxJu uRef;uav;wpfuRef;ESifhwlaeonf/
olwEYdk iS u
hf rmavmuBuD;udk qufpyfay;aeonft
h &mqk
d ESpaf yomus,fonfx
h a&mfvo
D v
H rf;
uav;wpfoG,frQom &Sdygonf/ xkdYaMumifhavm rod/ abmfwGif;rS a'ocHrsm;onf {nfhonf
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

49

xa&mfvo
D nf usm;pcef;ukd ausmfvmcJah vonf/ aMomf usm;pcef;ESiu
hf sm;Orif/ tar
&dueforwavmif;jzpfrnf[
h m;Awf[;l Am;trnfay;cJo
h nfah e&muav;/ olo
Y rkid ;f uav;u
pdw0f ifpm;p&m/
usm;pcef;rS rD;a&mifuav;rsm;onf ESif;rIefxJwGif wjznf;jznf;a0; usef&pfcJhav
NyD/ cPMumvQif vkdy blwm/ vkdy blwmwGif rD;r&Sd/ arSmifESifhrnf;rnf;BuD;wGif vkdy blwm
uav;udk uRefawmfwYdk jzwfcMhJ uonf/ blwmqkad omfvnf; wJuav;wpfv;Hk ESiahf wmif,mvkyf
onfhwJuav; av;vkH;om&SdonfhwJokdufuav;wpfckom jzpfyg\/ onfhaemufwGifrl bmudk
rQ rawGY&awmh/ xa&mfvDonf vGef;xkd;qif;vmum awmifMum;xJu erfhyef,Gef;acsmif;ab;
wpfavQmufwGif ajy;aeonf/ ESif;awG rIefae&onfhtxJwGif awmifMum;twkdif;pGyf wuf
vmonfhaqmif;avu at;pdrfhaeonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf taEG;xnfawG txyfxyf0wf? acgif;wGif rmzvmudk pD;um xa&mf
vDay:wGif ukyf vdkufvmMuonf/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf pum; rajymrdMu/
abmfwiG ;f rS reufav;em&DwiG f xGuv
f maom xa&mfvo
D nf 5 em&Dcw
JG iG f erwo
l aYdk &muf
avonf/
erwlum; abmfwGif;rSmxuf ESif;awG rIefaeao;onf/ ESif;omydkrIefonfr[kwf/ t
csrf;u ydkvkdufao;onf/ aphpyfaocsmaom OD;nDonf blwm&kHtjyifbufwGif um;udk BudK&ef
tqifoifph pD Ofxm;NyD; jzpfavonf/ uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd vmBudKonfu
h m;jzifh erwl armfawmfum;
*dwfodkY vmcJhMuonf/ xkdum;jzifh ausmufrJodkY qif;&ef jzpf\/
erwlor0g,ronf erwl-rEav;ta0;ajy;um;BuD;rsm;udk ukdifxm;avonf/ wpf
aeY wpfpD;us xGufNyD; vlwpfa,mufudk 60 usyfay;&onf/
&Srf;jynfe,fwGif ajy;onfharmfawmfum;rsm;\xl;jcm;csufrSm pufa&m? armfawmfum;
abmf'Dyg ckdifcHhaumif;rGefjcif; jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdYoGm;cJhonfhc&D;wpfavQmufwGif pufysuf
xk;d &yfaeonfah rmfawmfum;qk
d wpfp;D wpfavrQ rawGcY &hJ / vlp;D um;qkv
d Qifvnf; oabFm
om;um;ac:onf'h wfqef;um;awG ajy;aeonf/ ukew
f ifvpl ;D onfu
h m;BuD;awGqv
dk Qifvnf;
tDplZl;wkdY? [D;Ekd;wkdY ponfhum;rsKd;awGjzpfonf/ awmifay:vrf;awG onfum;BuD;rsKd;awGom
cHEkdifayvdrfhrnf/ ajrjyefYrSmvkd ppfokH;vufusefum;awGjzifh armif;ae&vQif awmifatmufodkY
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

udk arQmfMuonf/ a&mufvmonfh{nfhonfudk cifrifMuonf/

50

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vdrfhusonfhowif;rsKd;awGudk rMumcP zwfae&vdrfhrnfxifonf/


vGecf o
hJ nfh 5 ESpaf vmufwek ;f u tnmNrdKUwpfNrdKUodYk uRefawmfa&mufomG ;pOf 27 rkid cf &D;
udk 6 em&DavmufMumatmif armif;,l&onfharmfawmfum;tkdBuD;wpfpD;udk uRefawmfpD;cJhzl;
onf/ xkdum;tkdBuD;onf xdkc&D;wGif 10 cgavmuf pufysufonf/ Mumawmh uRefawmf onf;
rcHEidk af wmh/ NrdKUESiihf g;rkid af vmuftvkw
d iG f um;udk rapmifah wmhbJ ajcvsifqif;avQmufco
hJ nf/
uRefawmfwkdY NrdKUodkYa&mufonfhwkdif xkdum;tdkBuD;onf NrdKUxJodkY a&mufrvmao;/ touf 60
ausmf? 70 eD;yg;&Sd ta':BuD;wpfa,muf armfawmfum;udk pdwfysufvufysuf Munfhum]]ysuf
wmvJ rajymeJYav? um;u a[mif;vSNyD/ tpwkef;u 'Dum;u ta':wkdYykdifwJhum;? tnmrSm
armfawmfum;awG ay:umpu ta':wkYd 0,fxm;wm? aemufawmh ta':wku
Yd aeNyD; jyefa&mif;
vkdufwm b,fESpfOD;avmufajymif;NyDvJ rqkdEkdifawmhbl;/ 'Dum;&JUtouf[m ukd&ifav;wkdYt
oufxufawmif BuD;vdrfhr,f}}[kajymygonf/
acsmifusonft
h nmajrjyefw
Y iG f armfawmfum;ay:umpu um;tkBd uD;awG ajy;aeao;
aomfvnf; &Srf;jynfe,fwGifrl onfvkdum;rsKd;awG rjrif&awmhyg/
*dwo
f rYkd a&mufcif NrdKUtxGuw
f iG f erwrl x
S u
G v
f maom or0g,rum;BuD;udk awGo
Y jzifh
qD; t&yfckdif;&\/ or0g,rum;onf vufrSwfBudKwif,lxm;aom uRefawmfwkdYudk apmifh
aeao;aomfvnf; rvmEkdifawmhojzifh xGufvmcJhjcif;jzpfavonf/ tcsdefrDawGYvkdufojzifh
awmfygao;\/
armfawmfum;ay:wGif vlawG jynfu
h syfaeavNyD/ tv,fvo
l mG ;&ef jzpfonfh tlaMumif;
vrf;awGyg ckHawG xkd;xm;ojzifh olwkdYudk awmif;yef ae&mtz,fcdkif;um uRefawmfwkdYckHwef;
rsm;qDodkY a&mufatmif renf;oGm;,l&onf/ tjyifrSm ESif;rIefawGusum arSmifydef;aeo
avmuf um;xJwGif rD;a&mifawG xdefaeonf/ c&D;onftm;vkH; taEG;xnfxlxlBuD;awG 0wf
um acgif;udk rmzvmawG ywfxm;Muojzifh rsufESmuGufuGufuav;awGom ay:aeMuonf/
trsm;tm;jzifh rEav;odq
Yk if;rnfch &D;onfrsm;jzpfMuNyD; vrf;ckvwfwiG f qif;rnfo
h q
l
dk uRef
awmfwkdYwpfodkufavmufom ygvdrfhrnfxifonf/
armfawmfum;onf vm;&Id;vrf;twkdif;xGufvmcJhonf/ um;ab;rS cef;qD;rsm;udk qGJ
csxm;ojzifh bmukdrQ rjrif&yg/ cef;qD;udk qGJzGifhvkdufvQifvnf; ESif;awGrIefaeojzifh bmukdrQ
jrif&rnf r[kwyf g/ jrif&onfw
h idk af tmifvnf; at;vGe;f ojzifh tjyifukd MumMumMunhEf idk rf nf
rxifyg/ ESif;xkBuD;udk wkd; wtdtdarmif;aeaom armfawmfum;xJwGif uRefawmfwkdYwawG
tdyfikdufvsuf vkdufvmMuonf/
oD[&wempmay

vm;&I;d odYk oGm;aomvrf;twkid ;f vmcJ


h 12 rkid o
f aYkd &mufvQif ar&Djrif\
h Zmwd[q
k adk om
refqrf&GmBuD;odkY a&muf\/ refqrf&Gmum; vrf;qkHjzpfavonf/ vuf0Jbuftwkdif; vkdufoGm;
vQif vm;&Id;odkYa&mufNyD; vuf,mbuftwkdif; qif;oGm;vQif oDayg? ausmufrJponfwkdYodkY
a&mufavonf/
ESi;f rIex
f w
J iG f refqrf&mG onf vl;vGev
Yf yI &f mS ;pjyKaeNyD/ cavmufow
H a'gifa'gifEiS Ehf mG ;
tkyrf sm;? 0efwifvm;rsm;? awmif,mckwMf uonft
h vkyo
f rm;BuD;rsm;udk BudKMum;BudKMum;awGY
&onf/ refqrfwGif qif; vufzuf&nf aomufMuao;onf/ onfae&mwpf0kdufwGif a&muf
vQif vufzuf&nf raomufbJ raeEkdifyg/ awmifydkifac:erfhqefe,fESifheD;ojzifh tcsKdajcmuf?
tcg;ajcmuf aumif;aumif;aomuf&onf/ onfem;wpf0u
kd rf mS a&TzOD ;D qGwo
f nfv
h ufzuf&nf
tcsKdajcmufonf vpfywefwkdY? b&GwfbGef;wkdY? qDvkHwD;wkdYeD;yg; aumif;ygonf/
erwl or0g,rbwfpfum;onf refqrfwGifvnf; vlwifao;onf/ um;atmuf
a&muf um;rk;d ay:odv
Yk rS ;f Munfv
h u
dk o
f nft
h cg um;rk;d ay:wGiv
f nf; ukeaf wG vlawGtjynfh
jzpfaeonfukd awG&Y \/ ESi;f awmxJwiG f um;rk;d ay:rS wuf pD;Ekid o
f rl sm;udk MunfNh yD; uRefawmf
wkdY tHhMo&ao;onf/
refqrfukd vGeo
f nft
h cgwGiv
f nf; rk;d pifpif vif;aeavNyD/ ae0ef;eDeo
D nf ta&SUawmif
wef;rsm;ay:rS Nidrfh&Tef;pGm xGufay:vmavonf/ odkY&mwGif pl;&Jaom teDa&mifudk rvTwfEkdif
yg/ ESif;awGMum;xJwGif azsmhawmhpGmvif;aeonfhyef;Eka&mifae0ef; jzpfygonf/ refqrfESifh
ausmufrMJ um;u vrf;onfvnf; wpfcgu uw&mvrf;aumif; jzpfco
hJ nfw
h idk f ,ckawmh ayguf
NyJaeavNyD/ uw&mvrf;jzpfczhJ ;l onfqo
dk nft
h wdwu
f kd oufaoxlEidk &f aHk vmufom usefawmh
onf/ um;onf awmifurf;yg;,HawGay:rSm oGm;aeonf/ wpfzufwGif awmifeH&H? tjcm;
wpfzufwGif opfyifawG? csKHEG,fawG zkH;aeonfhacsmufurf;yg;BuD;/ okdY&mwGif rMumyg/ cP
tMumwGif csKdifh0Srf;xJodkY qif;vmavonf/ csKdifh0Srf;xJodkYa&mufvmonfhtcgwGif &Icif;onf
ajymif;oGm;\/ Munfhvkdufwkdif; tHhMozG,ftopfawGukd jrif&onf/ &Icif;wpfckudk Munfh &kd;
cgeD;wGif topfwpf&yfay:vmonf/ aemuf &Icif;topf/ jymwpf0uf a&Twpf0uf eDwpf0uf
armif;wpf0ufjzpfaeonfhuRef;awmawG/ ,drf;orwpfokdufvkd tpdrf;&ifhrIdif;rIdif;udk qifxm;
Muonfrh ZJ vDyiftyk af wG/ tysKdrav;awGudk oG,o
f ,
G jf rifjh rifh unifyifysKdawG/ awmifapmif;
awG tpif;pif; tusm;usm;jzpfaeonfhavSum;xpfpkdufcif;awG/ csKdifh0Srf;xJwGif odyfonf;
aeaomESi;f jrLawG/
&Srf;jynfe,fudk uRefawmf oabmusjcif;rSm odkYuvkd tqifuGJaeaom MunfarmzG,f
&Icif;awGaMumifv
h nf; jzpfygonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f c&D;oGm;&jcif;onf b,fawmhrQ NiD;aiGpY &m
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

51

52

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

raumif;/ &Icif;udk Munfhvnf; b,fawmhrQ &kd;tDoGm;jcif; r&Sd/ &Icif;onf topftopf


ajymif;aeonf/ thHMozG,fwkdYonf topftopf jzpfaeonf/ c&D;oGm;&onfht&omonf &I
cif;jrifcif;topfrsm;? rsufESmrsm;? taoG;ta&mifrsm;? "avhxkH;pHrsm;? &moDOwktajymif;
tvJrsm;? tpm;taomufrsm;? AdokumzGJYpnf;rIponfhtEkynmrsm;udk pl;prf;avhvmum t
&omcHjcif;jzpfonf/ ]aygvfzwfaq}qkdonfhpma&;q&murl ]c&D;oGm;jcif;onf tEkynmwpf
&yfjzpf urmvSno
hf nft
h avhum; wdraf umum odrzf sif;edru
hf sonfeh ,fvn
S jhf cif;tavhonf
acwfpm;aeavNyD} (The Lost Art of travel and the vulgarity of tourism) [ka&;cJzh ;l onf/
awmifwpfawmifudk ausmfNyD; atmufodkYqif;vmonfhtcgwGif vuf0Jbuf jrpfwpf
jrpfudk bGm;ceJ awGYvkduf&\/ tjcm;r[kwfyg/ erwljrpfac: 'k|0wDjrpfjzpfygonf/ &Srf;jynf
e,fajrmufyikd ;f vm;&I;d -odEcD sKdi0hf rS ;f udk jzwfomG ;vQif erwjl rpfac: 'k|0wDjrpfukd rawGb
Y J ae
r&yg/ 'k|0wDonf auGYaumufpD;qif;vsuf&Sdav&m olYudk erwlbufwGifvnf; awGYEkdifonf/
ausmufrEJ iS o
hf aD ygbufwiG v
f nf; awG&Y onf/ odEb
D ufwiG v
f nf; awG&Y onf/ erfq
h efbufwiG f
vnf; awGY&onf/ onfcsKdifh0Srf;wGif 'k|0wDonf trnftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh &kyfajymif;&kyfvTJvkyf
ajy;vTm;vsuf&Sdavonf/ txufydkif;wGif olYukd erwljrpf[kac:NyD; atmufydkif;wGif 'k|0wD
[kac:um tr&yl&e,fxJodkY jrpfi,fjrpftjzpf pD;0ifoGm;avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYum;onf 'k|0wDudk ul;xm;onfhrkd;awwHwm;BuD;udk jzwfarmif;vmcJhNyD;
aemuf wpfzufurf;wGif cP&yfvkdufao;onf/
ae&pfcJhawmh. . . erwl/

(9)
tDplZl;bwfpfum;BuD;ay:rS q&mrav;
erwlNrdKUe,fonf 'k|0wDwpfzufwGif usef&pfcJhavonf/
'k|0wDudk jzwful;xm;onfhrkd;awwHwm;rSm uGefu&pfjzifh tckdiftcHhaqmufxm;onfh
wHwm;BuD;jzpfNyD; rMumcifurS aqmufvkyfNyD;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ rkd;awwHwm; raqmufcifwkef;
u onfae&mudk ul;wkdYjzifh jzwful;&onf/ avSESpfpif;udk wGJxm;onfhul;wkdYay:odkYarmfawmf
um;ukd xkd;wif&onhftwGuf tE&m,frsm;onf/ c&D;zifhonf/ ,ckrl rkd;awwHwm;BuD;NyD;
oGm;ojzifh erw-l ausmufru
J m;rrsm;? rkid ;f aigh-ausmufru
J m;rsm;? erfq
h ef-ausmufru
J m;rsm;
tcsdefrukefbJ tvG,fwul jzwfoef;oGm;vmEkdifMuygonf/ okdYwkdifatmif wHwm;udk jyKjyif
oD[&wempmay

p&mawG usefaeao;onf[k odc&hJ onf/ erwjl rpfac: 'k|0wDjrpfonf rk;d wGi;f wGif a&pD;Murf;
ojzifh urf;NydKrnfudk pkd;&drf&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYa&mufonhftcsdefwGif wHwm;xdyfwpfzufwpf
csuf ajrNydKrnfpkd;ojzifh 0g;rsm;udk 0if;x&H&ufouJhokdY &ufNyD;umxm;onfudk awGYcJh&onf/
rkd;awwHwm;rSm erwlNrdKUe,fESifhausmufrJNrdKUe,f\e,fjcm;jzpfavonf/ wHwm;[dk
bufu erwlNrdKUe,f? wHwm;onfbufu ausmufrJNrdKUe,f/
um;ay:rSqif;onfhtcgwGif um;ay:rSygvmonfhc&D;onfrsm;udk Munfhrdawmhonf/
trsm;tm;jzifh ukeo
f nfrsm;jzpfMu\/ ajrjyefu
Y cPa&mufvmol wpfO;D tzkYd &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f
&Sr;f ESiw
hf &kwf cGjJ cm;&onfrmS rvG,yf g/ w&kwu
f jrefrmpum;ajymonht
f cg &Sr;f oH0aJ eonf[k
uRefawmfxifygonf/ &Srf;onf ]w}ESifh]o}udk aumif;aumif; ryDoyg/ w&kwfvnf; xkdenf;
twkdif; jzpfygonf/
um;atmufodkYqif; vrf;avQmufaeMupOf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; vSyacsmarmonfhrdef;u
av;wpfa,mufudk uRefawmfwkdY owdjyKrdMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdYwGif ruyg/ wpfum;vkH;vnf;
owdjyKrdMuygonf/ xdkoli,frrSm tom;rSm 0g0if;aeonf/ t&yftarmif;uvnf; unif
yifysKdwpfyifvkd jrifhoG,fonf/ rsufvkH;wkdYu &Tef;vJh&Da0aeMuonf/ qHyifndKvJhvJhwkdYu ausm
ay:wGif a00Jvsuf/ udk,fvkH; udk,faygufa&m rsufESmyg wifhw,fajyjypfonfholi,frjzpfyg
onf/
ol 0wfpm;xm;yku
H bmrQrqef;aomfvnf; olt
Y csKd;tquf? olt
Y &yftarmif;ESiMhf unfh
aumif;aeonf/ pkwfcsuf cyf0g;0g;jzifh qGJxm;aom yef;&kduf ygwdwfvkHcsnfudk 0wfxm;NyD;
wifyg;txd zkH;aom ukwftusjzLudk 0wfxm;onf/ ajctdwfjzLESifhuif;bwfzdeyfjzLwkdYudk
pD;um acgif;wGif acgif;pnfy0k gudk ar;okid ;f pnf;xm;onf/ acsmarmonfrh sufEmS ? ausmh&iS ;f
onfhudk,fvkH;ESifhzswfvwfoGufvufonfholYtrlt&mwkdYaMumifh b,folrQ owdrjyKbJ raeEkdif
Muyg/ xkdoli,frav;rSm erwlrS ausmif;q&mrav;wpfa,muf jzpfonf[k od&avonf/
uRefawmfwkdY um;ay:wGif ygvmonfhc&D;onftrsm;pkrSm ukefonfrsm;jzpfMuNyD; t
enf;pkomvQif trIxrf;rsm; jzpfMuygonf/ ,kd;',m;bufrSvmaom ypnf;rsKd;pkHonf &Srf;
jynfe,facsmifBudKacsmifMum;u qkid u
f av;awGtxd a&mufaeonf/ refqrfEiS yhf efvq
S o
dk nfh
&Gmuav;ESpf&Gmudk uRefawmf jzwfcJh&mwGif ukefpkHqkdifuav;rsm;tay: ,kd;',m;ypnf;t
awmfrsm;rsm;ukd awGYcJh&onf/ xkdypnf;rsm;onf rEav;udkjzwf vm;0efwifrsm;jzifhvnf;
aumif;? &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;odkY 0ifaeonf[k od&avonf/ &efukefESifhpmvQif ,kd;',m;
ypnf;tm;vkH;avmufrSm aps;BuD;aeonfudk awGY&ay\/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

53

54

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

rkd;awwHwm;udk jzwfNyD; rMumrD uRefawmfwkdYum;onf oDaygodkY 0ifcJhavonf/ oDayg


um; NrdKUouf&ifhvSNyDjzpfonfhNrdKUtkdNrdKUa[mif;wnf;/ uRefawmfwkdYonf oDaygwGif rqif;Mu
yg/ ausmufrJrStjyefusrSom oDaygudk 0ifMurnfjzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifh NrdKUukd armfawmfum;
ay:rSom vSr;f MunfEh ikd cf yhJ g\/ NrdKUtxGuf *dwo
f aYkd &mufonht
f cgwGif armfawmfum;q&monf
uRefawmfwcYdk &D;onftm;vk;H \pm&if;udk oGm;jy&\/ ajcvsifqif;avQmuf&jcif;um; r&Sad wmh
yg/
um;xGufrnfjyKpOf um;py,f,monf *dwftaqmufttkHxJrS ajy;xGufvmum ]][kd;
q&m? [kd;}}[k vufjy atmf&if; um;aemufwef;rS vlwpfa,mufudk vmac:oGm;avonf/
vSnfhMunfhvkdufaomtcg rkd;awwHwm;wGif &yfpOfu uRefawmfwkdY owdjyKcJhrdonfhcyfacsm
acsmq&mrav;udk *dwfrS tac:ckdif;ojzifh vmac:jcif;jzpfaMumif; od&avonf/
oli,fruav;rSm wpfcsufrQ a`Erysufyg/ rsufEmS xm;wnfwnf? ajcvSr;f rSerf eS jf zifh
*dwfqDodkY py,f,maemufrS vkdufoGm;avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYum; bmrqkdif nmrqkdif wxdwfxdwfESifhjzpfaeMuavonf/ rnfonfht
jypfrsKd;&S
d xdo
k il ,frudk a&G;ac:avoenf;/ xkcd yfacsmacsmoli,fronf &mZ0wfruif;onfh
rnfonfhtrIudkrsm; usL;vGefcJhavoenf;/ rnfonfhowif;udk &xm; olYudkac:oenf;/
uRefawmfwkdYonf onf;xdwf&ifzkd &kyf&SifwpfckMunfh&ovkd vQKdU0Sufonf;zdk0wKwpfyk'f
zwf&ovkd bmjzpfrvJ? bmrjzpfrvJEiS w
hf xdwx
f w
d f jzpfaeMuonf/ cPMumvQif cyfacsmacsm
oli,fronf armfawmfum;qDodkYjyefvmum um;ay:rS aemufvlwpfa,mufudk vmac:jyef
onf/ vSnfhMunfhvkdufonfhtcgwGif w&kwftusvuf&Snf? w&kwfabmif;bDyGwkdYukd 0wfxm;
onfhw&kwftbGm;BuD;wpfOD; jzpfaeonfudk awGY&\/
]]OD;nDa& oli,frav;awmh bmjyemjzpfaeovJ rodbl;}}[k uRefawmfwkdYukd vkduf
ydkYonfh OD;nDudk ar;rdMuonf/
]]bmrS r[kwfygbl;q&m? erwlu ausmif;q&mrav;yg/ olu wkdif;&if;om;? olYtar
u EkdifiHjcm;om;rSwfykHwif ukdifxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh rSwfykHwifeJY ukduf rukduf ac:ppfwmyg}}
onfawmhrS bmrqkdif nmrqkdif uRefawmfwkdYwawG oufjyif;csEkdifawmhonf/ &Srf;jynf
e,fwGif vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;Xmeonf vl0ifvlxGufudprsm;udk wdwdusus udkifwG,faeonfudk
awGYcJh&avonf/
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

55

oDaygESifhausmufrJMum;rS armfawmfum;vrf;rSm aumif;pGm jyKjyifxdef;odrf;xm;onfh


vrf;jzpfygonf/ uw&mvrf;rSm csKdifhcGufr&Sd? vdIif;xjcif;yif r&Sd/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif &efukef
-rEav;vrf;rBuD;xufyif acsmarGYaeao;\/ vrf;wpfzufwpfcsuf &Icif;uvnf; om,m
vSonf/ ta0;wGif awmifwef;wkdYu redrfhrjrifh ajyajyavQmavQm oG,fwef;vsuf/ aumfzD
jcHawG pkdufcif;awGuvnf; vrf;ab;wGif tuGufusus? wpfcgwpf&HwGif armfawmfum;vrf;
onf rD;&xm;vrf;ESifheD;vmvkduf? a0;oGm;vdkuf? ajrmufydkif;&Srf;jynfe,f erwlwkdY abmfwGif;
wkdYbufrSmvkd awmifBuD;awGu rkd;xdatmif jrifhrm;jcif;vnf; r&Sd/ ajrjyefYvGifjyifBuD;vnf; r
[kwf/ awmifwef;uav;awG? ukef;jrifhurluav;awG? pkdufcif;awG? acsmif;uav;awG? rD;&
xm;wHwm;uav;awGEiS /hf [if;vif;jyifEiS x
hf ?k rsOf;ajzmifEh iS rhf sOf;auG;? jyifnED iS t
hf vk;H t0ef;?
tvif;ESit
hf arSmifwu
Ydk kd rQwajyjypfatmif tcsKd;ususeJY zGpYJ nf;xm;onf&h cI if;yef;csDum;wpf
ckudk Munfh&ovkd vSygonf/
cPMumvQif armfawmfum;onf ausmufrJNrdKUwGif;odkY 0ifcJhavonf/ ausmufrJum;
ajrjyefYwGif &SdonfhNrdKUjzpf\/ ab;rSm awmifukef;awG 0ef;&HaeNyD; tv,faumifcsKifhxJwGif
wnf&Sdavonf/ vrf;awGu us,fjyefYNyD; oefY&Sif;onf/
uRefawmfwkdYudk uarmZcifvIdif pufrIvufrItvkyf&kHwGif csxm;cJhNyD;aemuf OD;nDonf
xkdum;jzifhyif rEav;odkY vkdufoGm;avonf/
ausmufrJwGif ESif;ra0yg/ jrLvnf; rqkdif;yg/ odkY&mwGif aejcnfonf azsmhawmhum
tat;"mwfu vTrf;jcKHqJjzpfygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf uarmZcifvIdif\rdcifzcifwkdYydkifaom uarmZtvkyf&kHwGif cPem;
Muonf/ ae&dyfxJwGif rxkdifEkdifojzifh aejcnfazsmhazsmhxJwGif ukvm;xkdifrsm;udk cif;xkdif
Mu&\/
uarmZtvkyf&kHrSm &Srf;jynfe,f twkdif;twmjzifh tawmfBuD;onfhtvkyf&kH[k qkdEkdif
avonf/ wGifckHrsm;? azmufpufrsm;? a&Gay:pufrsm;ponfhud&d,mawG awmfawmfpkHvifyg
onf/ uarmZcifvIdif\nD udkausmfpdefu uRefawmfwkdYudk vkdufjyao;aomfvnf; xkdpufrsm;
taMumif;udk uRefawmfwkdY aumif;aumif; em;rvnfyg/ armfawmfum;rsm;? qefpufrsm;? qD
pufrsm;twGuf pufypn;f rsm;udk xkwv
f yk af y;Ekid o
f nft
h vky&f w
Hk pfcjk zpfaMumif;avmufuo
dk m
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

cPMumvQif ausmif;q&mrav;wkdY om;trd jyefa&mufvmojzifh armfawmfum;vnf;


ausmufrJodkY qufxGufvmcJhonf/

56

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

tMurf;zsif;odcJhMuygonf/ uarmZcifvIdif\zcifonf wpfcgu erwlabmfwGif;wGif tvkyf


orm;BuD;wpfO;D jzpfcNhJ yD; xkt
d vky&f u
Hk kd ppfrjzpfru
D wnfaxmifcjhJ cif; jzpfonf[k od&avonf/
udkausmfpdefrSm uarmZcifvdIifESifhenf;enf;rQrwl/ uarmZcifvdIifu t&yftarmif;
aumif;oavmuf udkausmfpdefrSm t&yfjywfonf/ uarmZcifvdIifu tom;ndKoavmuf ukd
ausmfpdefrSm rsufESmudk Munfh&kHrQjzifh &Srf;trsKd;om;[k ajymEkdifavmufatmif tom;jzLonf/
pum;ajymawmhvnf; &Srf;oH 0Jaeavonf/ uG,fvGefol zcifESifhwlonf[k uarmZcifvIdif\
taru ajymjyavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf us,fjyefYvSaom uarmZtvkyf&kH0if;BuD;xJu aeylpmwGif vufzuf
&nftcg;aomuf&if; uRefawmfwkdYudk oGm;BudKaeonfhtzGJYudk apmifhaeMuonf/ ausmufrJpm
qkad wmfaumfrwD0ifrsm;onf armfawmfum;wpfp;D jzifh uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd NrdKUxdyzf sm;wGif oGm;BudK
aepOf uRefawmfwkdYu NrdKUwpfzufxdyfrS 0ifvmojzifh olwkdYESifhvGJaejcif;jzpfonf/ uarmZt
vky&f rHk S oli,fav;wpfa,mufu uRefawmfwaYdk &mufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; oGm;taMumif;Mum;awmh
rS Budqkdolrsm; jyefa&mufvmMuonf/
vm;&Id;rS uRefawmfwkdYESifhvkdufvmMuaom udkyifeDESifhudk&moufwkdYu pmqkdawmfaumfr
wDrsm;ESifhuRefawmfwkdYudk rdwfqufay;onf/
a'gufwmOD;b[efEiS Ohf ;D oef;atmifwYdk acgif;aqmifonfah usmufrpJ mqkad wmfaumfrwD
rSm wufnDvufnD &SdvSay\/
a'gufwmOD;b[efrSm touf 60 ausmf? 70 eD;yg; &SdavNyD/ odkY&mwGif ydefydefyg;yg; t
&yfjywfjywf tom;jzLjzL orifa&mifukwftusESifhabmif;bDudk 0wfxm;NyD; vnfpnf;pnf;
xm;onf/ &kwfw&ufMunfhvQif w&kwfaoG;aESmonf[kxif&onf/ w&kwfaoG; wpfpufrQr
ygonfhtif;om;BuD;wpfOD; jzpfavonf/ touf 70 em; eD;aeonfhwkdif usef;rmzswfvwfqJ
jzpfygonf/ [if;oD;[if;&Gufpm;NyD; reufwkdif; vrf;avQmufaomaMumifh odkYusef;rma&;
aumif;jcif;jzpfonf[k ,kHMunfaMumif;jzifh OD;b[efu ajymjyavonf/
OD;b[efonf ppfBuD;rjzpfru
D wnf;u &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f wGif trIxrf;cJNh yD;aemuf
yifpif,o
l nft
h cgwGiv
f nf; awmifyikd ;f odYk rjyefawmhbJ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f rSmyif tajccs
aeavonf/ ,ckawmh OD;b[efonf &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;om;vkH;vkH; jzpfaeavNyD/ &Srf;
jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif oltrIrxrf;cJhzl;aom NrdKU[l r&Sdoavmuf/ olYtaygif;toif;r&Sd
aomNrdKU[l r&Sdoavmuf jzpfaeavNyD/ OD;b[efrSm ,ckacwfpmayxuf a&S;acwfpmayESifh
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

57

olEiS w
hf zJG ufO;D oef;atmifrmS wpfcgu or0g,r0efxrf;wpfO;D jzpfcNhJ yD; ,ckNrdKeY ,faumif
pD0ifwpfOD;jzpfonf[k od&avonf/ t&yfaxmifarmif;aomfvnf; cyf00jzpfojzifh t&yfjrifh
rSe;f rodomyg/ vIy&f mS ;rIwiG v
f nf;aumif;? pum;ajym&mwGiv
f nf;aumif; cEmuk,
d Ef iS rhf vku
d f
atmif oGufvufzswfvwfol jzpfygonf/
pmqkad wmf aumfrwDonf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd NrdKUv,f&dS emrnfBuD;w&kwx
f rif;qkid w
f pfqidk f
odkYac:oGm;um eHeufpm auR;avonf/ uRefawmfwkdY eHeufpm pm;onfhtcsdefwGif aeYv,fem
&DjyefESpfcsuf xkd;aeavNyD/

(10)
pcef;om a[mf
pmqkad wmf aumfrwD\pDpOfay;csuft& ausmufraJ qmufvyk af &;&dyo
f mrSm wnf;cdMk u
onf/ rlvu tay:bdkwJ[kac:onfh{nfh&dyfomwGif wnf;&efjzpfaomfvnf; wjcm;{nfhonf
awG a&mufaeojzifh uRefawmfwkdYcsnf; vGwfvyfpGm aeEkdif&ef aqmufvkyfa&;&dyfomrSm ae&m
csay;xm;jcif; jzpfavonf/
&dyfomwGif a&rkd;csKd;? cPem;NyD;aemuf naeykdif;wGif uRefawmfwkdYukd ausmufrJNrdKUukd
vkdufjyonf/ ausmufrJum; &Srf;? jrefrm? w&kwf? ukvm;ponfjzifh vlrsKd;pkHaomNrdKUBuD;jzpf\/
NrdKUv,fu wkdfufwmBuD;rsm;uvnf; BuD;rm;cdkifcHhMuonf/ ta&mif;t0,fvnf; jzpfxGef;o
jzifh aiGaMu;acsmifvnfolrsm; aygrsm;Muonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh vufzufpkd? vufzufajcmuf
ta&mif;t0,fvkyfonfhukefonfyGJpm;BuD;rsm; jzpfavonf/
ausmufrJrSm odEDwkdY oDaygwkdYvkd NrdKUa[mif;r[kwfacs/ NrdKUopfwpfNrdKUjzpfavonf/
1221 ckavmufu jrefrmjynfrbufrS ukefonfrsm;onf EGm;0efwifrsm;? vm;0efwifrsm;jzifh
awmawmifrsm;udk ausmfum &Srf;jynfe,fodkYwufvmcJhMuonf/ xkdvrf;rSm vloGm;vrf;jzpf
avonf/ xkdvm;0efwifEGm;0efwifrsm;onf ,ckausmufrJNrdKU awmifbuf bk&m;av;qlESifh
uRJukef;&GmMum;wGif pcef;cscJhMuonf/ xkdaps;uav;wGif &Srf;ukefonfESifhjrefrmukefonfwkdY
ukefpnfzvS,fjcif; jyKMuonf/
1260 ckEpS af vmuftxd ausmufr[
J o
l nft
h rnfonmukd r&ao;/ xkpd Ofu ]r[dev
f rf}
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

bmomaA'udk ydk pdwf0ifpm;[ef&Sdavonf/

58

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

ac: ausmufwkH;rnf;rsm; wnf&Sd&m awmifukef;\ta&SUajrmufbufwGif vkHawm? Budrfawm


BuD;rsm;udk ckwfxGif&Sif;vif;xm;onfhvkHykdifqkdonfh&Gmuav;wpf&Gm&Sdonf/ vlaetdrfajc 80
cefYrQom&Sdonfhxkd&Gmuav;ESifherfhwkHNrdKUMum; aps;wnf&ef ae&ma&G;Muonfhtcg ausmufwkH;
trnf;rsm;&Sdonfhukef;uav;udk a&G;Muonf/ xkdYaMumifh xkdae&mudk ]uyfr[defvrf}[k&Srf;wkdY
u ac:Muonf/ &Srf;bmomtm;jzifh ]uyf}qkdonfrSm ]aps;}jzpf ]r[def}qkdonfrSm ]ausmuf
wkH;}udk ac:jcif;jzpfNyD;]vrf}rSm ]rnf;eufonf}[k t"dyg,fxGufavonf/
ausmufrJNrdKU[l jzpfvmonfrSm 1902 ckESpfwGifrS jzpfavonf/ xkdESpf arv 14 &uf
aeY? jrefrmou&mZf 1264 ck? uqkefvqef; 8 &uf? aomMumaeY 12 em&DwGif oDaygapmfbGm;
BuD;qmapmcs,f? vm;&Id;ta&;ykdif rpwmoGefwef? uRJukef;e,fydkifBuD; OD;cGefxGef;? ausmufrJ
BuD;&Gme,fydkifBuD; OD;qHrl;wkdY vma&muf NrdKUudk yEuf&kdufay;cJhonf[k qkdavonf/ xkdNrdKUykdif
BuD;ESpOf ;D wku
Yd NrdKUopfukd olt
Y ydik f ud,
k t
hf ydik w
f iG f wnfapcsifMuojzifh tjiif;yGm;Mu&mrS aemuf
qk;H wGif xkNd rdKUESpNf rdKUMum; aps;opfae&mudk a&G;vku
d Nf yD; ,ckausmufrNJ rdKUudk wnfcjhJ cif;jzpfonf
[k od&avonf/ xkdtcsdefrSp erfhwkHNrdKU ajrmufbuf&Sd uyfr[defvrfac:ausmufrJaps;ukd
tpGJjyKum ausmufrJNrdKU[k ac:a0:cJhjcif; jzpfavonf/
tdrfrsm; oyf&yfjcif;ESifhvrf;rsm;us,f oefY&Sif;jcif;rSm ausmufrJNrdKU\xl;jcm;csuf
jzpf\/ tdrfBuD;tdrfaumif;awGuvnf; tdrfaumif;awGtavsmuf oyf&yfMuonf/ jcHpkduf
EGm;wif;ukwfawG xm;onfhNrdKUpGefu qif;&Jom;tdrfuvnf; olYtavsmuf oyf&yfoefY&Sif;
onf/ NrdKUpGeu
f tdrrf sm;rSm oufi,fr;dk ? x&Humonf&h rS ;f tdrrf sm;jzpfaomfvnf; 0if;jcHuav;
awGEiS yhf ef;yGiahf wG a0qmaeaom yef;yifi,fuav;awGEiS ahf jrwvif;ajymifajymifuav;awG
ESifhjzpfojzifh i,fyifi,faomfvnf; rsufpdya'omwGif vSaeonf/
vm;&Id;-oDaygrS um;rsm;? erfhqefrS um;rsm;? erwlrS um;rsm;? rkdif;vkHESifhrkdif;aighbuf
rS um;rsm; qif;&mjzpfojzifh ausmufrJNrdKUonf vm;qkHNrdKUozG,f jzpfaeonf/
NrdKUudk wpfywfvSnfhMunfhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf jynfvkH;csrf;omapwDudk oGm;zl;
Muonf/ jynfvkH;csrf;omapwDrSm vG,fcGefawmifay:wGif wnfxm;avonf/ awmifurlukd
auGYywfazmufxm;onf/ um;vrf;&Sdojzifh um;jzifh wkduf&kduf &ifjyifawmfta&muf wufEkdif
avonf/
jynfvkH;csrf;omapwD &ifjyifxufrS MunfhvQif ausmufrJwpfNrdKUvkH;udk pD; jrif&onf/
ausmufrNJ rdKUywfywfvnf awmifuek ;f rsm;ay:wGiv
f nf; a&Ta&mifwajymifajymif? rSeaf &mifw
ajymifajymifESifhapwDrsm;udk jrif&onf/ ausmufrJum; csKdifh0Srf;xJwGif wnfxm;onfhNrdKUjzpf
oD[&wempmay

\/ ab;ywfywfvnfwGif awmifurlawG um&HNyD; tv,fu ajrjyefYudk tuGuf&kdufaqmuf


xm;onf/ aps;? blwm&kH? &kyf&Sif&kHponfwkdYrSm csKdifh0Srf;xJwGif&Sd aq;&kH? {nfh&dyfomESifhwcsKdU
tdrfopfwkdufopfrsm;rSm ab;ywfvnf awmifapmif;rsm;wGif ae&m,lxm;Muonf/ ,if;wkdY
um; NrdKUrrS wjznf;jznf; vQHuszdwfpOfvmaom uGufopfrsm;jzpfavonf/
apwDawmfudk zl;ajrmfNyD;aemuf apwDawmfab; ukef;apmif;&Sd wpfxyftkwfausmif;u
av;xJodkY 0ifum q&mawmfudk zl;ajrmfMujyefonf/
pmaya&;om;jcif;ESifhywfoufonfhq&mawmf\tar;rsm;udk txkduftavsmufajz
Mum;NyD;aemuf q&mawmfukd 0wfjznfhum jynfvkH;csrf;omapwD&ifjyifawmfay:rS qif;vmcJh
Muonf/ tcsdef&ao;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYonf pcef;omokdY xGufvmcJhMuavonf/
ausmufrJ-rEav; armfawmfum;vrf;twkdif; qif;vmcJh rkdiftenf;i,fa&mufvQif
pcef;om&Gmuav;udk awGY&onf/ &Srf;trsKd;om;awmifolrsm;? v,form;rsm;\&Gmuav;
jzpf\/ xk&d mG uav;udk vGeNf yD; em&D0ufcefY armif;cJNh yD;aemuf vrf;\vuf,mbufoaYkd rQmfMunfh
vkdufvQif twGif;buf ESpfrkdifomomcefYtuGm xif;&SL;yiftkyfawGESifhukef;wef;uav;wpf
ckudk jrif&onf/
uRefawmfwkdY um;ESpfpD;onf pcef;om&Gmudk vGefvQif vuf,mbufodkYqif;aomvSnf;
vrf;uav;twkdif; qif;vmcJhonf/ vrf;ab;wGif v,fuGif;rsm;? aeMumcif;rsm;? MuHcif;
rsm;? iSuaf ysmjcHrsm;? tjcm;pku
d cf if;rsm;ESiahf ygif;jrufwzYdk ;Hk aeaom uGi;f jyifBuD;udk jrif&onf/
aeMumcif;xJwGif aeMumyGifh0g0gawG yGifhaeMuonf/ aeMumyGifh&kdif;rsm; r[kwfyg/ qDxGufae
Mumcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/ wpf0ufavmufa&mufvQif wHwm;topfuav;wpfcu
k kd awG&Y onf/
awmopfawGjzifh jzpfovkd cif;xm;onfhopfom;wHwm;uav;jzpf\/
]]t&ifwkef;u armfawmfum; oGm;vkdYr&bl;q&m? vrf;u ypfxm;wm Mumawmh ysuf
oavmuf jzpfoGm;NyD/ ck jyefjyifxm;&wm}}[k OD;oef;atmifu ajymjyonf/
armfawmfum;onf Murf;wrf;aomajreDvrf;uav;twkid ;f awmifuek ;f ay:odaYk uGyY wf
wufvmcJhNyD;aemuf awmifukef;xdyf&Sd tkwfwHwkdif;edrfhedrfhumxm;onfh0if;BuD;wpfckxJodkY 0if
vkdufavonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf um;ay:rSqif;um wpfyidk ;f wpfp NydKysufaeonfah cwfrt
D aqmuft
tkHBuD;ukd wthHwMo ai;Munfhrdonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

59

60

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

xkdtaqmufttkHum; uG,fvGefoloDaygapmfbGm;BuD;qmapmcs,f\aEG&moDa[mfeef;
jzpf ]]pcef;oma[mf}}[ktrnfwGifavonf/
wthHwMojzifh ai;MunfhrdMuonf[k uRefawmfajymcJhygonf/ tjcm;aMumifhr[kwf/
rQacsmifus rQtxD;usefEkdifvSaom awmacgifacgif awmifukef;BuD;ay:wGif rQacwf
rD rQcrf;em; rQvSyaom taqmufttkBH uD;udk txD;wnf; awG&Y aomaMumifjh zpfygonf/
oDaygapmfbmG ;\pcef;oma[mfrmS awmifp,
G w
f pfcak y:wGif wnfaqmufxm;avonf/
awmifpG,frsufESmjyifonf pnfrsufESmuJhodkY nDnmjyefYjyL;vsuf &Sd\/ wpfcgwkef;u jrurvm
udk jzefYxm;onfhES,f&Sdaom jrufcif;vJhvJhwkdY &SdcJh[efwlaomfvnf; ,ckrl aygif;jrufwkdY awmx
atmif zkH;aeavNyD/ awmifpG,fqkH;oGm;onfhtcg urf;yg;udk NzdKcsum ausmufwkH;awGpDxm;
NyD; atmuftqihw
f iG f jrufcif;jyifwpfck vkyx
f m;jyefonf/ tay:jrufcif;jyifrS tkwaf vSum;
twkdif; qif;vmvQif atmufjrufcif;jyifodkY a&mufonf/ xdkae&mwGif wpfcgu aZmfrTm;? a'
vD,m? *Erm? umae;&Sif;ponfhyef;yifrsm; &Sdvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf awG;Munfhygonf/
awmifp,
G u
f jrufcif;tv,fwiG f aqmufxm;onfah EG&moDa[mfeef;rSm taemufwidk ;f
ESifhta&SUwkdif;trsKd;om;Adokumvuf&mudk aygif;pyfxm;onfhtaqmufttkHwpfckjzpfonf/
aumfhwpfcsfac: wpfxyfwkdufjzpfNyD; tv,fxdyfwGif a&mracwfu aumfvHrsm;vkd ausmufjzL
wkdifvkH;BuD;awG xlxm;um xdyfwGif a'gif;&kyfBuD;wpf&kyfudk ausmufqpf ykHazmfxm;onf/
aumfhwpfcsfab;bufu awmifyHozG,f jzefYaeonf/ taqmifwpfzufwpfcsufay:wGif jym
om'frsm; wifxm;onf/ yifraumfhwpfcsftaemufbufrsufESmpm t0uvnf; a&mraumfvH
vkd ausmufjzLwkdifBuD;awG xlxm;NyD; xdyfwGif ,kef&kyfudk ausmufqpf azmfxm;avonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf a[mfeef;tv,faygufrS &yfum a&SUwGif jrif&onf&h cI if;udk arQmfMunfh
Muonf/ &IarQmfcif;BuD;wpfckvkH;udk jrifuGif;us,fjrifEkdifaomae&maywnf;/
awmifpG,fatmufwGifuGif;jyifBuD;u arQmfrqkH;Ekdif/ uGif;jyifudk vGefvQif vm;&Id;-rE
av;armfawmfum;vrf;udk a&;a&;jrif&onf/ um;vrf;udk vGefvQif arQmfrqkH;Ekdifaomv,f
uGif;rsm;? awmif,mrsm;? avSum;xpfpkdufuGif;rsm;? awmtkyfrsm;? prf;acsmif;rsm;? rIdif;jym
aomawmifwef;rsm;? xkdYaemuf rkd;ukyfpuf0dkif;BuD;/
]]ck aeMumcif;awG? pyg;awG pdkufxm;wJhuGif;BuD;u [dkwkef;uawmh jrif;NydKifuGif;BuD;
q&m? aEG&moDus&if apmfbmG ;BuD;u 'DrmS yJ aew,f/ 'Da[mfa&SUuaeNyD; jrif;yGu
J kd Munhw
f myJ}}
a'ocHrsm;u ajymjyMuonf/
oD[&wempmay

uRefawmfwkdYonf a[mfeef;xJodkY0ifcJhMu\/ a'gif;&kyf &kyf<uwyfxm;onfhtv,fcef;r


aqmifBuD;udk yxr0ifMunfhMuonf/ xkdtaqmifrSm tzl;ajrmfcH&m nDvmcHcef;r[kod&\/
tv,fcef;rwGif bmrQr&Sdawmhyg/ yvifvnf; r&Sdawmh/ a[mfeef;\taqmifta,mifwkdYudk
vnf; rjrif&awmh/
vGefcJhonfhav;ig;ESpf anmifa&Ta[mfokdY a&mufpOf xD;jzL? yvif? em&Darmif;ponfwdkY
udk uRefawmfawGYcJh&onf/ ,ck pcef;oma[mfeef;wGifum; ya'o&mZfpepf\t&dyfta,mif
udk rjrif&awmh/
tv,fu nDvmcHcef;rudk MunfhNyD;aemuf ab;wpfzufwpfcsuftaqmifrsm;udk 0if
MunfhMuonf/ nmbufawmifyHrS taqmifum; r&Sdawmh/ NydKysufaeavNyD/
]]rD;avmifoGm;vkdY 'Dbufu taqmifuawmh ysufoGm;NyD/ 0JbufaqmifyJ usefawmh
w,f}}[kajymMuonf/
b,fwek ;f u rD;avmifomG ;onf[k uRefawmfrar;cJrh yd g/ nmbuftaqmifrmS trk;d awG
r&Sad wmhbJ wpfyikd ;f wpfp NydKusaeonfeh &H BH uD;udo
k m jrifc&hJ onf/ 0Jbuftaqmifum; vk;H vk;H
ysufpD;jcif;r&Sd/ taumif;yuwd usefaeao;\/ uRefawmfwkdYonf 0Jbuftaqmif&Sd tcef;
rsm;udk vkdufMunfh\/ 0JbufaqmifwGif tdyfcef;awGuvnf; trsm;BuD;/ a&tdrf? a&csKd;cef;
ponfwEYdk iS w
hf x
JG m;onfah cwfrt
D yd cf ef;rsm; jzpfygonf/0Jbufaqmifwpfcw
k nf;rSmyif tdycf ef;
av;ig;q,favmuf&Sdrnfxifygonf/ tdyfcef;awG onfavmufrsm;vQif tdyfolawG awmf
awmfrsm;vdrfhrnf[k uRefawmfwkdYbmom awG;,lMunhfvkdufMuygonf/ a':apmjrat;Munf
onf]rdk;a'0g}oDcsif;udk pcef;oma[mfrSmyif pyfqkdoGm;cJhjcif; jzpfavonf/ 0Jbufaqmif
wGif tdyfcef;rsm;tjyif rD;vif;zkdBuD;&Sdonfh{nfhcef;BuD;wpfcef;vnf; &Sdao;onf/ awmfawmf
us,fonfh{nfhcef;BuD;jzpfygonf/
0Jbufaqmifwpfzufwnf;rSmyif omrefvlawGaevQif 10 tdrfaxmifavmuf aeEkdif
rnfxifygonf/ rD;avmifysufpD;oGm;onhfnmbufaqmifyg aygif;vQif apmfbGm;\a[mfeef;
onf vl 100 avmuf0ifaeonfhwkdif xdkvlwpf&m aysmufaeygvdrfhrnf/
rD;avmifysufpD;onfhtjcrf;rSty a[mfeef;BuD;wpfckvkH;onf taumif;yuwd&Sdao;
onf/ odkY&mwGif tapmifhwpfa,mufxm;onfrSty aumif;pGm xdef;odrf;xm;jcif; &Sd[efrwl
yg/ rSefwHcg;wkdYu uGJvsuf/ vQmxdk;Murf;jyifay:wGif EGm;acs;ykHrsm;udkvnf; awGY&\/
uRefawmfonf xnf0gcrf;em;&kHrQru vSyacwfrDonfha[mfeef;ukd MunfhESajrmaerd
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

61

62

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

avonf/
xkda[mfBuD;udk tokH;cs&ef &nf&G,fcsuf &Sd r&Sd uRefawmfwkdYu ar;MunfhMuonf/
]]rl;,pfaq;0g;pGNJ yD; vlaumif;jyefjzpfvmwJv
h il ,fawGukd u,fq,fa&;vkyif ef;wpf&yf
taeeJY ae&mcsxm;zkaYd wmh pDpOfaeMuwmyJ? b,fawmhavmuf taumiftxnfay:rvJawmh
rodao;bl;/ wpfcgwpf&HrSm vkHjcKHa&; tcuftcJ enf;enf;&Sdw,f}}[kajymjyMuonf/
vGefcJhonfhwpfESpfavmufwkef;u tapmifhwpfa,mufudk tMurf;zuform;u ypfowf
oGm;onf[k od&avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf a[mfukdMunfhNyD;aemuf trkd;ay:&Sd vomaqmifodkYwufcJhMuonf/
wpfzufwpfcsuf jymom'fwifxm;onfhtrkd;ay:wGif us,fjyefYonfhvomaqmifBuD;wpfckpD
&Sdao;onf/ a[mf\tvsm;rSm uRefawmhftxif ay 150 avmuf&Sdrnf xifygonf/ vom
aqmifwpfckESifhwpfckudk tv,fu jymom'fawG? trkd;awG jcm;aeojzifh jrifvnf; rjrif&/
pum;ajymvQifvnf; rMum;&yg/
vomaqmifay:rS arQmfMunfhvdkufonfhtcgwGif atmufrS Munfh&onfhxuf &Icif;wpf
ckvHk;ukd ykdoJuGJpGm jrif&onf/ a[mf aqmufxm;&m awmifpG,faemufwGif awmifwef;BuD;
rsm;? awmrsm; &Sdonf/ a[mfywfvnfwGifvnf; xif;&SL;yifawG? 0ufopfcsyifawG? ,luvpf
yifawG pku
d x
f m;onf/ &kww
f &ufMunfv
h u
dk v
f Qif jrefrmEdik if aH &mufaeonf[k rxif&/ Oa&my
EkdifiHwpfcku aus;vufpHtdrfwpftdrfodkY a&mufaeonf[k xif&avonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf pcef;oma[mfukd vSnyhf wfMunf&h NI yD;aemuf ausmufro
J jYkd yefcMhJ uonf/
xkdpOfu uRefawmfwkdYwGif uifr&m rygojzifh oDaygapmfbGm;\a[mfeef;tkdudk "mwfykHr&dkufcJh&
yg/ umwGef;ajrZmomvQif pcef;oma[mf\ykHudk aumufaMumif;jzifh ykHMurf;qGJcJh&onf/
t*Fvdyftpkd;&onf 1886 ckESpf &Srf;jynfe,ftygt0if jrefrmEkdifiHtxufydkif;udk NAdwd
oQtifyg,m\tpdwftydkif;tjzpf aMunmcJhavonf/ 1887 ckESpfwGif jrefrmjynfpnf;rsOf;
Oya't& &Srf;jynfe,fudk e,frsm;cGJa0owfrSwfcJhonf/ 1895 ckESpfwGif xkdtufOya'jyifqif
csuft& &Srf;jynfe,fudk awmifykdif;? ajrmufykdif; cGJcJhonf/ awmifydkif;e,f odEDe,fajrmufydkif;?
odEDe,fawmifydkif;? oDayge,f? taemufESifhta&SUrkdif;vkHe,fwkdYudk apmfbGm;tkyfcsKyfonfhe,f
rsm;tjzpf owfrSwfcJhNyD; oHvGifta&SUbufurf;&Sd e,frsm;udk jrefrmEkdifiHawmf bk&ifrif;jrwf
(t*Fvdyfbk&if)\oHvGifta&SUbufe,frsm;[k owfrSwfcJhonf/ xkde,frsm;tm;vkH;udk jrefrm
oD[&wempmay

EkdifiHrS oD;jcm;cGJxkwfum ya'o&mZfpepfjzifh tkyfcsKyfapcJhavonf/ umuG,fa&;tmPm?


b@ma&;tmPmESifhEkdifiHa&;tmPmwkdYudk t*FvdyfwkdYu udkifxm;cJhNyD; apmfbGm;rsm;tm; t*F
vdyftpkd;&tay:opm&Sd&ef y#dnmOfxm;apcJhavonf/
odkYjzifh ajrjyefYESifhawmifwef;a'orsm;onf taea0;cJhMuavonf/ t*FvdyfwkdYonf
awmifwef;apmfbmG ;rsm;tm; tcGit
hf a&; ay;cJMh uonf/ tcsKdUaom apmfbmG ;rsm;udk 0dw&dk ,
d
bk&ifrBuD;udk,fwkdif vufcHawGYqkHjcif;? tcsKdUaomapmfbGm;rsm;udk bk&ifrif;jrwfbdodufyGJokdY
zdwMf um;jcif; ponfeh nf;rsm;jzifh jrLqG,cf u
hJ m jrefrmwkid ;f &if;om;rsm;udk aoG;cGt
J yk cf sKyfcMhJ u
onf/
uRefawmfonf um;ay:rSae wjznf;jznf; a0;usefcahJ om oDaygapmfbmG ;\pcef;om
a[mfudk ai;Munfhrdonf/
aMomf. . . ya'o&mZfwpfyg;\a[mfeef;tkdaywum;/

(11)
abmf B ud K bk & m;\Ad o k u mrl
{nf&h yd o
f modYk jyefa&mufonft
h cgwGif a':cifxm;? a':eDe?D a':jroef; ponfph mqkad wmf
aumfrwD0ifrsm;udk awGY&avonf/ olwkdYonf uRefawmfwkdY\pm;a&;aomufa&;? aea&;xkdif
a&;udk wm0ef,l&onfhyk*Kdvfrsm;jzpf\/ a':cifxm;ESifha':eDeDrSm ausmif;q&mrrsm;jzpfMu
NyD; a':jroef;rSm aqmufvyk af &;XmerS 0efxrf;wpfO;D jzpfavonf/ q&mrESpaf ,mufu pum;
enf;oavmuf a':jroef;u pum;awmfawmfajymEkdifonf/ a':jroef;onf aqmufvkyfa&;
0efxrf;wpfOD;yDyD ausmufrJc&dkifxJu vrf;awGtaMumif; awmfawmfodavonf/ rkd;awwH
wm;t&Sn?f tus,f? aqmufvyk o
f nf&h uf? NyD;onf&h uf usoifo
h nfah iGponfwu
Ydk kd 'k;d ceJ a'guf
ceJ ajymEkdifavmufatmif odoljzpfygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf ausmufrJe,fxJu vrf;awGtaMumif;udk a':jroef;xH pkHprf;&\/
a[majymyGJudk nae 7 em&DwGif NrdKUv,f&kyf&Sif&kHwGif vkyfavonf/ tvGefat;onfh
Mum;rS &kHvkH;jynfhrQ wufa&mufMuygonf/ 7 em&DcGJuponfh uRefawmfwkdY a[majymyGJonf
em&Djyef wpfcsufxdk;rS NyD;awmhonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

63

64

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

npmudk uRefawmfwkdY pm;onfhtcsdefwGif em&DjyefESpfcsuf xkd;aeavNyD/


aemufwpfaeYrSm 'DZifbmv 24 &ufaeYjzpf\/
raeYnu em&DjyefEpS cf sufausmuf ok;H em&D xk;d cgeD;rS tdy&f onfw
h idk f reufapmapmxum
a':cifxm;wkdY? a':eDeDwkdY auR;arG;onfhreufpmudk uokwfu&uf pm;NyD;aemuf oDaygodkYxGuf
vmcJhMuonf/ uarmZcifvdIifonf uRefawmfwkdYudk BudKqkd&eftwGuf '&kdifbm ukdpHatmifESifh
twl olYrmZ'g*spfum;tjzLudk ausmufrJodkY vTwfxm;avonf/
ausmufrJ-oDaygum;vrf;um; &Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;wGif t"du& vrf;rBuD;jzpfojzifh
vrf;uvnf; aumif;ygonf/ &Icif;awGuvnf; om,mygonf/ wGif &Srf;jynfe,fawmif
ydkif;u armfawmfum;vrf;awGESifhajrmufydkif;u armfawmfum;vrf;wkdY\uGmjcm;ykHudk uRefawmf
owdjyKrdavonf/ awmifydkif;u vrf;rSm ajrmufykdif;vrf;ESifhpmvQif tenf;i,fajcmufaoGY
oa,mif xif&avonf/ awmifydkif; [J[kd;csKdifh0Srf;xJ&Sd armfawmfum;vrf;wpfavQmufwGif
ukef;jrifhrsm;? urlrsm;rSm tnmqefaeNyD; trsm;tm;jzifh awmifuwkH;rsm;jzpfonfudk awGY&
\/ ausmufrJESifhvm;&Id;Mum;rS um;vrf;rSm awmifykdif;avmuf ajcmufaoGYjcif;r&Sd/ vrf;ab;
wGif opfawmawGudk awGY&wwfonf/ wpfcgwpf&H armfawmfum;vrf;onf uRef;awmBuD;awG
xJudk jzwfoGm;&onf/
oDaygNrdKUem;odkYa&mufonfhtcgwGif abmfBudKbk&m;udk pdrf;ndKYaomopfyifrsm;Mum;rS
vSrf;jrif&avonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf tcsdef&ao;ojzifh abmfBudKbk&m;udk 0ifzl;Muonf/
abmfBudKbk&m;udk jrifonfhtcgwGif taemf&xmESifhapmrGefvSwkdY\Zmwfvrf;ukd uRef
awmf owd&rdavonf/ atmifoif;um; pdwfxJrS owd&&kHrQruyg/ pdef*Ref;cifarqkdcJhonfh
]&SifrGefvS}oDcsif;ukdyif qkdvkdufacsao;\/
abmfBudKbk&m;rSm tv,fu apwDudk ikHNyD; ab;av;bufwGif a&mraumfvHBuD;awGvkd
ausmufjzLwkdifBuD;awGudk xlxm;um uEkwfyef;awG a&;xm;onfhtm&kHcHwefaqmif;BuD;awG
xkwfxm;ygonf/ ta0;uae MunfhvQif abmfBudKbk&m;\Adokumvuf&mwGif tdEd,Adokum
vuf&mESifh,kd;',m;Adokumvuf&mwkdY\MoZmudk awGYEkdifavonf/ wkdifvkH;BuD;awG? rkcfOD;BuD;
awG wnfaeykHrSm tdEd,Adokumvuf&m\MoZmjzpfNyD; jymom'frsm;rSm ,kd;',m;Adokumvuf
&m\MoZm[k qkdEkdifavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf abmfBudKbk&m;udk 0ifzl;Mu\/ oDaygrS vmBudKonfhowif;axmuf
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

65

xkdYaMumifh bk&m;udk tjyifrSom zl;cJh&avonf/ tm&kHcHwefaqmif;wGif ]]rdef;rr0if&}}


[lonfhpmwef;wpfckudk xl;xl;qef;qef; awGY&avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf rkcf0wGif apmifhMuyfaeonfhbDvl;&kyfrsm;udk MunfhMuonf/ vuf&m
ajrmufonfht&kyfBuD;rsm; jzpfyg\/ bk&m;ukd apmifhaeonfhtapmifhrsm;jzpfNyD; tvGefwefckd;
BuD;Muonf[k udMk uifarmifu ,k,
H MHk unfMunfajymjyygonf/ xkaYd emuf bk&m;yk&0d P
k w
f pfae&m
wGif &Sdonfhausmufpmudk oGm;zwfMuonf/ ausmufpmrSm e*kdu pkdufxlcJhonfhausmufpm
r[kwfawmhyg/ e*kdausmufpmrS pmukd ul;um topfjyefpkdufxm;onfhausmufpmjzpfavonf/
,cifu abmfBudKbk&m;qko
d nfrmS avmif;upm;0kid ;f awG &So
d jzifh a&TBudK aiGBudKawG ayg
aomaMumifh abmfBudK[k ac:ovkdvkd vlBuD;awG ajymoHMum;cJhzl;onf/ trSefawmh r[kwfyg/
rl&if;trnfrSm ]ayghBudK}jzpfygonf/ yk*Heef;wGif;olwkdY\ukef;acsmpum;ukd ,kHum taemf&xm
u apmrGefvSudk &Srf;jynfe,fodkYESifvkduf&mwGif tzvkyfolapmfbGm;BuD; vma&mufBudKqkd&mjzpf
onfhtwGuf ]ayghBudK}[kac:jcif;jzpfaMumif;? ]aygh}qkdonfrSm &Srf;bmomtm;jzifh]tz}[kt
"dyg,fxGufaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh ]ayghBudK}[kac:aMumif;? aemifusrS abmfBudK[ktrnfwGifjcif;
jzpfaMumif; od&avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYa&mufonfhtcsdefwGif abmfBudKbk&m;wpf0dkufwGif vlol&Sif;aeygonf/ w
aygif;vyGJawmfcsdefwGifrl jrefrmEkdifiHt&yf&yfrS vma&mufMuojzifh tvGefpnfum;onf[k qkd
avonf/
abmfBudKbk&m;rS xGufvmNyD;aemuf &SifrGefvS&GmteD;&Sd &SifrGefvSt&kd;tkd;apwDudk0ifzl;
Mujyefonf/ Pfawmf q,fawmifcefYavmufrQom jrifhonfhapwDuav;wpfqljzpfygonf/
a'ocHwkdYu xkdapwDudk ]&SifrGefvSvGrf;apwD}[kvnf;ac:Muonf[k od&\/
trSet
f m;jzifh &Sirf eG v
f aS c: apmrGev
f o
S nf rnfonfah e&mwGif uG,v
f eG o
f nfukd rodyg/
apmrGefvSonf armudk;jynfaxmifukd tpkd;&onfhapmfbGm;\orD;awmfjzpfonf/ rSefeef;&mZ
0if taemf&xmapm w&kwfjynfrS pG,fawmfyifh tjyefwGif armudk;jynfaxmifapmfbGm;u
aumif;jcif;ig;yg;ESifhjynfhpkHaom orD;apmrGefvSukd qufav\[kyg&Sdonf/ ae;tdvd,yfpf
paom taemufwkdif;ynm&SifwkdYurl arm&Srf;qkdonfrSm erfharmjrpfac: a&TvDjrpf0Srf;wpf0kduf
wGif aexkdifMuonfh&Srf;trsKd;om;rsm;udk ac:qkdjcif;jzpfaMumif;? ,if;wkdY\NrdKUawmfrSm a&TvD
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

udkMuifarmifwkdYvlokdufu bk&m;a*gyutzGJY0ifrsm;udk &GmxJrS oGm;ac:rnfjyKMuao;aomf


vnf; uRefawmfwkdYrSm tcsdefr&Sdawmhojzifh rac:&ef wm;,l&\/

66

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

jrpfwpfzufurf;(,ck w&kwjf ynfwiG ;f &S)d rkid ;f armNrdKUjzpfaMumif;? apmrGev


f rS mS rkid ;f armapmfbmG ;
\orD;jzpfaMumif;jzifh qkdonf/ olYtqkdukd axmufcHtwnfjyK&eftwGuf ae;tdvd,yfpfu
rkdif;armNrdKUorkdif;udk xkwfEkwfukd;um;cJhavonf/ rkdif;armapmfbGm;onf if;\orD;awmfudk
yk*Hrif;xH qufocJhonf[krkdif;armorkdif;wGif rSwfwrf;yg&Sdonf[k olu qkdonf/ a*s? *sD? p
aumhponfhynm&SifwkdYurl armudk;jynfaxmifudk tpkd;&onfhapmfbGm;\NrdKUawmfonf a&TvD
jrpfwpfzufurf;wGif &So
d nfrh idk ;f armrjzpfEidk af Mumif;? NrdKU&k;d ysufrsm; taxmuftxm;rsm;t&
a&TvjD rpfurf;ab;&Sd erfch rf;ESirhf q
l ,fMum;rS q,fveft
Y rnf&dS &GmjzpfaMumif;ESi,
hf q
l avonf/
olYt,ltqudk twnfjyK&eftwGuf paumhu q,fvefYonf yk*HokdYtaemf&xmoGm; pG,f
awmfyifhonfhtcsdefwGif NrdKUawmfjzpfaeNyDjzpfaMumif;jzifh jyoGm;avonf/
olwkdYESpfa,muf\tqkdtrdefYonf rsm;pGm ruGmvSyg/ xkdacwfu armudk;jynfaxmif\
NrdKUawmfonf rkdif;armavm? q,fvefYavmqkdonfhtcsufavmufom uGmygonf/ useftcsuf
rsm;wGifrl olwkdYESpfOD; oabmwlMuygonf/
&Srf;wkdYurl apmrGefonf q,fvefY&GmZmwd[k ,lqavonf/
,ck uRefawmfwkdY 0ifa&mufzl;ajrmfonfh&SifrGefvSapwDrSm &SifrGefvSuG,fvGefNyD[k Mum;&
onhftcgwGif wnfonfhvGrf;apwDyif jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf &SifrGefvS\vGrf;apwDab;wGif &yfum trSwfw& "mwfykH&kdufcJhMu
onf/
abmfBudKbk&m;rSm ausmufrJESifh 17 rkdifa0;NyD; oDaygESifh 5 rkdifcefYoma0;avonf/

(12)
tcsrf;omqkH; apmfbGm;
oDaygodkY a&mufonhftcg t0wftpm;yif vJcsdef r&awmhyg/ a[majymyGJusif;yrnfh
txufwef;ausmif;xJwGif y&dowfjynfhaeavNyD/
uRefawmfwkdYonf um;ay:rSqif;NyD; pifjrifhay:odkY wef;wufMu&onf/
&Srf;jynfe,frS tjcm;pmqkdawmfyGJrsm;uJhodkYyif oDaygpmqdkawmfyGJonfvnf; pnfum;
oD[&wempmay

okdufNrdKufygonf/ oDaygpmqkdawmf a[majymyGJ\xl;jcm;csufrSm y&dowfxJwGif rdef;uav;


OD;a& rsm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ]tysKdacsm oDayg}qkdaompum;udk om"uaqmifjyvkdufonfhyGJay
wnf;/
uRefawmfwkdYrSm reufpm rpm;&ao;aomfvnf; tcsdefr&Sdojzifh rpm;Muawmhyg/ a[m
ajymyGv
J yk af e&if; vufzuf&nf? rkeaYf vmufjzifo
h m udpN yD;vku
d Mf u&onf/ a[majymyGt
J NyD; n
ae 3 em&DavmufusrS reufpm pm;Mu&ygonf/
oDaygonfvnf; ausmufrJvkdyif csKdifh0Srf;xJu NrdKUjzpfavonf/ &kwfw&ufMunfhvkduf
vQif &Srf;jynfe,fu NrdKUwpfNrdKU[kyif rxif&/ ajrjyefYu NrdKUwpfNrdKUESifhwlaeonf/ odkY&mwGif
oef&Y iS ;f jcif;? vSyjcif;? aooyfjcif;t&mum; uRefawmfwYdk ajrjyefu
Y NrdKUawGxuf trsm;BuD;
omygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf oDaygwGif b,fukdrQ vnfcsdefywfcsdef r&yg/ oDaygrS 46 rkdifa0;onfh
vm;&Id;okdY nwGif;csif; ta&mufjyef&rnfjzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif onfrQavmufESifhrl uRefawmf
wkYd rwif;wdrEf idk /f oDaygapmfbmG ;\a[mfeef;avmufurkd l Munfch sifjrifcsifao;onf/ xkaYd Mumifh
tdrf&Sifrsm;udk ylqm&\/ tdrf&Sifrsm;uvnf; &onfhtcsdefuav;twGif;wGif tajy;tjzef;
vkdufydkYMuygonf/
oDaygapmfbGm;\a[mfrSm NrdKUjyifwGif &Sdavonf/ rlva[mfa[mif;udk rawGY&awmh/
anmifyiftBdk uD;rsm; 0dik ;f &Hxm;onfah [mfa[mif;tkwcf aHk e&mESiu
hf iG ;f jyifBuD;xJwiG f txD;wnf;
usefaeonf/ A[kdpnfpif wkdifBuD;udkomawGY&onf/ A[kdpnfpifwkdifonf uGif;jyifBuD;tv,f
rSae ya'o&mZfpepf\ykHjyifa[mif;udk 0rf;yef;wenf; ajymjyaeouJhodkY &Sday\/
uRefawmfwkdYonf a[mfeef;tkd\ae&mudk Munfh&INyD;aemuf tkwfwHwkdif;? oH0if;x&HwkdY
um&Hxm;onfh0if;BuD;wpfckqDodkY vmcJhMuonf/ xdk0if;BuD;rSm oDaygapmfbGm;BuD;\rsKd;EG,f
rsm;qufvufaexkdif&m pHtdrfBuD;jzpfavonf/
0if;BuD;xJwiG f jrufcif;u pdr;f vJv
h suf/ jrufcif;udk Munf&h rHk Qjzifh aumif;pGm jyKjyifxed ;f
odr;f xm;aom jrufcif;rSe;f odomEkid yf gonf/ wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif xif;&SL;yiftBdk uD;rsm;? 0uf
opfcsyiftkdBuD;rsm;u t&dyfa0a0qmqmjzifh/ wpfae&mwGif wif;epfuGif;wpfuGif;udk jrif&
onf/ wif;epfuGif;rSm t*FawawG aygufNyJaeavNyD/ 0if;BuD;tv,fwGif rD;ckd;acgif;wkdifrsm;
jzifh vSyonfhrD;ckd;a&mif acwfrDwkduftdrfBuD;wpfvkH;udk jrif&\/ t*Fvdyfaus;vufpHtdrfBuD;
wpfvkH;ESifhwlavonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

67

68

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

uRefawmfwkdYonf oHwHcg;0if;aygufrS tdrfBuD;udk arQmfMunfhMuonf/ pifppfwGifrl tdrf


r[kwyf g/ oDaygapmfbmG ;\a[mfopfjzpfygonf/ ysufp;D oGm;aom a[mfrmS a[mfa[mif;jzpf
a&S;jrefrmAdokumvuf&mtwkdif; aqmufxm;jcif;jzpfNyD; ,cka[mfopfrSm t*Fvdyfaus;vuf
pHtdrfrsm; ykHpHaqmufxm;onfha[mf jzpfonf/ a[mfopfqkdonfhtwkdif; ppfrjzpfrDu aqmuf
cJhonfha[mfjzpfonf[kod&\/
uRefawmfwkdYonf a[mfoHwHcg;0wGif &yf&if; a[mfopfBuD;udk arQmfMunfhMuonf/ uRef
awmfwkdYudk vkdufykdYonf tdrfonfrsm;uvnf; a[mfxJodkY0if&ef cyfqkdif;qkdif; jzpfaeMuykH&\/
uRefawmfu
]]OD;pkdif;pdefjrifhwkdYeJY tquftoG,fwkdY bmwkdY r&Sdbl;vm;}}
]]r&Sdbl;cifAs? udp0dp&SdrSyJ t0iftxGuf&SdMuw,f}}
]]'Dvq
dk &dk if aeygapawmhav/ uRefawmfwYdk 0ifMunfw
h t
hJ wGuf olwrYdk mS taESmift
h ,Suf
jzpfcsifjzpfaeyghr,f/ NyD;awmh pma&;q&mwkdY bmwkdYqkdawmh awGYcsifwJhqEvJ &Sdaumif;rS &Sdyg
vdrfhr,f/ uRefawmfwkdYuawmh avhvm&kHygyJ/ wjcm; bm&nf&G,fcsufrS r&Sdygbl;}}
]]udpr &Sb
d ;l av? uRefawmf0ifNyD; awGcY iG ahf wmif;Munfrh ,f/ ay;csifvJ ay;? ray;csifvJ
aeaygh/ ckvkd 0ifaygufuaeNyD; uRefawmfwkdYwpfodkuf vmMunfhaewmjrif&if wpfrsKd;wpfrnf
xifcsif xifoGm;Ekdifw,f/ uRefawmfoGm;ajymr,f}}
pkdif;pdefjrifhonf t,fvfaZ;&Sif;BuD;awG w0kef;0kef;a[mifaeonfhpHtdrfbufqDodkY cyf
okwfokwf xGufoGm;avonf/ acG;udkufrnfpkd;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYu vSrf;ac:ao;aomfvnf;
pkdif;pdefjrifhu oGm;NrJoGm;aeonf/ a[mfopfudk uRefawmfwkdY MunfhcsifrSef;odojzifh twif;0if
oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
cPMumonfhtcgwGif pdkif;pdefjrifh jyefxGufvmum. . .
]]vmyg q&mwkdY? MunfhEkdifygw,fwJh? uRefawmfajymcJhNyD;ygNyD}}
uRefawmfwkdYonf us,f0ef;onfha[mfBuD;xJodkY 0ifvmcJhMuonf/ a[mf0if;BuD;rSm t
jyifu Munf&h onfxuf yd
k us,f0ef;NyD; yd
k vSycrf;em;aeonfukd awG&Y \/ jrufcif;rSm aumif;
pGmjyKjyifxed ;f odr;f xm;onfjh rufcif;jzpfNyD; 0ufopfcsyifBuD;rsm;? xif&LS ;yifBuD;rsm;ESit
hf jcm;
uRefawmf trsKd;trnfrodaom tyifBuD;rsm;jzifh a0qmndKUrIdif;aeonf/ t*Fvdyfaus;vuf
oD[&wempmay

pHtdrfBuD;ESifhwlonfha[mfBuD;uvnf; uRefawmfwkdY xifonfxuf ydkcrf;em;vSyaeonf/ pH


tdrfrSm ESpfxyfwkdufBuD;jzpfNyD; ab;wGif taqmifxkwfxm;onf/ rD;ckd;a&mif wkdufeH&Hay:wGif
wkdufuyfEG,fawG wufaeMuonf/
tom;jzLjzL? t&yf redrfhrjrifh uRJaumfudkif; rsufrSefwyfxm;onfhtrsKd;orD;wpfOD;u
uRefawmfwkdYudk pHtdrftayguf0rSm qD;BudKonf/ trsKd;orD;rSm touf 30 avmufom &Sdao;
\/ oDaygapmfbGm;\tEG,fawmfwpfOD; jzpfrnf[k uRefawmfcefYrSef;Munfhygonf/
xkdtrsKd;orD;onf uRefawmfwkdYudk jyKH;&Tifazmfa&GpGm BudKqkdaomfvnf; pHtdrfxJodkY 0if
Munfh&ef zdwfac:jcif; rjyKyg/ uRefawmfwkdYuvnf; 0ifMunfh&ef cGifhrawmif;awmhyg/ pHtdrf
BuD;udk tjyifbufrSom vSnfhywfMunfh&IcJhNyD; 0if;jyifodkY xGufvmcJhMuonf/
oDaygrS uRefawmfwYdk xGuv
f monft
h cgwGif nae 4 em&DausmfaeavNyD/ oDaygESiv
hf m;
&I;d rSm 46 rkid af 0;avonf/ vrf;uvnf; aumif;? um;uvnf; um;aumif;jzpfojzifh uRefawmf
wkdYum;q&mpkdif;pHatmifonf onfc&D;avmufudk at;at;aq;aq; armif;Ekdifygonf/ t
u,f um;pufcsKdU,Gi;f aemufuscJo
h nf&adS omf NrdKUwGi;f od0Yk ifEidk af tmif vm;&I;d udk zke;f quf
xm;NyD;jzpfojzifh uRefawmfwkdYwawG oufaomifhoufom oGm;vmEkdifMuygonf/
oDaygrS xGufvkdufonfESifh'k|0wDudk awGY&awmhonf/ armfawmfum;vrf;onf tcsdef
awmfawmfMumonftxd 'k|0wDjrpfEiS Nhf ydKif ajy;aeonf/ vrf;ab;wpfzufwpfcsuf vdarmf
jcHrsm;wGif vdarmfoD;awG 0if;rSnfhaeMuavNyD/ avu vdarmfeHYjzifh oif;ysHYarT;xkHvsuf vdarmf
eHYoif;aomav/
vdarmfjcHrsm;udk vGefvQif uRef;awm&Gm? ,mcif;awG? &Gmuav;awGukdawGY&\/ oDayg
ESifhvm;&Id;Mum;rS &Icif;um; ajrjyefYvnf; r[kwf/ awmifwef;BuD;awGvnf; r[kwf/ edrfhjrifh
oGm;aeaom ajrjyifjzpfavonf/ wcsKdUawmifukef;uav;rsm;ay:wGif awmif,mawG pkduf
xm;Muonf/ wcsKdUajrjyefw
Y iG f *sKHcif;awG pdu
k x
f m;Muonf/ wcsKdUawmifwef;awGu ay 500
omom wpf0dkufavmufom &Sdrnfhawmifwef;edrfhedrfhuav;awG/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif aumfzDjcHrsm;
udk BudKMum;BudKMum; awGY&\/
uRefawmfonf vrf;ab;0J,m&Icif;udk Munfh&if; wpfykdif;wpfp zwfzl;aom oDaygapmf
bGm;taMumif;udk pOf;pm;vmcJhavonf/
jrefrmrif;quf\aemufqkH;rif;jzpfonfhoDaygrif;vufxuf eef;wGif;a&; &IyfaxG;vm
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

69

70

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

onft
h cgwGif eef;wGi;f a&;udpr sm;onf &Sr;f jynfe,fya'o&mZfapmfbmG ;rsm;\a[mfeef;rsm;
odv
Yk nf; ta&mif&u
dk cf wfvmcJah vonf/ oDaygrif;eef;wufonft
h cgwGif uaemifrif;om;\
om;awmf vif;yifrif;om;udk armfvNrdKifNrdKUodyYk u
Ykd m tapmift
h a&Smufrsm;jzifh xm;cJo
h nf/ armf
vNrdKifwGifaepOf usKdif;wkHapmfbGm;\vlrsm;ESifhtquftoG,f&um vif;yifuGefzuf'a&pDudk
xlaxmif&ef &Sr;f jynfe,foYkd xGuo
f mG ;cJo
h nf/ xked ef;wGi;f a&;wGif oDaygapmfbmG ;onf rnfonfh
bufodkYrQ rygbJ &efukefodkY xGufajy;cJhonf/ txufjrefrmEkdifiHudk t*FvdyfwkdY odrf;vkdufonfh
tcgwGif oDaygapmfbGm;onf rEav;wGif &kH;pdkufonfht*Fvdyf0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD;ESifhtquf
toG,f oGm;a&muf,lcJhonf/ oDaygapmfbGm;um; &Srf;jynfe,ftyodkYxGuf t*FvdyfwkdYESifh
yxrqkH; tquftoG,f,lonfhapmfbGm;ygwnf;/
t*FvdyfwkdYu olYudk *kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh 0dwkd&d,bk&ifrBuD;\eef;wufyGJ aiG&wkobif
odkY wufcGifhay;cJhavonf/ xkdYaemuf rsufpda&m*guk&ef bdvyfodkY xGufoGm;onfhtcg 0dwkd&d,
bk&ifrBuD;u apmfbGm;BuD;tm; vufcHawGYqkHjcif; jyKcJhonf/ apmfbGm;BuD;r&SdkcdkufwGif bdvyf
odkY tif*sifeD,moGm; oif&mrS jyefa&mufvmonfhom;awmf apmcs,fu t*FvdyftMuHay;
t&m&SdwpfOD;\tultnDjzifh oDayge,fudk qufvuftkyfcsKyfcJhonf/ apmfbGm;BuD;uG,fvGef
onfhtcgwGif apmcs,fu qufvuftkyfcsKyfcJh&m aemifwGif qmapmcs,f[k jzpfvmcJhonf/
apmfbGm;BuD; qmapmcs,fudk owd&onfhtcgwGif tqkdawmfBuD;a':apmjrat;Munf
udkyg wpfqufwnf; owd&rdygonf/ pifppf olwkdYESpfOD;\udk,fa&;ukd,fwm tjzpftysufrsm;
onf uRefawmfwkdYESifhbmrQrqkdifyg/ odkY&mwGif rkd;a'0gvkd oDcsif;rsKd;udk a':apmjrat;Munf
a&;Ekdifavmufatmif tm;ay;ajrmufpm;cJhonfholYtEkynmjrwfEkd;pdwfukdrl todtrSwftjyK
yJ raeEkdifyg/ oDaygapmfbGm;onf apmif;q&mBuD;q&mNidrf;? ,if;awmfrav;? bm*smq&m
vTm; polwkdYudkvnf; ac:,lajrmufpm;cJhavonf/
oDaygapmfbGm;BuD;qmapmcs,f\om;rSm apmMumtkHjzpfavonf/ apmfbGm;BuD;apm
MumtkHonf ppfrjzpfrDuav;wGif uG,fvGeftedpa&mufcJhonf/ apmMumtkHvufxuf arm&pf
aumvpf &Srf;jynfe,fa&mufoGm;pOf ,ck uRefawmfwdkY MunfhcJhonfha[mfopfudk arm&pfaum
vpfu wcrf;wem; zGJYcJhavonf/
]]&Srf;jynfe,f apmfbGm;rsm;xJwGif oDaygapmfbGm;um; acwftqefqkH;? tcsrf;omqkH;
jzpfayonf}}[k wpfae&mwGif arm&pfaumvpfu a&;cJhavonf/

oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

71

uRefawmfwkdY um;q&mpdkif;pHatmifonf *dwfrydwfrD vm;&Id;okdYa&mufatmif um;ukd t


jyif;armif;vmcJh&m 6 em&D rxkd;rD ig;rdepftvkdwGif vm;&Id;NrdKUwGif;odkY 0ifEkdifcJhavonf/ uRef
awmfwkdY wnf;ckd&dyfomjzpfonfhvm;&Id;jynfolYaq;&kHBuD;xJu acw{nfh&dyfom vkyfxm;&m t
aqmifodkYvmcJhMu\/
uRefawmfwkdYrSm vm;&Id;odkY cPom a&mufcJhMuaomfvnf; vm;&Id;wGif wpfnrQ rtdyf&
ao;/ a&mufonfhaeYuwnf;u c&D;xGufcJhMuojzifh vm;&Id;NrdKU\ncsrf;udkvnf; wpfcgrQ r
jrifzl;Muao;/
tvGefcsrf;aomfvnf; c&D;yef;ojzifh a&rcsKd;bJ raeEkdifyg/ csrf;csrf;jzifh a&csKd;tyef;
ajzNyD;aemuf vm;&Id;naeaps;odkY wpfywfavQmufMunhfMuonf/
vm;&Id;wGif aeYpOf aps;BuD;tjyif reufzufwGif zGifhonfhw&kwfaps;vnf; &Sdao;\/
w&kwfaps;rSm w&kwfjynfrSvmonfhypnf;rsKd;pkHudk a&mif;onfhaps;jzpfonf/ yef;uefpkHtrsKd;
rsKd;? txnftvdyftrsKd;rsKd;? em&DtrsKd;rsKd;? "mwfbl;trsKd;rsKd;? rsufESmokwfyk0g? vufESdyf
"mwfrD;? "mwfcJ? tvSukefypnf;rsm;? pma&;ud&d,mrsm;? tdyf&mcif;? zdeyf? uav;0wftaEG;
xnf? twGi;f abmif;bD? vufuikd yf 0k gpojzifh ypn;f trsKd;trnfpv
Hk yS gonf/ reufw&kwaf ps;
onf 11 em&DavmufwGif aps;uGJoGm;avonf/ nae 3 em&DausmfvQif uRefawmfwkdY wnf;ckd
&m aq;&kBH uD;a&SUwGif naeaps;BuD; pjyefonf/ naeaps;wGiv
f nf; xked nf;twkid ;f yif/ ypn;f
pkv
H yS gonf/ w&kwyf pn;f ? ,k;d ',m;ypn;f ? *syefypn;f ? tar&duefypn;f ponfjzifh Ekid if jH cm;
ypnf;trsKd;rsKd;udk awGY&\/ aps;onfrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh w&kwftrsKd;om;rsm;ESifh&Srf;w
&kwftrsKd;om;rsm;jzpfMuNyD; jrefrmESifh&Srf;rSm tenf;pkom jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf aps;udk wpfywf ywfrdMuonfqkd&kHrQ avQmufMunfhNyD;aemuf jyefvm
cJhMuonf/ &dyfomrdwfqkHyGJuav;wpfck pDpOfxm;aomaMumifh tcsdefrDjyef&jcif;jzpf\/
rdwq
f yHk u
JG av;[k ajym&jcif;rSm tjcm;aMumifh r[kwyf g/ pmayudk pdw0f ifpm;onfah q;
&kHrdom;pkrsm;ESifhuRefawmfwkdYwpfawGom ygonfhxrif;0kdif;uav; jzpfaomaMumifh xkdodkYajym
&jcif;jzpfygonf/ uarmZcifvIdifonf oludk,fwkdifom pmayukd 0goemygonfr[kwf/ olESifh
eD;pyf&m aq;&kt
H rIxrf;rsm;udv
k nf; pmzwfatmif wku
d w
f eG ;f onf/ olEiS v
hf yk af zmfuikd zf ufq&m
0efBuD;i,frsm;udkvnf; pmzwf&ef wkdufwGef;onf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(13)
0ifOwifyGKdif odkYr[kwf vm;&Id;

72

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

xkdnu uRefawmfwkdYESifhrdwfqkHyGJodkY vmMuolrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh q&m0efrsm;jzpfMu


avonf/ uarmZcifvidI o
f nf olv
Y yk af zmfuikd zf ufq&m0efrsm;ESihf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd rdwq
f ufay;
\/ t&yfaxmifaxmifarmif;armif; tom;jzLjzLESifht*Fvdyfpum;udk vSyoGufvufpGm ajym
Ekdifonfha'gufwmapm&efEkdif? t&yfykyk rkwfqdwfarT; EIwfcrf;arT;wkdYudk pifMu,fpGm &dwfxm;NyD;
tmacgifjcpf &,fwwfaom txl;ukorm;awmfBuD;a'gufwmodef;[ef? t&yf&Snfoavmuf
toHus,faom t&kd;uktq&m0efBuD;a'gufwmatmifoef;? pum;udk trQrjywf ajymwwf
onfhrsufpdtxl;ukq&m0efBuD; a'gufwmausmfOD;? a'gufwmMunfpdk;? a'gufwmatmifxGef;
polrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
q&m0efrsm;xJwiG f jrefrmpmzwfol awmfawmfenf;ygonf/ pmayukd pdw0f ifpm;olvnf;
awmfawmfenf;ygonf/ uRefawmfhrdwfaqG q&m0efBuD;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm pmrzwfMuyg/
oufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yfwpfckudk ydkifqkdifxm;onfhtwwfynm&Sif? todynm&SiftrsKd;
rsKd;wGif aq;ynm&yfudk wwfuRrf;xm;onfhq&m0efvlwef;pm;onf olwkdYtwwfynmom
vQif avmuBuD;wGif ta&;tBuD;qkH;[k xifwwfMuum useftwwfynm[lorQonf t
ao;tzGJ[kxifMuykH&ygonf/ onfrSmvnf; obm0usygonf/ twwfynmtaygif;wkdY
teuf avmuwGif ta&;tBuD;qkH;jzpfaomfvnf; vl\cEmudk,fpuf,E&m;BuD;udk jyifqif
zmax;ay;Ekdifolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtwGuf olwkdYudk,folwkdY odkYxifMuonfrSmvnf; bmrQr
qef;yg/
odkY&mwGif vm;&Id;wGif uRefawmfawGYcJh&aom q&m0efrsm;um; txiftjrifrsKd; t
enf;ESifhtrsm; uif;pifMuonf[k uRefawmfxifrdavonf/
rdwfqkHpm;yGJtNyD;wGif ESpfjcif;omoemjyKausmif; aiG&wkobifyGJodkY oGm;MunfhvkdufMu
ao;\/
ESpjf cif;omoemjyKausmif; aiG&wkobifrmS vm;&I;d NrdKUtwkid ;f twmjzifMh unfv
h Qif awmf
awmfBuD;us,fonfhyGJBuD;wpf&yf[k ajymEkdifavonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif&Sdonfhwkdif;
&if;om;toD;oD;wkdYteuf &Srf;? &Srf;w&kwf? yavmif? 0? vm;[l? udk;uefY? vDa&Smponfhwkdif;
&if;om;rsm;rSm Ak'bmom0ifrsm;aomfvnf;aumif;? &kd;&mewfudk;uG,folrsm;aomfvnf;
aumif;jzpfMuNyD; ucsiftrsKd;om;trsm;pkrSm c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm; jzpfMuavonf/
vm;&Id;wGif usif;yonfhESpfjcif;omoemjyKausmif; aiG&wkobifyGJwGif ucsifrsm;ukd
trsm;qkH; awGY&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf ucsiftrsKd;om;wkdY\axmifumtu? &kd;&maw;*Dw
ESifhtuwkdYudk avQmufMunfhNyD;aemuf ucsifjyZmwfudk MunfhcJhMuonf/ ucsifpum;udk em;r
oD[&wempmay

vnfojzifh aumif;pGm t&omrcHwwfyg/ acwfay:jyZmwfrsKd;jzpfojzifh ucsifpum;wwfvQif


rl ucsifwkdif;&if;om;wkdY\jyZmwftaMumif; enf;enf;yg;yg; odEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif uRef
awmfwkdYESifhtwloGm;olrsm;xJwGif ucsifpum;wwfol wpfa,mufrQ rygcJhojzifh cPMunfh?
yGJaps;avQmufNyD; jyefcJhMuonf/
aemufwpfaeY 'DZifbm 25 &ufaeY jzpfavonf/
reuftapmBuD; xNyD; a&ylprf;odkY a&csKd;oGm;Mu\/ a&ylprf;rSm vm;&Id;NrdKUjyifwGif &Sd
&m armfawmfum;&SdolwkdYu armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh xGufMuNyD; wcsKdUu bkdifpu,frsm;jzifh oGm;
Muonf/ reufcif; ESif;xkBuD;xJwGif armfawmfum;a&SUrD;udk zGifhum wjznf;jznf; armif;Mu&
\/ rD;a&mifxJwGif bkdifpu,frsm;jzifh a&ylprf;bufodkY a&csKd;oGm;aeMuonfhtrsKd;om;? t
rsKd;orD;rsm;udk tkyfvkdufawGY&onf/ trsm;tm;jzifh w&kwftrsKd;om;? trsKd;orD;rsm;jzpfMu
avonf/ vm;&Id;BuD;odkYta&muf vrf;rBuD;rS ,mbufodkYcsKd;NyD; okH;av;rkdifcefY armif;oGm;
vQif a&ylprf;odaYk &mufavonf/ a&ylprf;wGif uRefawmfwx
Ydk uf apma&mufaeolrsm;udv
k nf;
awGY&\/
vm;&Id;a&ylprf;rSm obm0tavsmuf xGufaoma&ukd tkwfuefBuD;rsm;jzifh qnfxm;
NyD; a&ul;uefozG,jf zpfatmif vkyx
f m;jcif; jzpfonf/ atmufwiG f EGaH wG&o
dS jzifh uefMurf;jyif
udk opfom;rsm;jzifh cif;xm;\/ uefxJodkYa&qif;csKd;vkdvQif csKd;Ekdifonf/ uefxJwGif rcsKd;vkd
vQif ykdufjzifh oG,fxm;onfha&csKd;cef;uav;rsm;vnf; oufouf&Sdao;onf/
uRefawmfwkdYrSm trsm;ESihfa&mum uefxJrSmyif csKd;Mu\/ ESif;rIefrsm;aMumifhvnf;
aumif;? a&ylprf;rSxGufonfhtaiGYrsm;aMumifhvnf;aumif; uefwpf0kdufwGif bmudkrQ oJoJuGJ
uGJ rjrif&yg/ vl&yd rf nf;rnf;rsm;uko
d m jrif&onf/ tem;uyfMunfrh S rnforl nf0g cGEJ idk yf gonf/
a&ylprf;u xGufaoma&rSm awmfawmfylygonf/ umwGef;ajrZmrSm ylvGef;ojzifh ajc
axmufcsvkduf jyefwufoGm;vdkufjzifh qkwfqkwfqkdif;qkdif; jzpfaeonf/ 'DZifbmv reufapm
apmBuD;xJwGif tuscRwfxm;NyD; abmif;bDwkduav;udk 0wfxm;ojzifh ukef;ay:wGifvnf;
MumMumraeEkid yf g/
uRefawmfum; a&yluefxJodkY wcgwnf; ckefqif;vkdufavonf/ &kwfw&ufaomf wpf
udk,fvkH; ylavmifoGm;\/ odkY&mwGif ig;rdepfaevkdufonfhtcgwGif aevkdYaumif;&kHjzpfoGm;av
onf/ uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf a&ylprf;rSm a&csKd;MuNyD;aemuf a&ylprf;teD;wGi&f o
dS nfah ps;qkid w
f ef;
uav;udk avQmufMunfhMuonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh pm;p&m aomufp&m qkdifrsm;jzpfygonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

73

74

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

&Srf;xrif;csOf? vufzuf&nf? tcsKd&nf? tcg;&nf ponfwkdYudk a&mif;onfhqkdifrsm;aywnf;/


rl;,pfvkdvQif rl;,pfp&m ,rumt&nfrsm;vnf; &Ekdifavonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf a&ylprf;
wGif a&csKd;NyD;aemuf udk,faEG;oGm;atmif &Srf;t&uf wpfusyfzkd;pD 0,faomufMuonf/ &Srf;
jynfe,fwGif t&ufrsKd;pkHvSygonf/ wHqdyftrsKd;rsKd; wyfxm;onfha'oxGuf &Srf;t&uf? u
csift&ufawG aygygonf/ ykvif;vkduf aomufcsifvQifvnf; &onf/ odkYr[kwf vufzuf&nf
Murf;yef;uefeD;eD; wpfusyfzkd;avmuf aomufvnf; &onf/ wpfusyfzkd;qkdvQif t&uf tnHh
taumif;udkvkduf vufzuf&nfMurf; wpfyef;uef odkYr[kwf wpfyef;uefrJhrJh &avonf/
a&ylprf;rS jyefvmNyD;aemuf vm;&Id;reufaps;BuD;udk 0ifMunfhMuonf/ vm;&Id;wGif aeY
wkid ;f tcsdejf ynfzh iG o
hf nfAh [kad ps;BuD;tjyif teufyikd ;f wGif &So
d nfh w&kwaf ps;vnf; &Sad o;onf/
w&kwaf ps;rSm w&kwyf pn;f oufoufjzpfNyD; rlvu w&kwyf pn;f rQruawmhyg/ Ekid if jH cm;ypn;f
rsKd;pkH a&mifaeygNyD/ uRefawmf pdwft0ifpm;qkH;rSm w&kwfjynfvkyf aq;0g;rsm;jzpfavonf/
w&kwaf ps;xJwiG f w&kww
f idk ;f &if;aq; trsKd;rsKd;omru w&kwjf ynfvyk f acwfrt
D aemufwidk ;f
aq;rsKd;pkHudkvnf; awGY&onf/ acgif;udkufaysmufaq;? acsmif;qkd;aysmufaq;? ADwmrifaq;
jym;trsKd;rsKd;? iSufzsm;jzwfaq;? xkd;aq;ponfjzifh rsKd;pkHvSygonf/ txl;ojzifh ADwmrifpD
aq;jym;ESifhiSufzsm;jzwfaq;rSm tqifhtwef;jrifhonf[kod&avonf/ vm;&Id;u ukd,fydkif
aq;cef;rsm;onf t0,f&cufonfhbDyDtkdifaq;rsm;ESifhaps;BuD;onfhtaemufwkdif;vkyfaq;
0g;rsm;ae&mwGif w&kwfjynfvkyf acwfrDaq;0g;rsm;udk tpm;xkd;okH;pGJaeonf[k odcJh&av
onf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf 0,fcsdefr&onfhtwGufaMumifhvnf;aumif;? a&SUwGif vm;&Id;xuf
ypn;f trsKd;pkNH yD; vm;&I;d xuf aps;oufomonfah e&mrsm;odYk oGm;&ef&adS o;onft
h wGuaf Mumifh
vnf;aumif; bmypnf;rQ r0,fcJhMuyg/
aps;udk wpfywfvn
S Mhf unfNh yD;aomf uarmZcifvidI \
f wynfh ukpd rd ;f armifonf uRefawmf
wkdYudk xrif;qkdifwpfqkdifodkY ac:oGm;avonf/
]]q&mwkdYudk a'otpm;taomufuav;awG auR;vkdufygOD;vkdY uRefawmfhudk q&mBuD;
u rSmxm;vkdY}}
ol ac:oGm;onfq
h idk rf mS ]ikww
f w
k q
f idk }f [kac:onf&h rS ;f tpm;taomufrsm; a&mif;onfh
qkid jf zpfonf/ qkid u
f crf;em;aomfvnf; pm;yGyJ u
k av;awG? acG;ajcykuav;awGukd csxm;aom
aMumifh ikwfwkwfqkdif[k ac:aMumif; od&\/ xkdaeYreufu udkpdrf;armif rSm,lauR;aom &Srf;
tpm;tpmrsm;rSm erfw
h aHk c: 0ufom;aygif;? erfah ygifac: om;a&aMumf? ,rf;pdr;f ESiahf mwif,m
oD[&wempmay

qefap;ap;udk e,fum tpdrf;vkduf tcsOfxnfhxm;onfh0ufom;csnfaMumf? wkdY[l;aMumf? rkefY


nif;apm? rkefYnif;wpfrsKd;udk vSD; tpdrf;okwfxm;onfhatmfqGef;? rkefYnif;ESifh0ufom;? 0uf
om;ESifhrQpfcsOf? qDEkdifEkdifjzifh aMumfxm;onfhi&kwfaMumf ponfwkdY jzpfavonf/ &Srf;jynfe,f
ajrmufydkif;odkYa&mufvQif 0ufom;udk a&Smif&ef awmfawmfcufygonf/ &Srf;w&kwf[if;awmf
awmfrsm;rsm;onf 0ufom;udk trsKd;rsKd; jyKjyifpDrHxm;onfh[if;rsm;om jzpfMuonf/ awmif
ydkif;ESifhuGmonfhtcsufwpfcsufudkvnf; awGY&ao;onf/ ,if;rSm rkefYnif;udk t"duxm;
pm;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;wGif yJykyfudk trsm;tjym;pm;avh&Sdovkd &Srf;jynf
e,fajrmufydkif;wGifvnf; rkefYnif;udk t"duxm; pm;onfudk awGYcJh&onf/
abmfwGif;? erwlESifherfhcrf;wkdYodkY a&mufpOf tvkyform;rsm;\xrif;csKdifhudk zGifhMunfhcJh
&m olwkdYxrif;csKdifhxJwGif bmrQryg/ xrif;ESifhrkefYnif;csOfom ygonfudk awGYcJh&ygonf/
uarmZcifvdIifonf olYwynfhrsm;udk uRefawmfwkdYtzGJYESifhwpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpD xnfh
&mwGif rnfodkYrnfykH a&G;xnfhxm;onfudk uRefawmfwkdY rodyg/ odkY&mwGif onfc&D;udk onfxD;
ESifh? onfvrf;udk onfyef;ESifh qkdonfhpum;uJhodkY olYtvSnfhESifhol tH0ifcGifusjzpfatmif vl
a&G; xnfhvkdufykHudk uRefawmf owdjyKrdavonf/ pmpum; aypum; ajym&rnfhc&D;rsKd;ukd
uRefawmfwEYdk iS t
hf wl pmMunfw
h u
dk rf LS ;armifyifeu
D dk vku
d yf gapNyD; wnf;ckad &;? aexkid af &;ponf
wkEYd iS yhf wfouf pum;ajymp&m&So
d nfch &D;rsKd;wGif taxGaxGpma&;BuD;ud&k moufukd xnfah vh
&Sdonf/ ,cktpm;aomufudprsKd;wGif b@mpdk;BuD;udkpdrf;armifudk xnhfvkdufjcif;rSmvnf; olY
ae&mESifhol tH0ifcGifus jzpfaeavonf/
udkpdrf;armifrSm rEav;om;jzpfonf[k od&avonf/ vm;&Id;aq;&kHBuD;wGif trIxrf;
onfrmS MumvSayNyD/ xkaYd Mumifh olonfvnf; vm;&I;d om;wpfyikd ;f jzpfaeonf[q
k Edk idk yf gonf/
t&yfaxmifaxmifarmif;armif; 00zkdifhzkdifh tom;jzLjzLESifhjzpfonf/ udkpdrf;armifum; tpm;
taomufaumif;udk pm;wwf&kHrQru vm;&Id;wGif b,fpm;aomufqkdifu aumif;onf? b,f
pm;aomufqkdifu b,f[if; txl;aumif;onfudk aumif;aumif;odoljzpfavonf/
xdak eYreufu ikww
f w
k q
f idk w
f iG f udpk rd ;f armif auR;vdu
k o
f nf&h rS ;f xrif;? &Sr;f [if;rSm uRef
awmfwkdYwpfoufwGif yxrqkH;pm;zl;aom&Srf;[if;ppfppfawG jzpfygonf/
&dyfomodkY jyef cPem;NyD; 12 em&DcGJwGif a[majymyGJpavonf/ a[majymyGJukd vm;&Id;
NrdKUawmfcef;rBuD;wGif usif;yjcif;jzpf\/ vm;&Id;onf vlaygif;pkHaom NrdKUBuD;wpfNrdKUjzpfonfh
twGuf pmayy&dowf od&Sdvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmfrxifcJhMuyg/ uRefawmfwkdY tawGYtMuKH&ajym
&vQif NrdKUi,fuav;rsm;u pmaya[majymyGrJ sm;u odyo
f nf;uspfvpfum pnfum;oku
d Nf rdKuf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

75

76

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

avh&SdNyD; NrdKUBuD;rsm;rS a[majymyGJrsm;rSm usJawmufawmufEkdifonfudk awGY&onf/ vm;&Id;pm


qkdawmfyGJrSm uRefawmfwkdYarQmfvifhxm;onfxuf pnfum;odkufNrdKufonfudk awGY&ay\/
]]aem q&mwkdY tm;&yg;& a[m&r,faem? rcsKdeJYaem}}
uarmZcifvidI f pum;ajymvQif ]aem}qko
d nfph um;jzifh tpcsDNyD;rS ol ajymvk&d mudk ajym
avh&Sdonf/ ]aem}qkdonfhpum;vkH;onf uarmZcifvIdif\trSwfvuPmjzpfaeavonf/
]]y&dowf tajctaeudkvJ Munfh&OD;rSmayghq&m&JU/ uRefawmfwkdY a[mcsifwkdif; a[m
aevkdY jzpfwmrS r[kwfyJ}}
vm;&Id;pmqkdawmf a[majymyGJwGif obmywdtjzpf pmqkdawmfaumfrwDOu|OD;byku
aqmif&GufNyD; tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf q&mra':pyfwifzkef;u aqmif&Gufavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf uarmZcifvIdif wkdufwGef;onfhtwkdif; vm;&Id;wGif tm;&yg;& a[m
vku
d Mf uonf/ aeYv,f 11 em&Dcu
JG ponfah [majymyGo
J nf nae 5 em&DausmfrS NyD;awmhonf/
nae 5 em&DqkdvQif vm;&Id;wGif tarSmiforf;p jyKavNyD/ uRefawmfwkdYonf 'kaq;&kH
tkyfBuD; a'gufwm&mh*sdyg;vf tdrfrSm npm pm;aomufMuNyD;aemuf wnf;cdk&dyfomodkYjyefcJhMu
onf/
&dyfomwGif uRefawmfwkdYESifh pmayaqG;aEG;&ef apmifhaeMuonfhy&dowfukd awGY&\/ a'
oaumvdyfrS ausmif;q&mrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;? vli,frsm;? aq;&kHrS q&m0efrsm;ESifhaq;&kH
trIxrf;rsm;? trsKd;orD;q&m0eftcsKdUESiq
hf &mrrsm;tjyif rkid ;f aighrS a&mufaeaom ausmif;
tkyfq&mrBuD;ukdvnf; awGY&avonf/ rkdif;aighrS ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;rSm uRefawmfwkdYa[m
ajymyGJudk oDaygwGif rrDvkdufojzifh vm;&Id;odkYa&mufvmpOf vma&mufem;axmifNyD; uRefawmf
wkdYudk rkdif;aighodkY vmEkdifjcif; &Sd r&Sd vma&mufpkHprf;jcif; jzpfavonf/
odkY&mwGif uRefawmfwkdYonf rkdif;aighokdY roGm;jzpfcJhyg/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf vm;&I;d NrdKUodYk euf&idI ;f pGm rjrif&ao;? tay:,Huo
kd m jrif&ao;onf/
tu,fom &uf&Snfvrsm; aexkdifNyD; vm;&Id;ukd avhvmEkdifrnfqkdvQif vGefpGm pdwf0ifpm;
p&maumif;onfhZmwfvrf;rsm;ukdom &Ekdifayvdrfhrnf/
oD[&wempmay

vm;&I;d udk tvsifwek ;f u ]0ifOwifyKG id }f [kac:onf/ jrefrmhou&mZf 1037 ckEpS ?f (c&pf


ESpf 1775 ckESpfwGif) &Srf;rif; apmrdefw&vkHu OwifyGKdifudk odEDapmfbGm;tjzpf cefYtyfvkduf
onf/ OwifyGKdifonf olYNrdKUawmfudk vm;&Id;teD;wGif&Sdonfh erfh&kd;odkYajymif;vmcJhonf/ xkdt
csderf pS xkad e&mudk ]0ifOwifyKG id }f [kac:cJah vonf/ apmfbmG ;0ifOwifyKG id o
f nf xkt
d &yfrmS ae
odEDe,fudk 7 ESpfwkdifwkdif tkyfcsKyfcJhonf/ xkdYaemufwGif olYae&mukd ausmufqef0efu quf
cHcJhonf/ vm;&Id;[lonfhtrnfrSm aemufrSwGifonfhtrnfjzpfavonf/ xkdtrnf\AsLyGwfudk
rl uRefawmfwkdY rodcJhyg/

(14)
vm;&I d ; rS tJ e ef ; rk d i f ; qk d i f
vm;&Id;a[majymyGJ y&dowfxJwGif uRefawmfhrdwfaqGwpfOD;udk rarQmfvifhbJ awGY&\/
a[majymyGJrprD a&SUwef;wGif uRefawmfxkdifaepOf uRefawmfhudk rdwfaqGwpfa,mufu
awGYvkdaMumif;jzifh a[majymyGJwm0efcHwpfOD;u vma&muftaMumif;Mum;avonf/ olESifht
wlvu
dk v
f monft
h cg cef;0wGif &yfaeonf&h yk &f nfoefo
Y efjY yefjY yefY &Sr;f trsKd;orD;BuD;wpfa,muf
udk awGY&avonf/
xkdtrsKd;orD;BuD;rSm touf 50 ausmf 60 twGif;avmuf&SdavNyD/ qHyifwkdYwGif aiG
a&miforf;pjyKaeNyD/ &Srf;trsKd;orD;wkdY\pHjzifh MunfhvQif tom;tenf;i,f ndKonf[kajym
Ekid af omfvnf; us,fjyefo
Y nfrh [mezl;? pl;&Sawmufajymifonfrh sufv;Hk rsm;? cyfa&;a&;ay:ae
onfhav;axmifhusus ar;&kd;ESifhrsOf;ajzmifhwpfaMumif;vkd wef;aeonfhrxlryg; EIwfcrf;tpkH
wkdYukd Munfh xufjrufonfhtrsKd;orD;wpfOD;rSef; csufcsif;odEkdifygonf/ trsKd;orD;BuD;onf
vuf&SnftustjzLa&mif? tndKa&mifrIdif; ygwdwfvkHcsnfwkYdukd 0wfxm;NyD; xkH;ajcmufa&mif
y0gwpfxnfudk ykckH;ay:wGif pkHcsxm;onf/
xkt
d rsKd;orD;BuD;u uRefawmfu
h kd jyKH; EIwq
f ufonfw
h idk f uRefawmf Za0Z0gjzpfaeqJ/
]]q&m uRefrudk rSwfrd&JUvm;? q&m ygw,fMum;vkdY a[majymyGJudk vmem;axmifwm}}
[laom toHudk Mum;rS olYudk rSwfrdawmhonf/
tjcm;olr[kw/f uRefawmhrf w
d af qGa[mif;wpfO;D jzpfaom tJeef;rkid ;f qkid f odrYk [kwf eef;
qG,f/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

77

78

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

vGefcJhaom 5 ESpfavmufu rkd;rdwfodkY a&mufoGm;pOf olwkdYtdrfrSm uRefawmfwnf;cJhav


onf/ ckdufckdufwkef rdk;rdwfaqmif;nrsm;wGif uRefawmfonf b,fudkrs rxGufEkdifbJ eef;qG,f
wkdYtdrf {nfhcef;aqmifrD;vif;zkdwGif rD;vIH&if; eef;qG,fESifhpum;vufqkH uscJhMuzl;ygonf/
uav;awGu olYudk ygqG,f(BuD;a':qG,f)[kac:ojzifh uRefawmfuvnf; uav;awG
ac:ovkd ]ygqG,f}[kac:cJhavonf/
]ygqG,f b,fvkdvkyfNyD; vm;&Id;udk a&mufaewmvJ/ rkd;rdwfrSm r[kwfawmhbl;vm;}}
]]r[kwfawmhbl; q&m&JU? uav;awGvJ vm;&Id;a'oaumvdyfrSm a&mufukefMuNyD? 'D
awmh olwkdY&Sd&mudk vkdufae&w,f/ OD;yGuawmh rkd;rdwfrSmyJ/ uRefreJYuav;awGuom vm;&Id;
udk vmaeMuwm/ rkd;rdwfu t&ifvkd r[kwfawmhbl;q&m&JU}}
t&ifvkd r[kwfawmhqkdonfrSm rnfonfudk qkdvkdaMumif; uRefawmf rodyg/ ygqG,fu
vnf; &Sif;rjyyg/ uRefawmfuvnf; rar;rdyg/
]]q&m rjyefcif tdrfudk vmcJhygOD;? xrif;av; bmav;auR;vkduf&atmif? pum;vJ
ajym&atmif}}[k ygqG,fu uRefawmfhudk zdwfygonf/ vm;&Id;rSom jyefvma&m ygqG,fwkdYtdrf
udk uRefawmf ra&mufcJh&/ EIwfyif qufcsdefr&cJh/
tJeef;rdik ;f qkid f ac: eef;qG,rf mS 0wKa&;q&mwkYd pdw0f ifpm;wwfaom Zmwfaqmifp&ku
d f
trsKd;tpm; jzpfavonf/
tJeef;rkdif;qkdifac: eef;qG,fac: ygqG,fonf rkdif;&,fapmfbGm;vufatmufwGif trI
xrf;onfhxrkefwpfa,muf\orD;jzpfonf/ olYtazonf wpfOD;wnf;orD;jzpfonfheef;qG,f
udk jrif;pD;oifay;onf/ "m;ckwfoifay;onf/ aoewfypfoifay;onf/ eef;qG,fonf jrif;
aumif;aumif;pD;wwfonf/ vrf;xkd;? okH;acsmif;axmuf? tom;us? av;zuf? uqkef'kef;
ponfjzifh jrif;udk trsKd;rsKd;pD;Ekdifonf/ tazu olYudk awmvkdufac:oGm;wwfonf/ aoewf
ypfvnf; ajzmifhonf/ "m;okdif;vnf; uRrf;usifonf/ owdvnf; aumif;onf/ wGif rkdif;
&,fapmfbGm;\r[ma'0Du olYudk oabmusoGm;um twGif;aqmifwGif; cpm;aponf/
rkdif;&,fapmfbGm;\r[ma'0DxHwGif eef;qG,fcpm;aepOf tazwkdYvlodkuf acgif;aqmif
um rkdif;&,f apmfbGm;udk ykefuefMuonf/ rkdif;&,fapmfbGm;u tazhudk tao&& t&Sif&& rd
vQif qkaiGay;rnf[k trdefYxkwf\/ eef;qG,fudkvnf; olYtazudk vkduf&Smay;&ef wkdufwGef;
oD[&wempmay

onf/ odkY&mwGif eef;qG,f r&SmEkdif/ tazonf b,fawm b,fawmifodkY a&mufaeNyDukdvnf;


olvnf; aumif;aumif; odonfr[kw/f odjYk zifh eef;qG,af c:tJeef;rdik ;f qkid o
f nf t&Sio
f cif
ESifhtazhMum;wGif Asmrsm;aecJhonf/
'kwd,urmppfBuD;jzpfyGm; *syefwkdYa&mufvmonfhtcgwGif rkdif;&,fapmfbGm;ESifhr[m
a'0DwkdY uGef[def;bufodkY xGufajy;Muonf/ eef;qG,fudkvnf; ac:oGm;Mu\/ uGef[def;udk *s
yefwo
Ydk rd ;f onft
h cgwGif rkid ;f &,fapmfbmG ;ESirhf [ma'0Dwo
Ydk nf ta>ct&Hrsm;ESit
hf wl uGe[
f ed ;f
ta&SUbuf awmifwef;rsm;ay:&Sd bDvl;r*lokdY oGm;ykef;atmif;aeMujyefonf/ eef;qG,fwkdY
wpfodkuf bDvl;r*lBuD;xJrSm aeMu&\/ b,fudkrQ xGuf r&/ nnusrS prf;acsmif;odkY qif;
a&cyfxu
G Mf u&onf/ eef;qG,o
f nf tazESit
hf arhudk vGr;f vSNyD/ bDv;l r*lxw
J iG f &dum awG?
pnfoGwfbl;awG tjynfhavSmifxm;ojzifh tpm;taomuftwGuf bmrQryl&/ odkY&mwGif eef;
qG,fonf onfpnfoGwfbl;awGxuf rkefnif;csOfESifhyJykyfwkdYudk ydk trSwf&onf/ olaecsif
onfu uGi;f jyifawGxrJ mS awmawG awmifawGxrJ mS jrif;pD;&if;? trJvu
dk &f if;? aoewfypf&if;
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aecsifonf/ ,ck ol ae&onfu tusOf;axmifvkdvkd? ajrwkdufvkdvkd rnf;
arSmifaeonfhbDvl;r*lBuD;xJrSm/ eef;qG,fonf &GmodkYjyefcsifaeonf/ ,ckavmufqkdvQif olY
tazonfvnf; toufESifhudk,f NrJrSNrJygao;\avm/ taraum &SdrS &Sdygao;\avm/
wpfnwGirf l eef;qG,f raeEkid af wmh/ bDv;l r*lrS wpfa,mufwnf; xGuaf jy;vmcJo
h nf/
tazwkdYvlokdufonf onfem;wpf0kdufwGif &Sdonf[k Mum;&ojzifh xGufajy;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ uH
tm;avsmfpGm uGef[def;qdyfurf; erfhyefacsmif;ul;wkdYqdyfwGif tazESifhoGm;awGYMuonf/ tar
wpfa,mufrl ajy;&if;vTm;&if; qkH;cJhNyD/
eef;qG,o
f nf tazESiahf wGo
Y nft
h cgwGif jrif;wpfp;D ESiahf oewfwpfvuf&onf/ xkjd rif;
ukd pD; xkdaoewfudk udkifvsuf tazwkdYvlodkufESifhvkdufoGm;onf/ awmykef;b0jzifh aysmfcJh
onf/
*syefwufNyD; twefMumonfhtcgwGif rkdif;&,fapmfbGm;vnf; olye,fodkY oljyefa&muf
onf/ rkdif;&,fapmfbGm;u tazhudk ac:um uGefydkif&Gmtkyftjzpf cefYonf/ eef;qG,fudkrl a[mf
odkYjyefac:onf/
a[mfwGif xrif;csuf usaepOf wpfaeY a[mfay:wGif&Sdonfh*syefwkdYudk xrif;oGm;ydkY&
onf/ a[mfatmufodkY a&mufvQif ntarSmifxJrS nnf;oH Mum;ojzifh oGm;Munfh&mwGif um;
pifwifxm;onfhvlwpfa,mufudk awGY&onf/ tjcm;ol r[kwf/ olYtaz\oli,fcsif;jzpf
onf/ *syefwpfa,mufudk owfrdojzifh *syefu olYudk owf&ef um;pifwifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

79

80

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

eef;qG,fonf *syefwkdYxH xrif;tkyfydkYNyD;aemuf atmufxyfodkY qif;vmcJhum um;pifwGif csnf


xm;onfhtazoli,fcsif;udk BudK;ajz vTwfvkdufonf/ &mZ0wfaumifudk ocsKif;ukef;xJu
apmfbGm;r,fawmf\*lxJodkY oGm;0Sufonf/ aemufwpfaeYusrS olYudk awmifay:odkYvkdufydkY&av
onf/
eef;qG,fonf rkdif;&,fe,f uGefykdif&Gmoljzpfaomfvnf; rkd;rdwfom;ESifhtaMumif;ygum
rkd;rdwfodkY vkdufaecJhavonf/
uRefawmfonf wpfcak om rk;d rdwaf qmif;ncsrf;wke;f u rD;vif;zdak b;wGif eef;qG,af jym
cJhaom tjzpftysufrsm;udk trSwf&aeonf/
eef;qG,fvkd "m;a&;uRrf;usifol? jrif;pD;uRrf;usifol? aoewfypfaumif;ol? owdAswd
aumif;olrsKd;udk t*FvdyfwkdYu ]t,frZkH}[kac:Muonf/ jrefrmvkdajym&vQif r,f'ufwkdYvkd?
r,fb,ufwkdYvkd trsKd;orD;vlpGrf;aumif;[k ajym&rnfxifygonf/
]]ygqG,ftaMumif;u 0wKa&;&if odyfaumif;rSmyJ/ wpfaeYrSm uRefawmf 0wKwpfyk'f
a&;OD;r,f}}[k xdkpOfu olYudk ajymcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif ,cktcsdeftxd uRefawmf ra&;jzpfao;
yg/ ol ajymonfah e&mrsm;okYd uRefawmfwpfacgufavmuf oGm;Munfch sifao;onf/ xkt
d cgwGif
rS zwfaumif;aom 0wKwpfyk'fudk a&;Ekdifvdrfhrnf[k xifygonf/
ygqG,fvkd jrif;pD;? "m;ckwf? aoewfypfaumif;onfhtrsKd;orD;wpfa,mufudk uRefawmf
i,fi,fuvnf; awGzY ;l ao;onf/ uRefawmfweYdk ,fwiG f emrnfBuD;onf0h wpfv;Hk r,f&ifqo
dk nfh
trsKd;orD;jzpfygonf/ 0wpfvkH; r,f&ifrSm ES,fES,f&& r[kwfyg/ vlqkd;*dkPf;wpfckudk acgif;
aqmifaeonft
h rsKd;orD;vlq;dk jzpfygonf/ olu
Y kd ykvyd w
f u
Ydk vku
d zf rf;wkid ;f vGwv
f w
G af jy;wwf
ojzifh udk,faysmufonf[k emrnfBuD;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh olYudk 0wpfvkH;[k vlxku emrnfay;
xm;ygonf/ wpfcgwGif zrf;rd uRefawmfhtazu olYbufu a&SUaevkdufay;ojzifh olYudk jrif
zl;vkdufjcif;jzpfavonf/ aemifwGif 0wpfvkH;r,f&ifonf oDv&Sif0wfoGm;onf[k uRefawmf
Mum;zl;ygonf/
ygqG,fESifh0wpfvkH;r,f&ifonf b0csif; rwlMuyg/ odkY&mwGif olwkdYESpfa,muf jrif;pD;
uRrf;ykHcsif;? "m;ckwf? aoewfypfuRrf;ykHcsif; wlMuojzifh uRefawmfawGYzl;onfhtrsKd;orD;vl
pGrf;aumif;ESpfOD;tjzpf rSwfwrf;wifjcif;om jzpfygonf/
]]q&m rjyefcif uRefrwkdYqDukd vmcJhaemf}}
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

81

]]vm;&Id;rSm ae&wm rkd;rdwfavmuf raysmfbl;q&m&JU? a&TvDudk vGrf;w,f? erfharmif;


acsmif;eJYerfhrdwfacsmif;udkvnf; vGrf;w,f? a&TZmvDwHwm;udkvnf; vGrf;w,f}}[k ygqG,fu
ajymvkdufygonf/

(15)
jref r mh v rf ; rBuD ; ay:rS rmZ'g*spf t jzLES i f h e ef ; vk H c rf ;
aemufwpfaeY reufapmapm odEo
D Ykd xGucf MhJ uonf/ rlvu uarmZcifvidI f vku
d &f efjzpf
aomfvnf; rEav;rS txl;ukq&m0efawG a&mufojzifh rvkdufEkdifawmhbJ tvkyfrsm; usef
&pfcJhavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf pkdif;pHatmif armif;aom uarmZcifvIdif\rmZ'g*spftjzLjzifh vmcJh
Mu\/ vm;&I;d rS odEo
D Ykd oGm;aomvrf;rSm aumif;pGmjyKjyifxed ;f odr;f xm;aom vrf;jzpfNyD; bm;
rm;&kwf'fac: jrefrmvrf;rBuD;\tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/ tcsKdUu xkdvrf;rBuD;udk w&kwf
-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;[kvnf; ac:Muavonf/
'kwd,urmppfBuD; rwkdifrDwkef;u xkdvrf;rBuD;onf EdkifiHa&;ESifhppfa&;t& tcsuft
csmusonfhAsL[mvrf;rBuD; jzpfcJhavonf/ xkdpOfu *syefonf csefau&Sdwf\w&kwjynfudk
a&wyf? Munf;wyfwkdYjzifh 0kdif;0ef;ydwfqkdYxm;\/ w&kwfqdyfurf;NrdKUrsm;jzpfonfh&Sef[J? wD,ef
pifponfhNrdKUrsm;udk ydwfxm;ojzifh w&kwfqdyfurf;NrdKUrsm;odkY b,foabFmrS r0ifEkdif/ wGif
r[mrdwfrsm;tzkdY w&kwfjynfodkY ppfypnf;rsm;? avmifpmrsm;? &dumrsm;ydkY&ef tcuftcJ awGY
cJhMuonf/
odjYk zifh w&kw-f jrefrmvrf;rBuD;onf tm&Swu
dk rf S w&kw-f *syefppfyw
JG iG f ta&;BuD;onfh
vrf;rBuD;jzpfvmcJhonf/ w&kwf-*syefppfyGJtwGufomruyg/ Oa&myppfyGJonfvnf; w&kwf
-*syefppfyaJG y:wGif trSjD yKaeonft
h wGuf xkv
d rf;rBuD;onf Oa&myESiw
hf uG urmEh ifkd if aH &;ESihf
ppfa&;wGifvnf; ta&;ygvmcJhonf/ odkYjzifh urmu w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;udk tm&kHpkdufcJh
Muonf/ Oa&mywGif r[mrdwfwkdYu [pfwvm\xkd;ppfudk cHEkdifa&;? rcHEkdifa&;onf wnfae
onf ta&SUbufwGif w&kwfjynfu *syefudk cHEkdifa&; rcHEkdifa&;ay:wGif wnfaeonf/ odkY&m
wGif csefau&Sdwf\w&kwfjynfonf bufaygif;pkHrS 0kdif;ydwfcHae&NyD/ w&kwfjynftzkdY EkdifiHjcm;
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

ygqG,fu uRefawmhfudk wzGzG rSmonf/ odkY&mwGif jyefomvm&m ygqG,fESifhuRefawmf r


awGYcJh&awmh/

82

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

rS ppfa&;? pD;yGm;a&; tultnDykdY&efrSm w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;wpfvrf;om usefawmhonf/


xkaYd Mumifh w&kwjf ynfu *syefukd ckcw
H u
dk Ef idk f rwku
d Ef idk q
f o
dk nfjh yemonfvnf; w&kw-f jrefrm
vrf;rBuD;udk xda&mufpGm tokH;jyKEkdif rjyKEkdifqkdonfhtcsufay:wGif wnfaeonf/
okdYjzifh w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;onf urmhtm&kHpkduf&m A[kdcsufrjzpfvmcJhonf/
*syefu t*Fvdyfudk ppfaMunmcgeD; 1940 ck? ZlvkdifvwGif t*Fvdyftpkd;&onf w&kwf
-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;udk ydwfvkdufonf/ w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;udk ydwf&jcif;onf w&kwf-*syef
ppfyGJ tjrefqkH;NyD;qkH;a&;udk &nf&G,fonfhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;jzpfaMumif;/ onfrSm w&kwf
-*syefppfyGJudk aphpyfausat;onfhenf;vrf;jzifh vkyfaqmifjcif;omjzpfaMumif;jzifh xkdpOfu
t*Fvdyfeef;&if;0efcsmcsDu ajymqkdoGm;cJhonf/
odkY&mwGif w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;udk ydwfvkdufojzifh urmwGif tvefYwMum; jzpfukef
Muonf/ tar&duefowif;pmq&m t*gpEkd;u ]]w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;udk ydwfvkdufjcif;
aMumifh NAdwdef\EkdifiHa&;MoZmonf usqif;oGm;cJh&NyD/ w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;ukd ydwfjcif;
onf olu
Y kd wku
d cf u
dk jf cif; rjyKatmif t*Fvyd u
f *syefukd acsmharmhonft
h a&SUzsm;jrL;epfpmcsKyf
wpfckjzpfonf/ csnfheJYonfhw&kwfjynfudk *syefvufodkY 0uGuftyfjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYacsmh&kH
rQjzifh *syefonf t*Fvdyfudk rwkdufbJaernfr[kwf}}[k xkdpOfu uefYuGufa&;om;cJhonf/
xkdvrf;rBuD;udk rydwfcifwkef;u x&yfum;BuD;rsm;onf vufeufypnf;rsm;? avmif
pmrsm;udk wifaqmifum w&kwfjynfbufokdY armif;ESifoGm;cJhMuonf/ xkdum;wef;BuD;rsm;t
aMumif;udk uRefawmfwq
Ydk u
D vku
d o
f mG ;aomum;q&mrsm; ajymojzifh i,fi,fuwnf;u Mum;
cJzh ;l onf/ uG,v
f eG o
f l pma&;q&mAefarmfwifatmif ajymoHuv
kd nf; rMumcP Mum;&zl;onf/
udw
k ifatmifonf onfwek ;f u jrefrmht&efwyf&if;wGif wyfMuyfuav;jzpfonf/ wyf
wm0efjzifh xkdum;wef;BuD;rsm;udk uGefAGKdif;vkdufoGm;cJhzl;onf/ nwGif armfawmfum;wef;BuD;
pcef;csonfhtaMumif;? t&uf? bdef;? rdef;r? zJ0kdif;ponfwkdYpkHvifvSaMumif;? vlaygif;pkH? b0
aygif;pkHudk awGY&aMumif;/ uRefawmfonf olwdYkajymoHudk Mum;uwnf;u xkdemrnfausmfvrf;
rBuD;ukd a&mufzl;csifaeonf/
,ckyxrqkH;tBudrf a&mufonhftcgwGif olwkdYajymonfh&kyfykHum;csyfrsm;onf uRef
awmhfrsufpdxJwGif wa&;a&; ay:vmMuavonf/
vm;&Id;ESifhodEDrSm 32 rkdifa0;avonf/ vrf;uvnf; aumif;? &Icif;uvnf; om,m/
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

83

ab;wpfzufwpfcsuf cyfvrS ;f vSr;f wGif awmifwef;awG &Sad omfvnf; jrifrh wfonfah wmif
wef;BuD;rsm;r[kw/f awmifwef;cyferd ehf rd u
hf av;awGom jzpfonf/ v,fuiG ;f rsm;rSm &dwo
f rd ;f
NyD;MuavNyD/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif rJZvDyif tkyftkyfuav;awGudk awGY&onf/ wcsKdUtyifrsm;wGif
rJZvDyiG ahf wG a0vsuf/ rJZvDyiftyk af wG Mum;xJoYkd jzwfomG ;onft
h cgwGif rJZvDyiG ehf aYH wG oif;
aeawmhonf/
ausmufrJbufwkef;u avxJwGif rkefnif;eHYoif;aeonf/ oDaygbufa&mufavawmh
avu vdarmfeHYoif;aeonf/ odEDbufodkY a&mufonhftcgwGifrl avonf rJZvDyef;eHYoif;ae
onf/
vrf;wGif pufbD;pD;vmMuonfhtrsKd;orD;? trsKd;om;rsm;udk awGY&onf/
vrf;wpfavQmufv;Hk &Gmqufjywfjcif;r&Sad wmh/ &Sr;f &Gm? ucsif&mG ? vm;[l&mG ? &Sr;f w&kwf
&GmponfwkdYudk qufwkdufawGY&onf/ vm;&Id;ajrmufbufwGif onfae&mwpf0dkufonf vlae
tpdyfqkH; &GmqufteD;qkH;ae&mjzpfonf[k xifygonf/
vm;&Id;rS xGufvmwkef;u ESif;awG usaomfvnf; onfbufa&mufonhftcgwGifrl ESif;
awG aysmufoGm;um rkd;wdrfawG ndKrIdif;&mrS rkd;zGJuav;awG usvmavonf/
]]uJ. . . udkatmifoif;eJYukdausmfpGm rjrif&ifqkdwJh]uarmZ}udk &w,fr[kwfvm;? &&if
qkdAsm}}
atmifoif;u avbmwDrjr&ifqkdaom uarmZoDcsif;udk qkdonf/
]]odEDe,f. . . vm;&Id;u. . . &GmNzdK;tkHYqif. . . cgrkd;r[kwf rxif. . . &GmNzdK;tkHYqif. . . uarmZ
*kwfjrwfr[D. . . 'k|0wD. . . a&ToDwma&,mOf. . . eef;a&SUukdBuD;wifu. . . uRefr avbmwDukdjrif. . . }}
qkdonfhoDcsif; jzpfygonf/
olwkdYESpfa,mufwGif ruyg/ uRefawmfvnf; vkdufqkdrdygonf/ onfae&m? onf&Icif;
ESiv
hf u
dk af tmif pmom;a&m toHyg &SmEkid o
f nfeh ef;awmfa&SUq&mwif\*kPaf us;Zl;udk uRefawmf
wkdY atmufarhrdMuygonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

c&D;uvnf; rwkdr&Snf? oGm;vm aumif;&kHc&D;jzpfojzifh pdwfa&m cEmukd,fa&m vef;qef;


oGm;Muonf/

84

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

odEDudk r0ifcif xrif;qkdifwef;uav;awG &Sdonfh&Gmuav;odkY a&mufonf/ erfhtGefqkd


onf&h mG uav; jzpf\/ a&ylprf;&So
d jzifh odEaD &ylacsmif;[kvnf;ac:Muavonf/ erft
h eG af c:
odEaD &ylacsmif;odYk a&mufonht
f cgwGif ode;f azjrifah &;onf]h ta&SUajrmufwidk ;f wpfciG }f pmtkyf
rS tJaEG;wkdYqkdifudk uRefawmfwkdY owd&Muonf/
armfawmfum;onf qkdifwef;rS wpfckaom xrif;qkdifuav; wpfqkdifa&SUwGif &yfvkduf
onf/ udkausmfat; acgif;aqmifonfhodEDtzGJYonf uRefawmfwkdYudk a&ylprf;acsmif;rS vmBudK
um xrif;auR;&ef pDpOfxm;Muavonf/
]]tawmfy?J cifAsm;wkYd vmrBudK&ifvJ q&mwku
Yd kd a&ylacsmif;rSm xrif;auR;oGm;wJ?h q&m
BuD;u rSmvdkufw,f}}
uarmZcifvidI o
f nf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd tJaEG;wkq
Yd idk w
f iG f xrif;auR;oGm;&ef olw
Y ynfrh sm;
udk rSmvkdufNyD; jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf oyf&yfoefY&Sif;onfhtJaEG;wkdYqkdifodkY 0ifcJhMu\/ xrif;qkdifqkdaomf
vnf; aemufydkif;wGif vlaeNyD; a&SUydkif;wGif qkdifzGifhxm;onfhwef;vsm;&SnfBuD;wpfvkH;jzpfyg
onf/ a&ylacsmif;rS xrif;qkdifrsm;onf xrif;qkdifab;wGif a&ylacsmif;rS a&udk 0g;vkH;rsm;
jzifh oG,fwef;um tkwfuefBuD;rsm; jyKvkyfxm;Muonf/ xrif;pm;onfjzpfap? rpm;onfjzpf
ap tkwfa&csKd;uefBuD;rsm;xJwGif a&qif; csKd;Ekdifygonf/ qkdifrS a&vJvkHcsnfudkvnf; iSm;
Ekdifygonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf ode;f azjrifh a&;cJo
h jzifh emrnfBuD;aeonft
h aJ EG;ukd &SmMunfMh uonf/
qkdifxJwGif tom;jzLjzL &kyf&nfoem;urm;ESifh&Srf;trsKd;orD;av; ESpfa,muf okH;a,muf t
vkyv
f yk af eonfukd jrifojzifh b,foil ,fruav;u tJaEG;jzpfrnfenf;[k rSe;f qMunfMh uonf/
od&Yk mwGif wpfa,mufrS tJaEG; r[kwyf g/ tJaEG;rSm olaY ,musfm;&S&d m jyifO;D vGio
f v
Ykd u
dk af eonf
[k od&\/ uRefawmfwkdYawGYaomoli,frrsm;rSm tJaEG;\nDrrsm;jzpfaom rcrf;,kHESifheef;vkH
crf;wkdY jzpfavonf/
rcrf;,krH mS nDrtvwfjzpfNyD; tdraf xmifonfjzpfavonf/ t&yfjrifjh rifh ud,
k v
f ;Hk uk,
d f
ayguf oG,foG,f? tom;ndKpdrfhpdrfhESifhjzpfonf/ eef;vkHcrf;rSm tom;jzLjzL rsufckH;pdrf;pdrf;?
rsufESmoG,foG,f? qHwkdukyf0JESifhjzpfNyD; nDrti,fqkH; jzpfonf/
]][Jh eef;vkHcrf; a[mh'g &efukefu pma&;q&mawG nnf;wkdYqkdifukd vkdufydkYwm}}[k udk
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

85

]]odygw,f? q&mBuD;uarmZcifvIdif&JUum;ukd jrifvkdufuwnf;u q&m0efawGjzpf&if


jzpf? r[kwf&if pma&;q&mawG jzpf&r,fqkdwm odNyD;om;}}
&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; vrf;wpfavQmufwGif vlxku uarmZcifvIdifukdom odonf
r[kwf/ olYrmZ'g*spfum;tjzLukdvnf; odaeMuavonf/ &Gmuav;wpf&GmodkY ta&mufwGif
&Sr;f tbGm;BuD;wpfO;D uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;em;odYk uyfvmum ]]q&m0efBuD; rygbl;vm;? usKyfajr;
uav;udkjycsifvkdY}}[k vmar;onfudk uRefawmfwkdY MuKHcJh&onf/
eef;vkHcrf;wkdYqkdif\xl;jcm;csufrSm azmfa&Gjcif;ESifhoefY&Sif;jcif;jzpfavonf/ xrif;pm;
pm;yGrJ sm;rSm opfom;pm;yGrJ sm;yif jzpfaomfvnf; oef&Y iS ;f aeatmif aq;aMumyGww
f u
dk x
f m;\/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf eH&w
H iG f csdwx
f m;onft
h aJ EG;\yku
H kd MunfMh uonf/ ode;f azjrifah &;rnf
qkv
d Qif a&;xku
d yf gonf/ rsufv;Hk ? rsufc;Hk ? ESmwHwYdk ajyjypfacsmarmonfrh ed ;f uav;wpfa,muf
jzpfyg\/
]]aeprf;ygOD;? ck nnf;wkdYtpfr tJaEG;u nnf;wkdYqDukd rvmawmhbl;aygh? NrdKUBuD;rSmyJ
aeawmhw,faygh? [kwfvm;}}
uRefawmfwkdYu eef;vkHcrf;udk ar;Munfhonf/
]]udp&Sd&ifawmh vmygw,f/ aemufvus&if uRefrwkdY armifti,fqkH;uav; pHxGef;
r*Fvmaqmif&Sdw,f? tJ'Dawmh vmrSmyg}}
tJaEG;udk vludk,fwkdif rjrifzl;bJ "mwfykHxJrSmom jrifzl;ojzifh olYyifukd,ftvS rnfodkY
&Sdrnfukd uRefawmf tmr rcHEkdifyg/ odkY&mwGif vludk,fwkdifuRefawmfwkdY jrifvkduf&onfholYnDr
eef;vkHcrf;\tvSukdrl uRefawmf tmr cHEkdifygonf/ tJaEG;u w&kwfvkdvSaomtvSjzpfNyD;
eef;vkHcrf;\tvSrSm &Srf;vkdvSaomtvSjzpfavonf/
cPem;NyD;aemuf qkdifab;u a&yluefwGif uRefawmfwkdY a&csKd;Muonf/ obm0t
avsmuf xGufvmaoma&ylukd vlwpfa,muf qif;pdrfEkdifonfhtkwfuefBuD;rsm;xJodkY 0g;vkH;
BuD;rsm;jzifh oG,fxm;jcif;jzpf\/ eef;vkHcrf;wkdYqkdifab;awG tkwfuef 5 uef? 6 uefavmuf&Sd
onfhtwGuf vlav;ig;a,muf wpfNydKifeuf a&csKd;Ekdifonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

ausmfat;u ajymonf/

86

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

erfhtGefa&ylacsmif;rSa&rSm vm;&Id;a&ylprf;avmuf rylyg/ csKd;vkdYaumif;&kH jzpfygonf/


uRefawmfwkdYonf a&yluefxJrSm em&D0ufavmuf tm;&yg;& pdrfvkdufMuonf/
w&kwfjynf csKHuiftaemufbufurf;u emrnfausmf a&ylprf;udk uRefawmfa&mufzl;yg
onf/ us,fjyefv
Y yS onfOh ,smOfBuD;wpfcx
k w
J iG f &SNd yD; a&csKd;cef;rsm; owfowfvyk x
f m;ygonf/
od&Yk mwGif xkad cwfu vlwidk ;f a&ylprf;odYk csKd;cGirhf &yg/ csefau&Sw
d w
f v
Ydk ifr,m;twGuf oD;oefY
vkyfxm;onfha&ylprf;jzpfonf/ w&kwfjynfolYtpkd;& wufonfhtcgwGif xkdO,smOfESifha&ylprf;
udk jynfoyYl ef;jcHtjzpf ajymif;ypfvu
dk o
f nf/ uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf csKd;zl;onf&adS tmif csefau&Sw
d f
wkv
Yd ifr,m; csKd;cJo
h nfah &yluefxw
J iG f a&csKd;cJMh uonf/ ,ckjyefpOf;pm;vku
d o
f nft
h cgwGif csef
au&SdwfwkdYvifr,m; a&csKd;MuonfhcsKHuif;taemufbufurf;u a&ylprf;onf erfhtGefu a&
ylprf;avmufrQ raumif;[k xifygonf/
uRefawmfwkdY a&csKd;NyD;onfhtcsdefavmufwGif eef;vkHcrf;wkdYqkdifrS xrif;[if;vsmwkdYu
vnf; toifhjzpfaeNyD/ bm[if;awG[k uRefawmf rrSwfrdawmh/ pm;aomuf aumif;onfqkd
&kHavmufukdom uRefawmf owd&awmhonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf eef;vkcH rf;wkrYd o
d m;pkudk EIwq
f ufNyD;aemuf odEo
D x
Ykd u
G cf MhJ uonf/ cP
Mumaomtcg &Snfvsm;onfhabvDwHwm;BuD; ul;xm;onfhacsmif;BuD;wpfacsmif;udk jzwfMu
onf/ pifppf acsmif;r[kwfyg/ 'k|0wDjrpfjzpfygonf/ okdY&mwGif onfbufwGif olYudk 'k|0wD[k
rac:awmhbJ erwljrpf[k ac:avonf/
wHwm;rSvGefvQif odEDcsKdifh0Srf;tpjyKawmhonf/ odEDcsKdifh0Srf;a'oonf odEDajrmuf
buf uGwfckdifvrf;twufodkY ra&mufrDtxd us,fjyefYonfhvGifjyifBuD;jzpfNyD; tvsm;tm;jzifh
16 rkdifcefY&Sdonf/ taemufbufrS awmifwef;rsm;ESifhta&SUbufrS awmifwef;rsm;onf odED
csKdifh0Srf;\wHwkdif;BuD;rsm;ozG,f jzpfvsuf&Sd\/ xkdawmifwef;ESpfckMum;vGifjyifrSm teH 5 rkdif
us,fonf[kqkdygonf/ ajrMoZmtvGefaumif; pyg;xGufaumif;onfhae&m jzpfavonf/
odkY&mwGif wpfESpfvQif wpfoD;ompdkufNyD; oD;xyfpkdufysKd;jcif; rjyKyg/
uRefawmfwkdY a&mufonhftcsdefwGifrl pyg;awG &dwfNyD; ukefMuavNyD/ tcKdUv,fuGuf
rsm;wGif EGmpmtvkdYiSm aumuf&kd;rsm; ykHxm;onfudk awGY&onf/
odEDNrdKUodkY 0ifcgeD;wGif MumawGndK;ajcmufvsuf aumpjyKaeonfhuefBuD;wpfuefudk
awGY&\/ MumyifwkdY\xkH;pHrSm a&jrifhvQif a&ESifhtwltay:odkY wufvmNyD; a&edrfhonfESifha&
ESit
hf wl atmufoYkd edro
hf mG ;avh&\
dS / od&Yk mwGif odEeD m;u uefx&J dS Mumrsm;url xko
d rYkd [kwyf g/
oD[&wempmay

ajcusif;0wfomomavmuf&SdonfhuefaumBuD;xJwGif MumyifawGu aygifv,favmuftxd


&SdNyD; ndK;ajcmufaeygonf/ MumyifawG pdrf;vef;NyD; MumyGifhawGom a0aevQif awmfawmfom
,mrnfhMumuefBuD; jzpfavonf/
]]MumyifawG ndK;ajcmufaeykHu awmfawmfxl;qef;w,faemf? a&eJYtwl vkdufedrfhroGm;
bJ tay:rSm xkd;xkd;axmifaxmif usef&pfcJhw,f/ NyD;awmh ajcmufvkdY? Mumyef;awGom yGifh&if
b,favmufvSrvJ rodbl;}}[k uRefawmfwkdY tcsif;csif; ajymrdMuonf/
]]MumyifawGudk wrifowfxm;wm q&m&JU? uefxrJ mS MumawG&adS wmh odyNf yD; jcifatmif;
w,f? 'De,fawGrSm iSufzsm;xlvGef;vkdY 'DMumuefBuD;udk usef;rma&;Xmeu vmaq;zsef;xm;
wm/ ykd;owfaq;'PfaMumifh MumyifawG aoukefwm/ ckawmh jcif ratmif;Ekdifawmhbl;aygh}}
[k twlygvmonfhodEDrS ukdausmfat;u ajymjyonf/
pma&;q&mESiq
hf &m0ef? tEkynmESio
hf yd yH nm tjrifcsif; uGmMuyku
H dk awG;jyKH;rdMu\/
xkduefukd ausmfvQif odEDNrdKUwGif;odkY a&mufavonf/ odEDum; &GmBuD;wpf&GmomomrQ
om jzpfygonf/ wpfcgurl ya'o&mZf\NrdKUawmfjzpfcJhavonf/ tdrftrsm;pku oufi,frkd;
awG jzpfNyD; NrdKUv,fwpf0dkufwGifom acwfrDwkdufwmtdrf&mwkdYukd awGY&onf/
aqmif;yg;udk a&;aepOf odE&D mZ0ifudk uRefawmfzwfMunfo
h nf/ odE&D mZ0ifrmS '@m
&DykHjyifwkdYuJhaom &mZ0ifjzpfaMumif; awGY&\/ r[morwrif; NyD;onfhaemuf ,if;\tquf
tEG,w
f jYdk zpfaom cGev
f El iS chf eG v
f rif;wku
Yd tkycf sKyfco
hJ nf[k qko
d nf/ odE[
D al omtrnfEiS yhf wf
oufvnf; trsKd;rsKd;uGjJ ym;aeonfukd awG&Y \/ odE[
D o
l nf &Sr;f pum;jzpf iSuaf ysmzD;wpf
odef;[k t"dyg,f[k t"dyg,fxGufaMumif;jzifh a*s*sDpaumhu qkdonf/ 1937 ckESpfa&;onfhy
rdk;rdwf&mZ0ifvufa&;rlwpfapmifwGifrl qdef;rSm tacsmif;acsmif;ukd qkdvkdaMumif;? 0DrSm zD;[k
t"dyg,fxGufaMumif;? aygif;teufjyefvQif wDaumifESifhwlaom awmif? xkdawmifteD;wGif
wnfaomNrdKU[k t"dyg,fxGufaMumif;jzifh qkdonf/
a[majymyGJudk NrdKUv,f&kyf&Sif&kHwGif jyKvkyfonf/ &Srf;? ucsif? jrefrmtrsKd;orD;uav;
rsm;u uRefawmfwkdYwpfodkufukd yef;pnf;rsm;jzifh BudKMuavonf/ uRefawmfwkdYum; yef;pnf;
jzifh BudKqkdcH&ojzifh &Sdef;wdef;wdef;jzpfaeMuavonf/ odkY&mwGif tdrfonfwkdYu wav;wpm;
BudKqkdonfudk rjiif;y,f&ufojzifh cyf&Sdef;&Sdef;jzifhyif xdkyef;pnf;rsm;udk vufcHcJhMu&onf/
a[majymyGJudk 12 em&D 35 rdepfrSm pwifusif;y&m nae 4 em&DcGJusrS NyD;awmhonf/
tpwkef;u odEDa[majymyGJwGif rQvlrsm;vdrfhrnf rxifyg/ odkY&mwGif odEDy&dowfonf &kH
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

87

88

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vkH;jynfhrQ vmMuonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifhvli,frsm; jzpfMuav


onf/ vlBuD;rsm;rSm tenf;pkrQom jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwkdY a[majymaepOf uarmZcifvdIifonfvnf; txl;ukq&m0efrsm;udk odED
odkYvkdufydkY&if; uRefawmfwkdYtajctaeukd vm tuJcwfavonf/
cspfOD;ndK a[maewkef; uRefawmfwkdY okH;a,muftjyifxGuf odEDwGif emrnfBuD;onf
rjrrIeq
f idk u
f trJv;Hk jyKwfukd aomufaeMupOf q&m0efwpfou
kd f uRefawmfwq
Ydk D a&mufvmjcif;
jzpfonf/
]]aem q&mwkdY tm;vkH; tqifacsmw,faem}}[k olYavoHtwkdif; jyKH;jyKH;&,f&,fjzifh
ar;onf/
odEaD pmfbmG ;\a[mfukd Munfch sifao;aomfvnf; r&Sad wmhyg/ rD;avmifysufp;D oGm;NyD[k
od&avonf/
odEDpmqkdawmfaumfrwDwGif trIxrf;? t&mxrf;vli,fawG trsm;qkH;ygMuonf/
owif;axmufudkausmfat;u odEDrSmomru tjcm;NrdKUrsm;twGufvnf; vkdufvkyfay;vdkuf
ao;\/ wpfcgwpf&H uRefawmfwkdYESifhntdyfnae vkdufvmvkdufao;onf/ olYrSm armfawmf
,mOfXmewGif vkyfaeojzifh tvkyfrsm;onfhMum;xJu tvkyfESifhtkd;tdrfudkypfNyD; vkdufojzifh
uRefawmfwkdYu renf;wm;,l&onf/
vlu t&yf&Snf&Snf? ydefydefyg;yg; tom;ndKndK/ pum;ajymawmhvnf; ryGifhwyGifhESifh/
t&ufuav; enf;enf;rl;vmNyDqkdvQifrl udkausmfat;onf wpf0kdif;vkH; yGJusatmif pum;
ajymEkdifol jzpfavonf/
]]udkausmfat; uRefawmfwdkYeYJcsnf; vdkufraeeJYAs? awmfMum tdrfu trsKd;orD;u r
MunfyJ jzpfaevdrfhr,f}}
udkausmfat;\trsKd;orD;rSm w&kwftrsKd;orD;jzpfonf/ a,murBuD;url wu,fh
w&kwftppf/
]]udpr&Sdygbl;q&m? uRefawmfuvJ tdrfrSm raecsifwmeJY tawmfyJ? trsKd;orD;eJYvJ r
Munfbl;/ a,murBuD;eJYvJ rMunfbl;? 'gaMumifhrdkY uRefawmf tkd;ypftdrfypf vkdufaewm}}
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

89

]]tvum;ygq&m&,f? ck rMunfwmuvJ bmrSBuD;us,fwm r[kwfbl;? tao;tzGJ


&,f}}
]]'DvkdayghAsm? vifeJYr,m;qkdwm tao;tzGJuav;awGrSm jzpfwwfwmyJ/ wu,fBuD;
BuD;us,fus,fqkd&if vifeJYr,m;tjzpf b,frSmqufNyD;aygif;oif;vkdY&awmhrvJ}}
]]q&mwkdY pOf;pm;MunfhygOD;? uRefawmfhtdrfu acG;u vludk ukdufwwfw,f/ 'DacG;udkuf
wm awmfawmfrsm;vSNyD/ 'geJY 'Davmufawmifuu
kd w
f ahJ cG;? udu
k cf sifO;D [Jq
h Ndk yD; uRefawmfu acG;
ukd owfNyD; pm;ypfvkdufw,f}}
]]'gjzifh acG;udk owfypfvkdufvkdY cifAsm;udk pdwfqkd;wmaygh? 'DvkdqkdawmhvJ [kwfwmaygh
Asm? udk,fhacG;qkdawmh tbGm;BuD; b,fpdwfaumif;rvJ}}
]]acG;ukdowfwkef;uawmh tbGm;BuD; 'Davmuf pdwfrqkd;ao;bl;q&m&JU? enf;enf;yg;
yg; pdwfraumif;jzpf&kHyJ? 'gayr,fh uRefawmfu acG;udk owfNyD; wpfa,mufwnf; csufpm;ypf
vkdufwm/ 'DawmhrS tbGm;BuD; a'guefawmhwmyJ/ 'DacG;udk eif owfypfwm vl ukdufvkdYowf
wm r[kwfbl;[Jh? eif csufpm;csifvkdY owfwmqkdNyD; uRefawmfhudk idkBuD;csufreJY &efaxmifawmh
wmbJ/ NyD;awmhvJ ightdrfrSm raeeJY? qif;wJh/ uRefawmfhudk armif;csw,f}}
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf ukad usmfat;\pum;ESio
hf t
Yl rlt&mudk oabmus tm;&yg;& &,f
rdMuonf/ ukdausmfat;ajymykHrSm avat;uav;ESifh/ olYwGif bmrQtjypfr&SdonhfES,f/ rsuf
ESmuvnf; rsufESmaouav;jzpfygonf/
]][kwfwmayghAsm? 'gawmh cifAsm; a,murBuD; vGefwmaygh? tdrfrSm arG;xm;wJhacG;udk
&kdufowfNyD; csufpm;&kHuav;yJ/ bm pdwfqkd;p&m &SdovJ}}
uRefawmfwkdYu 0kdif;aemufonfhtcgwGif udkausmfat;onf bmrQ rajymbJ jrKHpdpdjzifh
jyKH;aeavonf/
nae 4 em&Dxkd;awmhrS uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG odEDrS xGufvmcJhMuonf/ tjyefwGif eef;
vkHcrf;wkdYqkdifu a&yluefwGif 0if a&csKd;Muao;onf/ olwkdYpcef;wGif &yfxm;onfhukefwif
um;BuD;rsm;udk trsm;tjym; awGY&avonf/ xkdum;rsm;rSm NrdKU0if*dwfawGudk rrDawmhojzifh
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

]]cifAsm;u 'DvkdavQmufoGm;ae&if ydkNyD;pdwfqkd;rSmaygh}}

90

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

xkdpcef;wGif tdyfNyD; reufvif;rS a&SUodkYqufarmif;Murnfjzpfavonf/


uRefawmfwkdYum;onf 6 em&Dxkd;umeD;awmhrS erfhtGefa&ylacsmif;rS xGufvmcJhMuonf/
uarmZcifvIdifESifhZeD;wkdYu xrif;pm; zdwfxm;ojzifh npmukdrl eef;vkHcrf;wkdYqkdifwGif rpm;cJh
Muawmhyg/
rnf;arSmifaeaom odED- vm;&Id;vrf;rBuD;ay:wGif uRefawmfwkdYum;wpfpD;om ajy;ae
onf/ c&D;wpf0ufa&mufvQif awmpyfxJrS vufESdyf"mwfrD;wpf0if;0if;jzifh vlwpfodkuf xGuf
vmMuonf/ um;q&mpkdif;pHatmifu um;ukd t&Sdefowfvkduf\/
]]rD;jyNyD; t&yfcidk ;f aew,f? bmrSe;f rodb;l / qufarmif;vkyYd pfxnhv
f u
dk &f if 'kua &muf
rSm? &yfay;vkdufwm aumif;w,f}}[k &Sif;jyonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf um;xJwGif &ifwxdwfxdwf apmifhMu&onf/ vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifhvl
wpfou
kd o
f nf um;vrf;ay:odYk qif;rvmMubJ uke;f jrifu
h av;wpfco
k t
Ykd a&mufwiG f wefo
Y mG ;
NyD;
]]um;rD;zGifhxm;yg? b,fu um;vJ}}
armfawmfum; a&SUrD;ESifhtwGif;u rD;rsm;udk zGifhay;vkduf&onf/
]]uarmZcifvIdif&JUum;yg? pma&;q&mawG odEDa[majymyGJu jyefvmwmyg}}
armifyifeDu ukef;ay:u vlokdufudk vSrf;atmfajymonf/
]][kwfNyD. . . [kwfNyD oGm;awmh}}
onfawmhrS uRefawmfwkdYwawG oufjyif;csEkdifMuawmhonf/ vrf;wpfavQmufwGif cs
xm;onfhtpkd;&uif;ykef;rsm;jzpfaMumif; aemufrS od&avonf/
vm;&Id;ajrmufbuf atwD*dwfodkYa&mufonfhtcgwGif 8 em&Dxkd;awmhrnf/ atwD*dwf
onfvnf; uRefawmfwkdY pD;vmonfhrmZ'gum;jzLuav;udk odaeavNyD/

oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

91

aemufwpfaeY reufwGif uGwfckdifodkY xGufcJhMu\/ vm;&Id;ESifhuGwfckdifrSm 48 rkdifa0;av


onf/ raeYu vrf;twkdif; odEDbufodkYxGufNyD; odEDrStxufodkY wuf&jcif;jzpfonf/ uarmZ
cifvidI o
f nf umvom;a&m*gwku
d zf sufa&;q&m0efa'gufwmatmifxeG ;f udk uRefawmfwEYdk iS t
hf
wl xnfhvkdufavonf/
a'gufwmatmifxGef;rSm a&pBudKom;jzpf uRefawmfESifhwpfe,fwnf;om;[kqkdEkdifyg
onf/ olYZeD;onfrSmvnf; a&pBudKoljzpfavonf/ olonf tpwkef;u ppfwyfq&m0efjzpf
NyD; aemufydkif;wGif wyfrSxGufum umvom;a&m*gwkdufzsufa&;XmewGif trIxrf;aeonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf eef;vkHcrf;wkdYqkdifokdY r0ifawmhbJ odEDbufodkY awmufavQmufvmcJh
Muonf/ udkausmfat;u emrnfBuD;onfhodEDacgufqGJukd pm;jzpfatmif pm;oGm;prf;yg[kwkduf
wGef;ojzifh pm;cJh&ao;onf/ emrnfBuD;oavmufvnf; aumif;ygonf/
odEDESifhuGwfckdifrSm 16 rkdifrQom a0;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif odEDajrmufbufudk vGefonfESifh
odEDcsKdifh0Srf;qkH;oGm;um awmifawGudk auGYywfwuf&av&m vrf;aumif;onfhwkdif cufcJyif
yef;onfhc&D;jzpfavonf/ awmf&kHwef&kH um;onf xkdtwufudk wufEdkifrnf rxif/ vm;&Id;ESifh
uGwcf idk o
f aYkd jy;aeonfv
h pl ;D um;rsm;rSm oabFmom;um;ac:onf'h wfqef;um;rsm;jzpfNyD; ukef
wifum;BuD;rsm;rSmvnf; [D;Ek;d ? tDpZl ;l ? *sDtrfppD onfah emufq;Hk ay: um;BuD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
odEDukd vGefNyD; rMumrDrSmyif armfawmfum;onf rwfapmufaom awmifwufvrf;udk
wpfauGYNyD;wpfauGY wpfxyfNyD;wpfxyf wufvmcJhavonf/ b,fESauGY b,fESxyf[k rrSwfrd
Ekdifawmhyg/ tauGYwpfauGY? txyfwpfxyfodkYa&mufoGm;vQif &Icif;onf wpfrsKd;ajymif;oGm;
onf/ tauGYawG? txyfawGrS MunfhvQif odEDcsKdifh0Srf;udk wpfeHwpfvsm;BuD;jrif&onf/ odkY&m
wGif wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif wdrfwkdYzkH;xm;um wdrfawGu uRefawmfwkdY atmufa&mufaeMuonf/
wdrt
f xufwiG f awmifxw
G pf eG ;f wku
Yd wpfpw
d w
f pfyidk ;f ay:aeMuonf/ aejcnfu xk;d &ku
d v
f u
dk f
onfhtcgwGif wdrfwkdYonf yifv,fvIdif;vkH;BuD;rsm;ESifhwlaeNyD; awmifxGwfwkdYu uRef;BuD;awG
ESifhwlaeMuonf/ onfvkdwdrfyifv,fESifhonfvkdawmifxGwfuRef;wkdYudk b,fvrf;wGifrS uRef
awmfrawGYzl;ao;yg/ xdk&Icif;\tvSukd ay:atmifvnf; uRefawmf a&;jyEkdifrnf rxifyg/
tauGYawG? txyfawGudk wufNyD;onfhtcgwGif armfawmfum;vrf;onf nDnmjyefYjyL;
onfah jrjyifwiG f ajy;aeavonf/ awmifxyd rf sm;ay:u vGijf yifjzpfyg\/ um;vrf;uom ajr
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(16)
wd r f y if v ,f E S i f h a wmif x G w f u Ref ;

92

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

jyefw
Y iG f ajy;aeaomfvnf; qifausmuke;f BuD;awGvdk ck;H ck;H BuD;awGjzpfaeonfh awmifuwk;H BuD;
rsm;udkum; vrf;ab;wGif uyfvsufawGY&onf/ awmifukef;BuD;awGrSm wpfckESifhwpfck qufpyf
jcif;r&Sd/ awmifydkYBuD;awGvkd wpfvkH;csif; oD;jcm;wnfaeMuonf/ xkdawmifukef;BuD;rsm;ukd
]vG,fqrfppf}}[kac:Muavonf/ jrefrmvkd awmiftvkH; 30 [k t"dyg,fxGufaMumif;od&\/
awmiftvkH; 30 wu,f&Sd r&Sdukdrl uRefawmf rajymEkdifyg/
vG,fqrfppf awmifajcwGif ucsif&Gmrsm;&Sdavonf/ awmifajcwGif &GmbufodkYoGm;ae
aomvlwef;rsm;udk awGY&onf/
]]awmifBuD;awGu awmifydkYBuD;awGvkdvkd bmvkdvkd ajy;wufcsifp&mBuD;awG}}[k cspfOD;
ndKu wrf;wrf;ww ajymavonf/
vG,q
f rfppfukd vGev
f Qif &Gmuav;wpf&mG odaYk &muf\/ &Gm\trnfudk uRefawmfaumif;
aumif; rrSwfrdawmh/ um;vrf;ab;wGif tdrfuav;awG? aps;qkdifuav;awG? rJZvDyiftkyf
uav;awG? 0g;&kHyifuav;awGESifhtuGuftuGif;vSonfh&Gmuav; jzpfygonf/ &Gmab;wGif
v,fuGif;rsm;rS &kd;jywfwkdYu aejcnfEkEkxJwGif 0g0if;aeMuonf/
&Gmxdyfrlvwef;ausmif;uav;a&SU uGufvyfwGif pm;yGJwpfvkH;ESifhukvm;xkdifrsm;udk cs
xm;NyD; teD;wGif pkpk pkpk vkyaf eMuaom vlwpfou
dk u
f jkd rif&\/ uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd vmBudKaeonfh
uGwcf idk t
f zGjYJ zpfaMumif; od&avonf/ xkt
d zGx
YJ w
J iG f uGwcf idk o
f o
Ykd mG ; tv,fwef;jyq&mvkyf
aeonfhuRefawmfhtod armifcifatmif0if;udk rarQmfvifhbJ awGY&onf/
olwkdYtzGJYu uRefawmfwkdYudk vufzuf&nfaomuf&ef zdwfac:onf/ csrf;uvnf; csrf;?
qmvnf; qmojzifh uRefawmfwkdYwawG rjiif;EkdifMuawmhbJ olwkdYvufzuf&nf0kdif;wGif xkdifrd
Muonf/
cPem;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdY\rmZ'g*spfum;tjzLonf uGwfckdifbufodkY c&D;qufcJh
avonf/ uGwcf idk af &mufcgeD;wGif opfawmjcHrsm;ukd jrif&\/ od&Yk mwGif jyKjyifapmifah &Smufjcif;
r&Sdyifavm? &moDOwk a&ajrrudkufyifavm rajymwwfyg/ aumif;pGm jzpfxGef;jcif; r&Sd
onfudk awGY&\/
xkdaeYrS uGwfckdifaps;aeY jzpfavonf/ aps;udk MunfhcsifvQif aps;ruGJrD apmapmMunfh
Muyg/ rdwfqkHyGJ ponfh useftpDtpOfwkdYudk aemufrS pDpOfxm;ygonf[kqkdojzifh uRefawmfwkdY
onf a&mufa&mufcsif; uGwfckdifaps;udk vSnfhMunfhMuonf/
oD[&wempmay

jynfrwGif 5 &ufaps;rsm;udk uRefawmfi,fi,fu awGYcJhzl;ygonf/ uRefawmf arG;onfh


NrdKifrSmyifvQif aeYpOfaps;&Sdonfr[kwfyg/ 5 &ufaps;om &SdcJhonf/ aps;zdwfaeYqkdvQif awmrS
vSnf;wyfBuD;awG wufvmMuonf/ a'oxGufukefrsm;udk wifaqmifvmMuum 5 &ufaps;rS
a&mif;Muonf/ a'oxGufukefrsm;udk wifaqmifvmMuum 5 &ufaps;rSm a&mif;Muonf/ ol
wkdYvkdtyfonfhtxnftvdyf? qm;? ig;yd? qef? aq;ponfwkdYudk 0,foGm;Muonf/ aps;zdwfaeY
nqkdvQif uRefawmfwkdYNrdKUjyifbufu wrmwef;wGif aps;vSnf;0dkif;BuD;awG tpkvkduf pcef;cs
aeMuonf/
aps;vSnf;awGMum;xJwGif t&ufykef;qkdifvnf; &Sdonf/ jynfhwefqmvnf; &Sdonf/ zJ
0kdif;vnf; &Sdonf/ olwkdYonf aps;zdwfaeYnaeuwnf;u a&mufvmNyD; aemufwpfaeY aps;uGJ
csdefusrS &GmtoD;oD;odkY jyefMuonf/
&Srf;jynfe,fu 5 &ufaps;taMumif;udkum; uRefawmf rodao;yg/ uGwfckdifaps;onf
uRefawmfwkdY yxrqkH;awGY&onfh&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufykdif;u aps;jzpfygonf/
aps;xJwGif w&kwfypnf;rsm;ESifha'oxGufaq;jrpfrsm;? t&ufrsm;? rkefnif;csOf? qDwkd
[l;? acgyky?f [if;oD;[if;&Gupf onfwu
Ydk dk awG&Y \/ trsm;tm;jzifh awmifay:rS qif;vmaom
wkdif;&if;om;rsm; jzpfMuavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf aps;udk wpfywfavQmufMunfhNyD;aemuf jyefvmcJhMuonf/ umwGef;
ajrZmrSm vm;&Id;wGif odyfrawGY&onfhw&kwfjynfxkwfumwGef;pmtkyfrsm;ESifhyef;csDpkwfwHrsm;
0,fcJhavonf/
uGwfckdifwGif aea&mifonf 0if;yaeonfhtwkdif; avu w[l;[l;wkdufcwfaeojzifh
awmfawmfat;ygonf/ yifv,frsufESmjyifrS ay 4429 ayjrifhonf[k od&avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf NrdKUv,f&Sd aumifpD&kH;odkYvmcJhMu\/ aumifpD&kH;wGif pmqkdawmfaumf
rwD0ifrsm;? NrdKUcHvlBuD;rsm;ESifhrdwfqufvufzuf&nfyGJuav;wpfck usif;yavonf/ xkdyGJwGif
uRefawmfwkdYudk tdrfonftjzpf auR;arG;{nfhcH&ef wm0ef,lxm;onfhAkdvfrSL;buD;[&efaem
udkvnf; awGY&onf/
Akv
d rf LS ;BuD;[&efaemrSm csif;trsKd;om;jzpfavonf/ ajcaxmufwiG f rkid ;f xdxm;ojzifh
wkwfaumufudk tm;jyK avQmufae&avonf/ AkdvfrSL;BuD;[&efaem ukdifxm;onfhwkwf
aumufrSm cs,f&Dom;wkwfaumufjzpfNyD; ywfywfvnfwGif EG,fwufaeonfh[ef opfom;xk
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

93

94

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

xm;avonf/
reufpmudk Akv
d rf LS ;BuD;[&efaem\wyf&if; &dyo
f mcef;rwGif auR;arG;\/ tom;rsKd;pk?H
[if;&GufrsKd;pkHwkdYudk tpdrf;vkdufykHxm;NyD; xrif;ESifh Hot Pot ac:tkd;yljzpfygonf/ tcsKdrIefY? yJ
iHjym&nfEiS t
hf om;tenf;i,fukd xnfjh yKwfxm;onfrh ;D zkw
d yft;dk BuD;rsm;udk pm;yGaJ y:wGif wnf
cif;xm;NyD; teD;wGif tom;trsKd;rsKd;ESifha*:zD? yef;rkefvm? yJykpGef? yJnTefY&Gufponfh[if;oD;
[if;&Gufrsm;udk yefuefrsm;ESifhcsxm;onf/ vkd&mudkBudKufoavmuf,lNyD; ukd,fhbmomudk,f
eSpfpm;&kHom jzpfavonf/
xkdYaemuf 'k-wyfrrSL;BuD; AkdvfrSL;BuD;Pfvif; wnfcif;onfhvufzuf&nfyGJudk cP
wufNyD; a[majymyGJ usif;yMuonf/
a[majymyGJudk aeYvnf 12 em&DwGif jyKvkyf&m nae 4 em&DcGJwGif NyD;avonf/
a[majymyGNJ yD;onfah emufwiG f tdro
f nfrsm;udk EIwq
f ufum cyfow
k o
f w
k f jyefcMhJ uonf/
uGwfckdifonf tar&duef&kyf&SifawGxJu aumif;bGKdifNrdKUwpfNrdKUESifhwlaeonf/ NrdKUcif;
NrdKUuGuu
f s,fNyD; oef&Y iS ;f onf/ ab;ywfywfvnfwiG f awmifwef;BuD;awGu 0kid ;f aeonf/ vrf;
uvnf; tus,fBuD;awG/ tdrfawGuvnf; oGyfrkd;awGESifh/ NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;uvnf; usef;
rmawmifhwif;NyD; awmfawmfwefwef tMurf;ywrf;avmufudk xDrxifqkdonfhtrlt&mrsKd;
ay:aeMuonf/
jrif;awG? t&ufqidk af wG? &efyaJG wG? aoewfypfraI wG? aumif;bGKid af wGr&So
d nfuvGv
J Qif
uGwcf idk o
f nf tar&duefaumif;bGKid 0f wKa&;q&mrsm;jzpfaom b&uf[mwDEiS Zhf ed *f a&;wk0Yd wK
awGxJ NrdKUuav;wpfNrdKUESifhwlaeavonf/
uGwfckdifESifhvm;&Id;rSm 48 rkdifa0;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYum;ukd cyfokwfokwf armif;EkdifygrS
tcsdefrD a&mufEkdifygonf/ xkdYaMumifh um;q&mpkdif;pHatmifonf uarmZcifvIdif\rmZ'g*spf
tjzLudk cyfokwfokwf armif;onf/ toGm;wGif awmifwufc&D;awGjzpf aES;auG;oavmuf
tjyefwGif tqif;awGcsnf;jzpf odEDudk rMumcifuav;wGif a&mufoGm;ygonf/
vrf;wGif qufwDawG? y&dabm*ypnf;awG wifvmonfhum;BuD;rsm;udk rMumcPawGY
&\/ um;BuD;rsm;onf uGwfckdif*dwfukd rD&ef tjyif;armif;aeMuavonf/
erft
h eG af &ylprf;odYk a&mufonft
h cgwGif 6 em&Dx;dk vke;D aeNyD/ vm;&I;d *dwu
f kd uRefawmfwYdk
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

95

(17)
ajrmif z D v muE m pk H a jcvrf ;
erfhqefqkdaomtrnfudk uRefawmfMum;zl;onfrSm MumvSygNyD/ yavmifr wHqdyfygonfh
vufzufajcmufxkyfrsm;udk i,fi,fuwnf;u jrifcJhzl;onf/ uRefawmfwkdY tnma'ovuf
vkyfvufpm;awG vufzufcl;oGm;NyD;jyefvmvQif erfhqeftaMumif;ukd ajymoHrMumcPMum;&
onf/
erfhqefqkdaomtrnfudk rMumcPMum;cJhzl;jcif;aMumifh erfhqefonf vm;&Id;wkdY? odEDwkdY?
ausmufrJwkdY? oDaygwkdYvkd toGm;tvm vG,fulacsmarmonfhae&mwGif &Sdvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf
xifcJhonf/ r[kwfyg/ erfhqefonf tvGeftqufjywf tvGefacsmifusNyD; wul;wuefYoGm;
rSom a&mufEidk yf gonf/ vm;&I;d u vlrsm;yifvQif awmfawmfwefwefupd j zifh erfq
h efukd ra&muf
jzpfMuyg/ erfq
h efonf tjcm;aom&Sr;f NrdKUrsm;ESirhf wl/ oD;oefjY zpfaeonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmuf
ydkif;onf oD;jcm;urmwpfckjzpfonfqkdvQif erfhqefonf oD;jcm;urmxJu oD;jcm;urmav;
jzpfaeonf/ vm;&Id;ESifherfhqefrSm rkdif 70 ausmfa0;NyD; awmiftxyfxyfudk ausmf? awmtxyf
xyfudk jzwf&onf/ c&D;onfum;u rSefrSefr&Sd/ &moDOwktajctaet&yf&yf aumif;onfqkd
ygrS wpf&ufjcm;vQif *spfum;wpfpif;avmufom &So
d nf/ vlwpfa,mufukd 60 ausmf 70 ausmf
eD;yg;ay;&onf/ ausmf&onfhawmifBuD;awGuvnf; enf;onfhawmifBuD;awG r[kwf/ wpf
vrf;vk;H ay 6000 ausmf 7000 tjrifrh mS oGm;ae&onf/ awmifawGay:rSm oGm;&onfEiS rhf wl/
wdrfawGay:rSm wdrfawGMum;rSm oGm;ae&onfESifhwlawmhonf/
erfhqefrSm &Srf;pum;jzpfNyD; jrefrmvkd ]a&wkef}[k t"dyg,fxGufavonf/ tvGefat;
aom a&yifvQif ckdufckdufwkefatmif csrf;aomNrdKU[ktcsKdUu teufzGifhMuonf/
ya'o&mZfacwfwek ;f u erfq
h efonf awmifyikd f (Tawng Peng) apmfbmG ;\NrdKUawmfjzpfav
onf/ NrdKUe,fwpfckvkH;wGif yavmiftrsKd;om; 80 &mcdkifEIef;aexkdifojzifh erfhqefudk yavmif
NrdKUawmf[kvnf;ac:Ekdifrnfxifygonf/
a&S;'@m&Drsm;tvkdt& yavmifwkdYonf xkde,fwpf0dkufwGif *sef;wGefqefNrdKUudk wnf
axmifum umvMumjrifhpGm aexkdifcJhMuNyD;aemuf 1228 ck? ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 10 &uf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

b,fenf;ESifhrQ rrDEkdifawmh/ rrDEkdifawmhonfhtwlwl eef;vkHcrf;wkdYqkdifwGif a&ylcsKd;NyD; xrif;


pm;&ef &yfem;Muavonf/

96

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

aomMumaeYwiG f cGeu
f sderf nfaomapmfbmG ;u erfq
h efukd wnfaxmifco
hJ nf[k rSww
f rf;rsm;wGif
qkdonf/ apmfbGm;ckepfquf tkyfcsKyfoGm;onfhteuf aemufqkH;apmfbGm;rSm apmcGefyef;pdefjzpf
avonf/ apmcGeyf ef;pderf mS tjcm;aom&Sr;f acgif;aqmifrsm;ESit
hf wl yifvpHk mcsKyfukd vufrw
S f
a&;xkd;cJholwpfOD; jzpfygonf/
'DZifbmv 28 &ufaeYwGif uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG erfhqefodkYxGufvmcJhMuavonf/ reuf
apmapm xGuf&efjzpfaomfvnf; rxGufEkdifyg/ vrf;wGif tqmcH&eftvkdYiSm vlY0rf;Akdufudk tpm
jznfh&? armfawmfum;udk qDjznhf&onfhudpawGudk aqmif&Gufae&ojzifh reuf 6 em&DcGJxGuf&ef
csdef;xm;onfhuRefawmfwkdYwawGonf 7 em&DcGJrS xGufjzpfMuawmhonf/
wpfaeukef armif;&rnfhc&D;jzpfNyD; vrf;wGif tpm;taomufqkdifqkd rnfrnf&&r&SdyJ
awmawG awmifawGxJ jzwf&rnfch &D;jzpfojzifh vluakd &m um;ukyd g tpma&pm jznfch MhJ u&jcif;
jzpfyg\/
erfhqefodkYtoGm;wGif uRefawmfwkdYpD;onfhum;rSm atmifjrifhac:t&Sefqkdonfhw&kwfvl
i,fav;wpfOD; armif;onfhum;jzpfavonf/ w&kwfykHoPmefay:aeojzifh w&kwftrsKd;om;
[kajymvku
d &f jcif; jzpfygonf/ w&kwu
f jym;avm? &Sr;f w&kwaf vmqko
d nfukd uRefawmfaumif;
aumif; rodyg/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;odkY wpfcgw&HrSom a&mufoGm;olwpfa,muftzkdY &Srf;
jynfe,fajrmufyidk ;f wGif w&kw?f &Sr;f w&kww
f EYdk iS &hf rS ;f trsKd;om;wku
Yd kd cGjJ cm;&ef tvGecf ufygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYum;q&m armifatmifjrifhrSmrl t&Sefqkdonfhw&kwftrnf&SdonhftwGuf
w&kwfujym;yif jzpfvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf pdwfcsvufcs,lqvkdufygonf/
t&Seaf c:atmifjrifrh mS touf odyrf BuD;ao;/ tvGeq
f ;Hk &Srd S touf tpdwaf vmufom
&SdvdrfhOD;rnf/ w&kwftrsm;pkwGif awGY&ovkd rsufESmjym;jym;? ESmacgif;jym;jym;? rsufaygufarS;
arS; r[kwyf g/ rsufEmS oG,o
f ,
G ?f ESmwHay:ay:? rsufv;Hk rsufc;Hk aumif;onfv
h al csmuav;wpf
a,muf jzpfavonf/
vm;&I;d ESiehf rfq
h efonf rkid af ygif; 70 avmufa0;NyD; ay 6000 ausmf 7000 eD;yg;jrifo
h nfh
awmifurf;yg;,HBuD;rsm;ay:wGif wpfaeukeaf rmif;&onfch &D; jzpf\/ awmifurf;yg;,HawGukd
ywfauGyY wfarmif;&ojzifh armif;olrajymESi?hf pD;olyifvQif awmfawmfyifyef;onfch &D;jzpfonf/
&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;rS rdwfaqGrsm;url erfhqefvrf;wGif tauGYaygif;wpfaxmif&Sdonf[k
wifpm;ajymMuonf/ pifppf tauGYwpfaxmif&SdcsifrS &Sdygvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif uRefawmfwkdYpdwf
um; wpfaeukef awmifurf;yg;,HawGay:wGif oGm;ae&onfhc&D; tauGYwpfaomif;yif&Sd
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

97

xkdc&D;wpfavQmufvkH;wGif tenf;i,frQ EGrf;e,f[ef rjybJ &Tifvef;pGm armif;vmEkdif


onfht&Sefac:atmifjrifhudk Munfh uRefawmfwkdY rtHhMobJ raeEkdifyg/
uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;ay:u c&D;onfrsm;udv
k nf; Munfyh gOD;/ pmqkad wmfyo
JG mG ;rnfu
h Refawmf
wkaYd v;a,muf? uRefawmfwpdYk mqkad wmfc&D;wpfavQmufv;Hk wGif 'kid cf v
H u
dk o
f nfah rmifyife(D aus;
vuf)? owif;axmufudkbdkeD? erfhqefc&D;udk uRrf;usifolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ erfhqefaq;&kHrS
ajymif;vmonfah q;pyfq&mudak usmfoed ;f ESiehf rfq
h efe,fcw
H pfO;D jzpfol pkid ;f xGe;f &if? aq;&kb
H @m
pd;k BuD;udpk ed ;f armifEiS ahf q;&kt
H rIxrf;udak usmfwjYdk zpf&m um;q&mygaygif;vQif uRefawmfw*dYk spf
um;ay:wGif vl 10 a,mufESifESif&Sdavonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf *spfum;uav;ay:wGif usyf
usyfwnf;wnf;vkdufcJhMu&onf/
odkY&mwGif um;ay: vkdufygvmonfhc&D;onfrSm rQom jzpfygonf/ tjcm;ae&mrS
vkdufonfhc&D;onf rygao;/ t&Sefac:armifatmifjrifhonf olYoli,fcsif; 3 a,mufukdvnf;
ac:cJah vao;\/ olo
Y il ,fcsif; 3 a,mufrmS *spfum;abmeufay:wGif xkid Nf yD; um;a&SUrSeu
f kd
rSD vdkufvmMuavonf/ olwkdY 3 a,muf xkdifvkdufonfhtcgwGif uRefawmfwkdYa&SUu jrifuGif;
ukdom uG,fxm;&kHrQru um;armif;ola&SUu jrifuGif;udkvnf; uG,faeavonf/
]]a[h t&Sef a&SUrSm bmudkrS rjrif&bl;uG? armif;vkdYjzpfyghrvm;}}[k uRefawmfwkdY pdk;&drf
wBuD;ar;rdMuonf/ t&Sef &Tifvef;pGm jyKH;vkdufvsuf]]&ygw,fq&m? olwu
Ydk ,
G af evkrYd jrif&&if uRefawmfah cgif;udk tjyifxw
k Nf yD; Munfah rmif;
vkdY&ygw,f}}
t&SefajymaeykHu pdwfat;vufat;? vkyf&kd;vkyfpOfudpwpfckudk ajymaeonfhES,f/
erfhqefodkY oGm;onfhvrf;rSm vm;&Id;-erwlvrf;twkdif; refqrfodkYa&mufatmifvmNyD;rS
refqrfusrS vrf;cGJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
vm;&I;d rS refqrfvrf;ukd erwo
l mG ;pOf uRefawmfwjYdk zwfz;l cJNh yD;jzpfaomaMumifh txl;t
axG pdk;&drfaMumifhMujcif; rjzpfrdMu/ xkdrQru xkdvrf;rSm awmifay:vrf;qkdonfhtwkdif; ajr
jyefYjzpfygonf/ onfc&D;wGif t&Sefonf udk,fwpfjcrf;ukd tjyifokdYxkwfNyD; pum;wajymajym
ESifharmif;vmonf/ a&SUabmeufay:u olYoli,fcsif;awGESifh &,fvkdufarmvkduf? aemufvkduf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vdrfhrnf[k xifrdMuavonf/

98

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

ajymifvkdufjzifh/ wpfcgwpfcgwGif um;abmeufay:u olYoli,fcsif;awGu aq;vdyfaomuf


csifonfqo
dk jzifh a&SUrSae rD;jcpfEiS phf ;D u&ufb;l udk t&Seo
f v
Ykd rS ;f ay;onf/ um;abmeufay:
wGif avwku
d v
f eG ;f ojzifh rD;nd
r&aomaMumifh txJu vlukd vSr;f tndc idk ;f jcif; jzpfavonf/
t&Sefu vufwpfzufjzifh um;vufudkifbD;udk ukdifxm;NyD; tjcm;wpfzufjzifh a&SUuvl
awG aomufzkdY pD;u&ufawGudk wpfvdyfNyD;wpfvdyf nday;\/ oludk,fwkdifvnf; wpfvdyfndNyD;
cJvkdufao;onf/
uRefawmfum; ol um;armif;aeykHukdMunfh vefYaeavNyD/
refqrfvrf;cGrJ S vGeo
f nft
h cgwGif yefvq
Hk adk om&Gmuav;udk jzwfomG ;&\/ xk&d mG uav;
udkvnf; uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG erwlrS ausmufrJodkY oGm;pOfu jzwfcJh&zl;onf/ odkY&mwGif xkdpOf
u xkd&Gmuav;udk uRefawmfwkdYaoaocsmcsm rMunfhrdcJhMu/ ,ckukd,fhum;ESifhudk,fhusrS yefvkH
qko
d nf&h mG uav;udk Munfrh ad wmhonf/ &GmwGif em;NyD; uRefawmfww
Ydk awG vufzuf&nfaomuf
Muonf/
&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;? awmifydkif;e,ftwGif;&Sd NrdKUrsm;? &Gmrsm;udk uRefawmfwkdYtwl
oabmusonfhtcsuf vufzuf&nfaumif;aumif;aomuf&onfhtcsuf jzpfavonf/ b,f
NrdKUb,f&Gma&mufa&muf? b,frQao;i,fonfhvufzuf&nfqkdifuav;udkyJ0if0if vufzuf
ajcmufaumif;aumif;ESifhtcsKd&nf? tcg;&nf &jcif;yif jzpfavonf/
,ckyefvkHqkdonfh&Gmuav;uvnf; xkdYtwlyif/ &Gmuav;qkdonfhwkdif vrf;qkHwGif&Sd
onf&h mG uav;jzpfonft
h wGuf jynfwiG ;f jzpf? Ekid if jH cm;jzpf tdro
f ;Hk ypn;f awmfawmfrsm;udk awGY
&avonf/
yefvrHk S awmifwpfawmifukd ausmfvu
dk o
f nft
h cgwGif uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;onf vQKdBuD;wpf
ckxJodkY qif;vmavonf/ vQKdBuD;rSm awmawmfeufonfhvQKdBuD;jzpfygonf/ atmufwGif
acsmif;uav;wpfacsmif;/ opfyifawG urf;yg;awGMum;u ay:vmvku
d ?f aysmufomG ;vdu
k jf zif/h
]awmBudKawmMum;u pD;usygwJah &oGif oem;p&mh wpfae0if}qko
d nfeh ef;awmfa&SUq&mwif\
uarmZoDcsif;udk uRefawmfwkdY qkdrdMuonf/
]]udkyifeDa& atmufxJrSm jrif&wJhacsmif;u bmacsmif;vJAs}}
]]tJ'g erwlacsmif;av q&m&JU? 'k|0wDjrpfzsm;aygh}}[k um;q&mt&Sefu ajzonf/
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

99

vQKdMum;xJu erwlacsmif;udk uRefawmfwkYd ta0;BuD;u vSrf;jrifae&aomfvnf;


atmufodkYqif;vmonfhtcgwGif awmfawmfESifhra&mufEkdif/ wpfem&Dausmfausmfavmufqif;
awmhrS erwlurf;yg;odkY uRefawmfwkdYcsOf;uyfrdMuonf/
erwal csmif;onf awmifxyd af y:uaeMunhv
f Qif cyfao;ao;[k xif&aomfvnf; teD;
okdY a&mufonfhtcgwGif awmfawmfus,fonfudk awGY&\/
acsmif;urf;yg;wGif uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd apmifah eonfph aw&Si0f uf*eG *f spfum;wpfpif;udk awGY
&onf/ erfhqefwGif usif;yrnfhw&kwfbkef;awmfBuD;\tEdrpsmyeodkYvmaom txl;um;jzpf
NyD; erwlacsmif;udk azmifjzifh ul;&efapmifhaejcif;jzpfavonf/
&Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f rS jrpfu;l azmifrsm;rSm aumif;uifBudK;ESiahf &pD;tm;udk ok;H xm;
onfah zmifrsm;jzpf\/ [kb
d ufurf;ESio
hf nfbufurf;udk tay:rS aumif;uifBudK;jzifh qkid ;f xm;
NyD; xkdBudK;wGif wyfxm;onfhpufoD;jzifh azmifudk wGJxm;onf/ a&pD;tm;u wGef;vkdufonfh
tcgwGif pufoD;onf a&GUoGm;NyD; pufoD;ESifhtwl azmifvnf; a&GUoGm;u wpfzufurf;odkY
a&mufoGm;avonf/ azmif\jrefEIef;rSm a&pD;tm;tay:wGif trSDjyKaeavonf/
uRefawmfwkdY um;ESpfpD;udk azmifay:odkYwifNyD; wpfzufurf;odkY ul;Mu\/ wpfzufurf;
wGif avvkqkdonfh&Gmuav;wpf&Gm&Sdonf/ &Gmqkdaomfvnf; tdrfpkuav;rQomjzpfyg\/ ul;
wkdYqdyfjzpfojzifh ul;wkdYorm;rsm;ESifhvufzuf&nfuav;wpfqkdifavmuf&Sdonfh&Gmi,ftpku
av;jzpfavonf/
wpfzufurf;odkYa&mufvQif avvk&GmtxGufu xrif;qkdifuav;rSm em;Muavonf/
]]q&mwkdY pm;xm;aemf? a&SUrSm bmqkdifrS r&Sdawmhbl;/ awmiftwufawGcsnf;yJ}}[k
b@mpkd;BuD;ukdpdef;armifu ajym\/ udkpdef;armifonf ajym&kHomruyg/ oludk,fwkdif avvk
xrif;qkdifrD;zdkacsmifxJodkY a&mufoGm;um ukd,fwkdif aMumfavSmfcsufjyKwfvsuf &Sdavonf/ ukd
pde;f armifonf aMumfavSmcf sufjyKwfae&krH u cyf&,
G &f ,
G f qkid &f iS t
f rsKd;orD;av;udv
k nf; aemuf
aevkdufao;onf/
avvku xrif;qkid w
f iG f vufzuf&nfvnf; &onf/ aomufcsifonfqv
dk Qif &Sr;f t&uf
aumif;aumif;vnf; &onf/ aemufausmbufwiG f wa0ga0gjrnfojH zifh pD;qif;aeonfeh rwl
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

&Sr;f jynfee,fajrmufyikd ;f wGif erwjl rpfac: 'k|0wDjrpfukd a&Smifr&yg/ wpfae&mr[kwf


wpfae&mwGif toGifwpfrsKd;r[kwf toGifwpfrsKd;jzifh awGYae&onfomjzpfygonf/

100

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

acsmif;ESiq
hf idk af &SUwGif eufapmufaom awmifurf;yg;,HBuD;udk jrif&ojzifh &Icif;vnf; aumif;
ygonf/ jrpfESifhawmifurf;yg;,HBum;wGif ykcufpD;aeonfhavvk&Gm jzpfygonf/
csrf;vnf;csrf;? yef;vnf; yef;ojzifh uRefawmfww
Ydk awG xrif;rpm;cif &Sr;f t&ufvuf
zuf&nfMurf;yef;uefwpfv;Hk pDavmuf aomufvu
dk Mf uonf/ wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk udk ylaEG;&Sed ;f zde;f oGm;
apaom &Srf;t&ufygwnf;/
avvkrS erfq
h eftxd rkid f 40 ausmfc&D;rSm awmifwufawGcsnf; jzpfavonf/ armfawmf
um;vrf;onf ay 5000 rS 7000 txdjrifhaomawmifBuD;awGay:odkY wufoGm;onf/ wpf
avQmufvkH; vrf;u usOf;usOf;uav;rQom jzpf\/ armfawmfum;wpfpD; bD;vGwf&kHuav;rQ
omus,favonf/ ab;wGifrl eufapmufaom awmifurf;yg;,HBuD;rsm;? awmifurf;yg;,H
wpfavQmuf awmifapmif;rsm;wGif pdu
k x
f m;onfv
h ufzufcif;rsm;udk jrif&\/ rwfapmufaom
awmifapmif;rsm;wGif pdkufxm;ojzifh vufzufpkdufol vufzufcl;olwkdY\uRrf;usifrIESifhvkyf
tm;wkdYudk uRefawmfwkdYtHhMo&avonf/ t&SdefrowfEdkif vdrfhrsm;usoGm;vQif t&kd;tom;
yif &SmawGYEkdifzG,f rjrifyg/
t&Sefonf usOf;ajrmif;onfhawmifwufvrf;wGifvnf; armfawmfum;puf&Sdefukd avQmh
armif;jcif;r&Sdyg/ uRefawmfwkdYu puf&Sdefudk avQmharmif;ckdif;onfhwkdif ]r&bl;q&mwkdY&JU?
awmifwufqkdwm t&SdefeJYwufrS &rSm/ t&SdefeJYrwuf&if aemufjyefusrSmaygh}[kqkdygonf/
uRefawmfwu
Ydk m; rnforYdk Q rajymawmhyg/ uroum[kom oabmxm;vku
d Mf uygonf/
vrf;wGif rsufESmcsif;qkdifrSvmonfhum;rsm;udk rawGY awmfao;onf[katmufarh&onf/
rsufESmcsif;qkdfifrSvmonfhum;ESifhwkd;vQif um;ESpfpD; ra&Smifomonfhawmifay:vrf;wGif rnf
odkY a&SmifMurnfudk uRefawmfwkdY pOf;pm;r&yg/
]]tay:u qif;vmwJhaumifu a&SmifvkdY&wJhae&mtxd aemufqkwfay;&w,fav}}[k
olwkdYu ajymjyMuonf/

oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

101

erfhqefNrdKUwnf&Sd&m awmifudk uRefawmfwkdY jrifae&avNyD/


odkY&mwGif awmfawmfESifhra&mufEkdifyg/ erfhqefonf tjrifhqkH;awmifxdyfwGif wnfxm;
ojzifh NrdKU&S&d mawmifxyd u
f kd jrifae&onfw
h idk af tmif awmifawGukd auGyY wfomG ;ae&qJ? tauGY
awGuvnf; rsm;vkdufonfhjzpfjcif;/ avvkrS erfhqeftxd tauGYaygif; 999 auGY&Sdonf[kqkd
ygonf/
avvkrSm &Srf;&Gmjzpf\ aemufwGif awGY&onfh&Gmrsm;rSm yavmif&Gmrsm;jzpfavonf/
refuef? [dkcpf? Z,fwkef[krf;? bk&m;BuD;? refcdkufponfhyavmif&GmBuD;rsm;jzpfNyD; trsm;tm;
jzifh vufzufpkdufysKd;jcif;? vufzufcl;jcif;jzifh toufarG;Muaom yavmiftrsKd;om;rsm;ae
xkdif&m &GmBuD;rsm;jzpfMu\/ yavmif&Gmrsm;rSm ukef;apmif;wGif aqmufxm;onfh&Gmwef;&Snf
BuD;rsm;jzpfavonf/ vrf;\0J,mwGifom tdrfwef;rsm;&SdNyD; tdrfrsm;rSm a&SUrsufESmpmwGif
awmifuek ;f ay: ar;wifvsuf aemufaz;rSm awmifapmif;rsm;wGif aqmufxm;onfah jcwH&n
S f
tdrfrsm; jzpfavonf/
vrf;wGif armfawmfum; ysufaeojzifh ajcvsifvmaeMuaom w&kwb
f ek ;f awmfBuD;rsm;
ESifhr,foDv&Sifrsm;ukd awGY&avonf/ erfhqefw&kwfbkef;BuD;ysHodkYvmonfh vm;&Id;rS w&kwf
bkef;BuD;rsm;ESifhr,foDv&Sifrsm;jzpf\/ rQvljywfonfhawmBuD;awmifBuD;xJwGif ouf&G,f
tkrd if;vSNyDjzpfonfw
h &kwb
f ek ;f awmfBuD;rsm;ESiw
hf &kwb
f mG ;oDv&SiBf uD;rsm;udk uRefawmfwaYdk rmf
awmfum;jzifh wifac:cJhzkdYaumif;onf/ odkY&mwGif uRefawmfwkdYum;ay:wGif ae&mr&Sdawmh/ ol
wkdYuvnf; uRefawmfwkdYum;ukd bmrQ rultnDrawmif;yg/
erfhqefvrf;wpfavQmufwGif vufzufawmifawGudkcsnf; awGYae&onf/ udkbkdeDrSm &I
cif;aumif;awGYvQif armfawmfum;ukd &yfapNyD; rMumcP "mwfykH&kduf\/
udkbdkeDrSm touf 40 wGif;avmuf&Sdonfh&Srf;trsKd;om;wpfa,mufjzpfNyD; owif;
axmufjzpfavonf/ rsm;pGmaom owif;axmufrsm;uJhodkYyif udkbkdeDonf 0goemBuD;vGef;
om owif;axmuftvkyfukd vkyfaeaomfvnf; xkdtvkyfjzifh xrif;rpm;avmufyg/ wpfzuf
wGif "mwfykHvkyfief;vkyfNyD; vm;&Id;aps;xJwGif pmtkyfqkdifzGifhxm;avonf/
udkbkdeDum; owif;axmufyDooljzpfonf/ &Srf;pum;ukdomru vm;[l? yavmif? 0?
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(18)
pdrfhBuD;NrdKifBuD;xJu wkef,ifaoma&

102

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

ucsif? w&kwfpum;wkdYudkvnf; tenf;i,fajymwwfonf/ yg;vsm;jzwfvwfoljzpfonhft


wGuf olYvkyfief;ESifhol cGifusvSay\/
erfq
h efNrdKUem;odYk a&mufvmonft
h cgwGif vrf;ab;wpfzufwpfcsuf xif;ykBH uD;rsm;udk
jrif&\/ awmifay:wGif xif;&SL;awG? awmifwrmawG aygufaeMuonf/ xkdrQruyg/ yef;oD;
&kid ;f yif awmMuufarmufyif? rufref;&kid ;f yif? awma*G;yif? q,fozef;yifponfwu
Ydk v
dk nf; awGY
&avonf/
vGefcJhonfhtESpf 50 ausmfu erfhqefonf awmxlxyfonfhe,fjzpfaomfvnf; aemuf
ydik ;f wGif awmckwMf uojzifh 60 &mcdik Ef eI ;f avmuf jyKef;ukeNf yD[k a'ocHwu
Ydk cefrY eS ;f Muavonf/
reufuwnf;u xGufvmcJhaom uRefawmfwkdYonf erfhqefodkY naeapmif;rS a&mufMu
onf/ wpfaeukef awmifawGay:rSm oGm;cJh&aomc&D;Murf;jzpfay\/
erfhqefum; awmifapmif;ay:rSmwnfxm;onfhNrdKUjzpfojzifh vrf;us,fus,fr&Sd/ tdrf
awGu jynfhusyfNyD; vrf;awGu usOf;usOf;uav;awGom jzpf\/ um;ESpfpD;yif a&Smifarmif;
r&yg/
uRefawmfwkdYrSm reufpm rpm;cJh&ao;ojzifh reufpmtjzpf emrnfausmferfhqefacguf
qGJjzifh reufpmNyD;vkdufMu&onf/
aps;wGif acgufqGJpm;NyD; uRefawmfwkdY wnf;ckd&rnfherfhqefaq;&kHBuD;odkYvmcJhMuonf/
erfhqefaq;&kHrSm wpfcgu awmifydkifapmfbGm;BuD;apmcGefyef;pdef\a[mfudk jyKvkyfxm;jcif;jzpf
NyD; NrdKUjyifbuf uke;f jrifBh uD;wpfcak y:rSm wnf&o
dS jzifh NrdKUudk tay:pD;rS aumif;aumif;jrifae
&avonf/
armfawmfum;onf uke;f udk auGyY wfazmufxm;onfu
h w&map;vrf;twkid ;f wufvmcJh
NyD; a[mvDa[mhcfpf? cs,f&D? ukvm;xif;&SL;wkdY a0qmtkyfqkdif;aeonfhaq;&kH0if;BuD;xJodkY 0if
cJhMuonf/ erfhqefwGif wnf;ckd&dyfomaumif;aumif; r&Sdojzifh {nfhonfawGvmvQif aq;&kH
0if;BuD;xJu q&m0eftdrfrSmyif wnf;Mu&onf/
erfq
h efaq;&krH S NrdKUe,fq&m0efBuD;a'gufwmpef;vGirf mS us,f0ef;aomwpfxyfwu
dk w
f iG f
wpfa,mufwnf;aeojzifh uRefawmfwkdYwawG vGwfvGwfvyfvyf wnf;cdkEkdifavonf/
oD[&wempmay

a'gufwmpef;vGirf mS t&yfyyk ?k tom;jzLjzL? uk,


d v
f ;Hk cyfao;ao;ESijhf zpfNyD; jyKH;&Tiaf zmf
a&Gaom trlt&m&Sd vIyf&Sm;[efrSm vlESifhrvkdufatmif oGufvufzswfvwfvSay\/ vuf
axmufq&m0efjzpfonfo
h ZYl eD;rSm &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyikd ;f odYk ajymif;oGm;onft
h wGuf uRefawmf
wkdYudk {nfhcH&mrSm olwpfa,mufwnf; BuJae&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYcsrf;vQif rD;vIH&eftwGuf
rD;vif;zkdfrsm;udk olukd,fwkdif rvmonf/ uRefawmfwkdY tdyfzkdY ukwifawGudk olukd,fwkdifqif
onf/ apmifawG acgif;tkH;awG? jcifaxmifawGudk olukd,fwkdifoGm;o,fonf/ uRefawmfwkdYu
wm;aomfvnf; r&/ ]]&ygw,f? cPae&if uRefawmhfq&mrawG vmvkyfay;rSmyg/ ck olwkdY*sL
wDrNyD;ao;vkdYyg? vmrSmyg}}[k ajymum olukd,fwkdif vkyfaeonf/ uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG a&csKd;
&eftwGuf a&tkd;udkvnf; oludk,fwkdif wnfum olukd,fwkdif a&aEG;pyfay;onf/
a'gufwmpef;vGifrSm pmzwf0goemygoljzpfojzifh uRefawmfwkdYvmonfudk 0rf;omae
avonf/ olonf tvkyfvkyf&if;vnf; uRefawmfwkYdESifhpmaMumif; ayaMumif;awGudk rarm
wrf; ajymaevkdufao;onf/ uRefawmfwkdY vufzuf&nfBudKufwwfrSef;odojzifh a'gufwmpef;
vGifonf ol odrf;xm;onfhvufzufajcmufbl;udk azmufNyD; vufzuf&nf azsmfwkdufvkdufao;
onf/
]]'Dvufzufajcmufbl;u q&mwkdY vmvkdYazmufwm/ rdef;rqDukd ydkYrvkdodrf;xm;wm}}[k
ajymygonf/
a'gufwmpef;vGif\vufzufajcmufrSm vufzufay:ump cl;xm;onfha&TzDOD;tcsKd
ajcmuf jzpfavonf/ a&TzDOD;vufzufajcmufukd onfESpf r&Ekdifawmh/ aemufESpf vufzufcl;
csdefusrS &Ekdifawmhrnf/ a'gufwmpef;vGifrSm vufzuf&nftcsKdBudKufoljzpf a&TzDOD;u ay:
cJo
h nfv
h ufzufajcmufukd wpfEpS pf m pkaqmif;odr;f qnf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ olajymonft
h wkid ;f
vufzufajcmufuvnf; tvGefaumif;ygonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif uRefawmfwkdY
aomufcJh&onfhvufzuf&nf vufzufajcmufrsm;teuf taumif;qkH;vufzufajcmufay
wnf;/ a'gufwmpef;vGif wkdfufvkdfufonfhvufzuf&nfudk uRefawmfwkYd rarhEkdifawmhyg/
a'gufwmpef;vGio
f nf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd taumif;pm;vufzuf&nftcsKdajcmufjzifh wku
d f
NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf naepmudk olukd,fwkdif pDpOfygonf/ ol auR;vkdufonfh[if;
rsm;uvnf; wu,fh yavmiftrsKd;om;rsm; pm;onfh[if;rsm; jzpfavonf/ awmifBuD;c&rf;
oD;udk ausmuf*sif;? i&kwfoD;? yJykyf? MuufoGefjzLEkdifEkdifjzifh csufxm;onfh[if;(xkd[if;udk y
avmiftrsKd;om;rsm;u ]cRef}[kac:Muonf/)rQpfcsOfudk aygif; okwfxm;onfh[if;wpfcGuf
(xkd[if;udk yavmiftrsKd;om;rsm;u ]vlqwf}[kac:Muonf/)ausmuf*sif;ESifhcsufxm;onfh
rken
fY if;[if;csKdtjyif Muufom;udk i&kwo
f ;D pyfpyfjzifh csufxm;onf[
h if;wpfcu
G v
f nf; ygvdu
k f
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

103

104

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

ao;onf/ tjcm;[if;rsm;udkum; uRefawmfaumif;aumif; rrSwfrdawmhyg/


nykid ;f wGif NrdKUcHvBl uD;rsm;? pmqkad wmfaumfrwD0ifrsm;ESirhf w
d q
f ufyu
JG sif;yMuonf/ erfh
qefa'ocHrsm;onf olwkdYNrdKUwGif pmqkdawmfyGJjzpfojzifh wuf<uaeMuonf/ olwkYdqDwGif pmqkd
awmfa[majymyGJudk MuKHwkdif;MuKHckdufrSm vkyfcJhMuonf/ ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; rvkyfjzpfcJh/ pma&;q&m
rsm; a&mufvmrS a[majymyGaJ v; bmav; aumufvyk v
f u
dk o
f nfavmufom &Scd zhJ ;l onf/ onf
ESpfwGifrl pmqkdawmfaumfrwDudkzGJY yxrqkH;tBudrf pmqkdawmfaeYtjzpf owfrSwfusif;yjcif;
jzpfonf/
rdwq
f ufyw
JG iG f rdwaf qGa[mif;jzpfonfAh v
dk rf LS ;pk;d jrifu
h kd rarQmfvifb
h J oGm;awGaY vonf/
Akv
d rf LS ;pk;d jrihrf mS wm0efjzihf erfq
h efoaYkd &mufaejcif;jzpf\/ vGecf o
hJ nfah v;ig;ESpaf vmufu 'ku
d f
OD;pmqkdawmfyGJwGif olYtdrfrSm uRefawmfwnf;cJhzl;onf/ xkdYaemuf &efukefwGif wpfcgESpfcgawGY
vkdufNyD; aysmufoGm;onfrSm MumvSNyD/ ,ck jyefawGY&jcif; jzpfavonf/
a&wkefatmif csrf;onfqkdonfrSm [kwfavmufygonf/ xkdnu apmifawG txyfxyf
jcKH tdyfMuaomfvnf; csrf;vGef;ojzifh xkdnu uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG aumif;aumif; tdrfr
aysmfMuyg/

(19)
*seef; odkYr[kwf *s&ef; odkYr[kwf Z,ef;
a'gufwmpef;vGiw
f u
dk o
f nfh erfq
h efa&TzOD ;D tcsKdajcmufjzifh azsmfxm;onfv
h ufzuf&nf
ususudk aomufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYwpfodkuf NrdKUudk avQmufMunfhMuonf/ erfhqefonf
awmifxdyfawGay:rSm &Sdaomfvnf; aea&mifonf aumif;aumif; rvif;Ekdifyg/ awmifckd;rsm;
ESifh ESif;rsm;aMumifh erfhqef\reufcif;onf tkHYrIdif;aeygonf/
erfhqefNrdKUv,fvrf;rSm usOf;ajrmif;NyD; ukef;wuf? ukef;qif;awGESifhjynfhESufaeonfh
vrf;jzpfavonf/ tdrfrsm;rSm ESpfxyftdrfrsm;jzpfvsuf tay:xyfwGif vlaeNyD; atmufxyf
wGif qkdifzGifhxm;onfhtdrfqkdifrsm; jzpfMuonf/ tdrfwkdif;vkdvkd ukefpkHqkdifuav;rsm; zGifhxm;
Muonfukd uRefawmfwkdY owdjyKrdMuonf/ awmifay:yavmif&Gmrsm;onf xdktdrfqkdifuav;
rsm;udk tm;udk;aeMu&onf/
oD[&wempmay

erfhqefNrdKUe,fwGif wtmef;ac: yavmiftrsKd;om;u 80 &mcdkifEIef;jzpfNyD; &Srf;u 8


&mcdkifEIef; jzpfavonf/ wwd,trsm;qkH;rSm w&kwftrsKd;om;jzpfNyD; 7 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf[kod
&avonf/
Z,ef;vufzuf[laom trnfudk uRefawmfMum;zl;onfrSm MumvSygNyD/ odkY&mwGif bm
aMumifh Z,ef;[kac:onfudk uRefawmfrodyg/ Z,ef;\teuft"dyg ,fuv
kd nf; uRefawmf rod
yg/ erfhqefodkYa&mufonhftcgusrSyif Z,ef;qkdonfhvufzufqkdonfrSm Z,ef;&GmrS cl;onfh
vufzufjzpfaMumif; od&awmhonf/
Z,ef;&GmrS erfq
h efNrdKUESiw
hf pfqufwnf; jzpfavonf/ ,ckrl erfq
h efNrdKUpGe[
f yk if ac:Ekid f
avmufygNyD/
erfq
h efaps;rS NrdKUv,fvrf;twkid ;f awmifay:odw
Yk ufomG ;vQif vrf;onf wjznf;jznf;
usOf;ajrmif;vmonf/ tdrrf sm;uvnf; NrdKUv,frmS uJo
h Ykd oGyrf ;dk ? ysOfum? ESpx
f yftrd rf sm; r[kwf
awmhbJ &&mopf0g;wkdYjzifh aqmufxm;onfhwJrsm;udk awGY&\/
xkd&yfuGufrSm yavmiftrsKd;om;rsm; aexkdifonfhZ,ef;&Gmjzpfavonf/ trsm;tm;
jzifh vufzufpu
kd yf sKd; vufzufc;l onfyh avmiftrsKd;om;rsm; aexkid Mf u\/ uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf
vufzufajcmuftcg;? vufzufajcmuftcsKdESifhvufzufcsOfvkyfonfhae&mrsm;udk vkdufMunfh
Muonf/ ukd,fydkifvkyfonfhvkyfief;rsm; jzpfMuonf/
]]vufzufokH;rsKd;&Sdw,fq&m&JU? tcsKdajcmuf vkyfwJhvufzufajcmuf&,f? tcg;&,f?
tcsOf&,f}}[k uRefawmfwkdYudk vkdufydkYol or0g,rOu|OD;nTefYarmifu &Sif;jyonf/
]]vufzufawG cl;NyD;wmeJY wcsKdUudk tcsKdajcmufvkyfw,f/ tcsKdajcmufvkyfw,fqkdwm
aygif;wmayghav/ aemufawmh q&mwdkYudk tcsKdajcmufpuf&kHudk vkdufjyygr,f/ NyD;awmh tcg;
ajcmuf? tJ'guav;awmh wpfqdwfa&;vkdufprf;ygq&m&,f? jynfrwkdY b,fwkdYrSm tcg;ajcmuf
udk tMurf;ajcmufvkdYac:aeMuw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY yavmiftrsKd;om;awGu tMurf;ajcmuf
vkdYac:wm enf;enf;rS rcHEkdifbl;/ jynfrrSm ac:aeMuwmu tcg;ajcmufudk tMurf;ajcmuf
wJh/ tcg;&nfudkvnf; vufzuf&nfMurf;wJh/ tJ'gav;udk q&mwkdY pma&;q&mawGu jyif
atmifa&;ay;ygq&m&,f}}[k OD;nTefYarmifu ajymjyonf/
jynfrwGif vufzuf&nftcg;udk tMurf;ajcmuf? tzefajcmuf[k trsKd;rsKd;ac:Muyg
onf/ tnmwGirf l tzefajcmuf[k ac:Muygonf/ &efuek w
f iG rf l tMurf;ajcmuf[ak c:Muonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

105

106

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

b,fwkef;u bmhaMumifh tMurf;ajcmuf[kac:cJhonfudk uRefawmf rodyg/ ,ckrl uRefawmfwkdY


ukd,fwkdif tMurf;ajcmuf? vufzuf&nfMurf;[k ac:aeMuavNyD/
pifppf a0g[m&wpfcku ajymif;vJa&;? a0g[m&wpfck t&SnfwnfwHha&; odkYr[kwf
aysmufu,
G af &;wGif pma&;q&m\tcef;onf bmrQrajymyavmufyg/ vlx\
k tcef;omvQif
ta&;BuD;ygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf vufzufcsOfvkyfonfhvkyfief;udk 0ifMunfhMu\/ vufzufcsOfrSm uRef
awmfwkdYpm;aeMuonfhvufzufpdkudk yavmifwkdYu ac:jcif;jzpfygonf/ vufzuftnTefYrsm;udk
cl;NyD; zkdBuD;rsm;jzifh odyfxm;jcif;jzpfavonf/ yavmifawmifrS wpfESpfvQif vufzuf&Gufpdrf;
87 odef;xGufonf[k od&avonf/
Z,ef;&Gm\t"duvkyfief;rSm vufzufcl;jcif;? vufzufpkdufjcif;ponfhvkyfief;rsm;jzpf
avonf/ rlvwkef;u yavmifudk *seef;[kac:NyD; aemifwGif *s&ef;? xkdrS Z,ef;[kjzpfvm
aMumif;jzifh OD;nTefYarmifu ajymjyonf/
Z,ef;&Gm\t"duvkyfief;rsm;udk MunfhNyD;aemuf aumfrlqif;bk&m;udk 0ifzl;Muonf/
aumfrlqif;bk&m;rSm tawmfjrifhonfhukef;jrifhay:wGif wnfxm;jcif;jzpfNyD; apwDBuD;wpfql
tjyif apwDi,frsm;pGmudkvnf; owfowfwnfxm;avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfudk 0ifzl;Mu\/ ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfrSm y
avmiftrsKd;om;wpfO;D jzpfNyD; OD;y@dwjzpfavonf/ ausmif;xkid q
f &mawmfrmS oufawmf odyf
rBuD;ao;yg/ od&Yk mwGif t&G,Ef iS rhf vku
d af tmif a`Eou
d m ESijhf ynfph o
Hk nfb
h ek ;f awmfBuD;jzpfav
onf/
wpfae&mwGif yk*Hacwfu xkvkyfonfhusefppfom;&kyfykHESifhwlonfhykHwpfykHudk awGYojzifh
ar;Munfh&m tavmif;pnfolrif;BuD;\ykH[k od&avonf/
'@m&Drsm;tqkdt& yavmifawmifrsm;udk vufzufrsKd;aphudk ,lvmolrSm tavmif;
pnfolrif;BuD;[k tqkd&Sdav&m yavmiftrsKd;om;rsm;onf ,ckxufwkdif tavmif;pnfol\
aus;Zl;udk rarhMuao;yg/ ,ckxufwkdif ESpfwkdif; wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 14 &ufaeYwGif t
avmif;pnfolrif;BuD;\&kyfwkudk NrdKUwGif;odkY vSnfhvnfyifhaqmifum tavmif;pnfolvSnfhyGJ
usif;yMuqJ jzpfavonf/
oD[&wempmay

'@m&Drsm;tqkdt& tavmif;pnfolrif; wkdif;cef;vSnfhvnf&mrS ou&mZf 468 ck?


wefaqmifrkef;vwGif erfhqefNrdKUe,f awmifraus;&Gmtkyfpk vG,fqkdifawmifodkY a&muf&SdcJhNyD;
vufzufrsKd;aphrsm;udk wmiGKdif;qkdoltm; ay;cJh&mrS erfhqefe,fwGif vufzufudk tpOftquf
pdkufysKd;cJhMuonf[k tqkd&Sdavonf/
&Srf;jynfe,f a*ZufwD;,m;udk jyKpkol a*s*sDpaumhurl tavmif;pnfol[k rqkd/ ,r"d
pnfo[
l q
k o
kd nf/ (e&ywdpnfou
l kd qkad voavm rajymwwfyg/)olt
Y qkt
d & ,r"dpnforl if;
onf jrpfwpfjrpfodkYta&mufwGif a&epfaombDvl;rif;om;wpfyg;udk u,fcJhojzifh xkdrif;om;
u rif;BuD;tm; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm Mumonfhwkdif ykyfodk;jcif;r&SdaomiSufaowpfaumifudk ay;cJh
aMumif;? iSufaoudk cGJMunfhonhftcgwGif vnfrsKdwGif wpfaeonfhopfaphwpfaphudk awGY&
aMumif;? xkdopfaphudk xkwfvkdufonfhtcgwGif iSufaoonf vsifjrefpGm ykyfodk;oGm;aMumif;?
rif;BuD;wkid ;f cef;vSnv
hf nf awmifyikd ;f e,foaYkd &mufonht
f cgwGif rkq;dk wdt
Yk m; ac: xko
d pf
aphudk pdkuf&efay;cJhaMumif; rkqkd;u vufwpfzuf cH,lonfhtwGufaMumifh rlvu xkdopfaphrS
aygufaomt&Guu
f kd vufwpfzuf[k ac:aMumif;? aemifwiG rf S vufzuf[
l jzpfvmaMumif;jzifh
a&;xm;avonf/
xkt
d qkd rnfrQrSerf nf? rrSerf nfukd uRefawmfrodyg/ od&Yk mwGif aumfrq
l if;bk&m;y&d0P
k f
xJwGif&Sdonfhtavmif;pnfolrif;BuD;\&kyfwka&SUwGifrl rkqkd;BuD;wpfOD;u 'l;axmufxkdifum
rif;BuD;tm; vufwpfzufjzefY awmif;cHaeykHudk awGYcJh&avonf/
aumfrlqif;bk&m;ukd zl;NyD;aemuf tcsKdajcmufvkyfief;rsm; xkwfvkyfonfhpuf&kHodkYvmcJh
Muonf/ xkdvufzufajcmufpuf&kHudk rlvykdifolrsm;rSm NAdwdoQt&if;&Sifrsm;jzpfaom bkHab
bm;rm;x&dwf'if;aumfykda&;&Sif;vDrdwufjzpfavonf/ *syefacwfwGif *syefwkdYu qufvuf
vkyu
f ikd cf NhJ yD; ppftNyD;wGif bDbw
D pD t
D ,fvu
f jyefvnfvyk u
f ikd cf o
hJ nf/ ,cifu vufzufajcmuf
xkwfvkyf&mwGif Withering System ac: tEGrf;cHpepfudk tokH;jyKcJhaomfvnf; aemufydkif;wGifrl
Cuther System ac: a&npfonfhpepfudk tokH;jyKcJhavonf/ aemufydkif;wGif bDbDwDpDt,fvf
u bD'Db&m;om;odkY a&mif;cJhonf/
1965 ckEpS w
f iG f BuD;MuyfnEd idI ;f a&;aumfrwDatmufwiG f xm;&Scd NhJ yD; vufzufajcmufvyk f
ief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifcJhonf/ xkdYaemufwGif trSwf(1) pufrI0efBuD;Xmeu acwodrf;,lNyD;
aemuf vkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifcJhonf/ 1980-81 ckESpfwGif vufzufukefMurf; 5 odef;cGJ
cefYudk vufzufajcmuftjzpf xkwfvkyfcJh&m vufzufajcmufydmaygif; wpfodef;ESpfaomif;
cefY xGuf&SdcJhonf[k od&avonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

107

108

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

vufzuftcsKdajcmufpuf&rHk mS uke;f jrifBh uD;wpfcak y:wGif &Sad vonf/ uRefawmfwo


Ydk nf
ausmufwkH;awG pDxm;onfhavSum;twkdif; ukef;jrifhBuD;ay:odkY wufcJhNyD; puf&kHrSL;&kH;cef;odkY
vmcJMh u\/ puf&rHk LS ;u qD;BudKum uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd olwpYdk uf&w
Hk iG f vufzuf&nfjzifh {nfch o
H nf/
olwnfcif;onfhvufzuf&nfonfvnf; a'gufwmpef;vGif wnfcif;onfhvufzuf&nfuJhodkY
taumif;pm;jzpfNyD; b&GwfbGef;wkdY? vpfywefwkdY? pDvkHwDwkdYxuf rnHhbJ tqifhtwef;&Sdonfh
vufzufajcmufjzpfygonf/ puf&rHk LS ;u vufzufajcmufpufrsm;udk vku
d jf yonf/ uRefawmfwYdk
a&mufonfhtcsdefrSm vufzufcl;onfhtcsdef r[kwfojzifh puf&kHudk ydwfxm;&avonf/
]]vufzufajcmufcsnf;oufoufq&dk if aumfzaD &mifaygufaew,f/ 'ghaMumifh uRefawmf
wkdYu vufzufajcmuf 10 tdwfudk ta&mifygwJhvufzufajcmufwpftdwfeJYa&m&w,f/ t&if
wkef;uawmh Bush ukrPDu xkwfwJhta&mifqkd;aq; xnfh&w,f/ qkd;aq;u wpfaygif;udk
140 aps;&Sdw,f/ ckawmh wcsKdUtjyifaps;onfawGu vufzufajcmufawGudk tkdifpDtkdifcsnf
qkd;aq;awG qkd;Muw,f}}[k uRefawmfwkdYudk ajymjyvkdufonf/
vufzufajcmufpuf&kHrS tjyefwGif &Gmopf&Sd yk*vduykdif vufzufcsOfvkyfief;udk uRef
awmfwkdY 0ifMunhfMuonf/ csOfodyfxm;aom vufzufpdkrsm;udk jyefzGihfum vufzuftnTefYt
aumif;rsm;ESifhtnHhudk a&G;aeMuonf/ tcsKdUu zsmBuD;rsm;jzifh xkdvufzufpdkrsm;udk vufzuf
ajcmufvSef;aeMuonf/ tvkyform;rsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh trsKd;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
vufzufajcmufpuf&rHk S tjyefwiG f xrif;pm;aomufNyD;aemuf a[majymyGu
J sif;y&m t
xufwef;ausmif;odv
Yk mcJMh uonf/ a[majymyGo
J Ykd y&dowfcef;vk;H jynfw
h ufa&mufMuavonf/
y&dowfaumif;aomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdY MumMum ra[mEkdifMuyg/ vm;&Id;odkY,aeY t
a&mufjyef&rnfjzpfojzifh cyfwkdwkd a[mMu&avonf/
a[majymyGNJ yD;aomfvnf; uRefawmfwYdk csufcsif;jyef r&ao;/ erfq
h efNrdKUu vrf;usOf;
usOf;uav;ay:wGif w&kwb
f ek ;f BuD;ysHvn
S v
hf mojzifh uRefawmfwu
Ydk m; rxGuEf idk /f w&kwb
f ek ;f
BuD;ysHrmS awmfawmfpnfum;ygonf/ vlwef;BuD;u awmfawmfEiS rhf qk;H Ekid /f xkaYd Mumifh &Gmvlwef;
BuD;qk;H atmif uRefawmfwYdk apmifah e&onf/ vrf;u armfawmfum;ESppf ;D ra&Smifom/ xkaYd Mumifh
uRefawmfwkdYwawG w&kwfbkef;BuD;ysHNyD;onftxd apmifhae&avonf/
w&kwfbkef;BuD;ysH NrdKUwGif;vSnfhvmonfhvlwef;BuD;qkH;oGm;onfhtcsdefwGif tcsdeft
awmfaESmif;aeavNyD/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf a'gufwmpef;vGiEf iS w
hf uG NrdKUcHvBl uD;rsm;? pmqkad wmfaumfrwD0ifrsm;
oD[&wempmay

udk uaomuarsmEIwfqufum erfhqefrS xGufvmcJhMuonf/ erfhqefrS uRefawmfwkdY xGufvm


onhftcsdefwGif nae 3 em&Dxkd;aeavNyD/ vm;&Id;ESifherfhqef rkdif 70 ausmfc&D;udk nae 6 em&D
rxkd;rD rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ ra&mufEkdifawmh/
]]uJAkdvfrSL;pdk;jrifha&? vrf;rSm uRefawmfwkdYrkd;csKyfvdrfhr,fxifw,f/ vm;&Id;*dwfuawmh
udpr&Sdbl;/ q&mcifvIdifvJ &Sdw,f/ NyD;awmh qkdif&mudkvJ uRefawmfwkdY 'DaeYjyef0ifr,fqkdwm
owif;ydNYk yD;om;/ 'gayr,fh vrf;rSm uif;awG awGv
Y Ydk tcuftcJawGEY idk w
f ,f/ 'gaMumifh cifAsm;
wkdY *dwfu axmufcHpmuav;awmh a&;ay;vdkufygOD;}}[k AkdvfrSL;pkd;jrifhudk ajym&onf/
AkdvfrSL;pkd;jrifhu uRefawmfwkdYudk axmufcHcsuf a&;ay;vkduf\/ tcuftcJawGYu xkdpm
udk jyyg[kvnf; rSmvkdufonf/
uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;q&matmifjrifah c:t&Seo
f nf ay 7000 ausmfjrifo
h nfah wmifay:vrf;
usOf;uav;wGif um;udk w&Murf; armif;vmcJah vonf/ uRefawmfwrYdk mS toufuykd if aumif;
aumif;r&SLEkdif/ vrf;u armfawmfum;bD; vGwf&kHuav;om &Sdonf/ atmufukd vrf;Munfh
vku
d v
f Qif awmifurf;yg;BuD;awG? acsmufurf;yg;BuD;awGukd rjrifaer&/ rMunfb
h v
J nf; ae
r&/
uRefawmfwt
Ydk m;vk;H pum;rajymEkid Mf u/ ay 7000 ausmfjrifo
h nfah wmifurf;yg;,Hvrf;
onf rkdif 40 ausmf&SdNyD; avvka&mufrS qkH;rnf[k awG;vkdufwkdif; uRefawmfwkdYwawG &ifarm
aeMuonf/
]]t&Seaf & ajz;ajz;armif;uGm}}[k ukpd ed ;f armifEiS u
hf b
kd edk w
D u
Ydk ajymygao;\/ od&Yk mwGif
t&Sefonf jrefEIef;udk ravQmhyg/ aer0ifrD vm;&Id;ukd ta&mufarmif;csif[ef wlygonf/
Mumawmh olwkdYuvnf; rajymawmh/ uRefawmfwkdYtm;vkH; pum;wpfcGef;rQ rajymEkdif
MuawmhbJ wxdwfxdwfESifhvkdufvmcJhMu&onf/ t&Sefum; tjyKH;rysufyg/
tqif;jzpfvm; rod/ toGm;wkef;u avvkrS erfhqefudk 4 em&Davmuf wufcJh&aomf
vnf; tjyefwGifrl avvkudk 2 em&DavmufESifha&mufoGm;Muonf/ avvkwGif uRefawmfwkdY r
em;Ekdifyg/ um;ukd azmifay:odkYwifNyD; csufcsif;ul;vmcJhMu&onf/ avvkESifhrefYqrfMum;wGif
awmifwpfawmifudk ausmf&ao;aomfvnf; ay 7000 ausmfawmifwef;ukd jzwfarmif;vmcJh&
onfhuRefawmfwkdYtzkdY xkdawmifavmufudk rrIawmhyg/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

109

110

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

uRefawmfwkdYum; refYqrfvrf;cGJodkY a&mufonfhtcgwGif nae 5 em&Dausmf 6 em&Dxkd;


cgeD;aeavNyD/ vm;&Id;udk a&muf&ef 32 rkdifvkdao;\/
refqrfrSm vm;&Id;Mum;u vrf;rSm awmifay:rSm ajrjyefYvrf;jzpfonfhtwGuf um;ukd
jrefEIef;rsm;rsm;jzifh armif;Ekdifygonf/ xkdrQru xkdvrf;rSm uRefawmfwkdYvnf; oGm;cJhzl;onfh
vrf;jzpfNyD; &Sr;f jynfe,fu um;q&mwkt
Yd zkv
Yd nf; oGm;aeusvrf;jzpfonft
h wGuf bmrQpk;d &drf
p&m r&Sdawmhyg/ vrf;wGif toGm;tvmjywfonfhtwGufrl pdwfwxifhxifh jzpf&onf/
refqrfonf xGuo
f nft
h cgwGif awmfawmfarSmifaeavNyD/ aqmif;v,fae0ef;onf ESi;f
jrLawG aemufwGif ykef;vQKd;NyD;aemuf awmifwef;rsm;aemufuG,fodkY avQmusoGm;onf/
vm;&Id-refqrfoGm; vrf;rBuD;ay:wGif uRefawmfwkdYum;wpfpD;wnf; ajy;vsuf/
tm;vkH;Nidrfoufvm&mrS pkdif;xGef;&ifu p oDcsif;qkdavonf/ pkdif;qkdifarm0foDcsif;
rsm;jzpfygonf/ ol qkdonfhtcgwGif udkyifeDuvnf; vkdufqkdavonf/ ukdyifeDrQomru oD
csif;aumif;aumif; rqkdwwfonhfukdpdef;armifuvnf; vkdufqkdonf/ cPMumvQif b,fawmh
rS oDcsif;qkdavhr&SdonfhudkbkdeDuvnf; vkdufqkdonf/
wpfvrf;vk;H arSmifyed ;f aeojzifh awmawmif&cI if;awGukd rjrif&/ Mu,fa&mifawG ta0;
rS awm&dyfwkdYudkom a&;a&;jrif&avonf/ udkbkdeDwkdY? udkpdef;armifwkdY? ukdyifeDwkdY wpfodkufu
vnf; wpfvrf;vkH; oDcsif;awGukd wpfyk'fNyD; wpfyk'f qkdvmMuonf/ csrf;vkduf at;vkdufonf
uvnf; qkdp&mr&Sdawmh/
oDcsif;qkdaumif;vmwkef; wpfae&mu atmfvkdufonfhtoHwpfoHudk Mum;vkduf&av
onf/ armfawmfum;onf xkd;&yfoGm;\/ oDcsif;qkdolrsm;url qufqdkaeMuqJ/
]]a[h puf &yfxm;? rD;awGudk zGifhxm;}}
onftoHudk Mum;awmhrS oDcsif;qkdolawG &yfoGm;Muonf/ armfawmfum;a&SUrD;rsm;ukd
vnf;aumif;? um;wGif;u rD;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; zGifhxm;vkduf&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYwawG
bmrSef;rodMuao;/
]]b,fu atmfaewmvJ? [kdrSm vufESdyf"mwfrD;eJYxkd;jyaew,f}}
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

111

]]b,fu um;vJ? b,foGm;rvkdYvJ}}


]]vm;&Id;udk oGm;rvkdYyg? pmqkdawmf a[majymyGJu jyefvmwJhpma&;q&mawGyg}}
]]rvkcd sifb;l ? 'DrmS tdy?f b,fum;rS oGm;cGirfh ay;Ekid b
f ;l / vm;&I;d a&muf&ifvJ 0ifciG afh y;
rSm r[kwfbl;/ NrdKUjyifrSm tdyf&rSm}}
olwEYdk iS u
hf RefawmfwYdk ta0;rS atmfajymaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ olwu
Ydk uke;f xdyu
f if;pcef;
xJrSm/ uRefawmfwkdYu vrf;ray:u armfawmfum;vrf;ay:rSm/
onftwkid ;f atmfajymaerjzpf/ atmufqif;NyD; aoaocsmcsm &Si;f jyrSjzpfawmhrnf/
odrYk [kwv
f Aif uRefawmfww
Ydk awG vrf;wGif ntdyaf e&awmhrnf/ tdy&f onfu udpr &S/d reuf
jzef uGefvkHa[majymyGJukd csdef;xm;NyD;om;/ onfrSm ntdyfvQif reufjzef uGefvkHa[majymyGJyg
ysufawmhrnf/
uRefawmfwkdYtxJu wpfa,muf armfawmfum; rD;a&miftwkdif; atmufodkYqif;NyD; ol
wkdYuif;pcef;qDodkY avQmufoGm;onf/ xkdtcgusrS olwkdYbufuvnf; ukef;atmufodkYqif;vm
onf/
tem;a&mufawmh uRefawmfwu
Ydk &Si;f jyonf/ Akv
d rf LS ;pk;d jrifah &;ay;vku
d o
f nfah xmufcH
csufudkvnf; xkwfjyonf/ onfawmhrS auseyfoGm;um uRefawmfwkdYukd vufzuf&nfMurf;awG
wkduf? jrnf;p&mawG auR;? pum;awGajymum tzGJYusoGm;Muavonf/ olwkdYu 0wKawGt
aMumif;? pma&;q&mawGtaMumif;udk ar;onf/ wcsKdUpma&;q&mrsm;qkv
d Qif uRefawmfwyYdk if
rzwfpzl;/
]]uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm pmtkyfodyfiwfw,f/ pmtkyfuav; bmav;yg&if uRefawmfwkdYudk
ay;cJhMuprf;yg/ bmqkd bmrS rzwf&bl;}}[kqkdojzifh uRefawmfwkdYwGifygonfh pmtkyfta[mif;
okH;av;tkyfukd ay;cJhMuonf/ onftcgwGif olwkdYwawG 0rf;omaeMuavonf/
olwkdYu uRefawmfwkdYESifhpum;awG ajymcsifMuao;onf/ jzpfEkdifvqif xkdaeYn olwkdY
uif;pcef;rSmem;NyD; olwkdYESifhpum;ajymapcsifMuonf/ odkY&mwGif uRefawmfwkdY rtdyfEkdfiyg/ r
euftapmBuD;wGif c&D;xGufp&m &Sdao;ojzifh xGufvmcJhMuygonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

tjcm;r[kwfyg/ tdEkdif;&GmteD;u uif;rsm;jzpfygonf/

112

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

tdEkdif;rSvGefvQif udkpdef;armifwkdY? ukdyifeDwkdYwpfokduf oDcsif;qkdMujyefonf/ wpfae&m


odkYta&mufwGif armfawmfum; rD;a&mifxJwGif ckefaeonfh,kefuav;wpfaumifudk uRefawmf
wkdY jrifae&\/ um;udk&yfNyD; uRefawmfwkdYtm;vkH; ,kefuav;ukd vdkufzrf;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif
,kefukd zrf;rdavmufatmif tpGrf;&Sdonfhvlwpfa,mufrS rygyg/ ,kefonf um;vrf;ab;t
arSmifxJodkY at;at;aq;aq; qif;oGm;avonf/ uRefawmfwkdYu ,kefukd vkduf&SmcsifMuao;
onf/ ukdpdef;armifESifhukdyifeDwkdYu ]]r&bl;q&m? odyfnOfheufaevdrfhr,f}}[k qkdum um;ay:
okdYtwif;wufMuonf/ um;q&mt&Sefuvnf; onfae&mwGif MumMumaecsifykHr&/ jrefjref
a&mufcsifaeykH&onf/
vm;&Id;atwD*dwfudk uRefawmfwkdY a&mufonfhtcsdefwGif 9 em&Dxkd;aeavNyD/
wnf;ck&d yd o
f modYk jyefa&mufonft
h cgwGif udpk ed ;f armifEiS u
hf b
kd edk u
D ]]uRefawmfww
Ydk awG
vrf;rSm wpfvrf;vkH; oDcsif;awG bmjzpfvkdYqkdvmwmvJ od&JUvm;}}
]]c&D;u&Snfawmh ysif;vkdYjzpfrSmaygh}} uRefawmfwkdYtxJu wpfa,mufu ajymonf/
]]r[kwfbl;cifAsm? aMumufvkdY/ 'Dvrf;ay:rSm uRefawmfwkdYum;uvGJ&if b,fum;rS r&Sd
awmhbl;/ "m;jytm;BuD;wkdufw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYwawG ,kefvkduf&SmwJhae&mu tvGef"m;jy
wkdufwJhae&m/ wpfcgwpfcgrSm "g;jyu acsmif;NyD; ypfwwfao;w,f/ um;udk &yfNyD; twkdufcH&
&kHqkd&if awmfao;wmaygh/ bkrod brodeJYacsmif;ypfvkdufrvm;vkdY wxdwfxdwfeJY/ 'gaMumifh
oDcsif;awG qkdvkdufvmMuwm/ rajymwmuawmh q&mwkdYpdk;&drfaerSmpdk;vkdY/ trSefu 'Dae&mu
awmfawmfqkd;wJhae&m}}
xkdtcgusrS nBuD;rif;BuD; um;ay:rS qif; ,kefvkdufcJhMuonfudk jyefawG;&if; uRef
awmfwkdYwawG ausmcsrf;aeMuavonf/

oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

113

wyfrawmfjynfoq
Yl ufqaH &;Xmeu Akv
d rf LS ;BuD;ode;f pdeEf iS q
hf &m0efBuD;a'gufwmuarm
ZcifvIdifwkdY yl;wGJzdwfMum;onhftpDtpOfwGif ta&SUajrmufydkif; uGefvkH-[kdyefc&D;udk xnhfoGif;
xm;avonf/ pDpOfolrsm;u uRefawmfwkdYwawG c&D;yef;rnfudk pkd;&drfaomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdY
tzkdYrSmrl a&iwfwkef; a&wGif;xJ usouJhodkY &Sdacs\/ pifppf ta&SUajrmufydkif;odkY a&mufzkdYqkd
onfrSm rvG,fyg/ vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;? ykdYaqmifa&;ponfhtcuftcJrsm;aMumifh &Srf;jynf
e,fajrmufyikd ;f odo
Yk mG ;aompma&;q&mtzGw
YJ idk ;f ta&SUajrmufyikd ;f odYk ra&mufcMhJ uyg/ uRefawmf
wkdY a&mufoGm;jcif;rSm MuKHawmifhMuKHcJaom tcGifhta&;wpf&yfudk &&Sdvkdufjcif;jzpfonf[k qkd
Ekid yf gonf/ a&mufcv
J o
S nfah 'oudk a&mufatmif pDpOfay;Muonfyh *k K v
d rf sm;udv
k nf; aus;Zl;
wif&ygonf/
uGefvkH-[kdyefc&D;pOfwGif uarmZcifvIdifonf vrf;yef;uRrf;usifonfh'&kdifbmESifhe,f
uRrf;onfha'ocHwpfa,mufudk xnfhay;vkdufavonf/ um;q&mrSm tkdufapmqkdonfhw&kwf
ESi&hf rS ;f ujym; vli,fwpfO;D jzpf\/ olu
Y kd w&kw&f rS ;f [kvnf;ac:Ekid yf gonf/ uRefawmfwu
Ydk dk erfh
qefodkYykdYcJhonfhum;q&matmifjrifhac:t&SefuJhodkY tkdufapmonfvnf; um;armif;usifvnf&kH
omru c&D;udkvnf; aumif;pGmuRrf;usifoljzpfygonf/
uGev
f cHk &D;wGif uarmZcifvidI x
f nfv
h u
dk o
f nfah 'ocHrmS refqrfa&xGuw
f iG f aq;pyfq&m
tjzpf trIxrf;aeonfhausmfNidrf;qkdonfhucsifvli,fwpfOD; jzpfonf/ &kwfw&ufMunfhvQif
ucsiftrsKd;om;wpfa,mufxuf ArmtrsKd;om;wpfa,mufESifhwlaeonf/ &kyfuom wlonf
r[kwf/ pum;ajymvQifvnf; Armpum;udk ArmtrsKd;om;wpfa,mufxuf vSypGm ajymEkdifol
jzpfavonf/ ausmfNidrf;rSm uGefvkHteD; vG,fydef;&Jawmifajcu ucsif&Gmuav;wpf&GmwGif
arG;oljzpfonft
h wGuf xked ,fwpf0u
kd t
f aMumif;udk aumif;aumif;odol jzpfavonf/ rsufEmS
trlt&mu jyKH;&Tifoavmuf vIyf&Sm;ykHu zswfvwfoGufvufonfhtwGuf ausmfNidrf;onf
vrf;wpfavQmufwGif uRefawmfwkdYxuf rsm;pGm tokH;0ifygonf/
uarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdY\usef;rma&;udk Munfh&Iapmifha&Smuf&eftwGuf vm;
&I;d rS vufaxmufq&m0efa'gufwmMunfp;dk udv
k nf; uRefawmfwEYdk iS t
hf wl xnfv
h u
dk af o;onf/
a'gufwmMunfp;kd ESio
hf ZYl eD; a'gufwmMunfat;aqGwEYdk pS af ,mufpvk;H rSm pmay0goem&Sirf sm;
jzpfNyD; uRefawmfwkdYpmrsm;udk zwfzl;olrsm; jzpfMuojzifh uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf rsm;pGmtqifajy
ygonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(20)
ta&S U ajrmuf y d k i f ; od k Y

114

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

uarmZcifvidI o
f nf owif;axmuf ukb
d edk u
D v
kd nf; uRefawmfwEYdk iS t
hf wl xyfxnhv
f u
kd f
onf/ owif;"mwfy\
Hk wefz;dk udk aumif;pGmem;vnfaom"mwfyq
Hk &mwpfa,mufvnf;jzpf\/
uarmZcifvidI u
f uRefawmfwcYdk &D;wGif udb
k edk u
D kd xnfv
h u
dk jf cif;rSm uRefawmfwv
Ydk cdk sifonf&h u
dk f
uGif;&kdufuGufrsm;udk &kdufay;&ef xnfhvkdufjcif;jzpf\/ uRefawmhfaqmif;yg;rsm;wGif azmfjycJh
onfh"mwfykHtrsm;pkrSm ukdbkdeD&kdufay;onfh"mwfykHrsm;jzpfNyD; uRefawmhfaqmif;yg;wGif "mwfykH
rQrsm;rsm;ygEkid jf cif;rSm udb
k edk \
D tultnDaMumifo
h m jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfvcdk sifonf&h u
dk f
uGif;&kdufuGufrsm;udk rajymbJESifhem;vnfolwpfOD;jzpf&kHrQru wpfcgwpf&H uRefawmfowdrrl
rdvkdufonfh&kdufuGufrsm;yif trdt& zrf;&kdufxm;vkdufEdkifolwpfOD;jzpfygonf/
armifyife(D aus;vuf)rSm uRefawmfw\
Ydk &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyidk ;f c&D;wGif tNrJyg&oljzpf
onft
h avsmuf uGev
f cHk &D;wGiv
f nf; olygcJah vonf/ uRefawmfwYdk pmayc&D;taxGaxGwm0ef
cH[kvnf; qkdEkdifygonf/
'DZifbmv 30 &ufaeY reufapmapmwGif uRefawmfwkdYtzGJY uGefvkHodkYxGufcJhMuonf/
uGefvkHodkYrwufrD ukdbkdeDu uRefawmfwkdYukd qkdifwpfqkdifodkYac:oGm;NyD; qefacgufqGJ auR;ao;
\/ qefacgufqGJudk rBudKuf? &efukefrSm&SdpOfu qefacgufqGJukd rBudKufojzifh pm;avhpm;xr&Sd
cJhacs/ odkY&mwGif &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;odkY a&mufwkef; pm;zl;onf&Sdatmif pm;Munfhvkduf\/
awmfawmfpm; aumif;onfhqefacgufqGJjzpfygonf/ qefacgufqGJwGif tom;vkH;0rygyg/ c
&rf;csOfoD;tESpfrsm;ESifhyJykyfaxmif; qDrjyefYwjyef csufxm;onfh[if;udk qefacgufqGJxJodkY
avmif;xnfhvkdufonf/ xkdYaemuf MuufoGefjzLqDcsuf? i&kwfoD;qDaMumf? wkdY[l;<uyfaMumf? yJ
iHjym&nf/ w&kwfeHeHponfwkdYjzifh pm;&onf/ uRefawmf xifonfxuf t&om&SdonfhacgufqGJ
jzpfygonf/
udkbdkeDauR;onfhqefacgufqGJukd pm;aomufMuNyD;aemuf uGefvkHodkYxGufvmcJhMuonf/
vm;&Id;BuD;odkYta&mufwGif uarmZcifvIdif xnfhvkdufonfhaq;pyfq&mausmfNidrf;udk 0ifac:
&ao;\/ vm;&Id;BuD;&Sd ausmfNidrf;\tdrfrSm oyf&yfom;em;onfhwkdufcHtdrf jzpfavonf/
]]aq;pyfq&m&JUtdrfu aumif;vScsnfhvm;uG}}[k uRefawmfwkdYu ar;onfhtcgwGif
ausmfNidrf;u tm;&yg;& &,fvkduf&if;
]]uRefawmfhtdrf r[kwfbl;q&m/ uRefawmfha,mufz&JUtdrf/ uRefawmfha,mufzqkdwm
u uRefawmfhESr&JUa,musfm;? ukefonfqkdawmh 'DvkdtdrfrsKd; aqmufEkdifwmaygh}}
c&D;MuKHojzifh uRefawmfwkdYum;ay:wGif ausmfNidrf;\tazvnf; vkdufvmavonf/
oD[&wempmay

om;ESio
hf rD;qDoYkd tvnfvmNyD;aemuf vG,yf ed ;f &JUawmifajcu &GmodjYk yef&ef jzpfavonf/ ausmf
Nidr;f \tazrSm touf 50 ausmf 60 eD;yg;avmufom &Syd gvdrrhf nf/ od&Yk mwGif ol&Y yk rf mS touf
ESifhrvkdufatmif tkdpmvsuf &Sdum touf 70 ausmf? 80 cefYtbdk;BuD;wpfa,muf[kxif&av
onf/ ausmfNidrf;\ESr ucsiftrsKd;orD;uav;rSm acwfqefqef0wfpm;xm;avonf/ &kwf
w&ufMunfhvQif olonfvnf; ucsiftrsKd;orD;ESifhrwlbJ ArmtrsKd;orD;wpfa,mufESifhwl
aeonf/ pum;ajymvQifvnf; tenf;i,frQ 0Jjcif;r&Sdyg/
vm;&Id;csKdifh0Srf;xJwGif qD;ESif;awG qkdif;aeavonf/ odkY&mwGif csKdifh0Srf;udk um&Hxm;
onfah wmifwef;rsm;ay:wGirf l aea&mif0if;yvsuf&o
dS nf/ csKdi0hf rS ;f xJraS eMunfv
h Qif ud,
k t
hf eD;
wpf0u
dk rf mS om qD;ESi;f awGqidk ;f aeNyD; ta0;awmifwef;awGay:wGif aea&mifawmufaeonf
xif&\/ odkY&mwGif awmiftjrifhawGay:odkY wufvmonfhtcg awmifwef;awGay:rSm qD;ESif;
awG qkid ;f qkaYd eNyD; csKdi0hf rS ;f xJwiG f aea&mif0if;yaeonfudk awG&Y jyefavonf/ rsufpv
d n
S jhf cif;
avm? odw
Yk nf;r[kwf awmifatmufrS awmifay:odYk wufaecsdew
f iG f &moDOwkajymif;oGm;jcif;
avm[k cGjJ cm;r&Ekid yf g/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f u aqmif;wGi;f &Icif;onf xdt
k wkid ;f jzpfonf[k
uRefawmfwkdYESifhygvmolrsm;u ajymjyMuavonf/
a&ylacsmif;okaYd &mufaomtcgwGif uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf eef;vkcH rf;odq
Yk idk b
f ufov
Ykd rS ;f Munfh
Muonf/ qkdifa&SUwGif ukefum;BuD;awG &yfxm;onfudk awGY&\/ raeYnu tdyfonfhum;rsm;
jzpfNyD; tcsKdUrSm c&D;quf&ef jyifqifaeMuavonf/ um;aemufydkif;wGif qkdzmrsm;? qufwD
rsm;udk awGY&avonf/ wcsKdUum;rsm;ay:wGif *Dwmrsm;udkvnf; awGY&\/
vm;&Id;rS eHeufvufzuf&nfESifhtqmajypm;aomufcJhMuNyD;jzpfwpfaMumif;? a&SUwGif
c&D;qufp&m&Sdao;ojzifhwpfaMumif; eef;vkHcrf;wkdYqkdifwGif rem;Muawmhyg/
cPMumvQif odEo
D aYkd &mufavonf/ odEcD sKdi0hf rS ;f xJwiG f aea&mifazsmhazsmhvif;um av
u at;pdrfhvsuf &Sd\/
odEDNrdKUv,fvrf;rBuD;u vufzuf&nfqkdifwpfqkdifwGif uRefawmfwkdYudk BudKaeonfh
owif;axmufa[mif;udkausmfat;ESifhpmqkdawmftzGJY0iftcsKdUudk awGY&avonf/ trSeftm;
jzifh olwkdYtzdkY uRefawmfwkdYudk BudKqkd&ef txl;0g,rpkdufxkwfp&m rvkdyg/ NrdKUv,fvrf;rBuD;
ay:u vufzuf&nfqkdifwpfqkdifokdY xGufvm&kHrQom jzpfygonf/ uGwfckdif? rlq,fESifherfhcrf;odkY
oGm;aom armfawmf,mOfum;rSeforQESifhuGefvkH-[dkyefodkYoGm;onfharmfawmfum;rSeforQonf
xkv
d rf;rBuD;udk jzwfoef;oGm;&av&m vrf;ray:vufzuf&nfqidk w
f pfqidk w
f iG f xkid af evQif vm
orQum;udk rvGwfEkdifyg/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

115

116

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

vm;&I;d wGif reufpmESiv


hf ufzuf&nfukd pm;aomufcMhJ uNyD;jzpfonfw
h idk f udak usmfat;wkYd
auR;ojzifh emrnfausmfodEDacgufqGJudk pm;Mu&ao;onf/ emrnfausmfoavmufvnf;
aumif;onfah cgufqjJG zpfygonf/ odEaD cgufqaJG umif;jcif;rSm tqiftjyifaMumifv
h nf; r[kwf
yg/ tqmyvmaMumifhvnf; r[kwfyg/ odEDe,fu xGufonfh*sKHtEkpm;? taumif;pm;jzifhvkyf
xm;onfhtwGuf jzpfygonf/ acgufqGJESifhtwl odEDe,fxGuf emrnfausmfodED0ufom;csOf
aMumfuv
kd nf; uRefawmfwYdk jrnf;MunfMh uygonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f odaYk &mufvQif a&Smif
r&aomtpm;aomufESpfrsKd;rSm 0ufom;ESifhtcsOfjzpfygonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufykdif;wGif
0ufom;udk trsKd;rsKd;jyKjyifpDrHMuNyD; tcsOfudkvnf; trsKd;rsKd;jyKvkyfpDrH pm;Muavonf/
rkefnif;csOf? trJcsOf? 0ufom;csOf ponfhpm;aomufzG,frsm;ukd xrif;0dkif;wkdif;wGif awGY&av
onf/ vufvkyfcsOfudk uRefawmf rpm;onfrSmMumygNyD/ odkY&mwGif &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;odkY
a&mufvQif 0ufom;ukd a&Smif&ef cufouJhodkY vufvkyfcsOfudkvnf; a&Smif&efcufojzifh a&Smif
raeawmhyg/
odErD S uGwcf idk Ef iS rhf q
l ,foYkd wpfvrf;cGo
J mG ;NyD; uGev
f -Hk [kyd efoYkd wpfvrf;cGo
J mG ;onf/ odED
rS uGefvkHodkY 53 rkdif a0;avonf/
odEDrSxGufaomtcgwGif awmifwef;rsm;udk ausmfjzwf&avonf/ xkdawmifwef;rsm;
rSm twGi;f ydik ;f awmifwef;rsm;jzpfonf[k od&\/ awmifwef;rsm;rSm opfyif0g;yifwjYdk zifh pdr;f
pdkndKrIdif;vsuf/ xkdawmifwef;rsm;rSae pdrfhprf;rsm;pGmonf odEDcsKdifh0Srf;xJodkY pD;0ifMuonf/
&Srf;jynfe,fwpf0Srf;wGif rMumcPawGY&onfherwljrpfac:'k|0wDjrpfac:jrpfi,fjrpfonf xkd
awmifwef;rsm;rS jrpfzsm;cHpDqif;vmjcif;jzpfavonf/
odErD x
S u
G v
f Qif rkid t
f enf;i,frQom uw&map;vrf;jzpfNyD; xkrd v
S eG af omf ausmufvrf;
jzpfavonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh xkdteD;wpf0dkufrS xkH;ausmufawmifrsm;udk NzdKNyD; vrf;cif;xm;
onfhausmufvrf;jzpfonf/ xkH;ausmufrsm;udk nufatmif BudwfNyD; cif;xm;ojzifh vrf;acsm
onf[kqkdEkdifaomfvnf; ausmufrIefrsm;aMumifh zkefwaxmif;axmif; jzpfaeavonf/
armfawmfum;onf ucsif&Gm? &Srf;w&kwf&Gmuav;rsm;udk jzwfvmcJhonf/ twefMum
vQif vrf;wGif &GmawG usJoGm;NyD; awmBuD;awmifBuD;awG rsm;vmonf/ armfawmfum;onf
ucsif&mG uav;ESi&hf rS ;f w&kwu
f av;wpf&mG ESp&f mG udk ausmfjzwfcNhJ yD;aemuf erfq
h vyf&mG odaYk &muf
avonf/ erfhqvyfum; uGefvkHoGm; um;rsm; &yfem;&mae&mjzpfNyD; odEDcsKdifh0Srf;tqkH;wGif &Sd
avonf/
uRefawmfwkYdonf erfhqvyf&GmwGif vufzuf&nfaomuf em;&if; aemufrSvkdufvm
oD[&wempmay

onfhum;rsm;udk apmifhMuonf/ c&D;onfwifum;rsm;onf vm;&Idf;rS erfhqvyfrtxd wpfpD;


csif; ukd,fhtpDtpOfjzifh xGufvmcJhMuaomfvnf; erfhqvyfodkYa&mufonfhtcgwGif pkaygif;um
uGeAf KG id ;f oabmrsKd;jzifh oGm;Muavonf/ od&Yk mwGif bmtapmift
h a&SmufrQawmh ygonfr[kwf
yg/ um;awG pkoGm;Mujcif;om jzpfygonf/
erfhqvyfrSm 5 &ufaps;&Sdonfh&GmBuD;jzpfonf/ 5 &ufaps;&Sdjcif;? armfawmfum;rsm; qkH
&mjzpfjcif;wkdYaMumifh xrif;qkdif? vufzuf&nfqkdifwkdYjzifh awmfawmfav; pnfum;ygonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf apmao;ojzifh reufpm rpm;Muao;bJ erfq
h vyf&mG aps;qkid w
f ef;rsm;
udk avQmufMunfhMuonf/ xl;xl;qef;qef; ypnf;qkd odyfr&SdvSyg/ awGYaeusjzpfonfh&Srf;
t&uf? ,k;d ',m;ypn;f ? w&kwyf pn;f ESiahf wmifay:rSxu
G o
f nfah q;zuf0ifypn;f tcsKdUom &Sd
ygonf/
qkid w
f pfqidk w
f iG f yavmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;ESiahf wGo
Y jzifh olwEYdk iS t
hf wl "mwfy&Hk u
dk Mf uonf/
yxraomf "mwfyt
Hk &ku
d rf cHMuyg/ uRefawmfwYdk "mwfyq
Hk &mudb
k ekd u
D olwu
Ydk v
kd nf; &ku
d Nf yD;om;
"mwfyaHk y;ygrnf[k uwdjyKum pnf;&k;H awmhrS t0wftpm;awGvNJ yD; "mwfyt
Hk &ku
d cf MH uygonf/
xkdyavmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;rSm erfhqvyfteD;&Sd awmifrsm;ay:rS qif;vmNyD; &efukefodkY
bk&m;zl;c&D;oGm;rnfhyavmiftrsKd;orD;rsm; jzpfMuavonf/
uRefawmfwaYkd &mufNyD; rMumrDwiG f c&D;onfwif *spfum;ESppf ;D ESiu
hf ek w
f ifum;BuD;ESppf ;D
a&mufvmojzifh c&D;qufxGufcJhMuonf/
erfhqvyfrS vGefvQif awmawGu ydkvkdYeuf&Idif;vmonf/ awmifawGu ydkvkdYjrifhrm;vm
onf/ uRefawmfwkdYum;rsm;onf awmifBuD;rsm;udk renf;wuf,lMu&onf/ urf;yg;euf&Idif;
rwfapmufonfv
h QKdajrmifrsm;xJwiG f opfyifBuD;awG aygufaeMuonf/ wu,fph rd Nhf rdKifBuD;awG
jzpfyg\/ xkdae&mrS awmifBuD;rsm;udk wufNyD;vQif atmufodkY jyefqif;Mu&jyefonf/ xkdae&m
rSm a&a0ukef;wef;jzpf\/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif pD;qif;Muonfhjrpfacsmif;rsm;onf xkd
a&a0ukef;wef;rS pD;qif;vmMujcif;jzpfonf/ tcsKdUonf taemufbufodkY pD;qif;MuNyD; {&m
0wDodkYpD;0ifMuonf/ tcsKdUum; ta&SUbufodkYpD;qif;MuNyD; oHvGifodkY pD;0ifMuonf/
awmifBuD;ay:rS qif;NyD; twefMumvQif uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;rsm;onf em;wD;&GmodaYk &muf
vmMuavonf/ em;wD;&GmwGiv
f nf; xrif;qkid rf sm;? vufzuf&nfqidk rf sm;&So
d jzifh xkad e&mwGif
armfawmfrsm; &yfem;avh&SdMuonf/
em;wD;rSvGefvQif &yfp&m pcef;[l r&Sdawmh/ awm ydk euf&Idif;NyD; ydkkjrifhrm;onfh
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

117

118

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

awmifwef;BuD;rsm;ukd ausmfjzwf&rnfjzpfonfhtwGuf armfawmfum;rsm;udk a&jznfh? qDjznfh


vkyfMu&ovkd vlawGudkvnf; tpma&pm jznfhMu&onf/
em;wD;wGif xrif;qkdif okH;av;qkdif&Sdaomfvnf; xrif;qkdifwpfqkdifwGifom vlpnfum;
aeonf/ uRefawmfwkdY 0ifoGm;onfhtcg xkdifp&myif r&Sdawmh/ tcsKdUu rwfwyf&yfNyD; pm;ae
Muonf/ tcsKdUu rpm;/ ae&mr&Sdao;ojzifh apmifhaeMuonf/ tcsuftjyKwfaumif;jcif;?
xrif;a&mif;onfoil ,frav;\qufqaH &;aumif;jcif;? &kyaf csmjcif;wkaYd Mumifh xkq
d idk w
f iG f
rQvlpnfaejcif;jzpfygonf/
xkq
d idk u
f [if;rsm;rSm jynfrwGif awGcY &hJ onf&h rS ;f w&kw[
f if;rsm;jzpfavonf/ uRefawmf
onf rEav;&Sd w&kwf[dkw,frsm;? aysmfyGJpm;&kHrsm;rS &Srf;w&kwf[if;rsm;udk pm;cJhzl;ygonf/
xkd[if;rsm;vnf; xl;jcm; t&omaumif;rGefonfh[if;rsm;jzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif em;wD;&Gm
wGif xkdoli,frqkdifrS pm;cJh&onfh&Srf;[if;rsm;url uRefawmf pm;zl;orQaom &Srf;w&kwf[if;
rsm;wGif taumif;qkH;jzpfrnf[k xifygonf/ [if;trsKd;trnfawGu xl;jcm;qef;jym;o
avmuf tcsuftjyKwfuvnf; aumif;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ [if;wpfrnfrSm qwfom;
csOfudk MuufoGefjzLeD? csif;? i&kwfoD;pdrf;? w&kwfeHeHwkdYjzifh aMumfxm;onfh[if;jzpfygonf/ yk
pGefcsOf? ig;uav;csOf? trJcsOf? 0ufom;csOfwkdYudk pm;cJhzl;aomfvnf; qwfom;csOfudkrl yxr
qkH;tBudrf pm;zl;jcif;jzpfavonf/
em;wD;&GmwGif reufpm pm;cJhMuNyD;aemuf c&D;qufxGufcJhMuonf/ armfawmfum;vrf;
rSm awmifBuD;rsm;udk NzdKNyD; awmifapmif;BuD;rsm;wGif azmufoGm;onf/ wpfzufwGif erfheif;
acsmif;onf awmifBudKawmifMum;? urf;yg;BudKurf;yg;Mum;rS pD;qif;aeonf/ vrf;wpf
avQmufvkH;wGif erfheif;acsmif;? wpfzufwGif awmifurf;yg;,HBuD;awG/ awmifrsm;rSm oufEk
ausmufrsm;jzpf[efwyl gonf/ wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif acsmif;bufurf;yg;awG NydKusaeMuonf/
armfawmfum;wpfpif; vGw&f aHk vmufom armif;Ekid o
f nfah e&mawGu trsm;tjym;/ acsmif;xJ
odkY NydKusaeaom urf;yg;rsm;wGif opfyif0g;yifawG aygufaeMuonf/ xkdopfyif0g;yifrsm;
aMumifh aemufxyf urf;rNydKjcif;jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ opfyif0g;yifawGom r&Sv
d Qif vrf;yifyyhJ goGm;
Ekdifonf/ onftxJwGif awmifay:u usvmonfhpdrfhprf;rsm;uvnf; armfawmfum;vrf;udk
jzwfum acsmif;xJodkY jzmqif;aeMuao;ojzifh tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif vrf;ay:wGif a&awG wif
aeonf/
erfeh if;acsmif;twkid ;f uyfazmufxm;onfah rmfawmfum;vrf;ajrmifuav;twkid ;f qif;
vmcJhNyD; twefMumvQif xl;jcm;aomawmifBuD;wpfvkH;udk jrif&\/ &ifom;armufarmufESifh
rdef;rwpfa,muf yufvufvSeftdyfaeonfESifhwlonf[k ajymMuojzifh uRefawmfwkdYMunfhrdMu
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

119

erfheif;acsmif; oHvGifjrpfxJodkYpD;0if&m jrpfqkHwGif &Gmwpf&Gmudk awGY&onf/ ,if;rSm [kd


vDqkdaom&GmjzpfNyD; udk;uefYw&kwfrsm; aexkdifMuonf/ nae aeylqmxJwGif udk;uefYw&kwf
rsm; aeqmvIaH eMuonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh 0ufarG;jcif;? pku
d yf sKd;jcif;jzifh toufarG;Muonf[k
od&onf/ [kv
d rD mS uGev
f EHk iS hf 4 rkid af usmfa0;onf/ xkd 4 rkid t
f wGi;f wGif erfeh if;acsmif;u awmif
rSajrmufodkY pD;aeNyD; oHvGifhjrpfu taemufrS ta&SUodkYpD;qif;onf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf awmifwef;rsm;ay:wGif qif;vm&if; oHviG jf rpfukd vSr;f MunfMh uonf/
w&kwfwkdYu oHvGifjrpfudk ]vlydkusef}[kac:MuNyD; &Srf;wkdYu ]erfhckH;}[kac:Muonf/ erfhrSm a&
jzpfNyD; ckH;rSm rSwfausmuf[kt"dyg,fxGuf\/ ]rSwfausmufaygrsm;aomjrpf}[k teufxGuf
onf/ oHvGifjrpfum; {&m0wDjrpfvkd rus,f/ awmifwef;awGMum;rSm pD;qif;&ojzifh tcsKdU
ae&mrsm;rSm vGepf mG usOf;ajrmif;\/ csif;wGi;f jrpfvv
dk nf; rwdr/f acsmufBudKacsmufMum;? urf;
yg;BudKurf;yg;Mum;rS pD;qif;&ojzifh euf&KS id ;f onf/ od&Yk mwGif uRefawmfwYdk jrifvu
dk &f onfu
h eG f
vkHem;wpf0kdufrSoHvGifjrpfum; xifoavmufvnf; rusOf;vSyg/ xifoavmufvnf; a&pD;
roefvSyg/ xkdae&mwpf0dkufwGif jrpf0Srf;awmfawmfus,fojzifh oHvGifonf wNidrfhNidrfhpD;aeyg
onf/ qkdAD,ufpma&;q&m &Idvkdaumhu &k&Sm;atmufwkdbmawmfvSefa&;tNyD;wGif 'Gefjrpf0Srf;
wpfavQmufwGif aexkdifMuaom aumhqufvlrsKd;pkrsm;udk aemufcHxm;um ]wNidrfhNidrfhpD;ae
aom'Gef}[lonfh0wKBuD;wpfyk'fukd a&;cJhygonf/ olYenf;wl oHvGifjrpf&kd;wpfavQmufwGif ae
xkid Mf uaom vlrsKd;pkawGukd aemufcx
H m;onf0h wK&SnBf uD;rsKd;ukd uRefawmfwYdk jrefrmpma&;q&m
awG b,fawmhrS a&;Ekdifrnfenf;[k uRefawmfawmifhwrdygonf/
uRefawmfwkdY uGefvkHodkY a&mufonfhtcsdefwGif nae awmfawmfapmif;aeavNyD/

oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

onf/ [kwfyg\/ ar;? yg;? ESma&mifwkdY oPmefudkyif zrf;,l &ygonf/ xkdawmifrSm [kduf
urf;yg;awmif[k od&avonf/

120

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(21)
uGefvkHrSm wpfncsrf;
uGev
f rHk S uRefawmfwt
Ydk rd &f iS rf mS AsL[mrSL;Akv
d rf LS ;buD;avmh&ifph af tmif'ifjzpf\/ Akv
d f
rSL;BuD;rSm tom;ndKndK? t&yfaxmifaxmifarmif;armif;? ar;&kd;um;um;ESifhjzpfNyD; ppfom;
wpfa,muf\Oy"d&kyftjynfh&Sdoljzpfonf/ AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifonf olY&kH;{nfhcef;wGif uRef
awmfwu
Ydk kd {nhcf &H if; uRefawmfwYdk odv&dk mwku
Yd dk ajzMum;NyD;aemuf uGev
f NHk rdKUudk olu,
dk w
f idk v
f u
dk f
jyonf/
uGefvkHukd wcsKdUu ]uGrf;vkH}[kvnf; a&;Muonf/ b,foif;u rSefonfudk uRefawmf
rodyg/ uGev
f q
Hk o
dk nfrmS ]uRef;BuD;}[k t"dyg ,fxu
G \
f / erfw
h if;acsmif;onf vG,yf ed ;f &Jawmif
Mum;rSae ajrmufoYkd pD;qif;vmcJNh yD;vQif [dv
k &D mG teD;wGif oHviG jf rpfxo
J pYkd ;D 0ifum taemuf
rS ta&SUodkY 4 rkdifcefY pD;qif;vmcJhonf/ okdYpD;qif;vmcJhpOf vG,frefcg;awmifajcrS pD;qif;vm
cJhaom erfheif;acsmif;ESifhaygif;qkHcJhonf/ xdkae&mwGif jrpfESpfjrpfwkdYqkHMuojzifh tv,faumif
wGif uRef;BuD;wpfuRef;jzpfay:vsuf&Sd\/ xkduRef;BuD;udk tpGJjyK uGefvkH[kac:jcif;jzpfav
onf/
uGefvkHonf oHvGifjrpf\ajrmufbufurf;wGif wnf&SdNyD; awmifbufwGif wyfpcef;rsm;
ESifhaemufwkd;vmonfhvlaetdrfajcopfrsm; &SdMuonf/ uGefvkHawmifbufurf;ESifhajrmufbuf
urf;udk emrnfausmf uGefvkHBudK;wHwm;BuD;jzifh qufxm;\/ uRefawmfwkdY i,fi,fu oifcJh&
onfhyx0D0ifxJwGif uGefvkHul;wkdYqdyf[k rSwfcJh&ojzifh uGefvkHonf ul;wkdYazmifawG? ul;wkdYavS
awGjzifh&Iyf,Sufcwfaevdrfhrnf[k rsufpdxJwGif jrifaecJhonf/ xkdrQru uGefvkHudk NrdKU[krjrif/
ul;wkdYul;aeonfh&Gmuav;wpf&Gm[k jrifcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif uRefawmfhrsufpdxJwGif jrifaeonfh
uGefvkHESifhwu,fawGYjrifvkduf&onfhuGefvkH\&kyfykHvTmwkdYonf wjcm;pDjzpfaeavonf/
uRefawmf wu,fjrifawGYvkduf&onfhuGefvkHum; awmifbufurf;taqmufttkHopf
awGEiS v
hf yS aeaom uGev
f /Hk oHviG jf rpfukd jzwfu;l xm;onfBh udK;wHwm;BuD;jzifh vSyaeonfu
h eG f
vkH/ awmifurf;yg;,HwGif tpDt&D aqmufxm;onfhtdrfopf? &kH;opfawGESifhpnfum;aeonfh
uGefvkH/ vG,fydef;&J? vG,frefcg;? [kdufurf;yg;ponfhawmifpOfawmifwef;wdkY\&ifcGifwGif arS;
pufaeonfhuGefvkH/
uGefvkHu ncsrf;wGif aqmif;ESif;awG rIefaeavonf/ ESif;jrLESifhawmifckd;wkdYMum;wGif
a&;a&;rIefay:aeonfhuGefvkH\&kyfykHvTmonf yef;csDum;wpfcsyfESifhwlaeonf/
oD[&wempmay

AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifonf um;udk ukd,fwkdifarmif;um uRefawmfwkdYukd uGefvkHNrdKUxJodkY


ac:oGm;\/ uGefvkHBudK;wHwm;udk jzwfNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf vGwfvyfa&;ausmufwkdif
&Sd&m ukef;jrifhokdYwufvmcJhMuonf/ uGefvkHwGif ajrjyefY[l odyfr&Sdyg/ aps;em;wpf0dkufwGifom
ajrjyefYjzpfNyD; usef&yfuGufrsm;rSm ukef;jrifhrsm;ay:wGif wnfxm;jcif; jzpfavonf/
uGefvkHvGwfvyfa&;ausmufwkdifukef;rS arQmfMunfhvkdufvQif aemufbufwGif rkd;aeonfh
[ku
d u
f rf;yg;awmifEiS u
hf ek ;f jrifah jc&if;wGif 0yfpif;aeaomuGev
f NHk rdKUuav;ukd aumif;aumif;
jrif&onf/ uGefvkHwGif tdrfajcwaxmifausmf&SdNyD; vlajcmufaxmifausmf aexkdifonf[k od&
avonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh udk;uefYw&kwftrsKd;om;rsm; jzpfavonf/
uGefvkHvGwfvyfa&; ausmufwkdifukef;rS qif;cJhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf NrdKUv,faps;
ykdif;odkY vmcJhMu\/ AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifonf aps;em;u qkdifwpfqkdifodkY uRefawmfwkdYudk ac:
oGm;avonf/ qkdif&SifrSm udk;uefYw&kwftrsKd;om;BuD;wpfOD; jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif qkdifudk wu,f
OD;pD;aeolrSm oGufvufcsufcsm &kyf&nfacsmarmonfholYorD;ysKd jzpfavonf/ xkdoli,fr\
oGufvufazmfa&GrI? &kyf&nfvSyrIwkdYaMumifh olYqkdifonf tNrJvkdvkd vlpnfum;aewwfonf/
xdkoli,frudkum; udk;uefYw&kwfpum;udkomru &Srf;? jrefrm? 0ponfhpum;rsm;udkvnf;
aumif;aumif;ajymEkdifonf/ jrefrmpmudkvnf; a&vnfatmif zwfEkdifavonf/
uGefvkHNrdKU\vlOD;a& 75 &mcdkifEIef;rSm udk;uefYtrsKd;om;rsm;jzpfNyD; tjcm;vlrsKd;pkrsm;
rSm tenf;i,fom &Sad vonf/ jrefrmrSm jynfrrS vma&muftrIxrf;onft
h pk;d & trIxrf;rsm;
om &SdMuonf/
]]a[h &if&if? a[m'gu pma&;q&mawG}}qku
d m Akv
d rf LS ;BuD;atmif'ifu uRefawmfwu
dYk dk
qkdif&Sif\orD; udk;uefYtrsKd;orD;uav;ESifhrdwfqufay;avonf/
]]q&mwkdYpmawGudk uRefrzwfzl;ygw,f/ ]"m;awmif}0wKxJu oHacsmif;udkowfypfum
uRefrwkdY enf;enf;rS rauseyfbl;}}[k ajymojzifh uRefawmfwkdYrSm udk;uefYtrsKd;orD;uav;udk
Munfh tHhtm;oifhaeMuonf/
]]rif;u 0wKawG bmawGvJ zwfoudk;}}
]]zwfwmaygh? uRefr vm;&Id;rSm ausmif;aevmwmyJ}}
AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifonf &if&ifwkdY qkdifwGif xkdif&if; pmqkdawmfa[majymyGJtwGuf pD
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

121

122

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

rHp&m&dSonfwkdYudk pDrHaeavonf/
uGefvkHudk vmcJhonfhrlvtpDtpOfxJwGif pmaya[majymyGJtpDtpOfrygacs/ avhvm
a&;tpDtpOfrQom jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifESifhwuG t&m&Sdrsm;? tMuyfrsm;?
wyfom;rsm;ESifhNrdKUcHvlxkonf uRefawmfwkdYudk jrifonfhtcgwGif raeEdkifawmh/ wpfntdyfrnfh
twlwl pmaya[majymyGJwpfyGJavmuf vkyfoGm;apcsifMuonf/ AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifonf
owif;axmufudkausmfoef;xGef;udkac: NrdKUudk vSnfhvnfaMunmcdkif;\/ vQyfwpfjyufpDpOf
&onfha[majymyGJaywnf;/
NrdKUxJwGif xrif;pm;aomufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkYdonf uGefvkHwHwm;awmifbuf&Sd
pcef;odkY jyefcJhMuonf/ a[majymyGJudk wyfxJwGif vkyf&efpDpOfxm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ Akdvf
rSL;BuD;atmif'ifonf wyfx&J dS t&m&S?d tMuyf? wyfom;rsm;ESit
hf rd af xmifonfrsm; a[majym
yGJudk em;axmifEkdif&ef wyfxJwGif pDpOfjcif; jzpfavonf/
]]uRefawmfwkdYtzkdY MuKHcJygw,fq&m? 'Dawmh 'Dvkdpmaya[majymyGJrsKd;udk uRefawmhft
&m&SdawG? wyfom;awGwif rubl;/ tdrfaxmifonfvkdif;u rdom;pkawGyg em;axmifapcsif
w,f/ uRefawmfwq
dYk u
D kd pma&;q&mrajymeJY pmtkyw
f Ydk r*Zif;wkaYd wmif rSerf eS af &mufwm r[kwf
bl;/ 'Dawmh olwkdYwawG em;axmifapcsifw,f/ NrdKUxJvmNyD; em;axmifcsifwJhy&dowftwGuf
awmh uRefawmf um;awG vTwfay;r,f/ NyD;awmh a[majymyGJNyD;&ifvJ um;awGeJYjyefydkYr,f}}
uGefvkHNrdKUxJrS uRefawmfwkdY jyefvmonfhtcgwGif nae 6 em&DomomavmufrQom &Sd
ao;onfhwkdif aetawmfarSmifaeavNyD/ awmifwef;awG ywfywfvnf 0dkif;aeonfhuGefvkHu
aqmif;&ufrsm;onf wjcm;a'orsm;u aqmif;&ufrsm;xuf yd
k aeYwm wkad eonf/ aexGuf
vQifvnf; awmfawmfEiS ahf evk;H udk rjrif&/ aevk;H onf awmifwef;awGukd tMumBuD;ausmfjzwf
ae&onf/ awmifwef;awGtay:odkY a&mufvmonfhtcgwGifvnf; vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwf r
vif;Ekdif/ ESif;jrLawGESifhawmifckd;awGudk xkd;azmufae&ao;onf/ qD;ESif;awGudk azmufxGuf
NyD;onfhaemufwGifvnf; pl;pl;&J&J vif;Ekdifjcif; r&Sd/ azsmhazsmhom vif;Ekdifonf/
xkH;pHtwkdif;qkdvQif nae 6 em&Dxkd;onfESifhuGefvkHwHwm;udk ydwfvkdufavonf/ odkY&m
wGif xkdaeYnrl AdkvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifonf a[majymyGJNyD;onftxd uGefvkHwHwm;udk wm0ef
,l zGifhay;vkdufonf/ NrdKUxJrSvmonfhy&dowfrsm; jyefEkdif&efjzpfavonf/ a[majymyGJudk
usif;yay;aomAkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifudk uRefawmfwkdY aus;Zl;wif&ygonf/
AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifonf wHwm;*dwfwGif wm0efusonfhuif;rsm;tm; rSmp&m&Sdonf
oD[&wempmay

wku
Yd kd rSmNyD;aemuf um;ukd armif;xGurf nfjyKpOf uif;wJxrJ S uif;wm0efrusao;aom &Jabmf
wpfa,mufu um;em;odkY wzkwfzkwfESifhajy;vmavonf/ ajy;vm&if;vnf; uRefawmfhemrnf
udk atmfac:avonf/ AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifu um;udk &yfay;vkdufpOf
]]q&mjroef;wifh ygovm;? q&mjroef;wifh}}[kar;onf/
]]ygw,f uRefawmfyJ}}
&Jabmfonf vufESpfzufESifhuRefawmfhvufudk vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ qGJ,rf;um
]]aemifrSm ]"m;awmif}vkd 0wKrsKd;awG a&;Ekdifygap? ]oHacsmif;}vkdZmwfvkdufrsKd;udk zef
wD;Ekdifygap}}[kajymNyD;aemuf uRefawmfhudk tav;jyKojzifh uRefawmfuvnf; olwdkYudk jyef
tav;jyKvkduf&onf/
AkdvfrSL;BuD;atmif'ifu &Jabmfav;udk auseyfpGm Munfhvkduf&if;u
]]&Jabmfav;awGu pm odyfzwfwm q&m? olwkdYcrsmrSm 'gyJ tysif;ajzp&m&Sdwm}}[k
u&kPmoufpGm ajymygonf/
xkdnu a[majymyGJudk wyfpcef;xJ&Sd cef;raqmifxJwGif usif;y&m cef;vkH;jynfhrQ wuf
a&mufMuonf/ wyfxJu t&m&Sd? tMuyf? wyfom;rsm;tjyif tdrfaxmifonfrdom;pkrsm;
vnf; wufMuonf/ Akv
d rf LS ;BuD;atmif'if\pDpOfcsuft& uGev
f NHk rdKUxJrS y&dowfuv
kd nf; um;
BuD;rsm;jzihf toGm;tjyef ydaYk y;avonf/ &moDOwktvGeaf t;onfw
h idk f y&dowfrmS a[majym
yGNJ yD;onftxd em;axmifMuavonf/ uRefawmfwYdk a[majymyGo
J nf oef;acgifausmfrS NyD;awmh
onf/
reufyikd ;f wGif AsL[mrSL;Akv
d rf LS ;BuD;atmif'ifEiS w
hf yf&if;rSL;wku
Yd reufpmtjzpf &efuek f
rkefY[if;cg;csuf auR;avonf/ &efukefrkefY[if;cg;qkdonfrSm ig;cl? ig;usnf;ponfwkdYESifh
[if;&nfcsufxm;aomrkefY[if;cg;jzpfygonf/ &Srf;jynfe,f rajymESifh/ tnma&mufvQifyif
&efukefrkefY[if;cg;udk rpm;&awmh/ tnmrSm ig;cl? ig;usnf;&Sm;onfhtwGuf rkefY[if;cg;vuf
okyfudkom pm;Mu&onf/ 0ufom;vkH;? 0uftlacsmif;ponfwkdYudk ajcxnhfNyD; yJrIefY? qDcsuf? eH
eHyifponfwjYdk zifh oky
f pm;Mu&jcif;jzpf\/ &Sr;f jynfe,fum; awmifay:a'ojzpfonft
h wGuf
ig;rnfrQ&Sm;onfukd txl;ajymp&m rvkad wmhyg/ od&Yk mwGif Akv
d rf LS ;BuD;atmif'ifEiS w
hf yf&if;rSL;
wkdYonf oHvGifjrpfxJu &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;&vmaom ig;clESifhig;usnf;wkdYudkom t0,fckdif;um uRef
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

123

124

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

awmfwt
Ydk wGuf &efuek rf ek [
Yf if;cg; csufauR;vku
d af vonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fc&D;wGif &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;
pm;cJh&onfhrkefY[if;cg; jzpfyg\/
&efukefrkefY[if;cg;ESifhwyfxJrS wkdufonfhvufzuf&nfususudk aomufNyD;aemuf uRef
awmfwo
Ydk nf [kyd efoYdk c&D;qufcMhJ uavonf/ uRefawmfwYdk um;wpfp;D wnf; xGuv
f mcJMh ujcif;
jzpf\/ uGefvkHrS xGufuwnf;u erfhwif;acsmif;ab; uyfazmufxm;onfhum;vrf;twkdif;
ajrmufbufodkY qefwufcJhMujcif; jzpfonf/ erfhwif;acsmif;csKdif0Srf;um; pkdufcif;? ysKd;cif;awG
jzifh pdrf;pkdvsuf&Sd\/ awmifukef;rsm;rSm odyfrjrifhbJ cyfedrfhedrfhomjzpfonfhtwGuf awmBuD;
awmifBuD;awG odyfr&SdvSyg/ vrf;ab;wGif rJZvDyiftkyfrsm;udkom rMumcP awGY&onf/
]q&m Munfhprf;? b,favmufvSovJ? erfhwif;acsmif;[m vSypGm pD;qif;xm;w,f}[k
uRefawmfwkdYESifhtwlygvmonfhucsiftrsKd;om; ausmfNidrf;u ajymojzifh uRefawmfwkdYrSm &,f
&ao;\/ trSeftm;jzifh ausmfNidrf;onf Armpum;udk a&vnfpGm ajymwwfoljzpfygonf/ odkY
&mwGif pma&;q&mESifhawGY "mwful;oGm;jcif;aMumifhavm? odkYwnf;r[kwf oludk,fwkdifuyif
uAsmqefomG ;aomaMumifah vm rajymwwfyg/ olyY g;pyfu xGuv
f monft
h cgwGif pmqefaom
Armpum; jzpfaeavonf/ xkdYaMumifh uRefawmfwkdY &,fMujcif;jzpf\/
ausmfNidrf; uAsmqefrnfqkdvQif qefavmufygonf/ uRefawmfwdkYum;onf erfhwif;
acsmif;ab;u ukef;ajrmifuav;twkdif; oGm;aeNyD; erfhwif;acsmif;u atmufwGif vSypGm
pD;qif;aeygonf/ erfhwif;acsmif;onf vGifjyifBuD;wpfavQmufwGif pD;qif;vmcJhjcif;jzpf&m
acsmif;nmudak omfvnf;aumif;? acsmif;atmufuadk omfvnf;aumif; wpfarQmfwpfac:BuD;jrif
ae&onf/ erfhwif;acsmif;um; uRefawmfwkdY awGYcJh&onfherwljrpfESifhvnf;rwl/ oHvGifjrpfESifh
vnf; rwlacs/ erwljrpfESifhoHvGifjrpfwkdYu urf;yg;awG rwfapmufNyD; a&pD;oefonf/ t&Sdef
jzifh pD;vmNyD;aemuf awmBuD;awmifBuD;awGxJodkY ikyfvQKd;aysmufuG,foGm;onf/ awmawG
awmifawGMum;wGif csufcsif;aysmufomG ;NyD; awmfawGawmifawGMum;rSm csufcsif;jyefay:vm
wwfonf/ erfw
h if;acsmif;u xko
d rYkd [kw/f jrifuiG ;f us,f&yk &f iS u
f m;BuD;wpfcu
k kd Munhaf e&ovkd
tnmudkvnf; jrif&onf/ taMuudkvnf; jrif&avonf/ erfhwif;acsmif;wpfzufwpfcsuf
vGifjyifwGifvnf; pdrf;pkdaompkdufcif;wkdY jynfhaeonf/
auGYaumufaeonfherfhwif;acsmif;urf;yg;twkdif; azmufxm;onfharmfawmfum;vrf;
rSm q,fhESpf&moDvrf;jzpfonfhwkdif uw&mvrf;r[kwfbJ ausmufvrf;jzpfavonf/ wpfem&D
ausmfausmf? ESpfem&DeD;yg; armif;rdonfhtcgwGif ul;wkdYqdyfodkYa&mufavonf/ erfhwif;acsmif;
udk jzwful;onfhul;wkdYqdyfjzpf\/
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

125

]]q&meJYawGYcsifvkdY AkdvfBuD;ausmfcif apmifhaeao;w,f/ a&SUudk uif;xGuf&rSmrkdY EIwf


qufoGm;w,fvkdYajymoGm;ygw,f/ tjyefus&if ul;wkdYqdyfrSm&Sdygvdrfhr,f}}[kajymavonf/
uRefawmfonf AkdvfBuD;ausmfcifqkdonfhtrnfukd pOf;pm;\/pOf;pm; r&/
]]uRefawmfeJYodowJhvm;}}
]]odw,f ajymygw,f/ q&mhxuf q&mhnDawG? nDrawGudk ykdodw,fvkdYajymygw,f/
q&meJYwpf&yfwnf;om;wJh/ NrdKifu AkdvfrSL;buD;ausmf&if&JUnD}}
xkt
d cgusrS uRefawmftrSw&f awmhonf/ Akv
d Bf uD;ausmfcifudk uRefawmfaumif;aumif;
rjrifzl;yg/ okdY&mwGif olYtpfudk AkdvfrSL;BuD;ausmf&ifudkrl uRefawmf aumif;aumif;rSwfrdav
onf/ uRefawmfESifhwpfNrdKUwnf;om;jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif i,fi,fuwnf;u uGJoGm;MuNyD; BuD;rS
wpfcgrQ rjrifz;l awmh/ wpfEpS u
f armfvNrdKifoaYkd &mufpOf ta&SUawmifwidk ;f ppfXmecsKyfwiG f ol
&Sdonf[k Mum;&onf/ odkY&mwGif olESifhrawGYcJh/ e,fxGufoGm;onf[k od&avonf/ AkdvfBuD;
ausmfcifrmS &efuek w
f uov
dk f avhusifah &;wyfwiG &f o
dS nf[k uRefawmf aemufq;Hk Mum;&NyD; ,ck
a&SUwef;wGif jyefawGY&jcif; jzpfavonf/
erfhwif;acsmif;ukd jzwful;onfhul;wkdYrSm avSESpfpD;udk wGJxm;NyD; urf;ESpfzufudk oHrPd
BudK;jzifh pufoD;qGJqkdif;um a&pD;jzifh arQmul;onfhazmiful;wkdYjzpf\/ erfhqefoGm;wkef;u av
vkteD;wGif uRefawmfwkdYul;cJh&onfhul;wkdYrsKd;jzpfavonf/
erfhwif;acsmif;wpfzufodkYa&mufonfESifh uRefawmfwkdYonf 0e,fxJodkY 0ifcJhMuavNyD/
pdu
k cf if;awG? jAKwfawmuav;awGukd jzwfNyD;aemuf twefMumvQif ajraus;&Si;f O,smOf? aq;
&kH? &Jpcef;wkdYudk awGY&avonf/ [kdyefNrdKUt0if jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwadYk &mufonf&h ufrmS [dyk efaps;aeYjzpfojzifh [dyk efNrdKUonf pnfum;aeonf/
aps;ruGJrD aps;udk trDMunfh&eftwGuf uRefawmfwkdYonf aps;odkY wef; vmcJhMuonf/ [dkyef
aps;um; wu,fvrl sKd;pkaH omaps;jzpfyg\/ a'oxGuyf pn;f rsm;ESiw
hf &kwyf pn;f awG vTr;f ae
aom aps;vnf;jzpfavonf/ a'oxGujf zpfonfah q;jrpf? t&uf? vG,t
f w
d ?f rQpfajcmuf? [if;
oD;[if;&Gupf onfwYdk aygvS\/ uRefawmfwo
Ydk abmtusqk;H um; vG,t
f w
d q
f idk f jzpfavonf/
&efukefwGif 50? 60 ay;&onfh]0}vG,ftdwfrsm;rSm trsm;qkH;ay;&rS wpfvkH;rS tpdwfokH;q,f
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

ul;wkdYqdyfodkYta&mufwGif &Jabmfav;wpfa,muf uRefawmfhemrnfukd ar;um

126

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

om&Sdavonf/ a<uyef;uef? w&kwfb,aq;ESifhw&kwftaemufwkdif;aq;? w&kwft0wft


xnfrsm;uvnf; aygvS\/ uRefawmfum; a'gufwmMunfpdk;\axmufcHcsuft& ADwmrifpD
aq;jym;cyfrsm;rsm; 0,fvkdufavonf/ aps;vnf;ayg tmedoifvnf; xufvSonf[kajym
ygonf/
uRefawmfonf aexkid rf aumif;onft
h csderf t
S y useftcsderf sm;wGif tm;aq;wk?Yd ADwm
rifwpYdk m;cJvyS gonf/ od&Yk mwGif EkAd ,fq&k tar&duef"mwkaA'ynm&Siaf 'gufwmvkid ;f eyfpaf yg
vif;\]ADwmrifpED iS t
hf at;rda&m*g}qko
d nfph mtkyu
f kd zwfNyD;onfah emufwiG f olt
Y nTe;f twkid ;f
tat;rdawmhrnfxifvQif ADwmrifpu
D kd rsm;rsm;pm;onft
h usifu
h kd &cJyh gonf/ ADwmrifpaD q;
jym; tvG,fwul r&EkdifvQif a&SmufoD;? ysm;&nfESifha&aEG;wkdYudk azsmfum a[mhvkdif;tjzpf
rsm;rsm;aomufvkdufygonf/ tjcm;olrsm;twGuf rodaomfvnf; uRefawmfhtwGufrlum;
ADwmrifpDonf tat;rdjcif;udk umuG,f&mwGif awmfawmfxda&mufonfudk awGY&yg\/ q&m
0efrsm;ukd ar;MunfhonfhtcgwGif olwkdYuvnf; axmufcHMuygonf/ a'gufwmvkdif;eyfpfayg
vif;\pmtkyfxGufNyD;onfhaemufwGif tat;rdjcif;twGuf ol\ADwmrifpDukxkH;onf urm
wGif acwfpm;vmcJhonf[k wpfae&mwGif uRefawmf zwf&zl;avonf/
wpfae&mwGif jcif;ao;ao;uav;rsm;udk awGYojzifh ar;Munfh&m 0ufuav;rsm;jzpf
onfudk awGY&av\/ 0ufaumifaygufuav;rsm;ukd ukd,fvkH;ESifhwef&kH&Sdonfhjcif;awmif;u
av;rsm;xJwGif xnfh a&mif;aejcif;jzpfavonf/
aps;onfrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh w&kw?f 0? &Sr;f ESiu
hf ;dk uefw
Y &kwrf sm;jzpfMuNyD; aps;0,f
rsm;rSm vlrsKd;pkHjzpfavonf/ tcsKdUvlrsKd;pkrsm;rSm bmvlrsKd;pkrSef;yif uRefawmfwkdYrodacs/ ol
wkaYd jymonfph um;oHuvnf; wpfrsKd;jzpfaeojzifh ar;Munf&h m ajrmifZ;D ESi0hf vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfonf
[k od&avonf/ olwkdY&kyfESifhukd,fvkH;ukd,faygufrSm &Srf;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? w&kwfESifhaomf
vnf;aumif; rwlbJ txufjrefrmEkdifiH a&Tbkd? rkH&Gm? yckuLbufrS tnmom;jrefrmBuD;rsm;
ESifhwlaeavonf/ tom;ta&uvnf; tnmom; tom;ta&vkd cyfndKndKjzpfavonf/
bmomaA'q&mrsm;ESirhf EkaA'q&mwku
Yd ajrmifZ;D ESi]hf 0}udk rGecf rmtkypf 0k ifjzpfonf[q
k dk
xm;aomfvnf; olwkdY&kyf&nfrSm wdbufjrefrmtkyfpk0ifESifhykdwlaeonfudk awGY&avonf/
aps;rStjyefwGif uRefawmfwkdYonf ]0}trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh"mwfykH t&kdufcHMuonf/ aps;
wGif awmolawmifom;]0}trsKd;orD;rsm;ESi"hf mwfyt
Hk &ku
d cf NH yD;aemuf acwfynmwwf]0}trsKd;
orD;rsm;ESiw
hf pfzef "mwfy&Hk u
dk Mf ujcif;jzpf\/ a&S;usaom]0}trsKd;orD;ESiahf cwfynmwwf]0}
trsKd;orD;wkdY uGmjcm;ykHudk odvkdjzpfonf/ acwfynmwwf]0}trsKd;orD;rsm;um; jrefrmESifh
bmrQrjcm;awmhyg/ ]0}trsKd;orD;wkdYonf 0wfonfhtusqif? vkHcsnfqifrSvGJvQif qHyifwkdY
oD[&wempmay

qif,ifxkH;zGJYrIwkdYonf &efukefjrefrmtrsKd;orD;awGESifhtwlwlyif jzpfygonf/ [dkyefwGif &ef


ukefwuokdvfESifhrEav;wuodkvfwkdYrSxGufvmaom bGJY&]0}trsKd;orD;rsm;udk awGYcJh&av
onf/
xkdYaemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf aps;teD;&Sd w&kwfqkdifwpfqkdifwGif reufpm pm;Muygonf/
ukd;uefYw&kwftrsKd;om;wpfa,mufESifhawGY olYxH ukd;uefYe,forkdif;udk ar;Munfh&onf/ udk;
uefYe,fodkYum; oGm;csdefr&ojzifh roGm;cJh&awmhyg/
ud;k uef[
Y al omtrnf ]uk;d }qko
d nfrmS ]pdr;f vef;aoma'o}? ]uef}Y qko
d nfrmS ]&J&ifah om
olrsm;}? ukd;uefYqkdvQif ]&J&ifhaomolrsm;aexkdif&mpdrf;vef;aoma'o}[k t"dyg,fxGufonf
qk\
d / wpfenf;ajymEkid af o;onfrmS ]aumufuef} aumuf=uk;d ? uef=tkycf sKyfjcif;? tkycf sKyfol
tBuD;tuJ/ aumufuef=]ukd;OD;tkyfcsKyfaome,fajr}[kvnf; t"dyg,f&onfqkd\/
uRefawmfwkdYonf xrif;pm;aomufNyD;aemuf [dkyefNrdKUtjyifbuf&Sd wyfpcef;odkYoGm;
MunfhMuonf/ wyfpcef;rSm ukef;uav;wpfukef;ay:wGif wnf&Sdavonf/ wyfpcef;&Sd &Jabmf
rsm;u uRefawmfwkYdudk t"duxm; awmif;qkdonfht&mrSm pmtkyfjzpfavonf/ uRefawmf
wkdYonf ygvmonfhpmtkyfuav;rsm;udk olwkdYudk ay;cJhMu\/ tcsKdUrSm uRefawmfwkdYa&mufrnf
[kMum;ojzifh awmifav;ig;vkH;udk ausmfum vm pmtkyfawmif;Mujcif;jzpfonf/
]]uRefawmfwrYdk mS pmiwfw,fq&m? wpftyk w
f pfavrsm;&&if 'Dpmtkyu
f ykd J xyfcgwvJvJ
zwfMuwm/ wcsKdUpmtkyfqkd&if wpftkyfvkH;avmufeD;eD;awmif tvGwf&aeMuNyD}}[k olwkdYu
ajymjyvkdufMuonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf olwkdYudk EIwfqufum uGefvkHodkY jyefcJhMuonf/ erfhwif;acsmif;ul;wkdY
qdyfodkY a&muonfhtcgwGif uRefawmfhukd awGYcsifojzifh apmifhaernfqkdaomAkdvfBuD;ausmfcif
rSmvnf; jyefra&mufao;ojzifh olEiS rhf awGcY &hJ awmhacs/ ul;wkq
Yd yd w
f iG f uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd vmBudK
onfhwyfcGJrS AkdvfBuD;rSm w[D;[D;wkefum iSufzsm;wufaeonfudk awGY&ojzifh uRefawmfwkYd
pdwrf aumif;jzpf&ao;onf/ a'gufwmMunfp;kd u tzsm;wkid ;f Munfo
h nft
h cgwGif tylcsdef 104
ausmfaeonf[k awG&Y avonf/ aq;wpfv;Hk xk;d ay;um a&SUu um;jzifh uGev
f o
Hk Ykd tjrefyv
Ydk u
dk f
&onf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf [kyd efrS uGev
f o
Hk Ykd cyfow
k o
f w
k f armif;cJMh uonf/ uGev
f w
Hk iG f uRefawmf
wkdY rem;Ekdifawmh/ uGefvkHNrdKUv,fu vufzuf&nfqkdifwGif uRefawmfwkdYudk EIwfquf&ef apmifh
BudKaeolrsm;tm; uref;uwef; EIwfquf? olwkdYwkdufonfh vufzuf&nfudk cyfokwfokwf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

127

128

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

aomufNyD; vm;&I;d odjYk yefcMhJ uonf/ tvmwke;f uuJo


h yYkd if vm;&I;d odYk tjyefwiG v
f nf; uRefawmf
wkdYum;wpfpif;wnf;om jzpfygonf/
ukd,fhtdrfudk jyef&ovkd jzpfaeavNyD/ onfc&D;wGif odEDudk tacgufacguftcgcg uRef
awmfwkdY jzwfcJhMuNyD r[kwfavm/ toGm;tjyefyg xnfhwGufvQif odEDudk uRefawmfwkdY jzwf&
onfhtBudrfaygif;rSm ajcmufacguf&SdaeavNyD/
odEDNrdKUu xGufvQif arSmifpysKd;aeavNyD/ uRefawmfwkdYonf xkH;pHtwkdif; tJaEG;wkdY?
eef;vkcH rf;wkq
Yd idk w
f iG f pwnf;cs a&ylcsKd; xrif;pm;MuNyD;aemufrS vm;&I;d NrdKUwGi;f odYk 0ifcahJ v
onf/
vm;&Id;atwD*dwfonf uRefawmfwkYdum;udk aumif;aumif;odaeavNyD/

(22)
vm;&Id;odkY ,ckrSa&mufjcif;
xdkaeYrSm ESpfqef;wpf&ufaeY jzpfavonf/
bmvkdvkdESifh 1980 ckonf uRefawmfwkYdukd jzwfoef;oGm;avNyD/ raeYnu uGefvkHrS jyef
a&mufonfhtcgwGif awmfawmfarSmifaeavNyD/ uRefawmfwkdY\tdrfonf q&m0efBuD;uarmZ
cifviId o
f nf uRefawmfwrYdk a&mufEidk o
f jzifh [kpd pHk rf;? onfppHk rf; vkyaf eaMumif;udk aemufrS uRef
awmfwdkYod&\/ odEDudkvnf; rMumrMumvSrf;ar;\/ vm;&Id;atwD*dwfudkvnf; rMumrMum
vSr;f ar;\/ oufqidk &f mwko
Yd v
Ykd nf; olpY ma&;q&m{nfo
h nfawG ra&mufvmao;aMumif; rMum
cPowif;ykdY&\/ okdY&mwGif uRefawmfwkdYum; ol 'Davmuf tvkyfrsm;aeonfukd rodMuyg/
arSmifBuD;rnf;BuD; vrf;Murf;BuD;wGif vmcJMh u&m xkn
d u 9 em&Dx;dk awmhrS vm;&I;d odjYk yefa&muf
Muavonf/ uarmZcifviId o
f nf uRefawmfwaYdk &muf? ra&muf uRefawmfwx
Ydk H w,fvzD ek ;f jzifh
vSrf;ar;NyD; uRefawmfwkdYtoHudk Mum;&awmhrS tdyf&modkY pdwfcsvufcs 0ifEkdifawmhonf/
nu rkd;csKyfrS a&mufonfhtwGufaMumifh wpfaMumif; c&D;yef;vmonfhtwGufaMumifh
wpfaMumif; uRefawmfwkdYrSm xdkaeYnu ESpfopful;tBudKnjzpfaMumif;ukd owdyifr&vkdufMu
acs/ armarmESifhtdyfaysmfoGm;Muavonf/
oD[&wempmay

reufusrS 1981 ck? ESpfqef; 1 &ufaeYrSef; uRefawmfwkdY owdjyKrdMuonf/ rlvu xdk


&ufwiG f uRefawmfwYdk a[majymyGrJ &S/d tem;,lonft
h csdepf m&if;xJwiG f xnfx
h m;onf/ uarm
ZcifvIdifonf vm;&Id;pmqkdawmfc&D;wGif uRefawmfwkdY yifyef;onfudk odojzifh xkd&ufudk wrif
csefxm;jcif;jzpf\/ pifppf uRefawmfwkdYvnf; awmfawmfyef;MuavNyD/ xkdESpfwGif uRefawmf
onf c&D;awmfawmfrsm;rsm; oGm;cJhavonf/ Ekd0ifbmv ukefcgeD;wGif armfawmfum;jzifh yk*H?
yckuLwkdYodkY c&D;xGufcJhonf/ 'DZifbmvqef;wGif ief;pGef? ijrm? jrif;rl? rEav;? aysmfbG,f?
tkwfwGif;? jzL;NrdKUrsm;odkY pmaya[majymyGJoGm;cJhonf/ xkdrStjyefwGif a&eHacsmif;? acsmuf?
yk*H? ausmufyef;awmif;NrdKUrsm;odkY a&mufcJhonf/ xkdrStjyefwGif tdrfrJESifhausmif;ukef;NrdKUrsm;
odkYa&mufcJhonf/ Ekd0ifbmvukefuwnf;u xGufcJhonfhc&D;onf 'DZifbmv 19 &ufaeYusrS
tdrjf yefa&mufonf/ tdrjf yefa&mufNyD; aemufwpfaeY 'DZifbmv 20 &ufaeYwiG f vm;&I;d odx
Yk u
G f
cJhjcif;jzpf\/ vm;&Id;odkY xGufonfqkdaomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdYonf vm;&Id;odkY ra&mufMuao;/
erwl? abmfwGif;? oDayg? ausmufrJ? erfhqef? odED? uGwfckdifponfwkdYodkY oGm;vkdufMuao;onf/
xkrd w
S pfzef vm;&I;d ud0k ifum odE?D uGwcf idk ?f uGev
f pHk onfwo
Ydk Ykd oGm;cJMh uao;&m 1980 ckEpS u
f ek f
cgeD; uRefawmfonf wpfvvkH;vkH; vrf;ay:rSm a&mufaeavonf/
xkdYaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYwawG awmfawmfzm;aeMuavNyD/ uRefawmfwkdYtajctaeukd
odonfhuarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdYtajctaeudk odonfhtwGuf xkd&ufudk tm;vyf&uf
tjzpf wrifcsefxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
od&Yk mwGif xk&d ufwiG f uRefawmfwYdk rem;vku
d &f yg/ vm;&I;d a'oaumvdyo
f nf pmqkad wmf
a[majymyGJ vkyfcsifaeonf/ a'oaumvdyfzGifhNyD;uwnf;u pmaya[majymyGJawG bmawG
rvkyfjzpfao;/ q&m? q&mrrsm;ESifhausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;u uarmZcifvIdifudkvm
ajymaeMuonf/ uarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdYudk tm;emonfhtwGuf wwfEkdiforQjiif;
ao;aomfvnf; aemufqkH;wGif vkdufavsmvkduf&ygonf/
vm;&Id;a'oaumvdyfrSm b,fae&m b,fa'o[k uRefawmf rajymwwfyg/ NrdKUjyifwGif
&Sdonfqkdonfavmufudkom uRefawmfodygonf/ odkY&mwGif &Icif;um; yxrwef;&Icif;jzpfay
\/ a&SUwGif xif;&SL;yifawG? ,luvpfwyfyifawG tpDt&DESifh/ ausmif;cef;rsm;rSm csKdifh0Srf;xJ
wGif &Sdavonf/
atmifoif;rSm yxrqkH;a[mNyD; vm;&Id;txufwef;ausmif;aygif;pkHrS ausmif;ol
ausmif;om;rsm;udk jrefrmpm a[majymyGJvkyf&eftwGuf cyfapmapmjyefoGm;avonf/
uRefawmfu uRefawmf rajymzl;ao;onft
h aMumif;t&mopfwpfcu
k kd ajymjyavonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

129

130

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

aumvdyfausmif;odkYa&mufonfhausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;onf txufwef;ynma&;udk oif


Mum;ae&onfah usmif;om;yDyD tqift
h wef;jrifo
h nfph mayrsm;udk zwfzv
dYk v
kd maMumif;? txl;
ojzifh &opmayudk zwfzkYdvkdaMumif;udk tus,fw0ifh ajymcJhygonf/
a'oaumvdyf a[majymyGJtNyD; naeydkif;wGif uRefawmfwkdYonf vm;&Id;NrdKUudk vSnfh
MunfhMuonf/ uarmZcifvIdifum; tvkyfrsm;ojzifh oludk,fwkdif rvkdufawmhbJ aq;&kHrSm ae
&pfcJhavonf/
uRefawmfwYdk t"duxm; oGm;Muonfah e&mrsm;rSm bk&m;ykx;kd rsm; jzpfavonf/ uRef
awmfwkdYonf r,fawmfBuD;bk&m;ac: w&kwfbk&m;udk tvsifoGm; zl;Muonf/ r,fawmfBuD;
bk&m;y&d0kPfxJwGif w&kwfbkef;BuD;rsm;ESifhr,foDv&Sifrsm;udkvnf; awGY&avonf/ r,fawmf
BuD;bk&m;um; rGrf;rHjyifqifqJjzpfavonf/ odkY&mwGif tawmftwefNyD;pD;vkeD;avNyD/
r,fawmfBuD;bk&m;rSm tawmfjrifo
h nfah wmifuek ;f BuD;wpfcak y:wGif &So
d jzifh tarmwuf
,lMu&\/ r,fawmfBuD;bk&m; y&0kPfxJrSae arQmfMunfhvkdufvQif vm;&Id;NrdKUBuD;wpfNrdKUvkH;
udk pD; jrifae&avonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf r,fawmfBuD;bk&m; y&0kPt
f 0wGi&f o
dS nfw
h &kwv
f uf&m bDv;l &kyBf uD;
rsm;udk MunfhMuonf/ awmfawmfBuD;onfhbDvl;&kyfBuD;rsm;jzpf\/ xkdbDvl;&kyfBuD;rsm;teD;
wGif yef;uGufrsm;jzifhazmfxm;aom e*g;&kyfBuD;rsm;udkvnf;awGY&avonf/ vuf&mESifhaq;
a&mifjc,fxm;ykHrSm wu,fhw&kwfyef;ykvuf&mESifhw&kwfyef;csDvuf&mrsm;jzpfay\/ olYenf;
ESifhtEkynmajrmufaomfvnf; jrefrmhbDvl;avmuf rmefrygvS[k uRefawmfxifygonf/
r,fawmfBuD;bk&m;wGif udef;0yfaeonhfAk'&kyfyGm;awmfrSmvnf; w&kwfvuf&mrsm;yif
jzpfonf/ &kyfyGm;awmfrsm;tv,fwGif tvGefBuD;onfhr,fawmfrm,m\ykHawmfBuD;udk awGY&
avonf/ r,fawmfrm,m\ykaH wmfrmS vnf; w&kwv
f uf&mjzpfay\/ xkb
d &k m;ausmif;wGif t
"duvTrf;rkd;aeaom&kyfwkrSm r,fawmfrm,m\ykHawmfjzpfav&m xkdYaMumifhyifvQif r,fawmf
BuD;bk&m;[kac:onfxifyg\/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf ESpx
f yfausmif;BuD;ay:odYk wufum bke;f awmfBuD;udk zl;ajrmfMuonf/
bkef;awmfBuD;rSmvnf; oufawmftwefBuD;NyDjzpfonfhw&kwftrsKd;om; bkef;awmfBuD;jzpf\/
em;uvnf; av;? jrefrmpum;vnf; rwwfonfhtwGuf bkef;awmfBuD;ESifhtar;tavQmuf
vkyf&onfrSm rvG,fvSyg/ w&kwfOD;yOif;wpfyg;u jrefrmjyefay;onfhtwGuf uRefawmfwkdY od
vk&d mrsm;ukd ar;jref;avQmufxm;Munf&h ygonf/ q&mawmfu uRefawmfwt
Ydk m; w&kw-f jrefrm
oD[&wempmay

ESpfbmomjzifh &kdufxm;onfh wwd,wef;oif Ak'bmomoifcef;pmwpftkyfpDESifht*Fvdyfbm


omjzifh a&;xm;onfhusrf;pmtkyf wpftkyfpD vufaqmifay;vkdufygonf/ oifcef;pmrSm t
avmif;awmf zGm;awmfrcl ef;rSp awmxGub
f &k m;jzpfonftxd a&;xm;onfAh 'k 0 ifoifcef;pm
jzpfavonf/ t*Fvyd v
f adk &;xm;aompmtkyrf mS The Suttra of the Lord of Healing qko
d nfph mtkyf
jzpfavonf/
vm;&Id;wGif xif&Sm;aomtjcm;Ak'bmombkef;BuD;ausmif;wpfausmif;rSm ig;yg;oDv
ausmif;jzpfavonf/ w&kwfxkH;pHtwkdif; tkwfwHwkdif;jrifhjrifhBuD;awG? trkd;aumhBuD;awGjzifh
aqmufxm;onfhbk&m;ausmif;jzpfyg\/
uRefawmfwkdY a&mufoGm;onfhtcgwGif bk&m;ausmif;0if;xJwGif w&kwfokdif;usifhaeol
rsm;? w&kwv
f if;uGi;f jzifh aw;oDcsif;wku
d af eolrsm;udk awG&Y ojzifh pkpH rf;Munf&h m vGwv
f yfa&;
aeYwGif ujywifquf&ef usifhaejcif;jzpfonf[k od&avonf/
uRefawmfwkYdukd w&kwftrsKd;om;OyoumBuD;ESpfOD;u BudKqkd{nfhcHMuonf/ odkY&mwGif
olwkdYrSmvnf; jrefrmpum;rwwfojzifh uRefawmfwkdY tcufMuKH&jyefonf/ w&kwfuav;wpf
a,muf ajy;ac: cPMumvQif jrefrmvkd0wfqifxm;onfh touf20ausmftpdwftwGif;&Sd
w&kwf-jrefrmujym;rav;wpfa,muf vkdufvmavonf/ xdkoli,fruav;rSm rEav;wu
okdvfrS bGJY&vmonfholi,fruav;jzpfonf[k od&avonf/ xkdoli,frav;u bmomjyef
ajymojzifh uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf ig;yg;oDvbk&m;ausmif;taMumif;udk tawmftwefocd &hJ ay\/
xkdbk&m;ausmif;udk ukd;uG,fMuolrsm;rSm oufowfvGwfpm;NyD; ig;yg;oDvapmifhonfh
*kP
d ;f 0ifrsm;jzpf rDvzJ ak c: t&darw,sbk&m;avmif;(aAm"dow)udk uk;d uG,Mf u\/ *kP
d ;f 0if
rsm;xJwiG f tBuD;wef;*kP
d ;f 0ifEiS t
hf i,fwef;*kP
d ;f 0if[
l ESprf sKd;cGx
J m;NyD; tBuD;wef;*kP
d ;f 0if
rsm;rSm tdrfaxmifom;arG;jcif;udk rjyK&bJ jA[pm&Dtusifhudk usifhMuum bk&m;ausmif;wGif
tNrJwrf;aexkdifNyD; omoemtusKd;udk aqmif&GufMuonf/ ti,fwef;*kdPf;0ifrsm;rSm tdrf
axmifom;arG;jcif;trIukd jyK&aomfvnf; ig;yg;oDvudk tpOftNrJ apmifx
h ed ;f &\/ olw*Ydk P
dk ;f
0ifrsm; aeYpOfjyKvkyf&rnfh0wfrsm;rSm eHeufwpfBudrf? aeYv,fwpfBudrf? naewpfBudrf wpfaeY
vQif okH;Budrf? bk&m;0wfjyK&onf/ tBuD;wef;a&m ti,fwef;*kdPf;0ifrsm;yg tvSLcHjcif;?
qGrf;qefcHjcif; ponfwkdYudk rjyKvkyf&/ tdrfwGif;rIvkyfief;vkyfjcif;? pkdufysKd;jcif;ponform
tmZD0tvkyfukdom vkyf&NyD; xkdtvkyfrS&onfhtusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk udk,fusKd;twGuf okH;pGJ
cGifhr&Sd/ bk&m;0wfausmif;? tvSLawmfaiG? ynma&;ESifha&ab;? rD;ab;'kuonfrsm;tm;
axmufyHhjcif;ponfhudprsm;wGifom tokH;jyK&onf[k od&avonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

131

132

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

uRefawmfwkdYonf ig;yg;oDvbk&m;ausmif;rS OyoumBuD;rsm;udk EIwfqufcJhMuNyD;


aemuf trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;wnfxm;cJhonfqkdaom refqlapwDawmfudk oGm;a&mufzl;ajrmfMu
avonf/ refqlapwDawmfrSm vm;&Id;BuD;txGufwGif wnf&Sdojzifh tawmfcyfvSrf;vSrf;oGm;&
onf/
apwD&ifjyifay:odkY uRefawmfwkdYa&mufonhftcsdefwGif tawmfarSmifaeavNyD/ apwD
&ifjyifrSm tawmfuav;jrifh&m xkdapwD&ifjyifay:rS arQmfMunfhvkdufvQifvnf; vm;&Id;NrdKUBuD;
udk aumif;aumif;jrif&ygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYa&mufonfhtcsdefwGif vl&Sif;vsuf&dSojzifh bk&m;
a*gyuvlBuD;wpfOD;u uRefawmfwkdYtm; bk&m;orkdif;udk tus,fw0ifh &Sif;jyvkdufavonf/
apwDawmforkdif;pmtkyfudk ar;&m r&Sdojzifh r0,fcJh&acs/

(23)
c&D ; &S n f c sD w uf y G J
onfc&D;udk uRefawmfwkdYu c&D;&SnfcsDwufyGJ[k trnfay;vkdufMuonf/
c&D;u enf;onfhc&D;BuD; r[kwfay/ ay 5000 rS 7000 txd jrifhonfhawmifwef;BuD;
ay:wGif rkdif 200 ausmfavmufoGm;&rnfhc&D;BuD;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkYdc&D;onf vm;&Id;rS rl
q,ftxd rkdif 110? rlq,frS erfhcrf;odkY topfazmufxm;onfhr[mAsL[mvrf;rBuD;twkdif;
rkid f 100 eD;yg;c&D;jzpf\/ rlvwke;f u uRefawmfwcYdk &D;onf Zefe0g&Dv 1 &ufaeY vm;&I;d NyD;vQif
&efuek o
f jYkd yef&ef jzpfavonf/ od&Yk mwGif q&m0efBuD;uarmZcifvidI o
f nf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd rlq,f
ESifherfhcrf;odkY ydkYcsifaeonf/ tqifoihfoGm;onfrSm uRefawmfwkdYoGm;&eftwGuf txl;tpDt
pOfvkyfp&mrvkdbJ rlq,fESifherfhcrf;odkY txl;uktzGJYESifhvkdufoGm;&kHom &Sdavonf/
uRefawmfww
Ydk iG f xk&d ufrsm; &efuek rf mS vkypf &mtvkyaf wG usef&pfcMhJ uonf/ od&Yk mwGif
xkdc&D;udk uRefawmfwkdY oGm;csifaeMuygonf/ ,ckoGm;zdkY tcGihfta&;ay:vmonfhtcgwGif xkd
tcGifhta&;udk vufrvTwfcsifMuyg/ xkdYjyif uRefawmf\tusifhrSm c&D;xGufrdNyDqkdvQif vGwf
vGwfuRwfuRwfoGm;vkdufcsifonf/ xkdYaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYonf &efukefwGif usefcJhonfhtvkyf
rsm;udk ukd,fhbmomukd,f a&TUqkdif;xm;MuNyD; rlq,fESifherfhcrf;odkY xGufvmcJhMuonf/
uRefawmfwkdYc&D;wGif orm;awmfBuD;rsm;ESifhq&m0efBuD;rsm;? trsKd;orD;q&m0efrsm;?
olemjyKq&mrrsm;? aq;&kH0efxrf;rsm;? tjcm;Xmersm;rS 0efxrf;rsm;? {nfhonfrsm;pojzifh
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

133

uarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf um;av;wpfpif;udk owfowfpDpOfay;NyD;


vQif olEiS o
hf rm;awmfBuD;rsm;? q&m0efBuD;rsm;? trsKd;orD;q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm;u *sDtif
pDum;BuD;jzifh vku
d v
f mcJah vonf/ wkid ;f aq;&kt
H yk Bf uD;jzpfonfu
h armZcifvidI o
f nf wpfEpS v
f Qif
tenf;qkH; wpfcgqkdovkd ajrmufydkfif;rlq,f-erfhcrf;ponfha'orsm;odkY txl;uktzGJYrsm; vTwf
avh&Sd&m ,ckvnf; uRefawmfwkdYa&mufaepOfwGif txl;uktzGJYxGufrnfjzpfojzifh pmqkdawmfyGJ
awGygvkyf&ef uRefawmfwkdYudk zdwfac:jcif;jzpfavonf/
vm;&Id;rS uGwfckdifc&D;udkum; uRefawmfwpfacgufa&mufNyD;jzpfojzifh topftqef; r
[kwfawmhyg/ odkY&mwGif xkdvrf;u &Icif;um; a&mufwkdif; Munfh r0Ekdifonfh&Icif;jzpfygonf/
odEDrSxGuf awmifwef;rsm;ay:odkYwufonfESifh odEDcsKdifh0Srf;udk Munfh&onfh&Icif;onf uRef
awmfawGYzl;oavmuf b,f&Icif;ESifhrS rwlatmif vSonfh&Icif;jzpfygonf/ xkd&Icif;onf b,f
EScgMunfhMunfh b,ftcsdefMunfhMunfh &kd;rnfh&Icif; r[kwf[kyif uRefawmfxifygonf/
uRefawmfwkdY um;wef;BuD;udk Munfh&onfuyif vSaeonf/ wcsKdUum;awG awmifurf;
yg;,HwiG f auGyY wfwufaeMuonf/ tcsKdUum;rsm;u awmifxyd rf &S yf apmifah eMuonf/ um;
wpfpif;wufvm tem;odaYk &mufvmvQif 0dik ;f atmfMu? aemufMu ajymifMuESiw
hf u,fah ysmf
p&mBuD;jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfum; 0wKa&;olyDyD vlawGudkMunfhwkdif; 0wKZmwfaumiftjzpf
a&;&ef 0wKa&;q&m\rsufpdjzifhom Munhfaeavonf/
uRefawmf oabmtusqkH;um; uarmZcifvIdifwkdYpD;vmonfh*sDtifpDum;BuD;rS um;
'&kdifbmpkdif;atmifqmESifholYum;BuD; jzpfavonf/
pkid ;f atmifqmrSm touftpdwaf usmfausmf vl&,
G w
f pfa,muf jzpf\/ qHyifu ukyaf y:
odkY0Jusaeonf/ ESmwHay:? rsufckH;aumif;aomfvnf; rsufvkH;rsm;u cyfarS;arS;&Sdonf/ olY
rsufv;Hk rsm;u ydik ;f jzwfru
I kd azmfjyaeMuonf/ rsufEmS u tpOfjyKH;csKdaeonf/ pum;ajymawmh
vnf; ryGifhwyGifh/ pD;u&ufudk tNrJcJaeonf/ ol 0wfxm;onfht0wftpm;rSm qHyif&Snfay:
wGif a*guf&kdufonfhOD;xkyfta[mif;uav;wpfvkH;udk wif&kHuav; wifxm;NyD; *sif;abmif;
bD? *sif;*sufuwfwu
Ydk kd 0wfxm;onf/ ajcwGif a0ghuif;&SL;pD;xm;NyD; vufukd om;a&vuftw
d f
BuD;pGyfxm;onf/ olY*sDtifpDum;BuD;xJwGifvnf;aumif;? um;acgifrkd;ay:wGifvnf;aumif;?
vlawGtrsm;BuD; ygvmMuonf/ xkrd Qru olu
Y m;ay:wGif vufaxmuf,mOfarmif;wpfa,muf
qDx;dk qDjznho
f w
l pfa,muf? py,f,mwpfa,muf? usrf;wk;H wkYd bmwku
Yd cdk &k mwGif uln&D ef py,f
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vkdufygvmMu&m vltm;vkH;aygif; 87 a,mufESifESif&SdNyD; um;BuD; 4 pD;? um;av; 7 pD;tjynfh


jzpfavonf/

134

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

,m\vufaxmufwpfa,mufwyYdk gvmao;&m ol,


Y mOfarmif;tzGo
YJ nf bk;d tif; 474 *sufav
,mOfBuD;wpfpif;rS tzGJYeD;yg;avmuf &Sdonf/ pD;u&ufudk cJ um;wHcg;udkzGifhNyD; pwD,m&if
wGif udkifum vuftdwfpGyfxm;aomvufjzifh vufudkifbD;udk udkifvkdufykHuvnf; pwkdifvfygvS
onf/ av,mOfpD;c&D;onfonf ,mOfarmif;\Oy"d&kyfESifholYudk,fol pdwfcs,kHMunfonfh[ef
udk Munfh av,mOfudk pdwfcsvufcs pD;&JMuouJhodkY ,ck c&D;Murf;wGifvnf; pdkif;atmifqm
\&kyf&nf? [eftrlt&monf ,mOfpD;olwkdY pdwfcsvufcs pD;Ekdifaom Oy"d&kyfrsKd;jzpfygonf/
wpfae&mwGif uRefawmfwkdY um;ysufojzifh pdkif;atmifqm\um;BuD;udk wufvkdufcJh&m uRef
awmfwx
Ydk ifonft
h wkid ;f pkid ;f atmifqmonf awmifay:c&D;Murf;BuD;wpfavQmufv;Hk wGif pum;
wajymajym oDcsif;av; wat;at;jzifh *sDtifpDarmfawmfum;BuD;udk at;at;oufom
armif;vmonfudk awGYcJh&avonf/
uGwfckdifodkY a&mufonfhtcgwGif reuf 9 em&Dxkd;avNyD/ odkYwkdifatmif aea&mifonf
pl;pl;&J&J xGef;vif;Edkifjcif; r&Sday/ azsmhawmhpGmom vif;aeEkdif&Smonf/
uGwfckdifwGif uRefawmfwkdYtzGJY em;Mu\/ txlukorm;awmfBuD;rsm;u vlemrsm;ukd ppf
aq;Munf&h MI u\/ uarmZcifvidI af cgif;aqmifonft
h xl;uktzGw
YJ iG f orm;awmfBuD;a'gufwm
ode;f [ef? t&k;d ukq&m0efBuD;a'gufwmatmifoef;? rsufpt
d xl;uka'gufwmausmfO;D ? uav;
txl;uka'gufwm0if;jrihf? em;? ESmacgif;ESifhvnfacsmif;txl;uka'gufwmcifaX;? pdwfa&m*g
txl;uka'gufwmaZmfxGef;? NrdKUe,fusef;rma&;t&m&Sda'gufwmpdkif;qrfxGef;? oGm;bufqkdif
&mq&m0efa'gufwmapm&efEidk ?f a'gufwmjrifph ;dk ? a'gufwmapmwifoed ;f ? "mwfreS b
f ufqidk &f m
q&m0efa'gufwma':cifpef;wif?h vufaxmufq&m0efa'gufwmMunfp;kd ? a'gufwma':Munf
at;aqG? a'gufwma':axG;Munf? a'gufwma':ESif;at;ckdif? tvkyfoifq&m0efa'gufwm
aZmfvm? a'gufwma':wifwifjrifh? a'gufwmoef;&DESifha'gufwma':csKdEG,fcrf;wkdYjzpf&m pkpk
aygif; q&m0efcsnf; ta,muf 20 ygNyD; tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;&Sd olemjyKq&mraygif; 17 a,muf
ygavonf/ uGwfckdifNrdKUe,frS vlBuD;rsm;onf txl;uktzGJYa&mufrnfhtaMumif;udk BudKwif
aMunmxm;&m jyovkdolrsm;udk zdwfac:xm;avonf/ uRefawmfwkdYa&mufoGm;onfhtcgwGif
q&m0efjyrnfhvlemawG jynfhaeavNyD/
uGwfckdife,fajrwGif tjzpfrsm;aoma&m*grsm;rSm iSufzsm;a&m*g? vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g
ESifh0rf;udkufa&m*grsm;jzpfonf[k od&avonf/ tmoH? csif;awmifwef;ESifhem*awmifwef;?
ajrmufydkif;&Srf;jynfe,fESifhw&kwfjynfawmifydkif;,leefjynfe,fwkdYonf urmwGif tqkd;&Gm;qkH;
aomiSufzsm;a&m*gjzpfyGm;&ma'orsm;jzpfonf[k ppfNyD;pu xkwfa0cJhonfh]a&mhu,fzJvm;
azmifa';&Sif;}iSufzsm;a&m*gaumfr&Sif\tpD&ifcHpmwpfckxJwGif uRefawmfawGYzl;avonf/
tjrifhay 1500 rS 3000 txd jrifhonfhcsKdifh0Srf;rsm;wGif jzpfyGm;onfhiSufzsm;a&m*grsKd;wGif
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

135

orm;awmfBuD;rsm;? q&m0efBuD;rsm;onf vlemrsm;udk "mwfreS &f u


dk o
f ifo
h w
l u
Ydk kd "mwfreS f
&ku
d Nf yD; aq;ay;oifo
h u
l kd aq;ay;Mu\/ tcsKdUudrk l vm;&I;d aq;&kBH uD;odYk vmwuf&ef nTeMf um;
cJhMu\/
cPtwGi;f ppfaq;Mu&jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; NrdKUe,fvx
l t
k zku
Yd m; rsm;pGmtusKd;xl;onf
udk awGY&ay\/
orm;awmfBuD;rsm;ESifhq&m0efBuD;rsm;u tvkyfrsm;aepOf uRefawmfwkdYum; uGwfckdif
e,fajr\pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? pdkufysKd;a&;? usef;rma&;ponfwkdYudk ar;jref;pkHprf;Muonf/
uGwfckdifrS ygwD,lepfOu|rSm a':eef;,GefjzpfNyD; aumifpDOu|rSm OD;tif'ifvjzpfav
onf/ olwEYdk pS af ,mufpvk;H ucsiftrsKd;orD;ESit
hf rsKd;om;rsm;jzpfMuNyD; vlvwfyidk ;f t&G,rf mS
yif &SdMuao;\/ olwkdYu pma&;q&mawG olwkdYe,fajrudkvmNyD; olwkdYe,fajru vlxkawGt
aMumif; a&;apcsifMuonf/
uRefawmfwkdYu vmEkdifatmif BudK;pm;ygrnf[k uwday;Mu\/ odkY&mwGif uwdomay;
&aomfvnf; &uf&Snfvrsm; oGm;a&mufaezkdYqkdonfrSm rvG,fvSyg/
q&m0eftzGJYrsm; aq;ukNyD;onfESifhuRefawmfwkdY um;wef;BuD;onf rlq,fodkYxGufvm
cJhavonf/
onfc&D;rSm &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;c&D;wGif uRefawmfwkdY yxrqkH;a&mufzl;onfhvrf;
jzpfay\/

oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

97 &mckid Ef eI ;f onf &ufjcm;&ufjcm; tjyif;zsm;NyD; 2 &mcdik Ef eI ;f cGrJ mS aeYpOf tjyif;zsm;wwfonf


[k xkdtpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm;avonf/

136

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(24)
rlq,fvm;? rlp,fvm;
&Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f uRefawmfwYdk awG&Y onft
h cuftcJrmS vlemrnf? NrdKUemrnfrsm;jzpfav
onf/ vlemrnfum; wpfOD;csif;udpjzpf rSm;oGm;vQif oufqkdif&m um,uH&Sifukd awmif;yef
vku
d &f jHk zifh udpN yD;Ekid af omfvnf; NrdKUtrnfrsm;um; rSm;oGm;vQif jyif&cufavonf/ uRefawmf
wkdYonf ]uGrf;vkH}[kvnf;ac:Mu\/ tcsKdUuvnf; ]uGefvkH}[kvnf;ac:Mu\/ &Srf;oHudk jref
rmem;jzifh Mum;NyD; jrefrmtmawGYovkd ac:vkdufjcif;vnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ odkYr[kwfvQifvnf;
&Sr;f oHukd t*Fvyd ef m;ESiMhf um;NyD; t*Fvyd v
f adk ygif;cJo
h nfukd jrefrmtoHxu
G jf zifh zwfjcif;vnf;
jzpfEkdifygonf/ ,ckvnf; vmjyefNyD/ ]rlp,f}/
jrefrmtrsm;pku ]rlq,f}[kac:Muonf/ t*Fvdyfu Muse [kpmvkH;aygif;onf/ NrdKUt
0ifwiG f a&;xm;onfw
h &m;0ifqidk ;f bkww
f iG rf l ]rlp,f}[ka&;xm;onfukd awG&Y avonf/ tcsKdU
aomajrykHrsm;wGif ]rlq,f}[ka&;onfhajrykHu a&;NyD; ]rlp,f}[ka&;onfhajrykHu a&;Muonf/
uGwfckdifwGif txl;uktzGJY\udp0dpwkdYNyD;onfESifhuRefawmfwkdYum;wef;BuD;onf rlp,f
odYk xGuv
f mcJah vonf/ uGwcf idk Ef iS rhf pl ,frmS 62 rkid af 0;NyD; emrnfausmf jrefrmhvrf;rBuD;(w&kwf
-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;)\tpdwftydkif; jzpfavonf/ qkdif&mwkdYonf vrf;udk wwfEkdifoavmuf
aumif;rGepf mG xde;f odr;f xm;onfw
h idk f &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f rkwo
f ek &f moD\tzsuftqD;udk
vkduf rNydKifEkdifao;acs/ rlp,fvGifjyif[kac:onfha'owpf0dkufwGif ysrf;rQrkd;a&csdefvufr
onf 80 ausmf&Sdaeojzifh vrf;awG rMumcPysufwwfonf/ awmifrsm;pGmay:rS pD;qif;vm
onfhra&rwGufEkdifaom awmifusacsmif;awGuvnf; renf;/ awmifusacsmif;a& wkdufpm;
ojzifh vrf;awGaygufNyJukefonf/ wHwm;awG a&wkdufpm;jcif; cHMu&onf/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;
wGif &TUHAGufBuD;awG yifv,fqD;aewwfonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk mG ;cJo
h nf'h ZD ifbmvukeEf iS Zhf efe0g&Dvqef;rSm &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f wGif
c&D;oGm; taumif;qkH;aomvrsm;jzpfavonf/ aeYwGifqkdvQif ysrf;rQtylcsdef 80 avmuf
&Sdojzifh wpfaeYvkH; um;rpD;Ekdif/ aqmif;wGif;rSmum; taEG;xnftvkHtavmufygvQif c&D;
oGm; tvGefaumif;avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYum;wef;BuD;onf rlp,fvGifjyifudk jzwfazmufxm;onfhvrf;rBuD;twkdif;
wa&GUa&GUvmcJMh uonf/ um;rsm;ojzifh vlrsm;onft
h wGuf aysmfp&maumif;onfreS af omfvnf;
c&D;rwGifvSyg/ wpfpD;ESifhwpfpD; apmifharmif;Mu&ojzifh c&D;zifhygonf/ zifhonfqkdaomfvnf;
vlrsm;onft
h wGuf zifrh eS ;f rodMu/ rlp,fviG jf yifqadk omfvnf; armfawmfum;vrf;ab;wpfzuf
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

137

w&kw-f jrefrmvrf;rBuD;\tydik ;f ukd t*Fvyd t


f pk;d &onf 1937 ckEpS w
f iG f azmufvyk f
cJhjcif; jzpf\/ xkdpOfu xkdvrf;rBuD;wpf0dkufwGif jrefrmjynfzGm; wkdif;&if;om;tvkyform;rsm;
azG;azG;vIyaf eMuayvdrrhf nf/ vrf;uvnf; ,ckavmuf racsmao;/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif AGuf
BuD;rsm;onf ESpfay? okH;aycefYtxd uRHusoGm;wwfonf[kqdk\/ xkdpOfu xkdvrf;ukd acguf
wkaYH cgufjyefomG ;cJo
h nft
h ar&duefq&m0ef a'gufwmqD;*a&Uu ol\]]bm;rm;qm*sif}}qko
d nfh
pmtkyfwGif ]&TUHwGif;BuD;rsm;ESifhacsmufurf;yg;BuD;rsm;}}[kacgif;pOfwyfum xkdvrf;rBuD;t
aMumif;udk tcef;wpfcef;zGifh wcrf;wem;a&;cJhavonf/
NAdwdoQtpdk;&onf w&kwfjynfu vludkYacsmifwHwm;ac: rmudkykdvkdwHwm;ta&;tcif;
ay:cJhonfhaemufydkif;wGif w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;udk ta&;wBuD; azmufvkyfcJhavonf/ pif
ppf olwkdYbmom olwkdYrmudkykdvkdwHwm; ta&;tcif;ay:onfrSm awG;MunfhvQif uRefawmfwkdY
ESib
hf mrQrqkid yf g/ vluaYkd csmifww
H m;ac: rmukyd v
fdk w
dk w
H m;onf yDuif;NrdKUtaemufawmifbuf
15 rkid cf eft
Y uGmwGi&f NdS yD; xkw
d w
H m;teD;wGif w&m;0ifwyfpcef;cscGiahf y;xm;aom *syefppfwyf
u olwpYdk cef;om;wpfa,muf aysmufomG ;onf[t
k aMumif;jyum xkw
d w
H m;udk twif;0iford ;f
cJ&h mrS w&kw-f 8syefppfyJG tpjyKcJo
h nf/ *syefonf w&kwjf ynfukd a&aMumif;rS 0kid ;f ydwx
f m;vku
d f
onf/ wGif w&kw\
f r[mrdwjf zpfonft
h *Fvyd o
f nf ppfvufeufrsm;? avmifpmrsm;ukd ykaYd y;
&eftwGuf w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;udk tjyif;azmufvkyfcJhavonf/ t*Fvdyftpkd;&onf jref
rmjynfbufrS xdktydkif;udk azmufvkyf&eftwGuf vlaygif;wpfodef;ckepfaomif;udk vkyfcray;
bJ uk,
d x
hf rif;ud,
k pf m;apNyD; vrf;azmufcidk ;f cJo
h nf/ xkv
d rf;udk azmufvyk pf Of xkad e&modaYk &muf
cJo
h nft
h *Fvyd pf ma&;q&m arm&pfaumvpfu ]xkjd rifuiG ;f rSm tm&Swu
dk w
f idk ;f jynfrsm;wGif vrf;
azmuf&m jrif&avh&adS om &Icif;rsKd;jzpfavonf/ rQvltiftm;rsm;rsm;jzifh tBuD;tus,f
azmufvkyfonfudk wpfBudrfomvQif awGYzl;ao;onf}[k a&;cJhavonf/
uGwfckdifESifhrlp,fMum; vrf;c&D;wpf0ufavmufta&mufwGif &Sdonfherfhzufumqkdonfh
&GmBuD;wpf&mG odYk a&mufonft
h cgwGif uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;wef;BuD; &yfem;um vufzuf&nfaomuf
Mu\/ erfhzufumwGif aexkdifolrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh &Srf;rsm;ESifhucsifrsm; jzpfavonf/
]]uRefawmfwkdY erfhcrf;udk oGm;&if rlp,fuaeNyD; 'Dukd jyefqif;&r,f/ 'DuaeNyD;rS r[m
AsL[mvrf;rBuD;twkdif; erfhcrf;udk oGm;Mu&rSm}}[k uarmZcifvIdifu &Sif;jyonf/ pifppf rl
p,fESifherfhcrf;rSm a&TvDjrpfurf;twkdif; vkdufoGm;vQif 19-rkdifrQa0;onf/ odkY&mwGif vrf;r
aumif;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYonf erfhzufumodkY rkdif 30 cefYjyefqif;vmum xkdrSwqifh r[mAsL
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

wpfcsuf zmvkt
H enf;i,ftwGi;f wGio
f m vGijf yifjzpfNyD; ab;wpfzufwpfcsufwiG f awmifwef;
jymBuD;awG umqD;vsuf&Sday\/

138

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

[mvrf;rBuD;twkid ;f ay 7000 ausmfjrifo


h nfah wmifrsm;udk ausmf rkid f 100 eD;yg;rQ auGyY wf
oGm;&OD;rnfjzpf\/
rlp,fvGifjyifonf erhfhzufumESifhuGwfckdifMum;wGif usOf;aomfvnf; erfhzufumrSvGef
rkdif;,k odkYr[kwf 105 rkdifteD;wpf0kdufodkY a&mufaomtcgwGif us,fonfxuf us,foGm;av
onf/ ta0;wGif cyfa&;a&;jrifae&onfah wmifwef;BuD;rsm;omr&Sv
d Qif ajrjyefaY 'oBuD;wpf
ckoaYkd &mufaeonf[yk if xifrad yvdrrhf nf/ rkid ;f ,kEiS 1hf 05 rkid ;f teD;wpf0u
fkd w
f iG rf l jcHawGjzifh pdr;f
pdkaeavonf/ a8:zD? rkefnif;ponfhpkdufcif;rsm;? opfoD;jcHrsm;? iSufaysmjcHrsm; ponfwkdYudk
awGY&onf/ ajrjyefYausmufqnf? ulrJponfwdkY teD;wpf0dkufrS &Gmuav;rsm;ESifhwlavonf/
rlp,foYkd arSmif&zD sKd;zswGif uRefawmfwdYk a&mufMu\/ a'oacgif;aqmifO;D pdik ;f jratmif
ESifhoufqkdif&mvlBuD;rsm;onf txl;uktzGJYudk rlp,f{nfh&dyfomwGif ae&mcsxm;NyD; vlBuD;t
csKdUESiu
hf Refawmfwu
Ydk kd NrdKUv,frS taqmufttkBH uD;wpfcw
k iG f ae&mcsxm;ay;aomfvnf; uRef
awmfwu
Ydk {nf&h yd o
f mwGiyf if q&m0efrsm;ESiw
hf nf;vko
d nft
h wGuf {nf&h yd o
f modYk ajymif;a&TUae
&mcsxm;ay;avonf/
pifppf {nfh&dyfomrSm vlESpfq,ftpdwfavmufrQom wnf;Ekdifaom vrf;bufXme{nfh
&dyfomjzpfaomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdYtzGJY vlaygif; 70 ausmfonf xkd&dyfomrSmyif wnf;Muav
onf/ vlBuD;q,fhav;ig;a,mufrSmrl NrdKUv,fu wnf;ckd&mtaqmufttkHrSmyif wnf;cdkav
onf/
vlEpS q
f ,f tpdwo
f mqHo
h nfw
h nf;cd&k yd o
f mudk vlaygif; 70 ausmf wnf;ckMd uojzifh uRef
awmfwkdYtm;vkH; Murf;jyifay:rSm yl;yl;uyfuyf tdyfMuonf/ rtdyfcif uarmZcifvIdifESifhq&m
0efBuD;rsm;u &,fp&mawG ajymojzifh uRefawmfwt
Ydk m;vk;H arm&yef;&rSe;f rodMu/ usOf;usOf;
usyfusyftdyf&ojzifh taESmifht,SufrjzpfMu/ ydkyif aysmfp&maumif;aeao;onf/
q&m0efBuD;uarmZcifvidI u
f m; &,fp&m armp&mudk tqufrjywfajymEkid o
f jl zpfonf/
olYwGif &,fp&m ykHwkdywfpawGuvnf; aygygbd/ tifrwef&TifaomOD;aESmufrsKd;rSomvQif xkd
rQrsm;jym;aom &,fp&mykHwkdywfpawGudk rSwfEkdifayvdrfhrnf/
rlp,f{nfh&dyfomrSm a&S;u aqmufcJhonfhwpfxyfbef*vkduav;jzpfNyD; a&TvDjrpfurf;
ukef;xdyfay:wGif aqmufxm;ojzifh NrdKUukdvnf;aumif;? a&TvDjrpfudkvnf;aumif; tay:pD;rS
jrifae&onf/
oD[&wempmay

a&TvDjrpfrSm oHvGifESifhvnf; rwl? 'k|0wDESifhvnf; rwlacs/ oHvGifu t[kefjyif;onf/


awmifurf;yg;,HBuD;awGMum;rS jzwfoef;um wa0ga0gpD;qif;oGm;onf/ 'k|0wDrSm vQKdU0Suf
qef;Mu,fonf/ tcsKd;tauGYawGrsm;onf/ wpfcgwpf&H 'k|0wDjrpfusOf;usOf;uav;onf
csKHEG,fydwfaygif;awGMum;rSm ikyfvQKd;aysmufuG,foGm;NyD; rxifonfhae&mrS bGm;ceJ ay:vm
wwfonf/ 'k|0wDonf b,fae&mwGif aysmufoGm;NyD; b,fae&mwGif jyefay:vmrnfudk rnf
olrQ rajymEkid yf g/ wpfcgwpf&H 'k|0wDonf jrpfwpfpif;ESirhf wl/ acsmufBudKacsmufMum; awmif
BudKawmifMum;wGif pD;aeonfah csmif;i,fajrmif;i,fuav;wpfcEk iS w
hf al eonf/ a&Tvu
D m; ol
wkdYvkd r[kwf/ vSypGm pD;qif;aeaom a&vD/ wNidrfhNidrfhpD;qif;aeaom a&TvD? taMutnmudk
wpfarQmfwpfac:BuD; jrifae&aoma&TvD? jrpf0Srf;wpfavQmufwGif v,fuGif;awG? MuHcif;awG
ESiphf rd ;f pdak eaom a&Tv?D aomif;ckw
H iG f [oFmarmifEw
HS Ydk vnfcsif;,Suu
f m vGr;f p&m aumif;ae
onfha&TvD vGrf;a&TvD/
a&TvDjrpfonf ,leefe,fxJwGif jrpfzsm;cHvmcJhNyD;aemuf rkd;rdwfe,fudk jzwfum uom
atmuf 0uful;&GmteD;wGif {&m0wDjrpfxJodkY pD;0ifonf/ &Srf;wkdY usOf;ajrmif;aomawmBudK
awmifMum;rS pD;qif;vmonfudk tpGJjyK a&TvDjrpfukd ]]a&T&I&yfvD}}[lvnf;aumif;? ndK
armif;aomtqif;ESiahf t;jraoma&wkYd &So
d nfukd pG
J ]]erfah rm}} odrYk [kwf ]]erfrh if;}}[lvnf;
aumif; ac:Muonf/ a&TvDonf rkdifaygif; 152 rkdif&Snfvsm;onf[k qkdavonf/
uRefawmfonf rlp,f{nhf&dyfomukef;jrifhxdyf&Sd cs,f&DyifatmufwGif xkdifcsvkduf&if;
qnf;qmESi;f rIerf sm;atmufwiG f wNidrNhf idrphf ;D qif;aeaom a&TvjD rpfukd vSr;f Munfrh o
d nf/ w&kwf
jynfbufurf;rS w*sKef;*sKef;vnfaeaomoMum;pufrS puforH sm;udk Mum;ae&onf/ oMum;
pufrs rD;a&mifrsm;ESifharmfawmfum; rD;a&mifrsm;udkvnf; jrif&\/
a&TvjD rpfurf;pyfwiG f cyfapmapmykid ;f wGif [oFmrsm; 0JysHaeonfukd jrif&aomfvnf; tdyf
wef;odYkysHMuavNyD/ w&kwfjynfbufurf;ESifhrlp,furf;odkY ul;vl;aeonfhul;wkdYavSrsm;vnf;
odyrf &SMd uawmh/ tdrjf yefaemufusaom ul;wko
Yd rm;\&Sr;f aw;oHoo
hJ u
hJ kd Mum;&onf/ olaY w;
oH\t"dyg,fudk wpfvkH;rQ em;rvnfaomfvnf; qnf;qmjymjym a&TvD\a&pD;oHEGJYEGJY\cs,f&D
eHYoif;oif;wkdYMum;wGif olYaw;oH0J0Jonf vGrf;armzG,f aumif;aeavonf/ olYaw;oHonf
&Srf;ykHjyifwGifvmonfhcGefqrfavmESifheef;OD;ysifwkdYtcspfuJhodkY cspfolwkdY\xm0&tcspfudk zGJYEGJY
onfhpum;oHavm? pdkif;qkdifarm0f\a&TvDudk oufaownfaeaomtvGrf;aw;oHavm?
onfudkrl uRefawmf rodEkdifyg/
&Srf;wkdY\uAsm? &Srf;wkdY\ykHjyifwGif cGefqrfavmESifheef;OD;ysifwkdY\ykHjyifonf vGrf;pzG,f
ykjH yifwpfcjk zpf\/ wpf&aH &mtcgu qrfavmESiOhf ;D ysifwo
dYk nf csrf;omaomrdbrsm;rS qif;ouf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

139

140

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

vmcJhMuonfhcspfolrsm; jzpfcJhMu\/ olwkdYESpfa,muf vufxyfNyD;onfhaemufwGif OD;ysifonf


a,murESdyfpufonfh'Pfcsufjzifh aocJh&\/ vSyacsmarm rdef;rjrwfwpfOD;jzpfonfhOD;ysif
aoqkH;onfhtcgwGif qrfavmonf ukd,fhukd,fudk "m;jzifhxkd; tqkH;pD&ifvkduf\/ odkYjzifh cspf
olEpS Of ;D wko
Yd nf tcspftwGuf toufukd pGecYf MhJ u\/ aemufq;Hk wGif cspfoEl pS Of ;D wko
Yd nf aumif;
uifwGif Mu,fuav;ESpfvkH;jzpfoGm;Muum tNrJawGYMuonf[k ykHjyifu qkd\/ tvm;wl *syef
ykHjyifwpfckudkvnf; uRefawmf zwfzl;avonf/
olwEYdk pS Of ;D \ykjH yifonf &krd ,
D Edk iS *hf sLvD,ufw\
Ydk Zmwfvrf;xufvnf;aumif;? *syefyjHk yif
xufvnf;aumif; trsm;BuD;apmvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/

(25)
yef c rf ; wH w m;ES i f h e ,f j cm;rS w f w k d i f
uarmZcifvidI \
f xl;jcm;aomtusifw
h pfcrk mS reufpmukd tdy&f mxJwiG f pm;jcif;jzpfav
onf/ tdyf&mu Ekd;onfESifhrsufESmopfjcif;? yvkwfusif;jcif;rjyKbJ reufaumfzDESifhrkefYwkdYukd
pm;wwfonfukd awG&Y \/ tdy&f mxJwiG f reufpmpm;aomtavhrmS t*Fvyd w
f \
Ydk "avhjzpfav
onf/ jrefrmwkrYd mS eHeufpmudk tdy&f mxJwiG f pm;avhr&SMd uacs/ tdy&f mxJwiG f eHeufpmpm;onfh
jrefrmqkd uRefawmfawGYzl;oavmufqkdvQif uarmZcifvIdifESifhtkd;a0OD;ndKjrwkdYESpfOD;ukdom
awGYzl;ao;onf/ tkd;a0OD;ndKjronf ]b0wuodkvf}wGif uRefawmfESifhtwefMumaecJhzl;&m
uRefawmfwEYdk iS ahf ecJo
h nfw
h pfavQmufv;Hk xkt
d wkid ;f yif awG&Y avonf/ OD;ndKjronf nqkv
d Qif
awmfawmfESifhrtdyf/ reuf 3 em&D? 4 em&Dxkd;rS tdyfwwfNyD; reuf 10 em&Dausmfausmfavmuf
rS tdyf&mu xwwfonf/ tdyf&mu Ekd;onfESifhOD;ndKjronf rsufESmropf? yvkwfrusif;bJ
vufzuf&nfESifhrkefYudk wpfcgwnf; wef;pm;wwfavonf/ ,ck q&m0efBuD; uarmZcifvIdif
rSmvnf; xkdtwkdif;yif jzpfavonf/ tdyf&mu Ekd;onfESifhuarmZcifvIdifonf olYwynfhrsm;
jzpfonfhbaqGukd ac:wwfonf/ odkYr[kwfvQifvnf; olYpma&;rjzpfonfh ucsifruav;eef
qkdif;udk ac:wwfonf/ uRefawmfwkdY oGm;cJhonfhc&D;wpfavQmufwGif uarmZcifvIdifonf tdyf
&mu Ek;d onfEiS ]hf ]baqGa& aumfz}D }[k vSr;f atmfwwfonf/ ]]eefqidk ;f a& rkerYf &ao;bl;vm;}}
[katmfoHudk uRefawmfwkdY Mum;&NrJ jzpfonf/
pifppf uarmZcifvidI Ef iS t
hf ;dk a0OD;ndKjrwko
Yd nf reufpmudk tdy&f mxJrmS pm;Muaomfvnf;
t*Fvdyfqefolrsm; r[kwfMuyg/ uarmZcifvIdifonf tvGef&Srf;qefonfh&Srf;jzpfNyD; tkd;a0OD;
ndKjrrSm tvGeftnmom;qefonfhtnmom;jzpfygonf/ rsufESmropfbJ reufaumfzDudk
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

141

,ckvnf; uarmZcifvIdifonf ]]baqGa& aumfzDa[h? eefqkdif;a& aumfzDa&m? rkefYa&m


,lcJha[h? a[m'Du ighq&mawGtwGufyg azsmfcJh}}[katmfaeoHudk Mum;&onf/
uRefawmfwu
Ydk m; tdy
f aumif;wke;f / olt
Y oHukd Mum;vku
d o
f jzifh em&Dukd Munfv
h u
dk o
f nfh
tcgwGif reuf 5 em&Dausmfausmfom&Sdao;onf/ odkY&mwGif uarmZcifvIdifESifhorm;awmfBuD;
rsm;jzpfonfq
h &mOD;ode;f [ef? t&k;d ukq&m0efBuD;a'gufwmatmifoef;ESirhf sufpt
d xl;ukq&m
0efBuD;a'gufwmausmfOD;wkdYwpfodkufrSm reuftapmBuD; xum w0g;0g;ESifhpum;0kdif;zGJYaeMu
avNyD/ q&mOD;odef;[efrSm 0rf;acgif;udkjcpf &,foH? q&mOD;atmifoef;\tmacgifudkjcpf
&,fo?H q&mOD;ausmfO;D \pum;oHwu
Ydk kd uRefawmfwYdk Mum;ae&onf/ uarmZcifvidI o
f nf A[k
okwjzpfzG,f rSwfom;zG,fpum;udk qkdwwf&kHrQru &Tifvef;&,farmzG,faumif;aomykHwkdywfp
rsm;udkvnf; wpfcgESifhwpfcg rxyf&atmif ajymEkdifoljzpfavonf/
c&D;yef;ojzifh raeYnu uRefawmfwkYd ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf tdyfaysmfoGm;Muonf/ {nfh&dyf
omtwGif;tcef;rsm;udk trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; ay;vkdufMuNyD; uRefawmfwkdYtm;vkH;rSm {nfh&dyf
om{nfch ef;Murf;jyifwiG f wk;d a0SyY ;l uyf tdyMf uavonf/ uarmZcifvidI u
f m; rtdycf ifvnf;
w0g;0g;&,fum ykHwdkywfprsm;ukd ajymaeonf/ ay 20 ywfvnfavmufom&Sdonfhtcef;u
av;wGif wkd;wkd;a0SYa0SY tdyf&onfrSm wu,faysmfp&mBuD; jzpfavonf/ onfvkd rtdyf&onf
rSm MumavNyD/ &moDOwkuvnf; at;? c&D;azmfpdwf"mwfvnf; &SdMuonfhtwGuf xkdvrf;wpf
avQmufrSm nrsm;onf uRefawmhftwGuf arhEkdifzG,fr&Sdaom nrsm;yif jzpfyg\/
csrf;uvnf; csrf;? qmuvnf; qmojzifh uRefawmfwkdYonfvnf; uarmZcifvIdif\
xk;H pHukd vku
d u
f m eefqidk ;f ,lvmonfah umfzED iS rhf ek u
Yf kd rsufEmS ropfbJ pm;aomufypfvu
dk Mf uav
onf/
uarmZcifviId \
f ykw
H ydk wfprsm;ESiq
hf &m0efrsm;\&,farmoHudk em;axmif&if; tdyaf ysmf
oGm;Muaom uRefawmfwkdYonf reufvif;onfhtcgwGifvnf; uarmZcifvIdif\ykHwkdywfprsm;
ESifhq&m0efrsm;\&,farmoHudk em;axmifum tdyf&mrS &Tifvef;pGm Ekd;vmcJhMuavonf/ vl
awmolawmwGif wpfcgwpf&H cyfpdrf;pdrf;aewwfaom uRefawmfonf uarmZcifvIdifwkdYtzGJY
ESifhawGYaomtcgwGif t&nfaysmfoGm;avonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif uarmZcifvIdifonf wynfh
rsm;ESifh&if;&if;ESD;ESD; aemufajymifaeonfudk awGYwwfav&m xkdYaMumifhyif olYudk rdwfaqGt
aygif;toif;rsm;uomru wynfhrsm;uvnf; cspfcifav;pm;jcif;jzpf[ef wlygonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

aomufonfhtusifhrSm olwkdY\ukd,fydkiftavhtusifhyif jzpfayvdrfhrnf/

142

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

uarmZcifvIdifonf pum;tajymtqkd oGufvufcsufcsm&kHrQru tvkyfvkyf&mwGif


vnf; tvGeftyiftyef;cHEkdifoljzpfavonf/
uarmZcifvIdifonf reufpmudk tdyf&mxJwGif pm;aomuf &,fp&marmp&mawGudk
ajymNyD;aemuf xkdif&mrS xvkdufum
]]uJ q&mwkdY a&rcsKd;Mubl;vm;}}[k xl;xl;qef;qef; ar;vkdufavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf wpfa,mufrsufESmudk wpfa,mufMunfhvkdufrdMuonf/ olajymonfh
tcsdefwGif 6 em&DcefYrQom &Sdao;\/ aexGufzkdY rajymESifh? ESif;rIefwkdY xlxyfpGm usa&mufae
ojzifh a&SUav;ig;q,fudkuftuGmwGif vlvkH;ukdyif aumif;aumif; rjrif&/ zm&if[kduf'D*&D
40 wpf0dkufavmufrQom &Sdvdrfhrnf/
]]q&m wu,f a&csKd;rvkdYvm;}}
]]uRefawmfuawmh csKd;r,fq&ma&? raeYu wpfaeYv;Hk c&D;yef;vmwm? NyD;awmh vlwpf
udk,fvkH;vJ zkefawGcsnf;yJ/ uRefawmfuawmh vm;&Id;rSmvJ csKd;aeusyJ/ csKd;Munfhygvm;q&m?
wpfcck jk zpf&ifvJ q&m0efawG wpfavScsnf;ygygw,f/ bmrSrjzpfap&ygbl;/ jzpf&ifvJ todom
csnf;BuD;yJ/ pnfpnfum;um;jzpfatmif vkyfay;yghr,f}}
umwGe;f ajrZmwpfa,mufrt
S y uRefawmf? atmifoif;ESichf spfO;D ndKwko
Yd nf rsufEmS okwf
y0gBuD;awGjcKHNyD; olYaemufrS vkdufoGm;Muonf/ {nfh&dyfomtjyifbuf vlwpf&yfavmufjrifh
onft
h w
k u
f efBuD;odYk uRefawmfwaYdk &mufonft
h cgwGif owif;axmufub
kd edk ED iS o
hf wif;axmuf
OD;atmifrif;wkdYvnf; a&mufaeMuavNyD/ uRefawmfwkdYtzkdYum; {&mrpGefYpm;cef;BuD;jzpfav
onf/
]]vm q&ma&U vef;oGm;wmyJ}}[k udkbdkeDu tkwfuefBuD;ay:wuf uRefawmfwkdYukd
a&iifay;&if; ajymonf/ owif;axmuf OD;atmifrif;rSm csrf;ojzifh wkefaeavNyD/
vm;&I;d wGif owif;axmufb,fEaS ,muf&o
dS nfukd uRefawmfrodyg/ od&Yk mwGif uRefawmf
wkdY awGYcJh&onfhowif;axmufudkbkdeDESifhOD;atmifrif;um; a&SUrDaemufrD owif;axmufrsm;
jzpfMuavonf/ olwkdYESpfa,mufpvkH;onf yk*vduowif;pmvufxufuwnf;u vkyfvmcJh
onfhowif;axmufrsm;jzpfojzifh tawGYtMuKHrsm;vSayNyD/ cgwkdif; pma&;q&m? owif;pm
q&mponfh{nfhonfwkdYvmvQif OD;atmifrif;vkdufydkYavh&Sdaomfvnf; touftenf;i,fBuD;
oD[&wempmay

vmonfhtavsmuf c&D;Murf;wkdYudk odyfroGm;Ekdifawmhacs/ xkdYaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYc&D;wpf


avQmufv;Hk wGif udb
k ekd D vku
d v
f mcJjh cif;jzpf\/ ,ck c&D;wGirf l OD;atmifrif;vnf; vku
d jf zpfatmif
vkdufvmavonf/
uRefawmfwYdk 3 a,mufonf zm&if[u
dk 'f *D &D 40 wpf0u
kd af vmufrmS &Sad om reufcif;wGif
pGefYpm; a&csKd;vkdufMuonf/ bmrQrjzpfMu awmfayao;\/ a&csKd;NyD;vQif udkbkdeDu uRef
awmfwkdYudk ESpfusyfcGJom;cefY0ifqDrIwfavmuf&Sdonfhw&kwfvufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uav;jzifh
&Srf;t&ufjyif;jyif;wpfcGufpD wkdufavonf/ ylxlzdef;&Sdef;oGm;um udk,fwGif;udk aEG;aponfh
&Srf;t&ufaywnf;/
]]rlp,fw?Ydk erfch rf;wkb
Yd ufrmS awmh ucsiftvkyo
f rm;awG? &Sr;f tvkyo
f rm;awGu reuf
apmapmpD;pD; t&ufjyif;jyif;av;wpfcGufawmh aomufMuw,fq&m/ &moDOwku at;vGef;
awmh rcHEkdifbl;/ aps;em;a&muf&if reuftapmBuD; &Srf;t&ufvmaomufaeMuwmudk awGY
vdrrhf ,f/ q&mwkYd &efuek rf mS reuftapmBuD; yJyvmwmuav;ESiv
hf ufzuf&nfaomufMuovkd
aygh/ 'DrSmvJ tvkyform;awG? ,morm;awGu rkefnif;csOfuav;wpfcGufESifh&Srf;t&ufjyif;
jyif;av;wpfcGufarmhNyD; tvkyfoGm;MuwmyJ}}[k udkbdkeDu &Sif;jyavonf/
a&rk;d csKd;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf rlp,faps;oko
Yd mG ;Muavonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmuf
ydik ;f c&D;wpfavQmufv;Hk uRefawmfwYdk uHaumif;aomtcsufrmS a&mufav&mNrdKUwGif aps;aeY
ESiq
hf &Hk jcif;jzpf\/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f rSm NrdKUi,frsm;rSm 5 &ufwpfaps;om&S&d m xkad ps;aeY
rsm;ESifhuRefawmfwkdY oGm;oGm;NyD; MuKH&onfrSm MuKHawmifhMuKHcJjzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf
uGwfckdif? odED? [kdyefponfhaps;aeYrsm;udk MuKHcJhMu&m &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;rS aus;&Gmrsm;udk
ra&mufcJh&onfhwkdif aus;&Gmvlxk\tajctaeudk waphwapmif; tuJcwfEkdifcJhMuavonf/
rlp,faps;um; uRefawmfwYdk a&mufco
hJ rQaom &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f u 5 &ufaps;rsm;
wGif erfhcrf;aps;rSvGJvQif tpnfqkH;jzpfavonf/ rlp,frSm e,fjcm;jzpfojzifh e,fjcm;NrdKUrsm;
xk;H pH [kb
d ufurf;u aps;a&mif;aps;0,foal wGvnf; vmMuonf/ a&TvjD rpfukd em&D0ufavmuf
ul;wkdYjzifh ul;vkdufvQif wpfzufurf;&Sd NrdKUuav;odkYa&mufoGm;avonf/ rlp,faps;wGif t
rsm;qk;H ypn;f rsm;rSm w&kwyf pn;f rsm;jzpfavonf/ vm;&I;d wGif rawGEY idk o
f nft
h vStyypn;f
rsm;? aq;rsm;? a<uxnfypnf;rsm;? taEG;xnfrsm;rSmvnf; aygvS\/ txl;jcm;qkH;ypnf;
rSm avaoewfrsm; jzpfavonf/ aoewf'ifa&m aoewfajymif;a&m awmfawmfaumif;onfh
trsKd;tpm;jzpf wpfvufvQif 250 usyfavmufom ay;&ojzifh vm;&Id;rSvkdufvmol awmf
awmfrsm;rsm; 0,fMuonfudk awGY&avonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fwGif vkdifpiftcuftcJ odyfr&dSaomf
vnf; &efuek v
f idk pf iftcuftcJaMumifh uRefawmfwYdk 0,fcsifaomfvnf; r0,fjzpfcMhJ uyg/ aemuf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

143

144

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

aygonfhypnf;rsm;rSm aq;rsm;? a<uxnf? tvSty tokH;taqmifypnf;rsm;ESifhvufESdyf


"mwfr;D rsm;jzpfavonf/ yvwfpwpfvufEydS "f mwfr;D wpfvufukd ok;H av;usyfavmufomay;
&avonf/ uae'grS xkwfa0NyD; w&kwfjynfrS jyefvnf&kdufESdyfonfht*Fvdyfbmomoifcef;pm
wpfpkHudk okH;q,favmufrQom ay;&ojzifh uRefawmfwkdY tHhMoaeMuonf/ xkdtpkHudk &efukef
ajreDukef;pmtkyfaps;wGif cyfapmapmydkif;u 100 ausmf 200 a&mif;onfudk uRefawmfwkdY odcJh
&ojzifh tHhMo&jcif;jzpfay\/
uRefawmfwkdYonf rlp,faps;ukd acgufwkefYacgufjyef avQmufMunfhMu\/ tacGoGif;NyD;
uufqufacGrsm; a&mif;onfhqkdifBuD;wpfqkdifudk awGYojzifh 0ifMunfh&m jrefrmoDcsif;[l odyf
rawGY&bJ &Srf;oDcsif;acGrsm;ESifha[mifaumifESifhxkdif0rfrSvmaomw&kwfoDcsif;acGrsm;udk awGY
&avonf/
ukb
d ekd o
D nf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd aps;axmifw
h pfae&m&Sd ucsifEiS &hf rS ;f tvkyo
f rm;rsm;aomuf
onfht&ufqkdifodkY ac:oGm;avonf/ udkbdkeDajymonfhtwkdif;yif &Srf;tvkyform;rsm;ESifh
ucsiftvkyo
f rm;rsm;onf t&ufqidk x
f o
J Ykd cyfow
k o
f w
k 0f ifvmum vufzuf&nfyef;uefwpf
vkH;avmuf0ifarmhNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muavonf/ olwkdYaomufonfrSm rsm;rsm;pm;pm;vnf;
r[kwfyg/ vufzuf&nfyef;uefwpfvkH;rQom jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYqDwGif reufvufzuf
&nfqkdifvmaomufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muonfhtwkdif; jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYaomufzl;onf
&Sdatmif tMurf;yef;ueftao;av;wpfvkH;pD aomufcJhao;\/ wpfcGufudk wpfusyfay;&
onf/
aps;rS xGufNyD;vQif uarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdYudk yefcrf;wHwm;odkY vkdufydkYav
onf/ yefcrf;wHwm;rSm 19 rkid af 0;onfrh q
l ,f-erfch rf;vrf;ay:wGi&f NdS yD; rlp,fEiS Ehf pS rf idk cf efaY 0;
avonf/ xkv
d rf;rSm a&TvjD rpfurf;udk ajrmif azmufxm;onfrh pl ,f-erfch rf;vrf;a[mif;jzpf
NyD;vQif aemufxyf 14 rkdifcefYoGm;vkdufvQif erfhcrf;odkYa&mufoGm;rnfjzpfavonf/ odkY&mwGif
vrf;raumif;ojzifh xkv
d rf;udk uRefawmfwYdk ra&mufcMhJ uyg/ erfzh ufumodYk jyefqif;NyD; rkid f 100
eD;yg;a0;onfh r[mAsL[mvrf;rBuD;twkdif; uRefawmfwkdYa&mufcJhjcif; jzpfavonf/
yefcrf;wHwm;rSm jyefjyifxm;aomfvnf; wGefYvdrfaumufauG;aeonfhwHwm;oHaygif
BuD;rsm;udk rjyif&ao;acs/ uRefawmfwkdYonf wHwm;ay:wGif trSwfw&"mwfykH &kdufMu\/
xkdYaemuf wHwm;rS wpfrkdif? ESpfrkdifcefY a&SUqufoGm;vQif e,fjcm;rSwfwkdif trSwf 74 odkYa&muf
avonf/ e,fjcm;rSww
f idk rf mS armfawmfum;vrf;ab;wGif uyfvsuf&\
dS / rSww
f idk w
f pfzufwiG f
um; w&kwef ,fajrjzpfavonf/ e,fjcm;rSww
f idk Ef iS rhf vSr;f rurf; wpfzufe,fajrwGif rken
f if;
EkwfaeMuaomw&kwfv,form;rsm; v,fxGefaeMuaomw&kwfv,form;rsm;udk awGY&av
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

145

rSwfwkdifteD;wGif ESpfzufpvkH;rS tapmifhta&Smufr&Sdacs/ uRefawmfwkdYonf e,fjcm;rS


rSwfwkdifuav;udk jrefrmEkdifiHbufrSvnf;aumif;? w&kwfe,fajrbufrSvnf;aumif; "mwfykH
&kdufMuavonf/
yefcrf;wHwm;ESifhe,fjcm;rSwfwkdifrS jyefvmNyD;vQif rlp,fNrdKUv,f&kyf&Sif&kHBuD;wGif pmay
a[majymyGJ usif;yMu\/ uRefawmfwkdYonf e,fjcm;a'oESifhudkufnDatmif wkdif;&if;om;vl
rsKd;pkcH spfMunfa&;? vlrsKd;pkpmayrsm; ay:xGe;f vma&;? vlrsKd;pkxrJ S pma&;q&mrsm; ay:xGuf
vma&;wkdYudk OD;wnfa[majymcJhMu\/ vlrsKd;pkxJrS vli,frsm;rS pmay? *Dwt&mwGif rsm;pGm
acwfaemufusjcif;r&Sdonfudk awGY&\/ tqkdawmfpkdif;qkdifarm0f\]a&TvDudk oufaojyKr,f}?
]aEGtvGr;f }? ]ajrmufyikd ;f vrf;}pmom;rsm;ukd xkwEf w
k u
f m wkid ;f &if;om;vli,frsm;\&oynm
tqifhtwef;udk tusOf;csKyfo&kyfcGJjycJhMuavonf/ pkdif;qkdifarm0frSm uRefawmfwkdYESifhawGY
csifaomfvnf; tvkyfudpjzifh rEav;odkYqif;oGm;onfhtwGuf rawGYcJh&awmhacs/ a[majym
yGJodkY rlp,fNrdKUay:rS vli,f? ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;? pmay0goem&Sifrsm;ESifh&Srf;? ucsif?
&Srf;w&kwfponftrsKd;om;trsKd;orD; &kHvkH;jynfhrQ wufa&mufMuavonf/
uRefawmfwkdY a[majymyGJodkY xl;xl;jcm;jcm; wufa&mufvmolrsm;rSm jynfrrSa&mufae
onfhausmif;q&mrsm;ESifhq&mruav;rsm; jzpfMuavonf/ olwkdYtm;vkH;teuf trsm;pkrSm
&efukefwuokdvfESifhrEav;wuodkvfwkdYrS bGJY&NyD; &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif vma&muftrI
xrf;aeMuolrsm;jzpf\/ vli,fESifhtrsKd;orD;i,frsm;jzpfNyD; [oFmw? jrefatmif? r,fZvD
uke;f ? "EkjzL? rauG;? a&pBudK? &efuek pf onfNh rdKUrsm;rS jzpfMuavonf/ xl;jcm;onf[q
k &dk jcif;
rSm tjcm;aMumifrh [kwyf g/ uRefawmfwYdk pmaya[majymyGu
J kd BudKwifox
d m;ojzifh olww
Ydk m0ef
us&m awmifrsm;ay:rS qif;vmMuaomaMumifh jzpfavonf/ rlp,fNrdKUe,f&Sd awmifwef;rsm;
ay:odkY olwkdYa&mufonfrSm 4 ESpf&dSMuNyD; pmaya[majymyGJudk rMuKHzl;ojzifh toGm;tjyef 15
rkdifa0;aom ay 4500 &Sdaomawmifwef;rsm;ay:rS qif;vmMujcif; jzpfavonf/
awmifay:wGif olwkdYpmoif&onfhwynfhrsm;rSm &Srf;? ucsif? yavmif? &Srf;w&kwfESifh
u,m;uav;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdY\awmifay:ausmif;q&mb0 4 ESpftawGYtMuKHt&
ajym&vQif vlrsKd;pkuav;rsm;udk pmoif&mwGif awGYMuKH&onfhtcuftcJrSm bmompum;t
cuftcJjzpfavonf/ uav;rsm;udk jrefrmvkd pmoif&mwGif aumif;aumif;emrvnfMu/ t"d
yg,fwpfckudk 10 cgavmuf&Sif;jyaeMu&onf/ xkdYaMumifh awmifay:a&muf q&m? q&mrrsm;
onf &Srf;pum;udk tvsifoifMu&onf/ &Srf;pum;jzifh oifrS ajymrS pum;aygufojzifh &Srf;
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

onf/ wpfac:omomavmufwGif rkd;rcyifawG tkyfaeonfhw&kwf&Gmuav;wpf&Gmudkvnf;


awGY&\/

146

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

bmompum;udk tvsifoifMum;&jcif; jzpfavonf/ awmifay:a&muf q&m? q&mrwkdY pm;


aomufMu&onfhtpm;taomufrsm;rSmvnf; vlrsKd;pkwdkYpm;aomufMuonfhtpm;taomuf
rsm;yif jzpfavonf/ rkefYnif;udk vkyfonfhtpm;taomufrsm;jzpfNyD; trsm;tm;jzifh rkefnif;
csOf? rken
f if;apm? qGrx
f efEiS zhf wfusefwjYdk zpfavonf/ xrif;vcrSm awmifay:rSmyif 150 usyf
ay;&&m olwkdY&onfhvc 185 usyfrS xrif;vcESifhukefoavmuf eD;yg;jzpfaeavonf/ xkdY
aMumifh udk,fhbmomudk,f csufpm;&m ydkukefonf[kqkdavonf/ awmifay:wGif bmrQr0,f
&ojzifh vcxkwf&ufrsm;wGif olwkdYonf rlp,faps;odkY aps;vm0,fMu&onf/ odkY&mwGif tcsKdU
q&mruav;rsm;rSm ay 4500 ausmf&o
dS nfah wmifBuD;awGukd jzwf rlp,fu jyefvmonft
h cg
wGif yifyef;NyD; zsm;Muonf/
uRefawmfu rlp,fe,f&Sd awmifwef;rsm;ay:wGif a&mufaeonfhjynfrrS q&m? q&mr
rsm;pm&if;udk awmif;onfhtcgwGif olwkdYtxJrS toGufqkH;q&mudkjrifhaqGusefu atmufyg
trnfrsm;udk a&;ay;vkdufygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYoGm;onfh 1980-81 ckESpf rlp,fawmifay:
a'orsm;odkYa&mufaeonfhq&m? q&mruav;rsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifvkdojzifh atmufwGif ol
wkdY\trnfrsm;udk ul;,lazmfjyvkdufyg\/
[oFmwrS (1)udkjrifhaqGusef? (2) rwifwiforf;? (3) rEGJYEGJY&Sdef? (4) r,Of,Ofpdef? (5)
rcifprf;&D? (6) rat;jrifhprf;? (7) jrjrndK? (8) jrifhjrifhprf;? (9) MunfMunfaqG? (10)trmnTefY?
(11) trmcsKd? (12) at;at;&D? (13) jrifhjrifhcsKd? (14) pef;pef;wif? (15) aemfcifaxG;? (16)
udkpdk;oef;? (17) EkdifEkdifxGef;? (18) udkjroef;? (19) oef;oef;at;? (20) ratmifESifh(21) ukd
0if;armif/
jrefatmifrS (1) udkcifarmifapm? (2) rEkEkESifh(3) ra|;jrifh/
"EkjzLrS (1) rprf;&DESifh(2)rwiftkef;/
r,fZvDuek ;f rS (1) r0if;&D? (2)rEkE&k ?D (3) roef;oef;at;? (4) cifjzL0if;? (5) cifrndK?
(6) cifrcsKd? (7) udkausmfaZ,sESifh(8)rcifaqG/
a&pBudKrS ukdjrifhoef;/
rauG;rS (1) udka|;0if;? (2) ukdodef;0if;ESifh(3) udkodef;xGef;/
&efukefrS udk0if;jrifhwkdY jzpfMuavonf/
olwkdYtrsm;pkrSm &efukefwuodkvfrS bGJY&vli,fESifhbGYJ&trsKd;orD;rsm;jzpfMuavonf/

oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

147

xkdaeYrSm vGwfvyfa&;tBudKaeY jzpfavonf/


oufqkdif&mNrdKUe,f wm0efcHrsm;onf vGwfvyfa&;tBudKtjzpfvnf;aumif;? rlp,fodkY
a&mufvmaom txl;uktzGJYESifhpmaytzGJYtm; BudKqkd{nfhcHonfhtaejzifhvnf;aumif; xkdaeY
naeydkif; rlp,fNrdKU abmvkH;uGif;BuD;xJwGif ucsifaxmifumtursm;? &Srf;&kd;&mtursm;?
tk;d pnftursm;jzifh {nfch aH vonf/ tvGepf nfum;vS\/ wpfNrdKUvk;H vma&mufMunfMh uonfh
t"du&yGBJ uD;jzpfavonf/ xkn
d u rlp,fNrdKUwpfNrdKUvk;H onf vif;uGi;f oH? &Sr;f tk;d pnfo?H armif;
oHwkdYjzifh yJhwifxyfvsuf &Sdavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYESifhygvmolrsm;onf ucsifaxmifumtuudk 0if uMu&\/ rnfolrQ
aer&/ jiif;r&yg/ q&m0efBuD;rsm;? orm;awmfBuD;rsm;? q&m0efrrsm;? olemjyKq&mrrsm;
ESifhtrIxrf;rsm;yg rusef tm;vkH;uMu&onf/
uRefawmwkdYav;a,mufxJwGifrl cspfOD;ndKrSvGJvQif uwwfolwpfa,mufrQ r&Sdyg/
vufajrmufajcajrmufvkyf&kHrQom &Sdyg\/
NrdKUcHvrl sm;u MumMumuEkid af omfvnf; uRefawmfww
Ydk pfawGrmS MumMumruEkid Mf u/ wpf
aeYvkH; c&D;yef;xm;ojzifh ucsifaxmifum u&m uGif;jyifBuD;rS cyfapmapmjyefvmcJhMuonf/
aemufwpfaeY reufwGif uRefawmfwkdYum;wef;BuD;onf rlp,fESifherfhcrf;odkY xGufvmcJh
onf/ rlp,f-erfhcrf;vrf;a[mif;rSm 19 rkdifrQoma0;aomfvnf; vrf;raumif;ojzifh xkdvrf;
twkdif; roGm;awmhbJ rlp,frS erfhzufumodkYjyefqif;vmcJhMuonf/ rlp,fvGifjyiftwkdif; erfh
zufumodkY rkdif 30 cefY jyefqif;cJhMu&onf/ erfhzufumodkYa&mufvQif uGwfckdifodkY oGm;onhfvrf;
cGJudk rvkdufbJ taemufajrmufbufodkY jyefwufoGm;onfhum;vrf;twkdif; awmifBuD;rsm;ay:
odkY jyefwuf&avonf/ xkdawmifwef;BuD;rsm;onf rlp,fvGifjyifESifha&TvDjrpf0Srf;udk jcm;xm;
onfha&a0awmifwef;BuD;rsm;jzpfMu\/ xkda&a0awmifwef;BuD;rsm;onf awmifrS ajrmuf
twkdif;qif;vmMuum rlp,fvGifjyifESifha&TvDcsKdifh0Srf;udk umqD;xm;onfheH&HBuD;ozG,f jzpfae
Muavonf/ xkad wmifwef;eH&BH uD;onf tcsKdUae&mwGif ay 7000 ausmfcef&Y adS vonf/ aemuf
xyf azmufvkyfxm;onfhr[mAsL[mvrf;rBuD;rSm xkdawmifwef;BuD;rsm;udkjzwf azmufvkyf
xm;jcif; jzpfay\/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(26)
tkd. . . ajrmufydkif;vrf;

148

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

rlp,fvGifjyifrSae erfhzufumudk ausmfvkdufonfESifhawmifwef;awGay:odkY wjznf;


jznf;wufvmcJhavonf/ wu,fhawmBuD;awmifBuD; vQKdajrmifBuD;awG jzpfyg\/ odkY&mwGif
erfq
h efbufow
Ykd ufaom awmifrsKd;awG r[kw/f uGev
f b
Hk ufoYkd oGm;pOf jzwfoef;cJo
h nfah wmif
rsKd;awG r[kwf/ erfhqefESifhuGefvkHbufodkYoGm;pOf awGYcJh&onfhawmifwef;BuD;awGu vQKdU0Suf
aMumufp&maumif;onfhtoGifudk aqmifaeMuonf/ ,ck erfhzufumtwufrSm awGY&onfh
awmifrsm;um; vQKdU0Sufonfhoabmvnf; raqmif/ xkdYaMumifh aMumufzG,ftoGifudkvnf;
raqmif/ xkdawmifwef;BuD;rsm;aemufwGif tifrwefvSyonfha&TvDjrpf0Srf; odkYr[kwf erfharm
jrpf0Srf;&Sdonf[k odNyD;jzpfonfhtwGuf vGrf;p&m aumif;aeonf/
uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;wef;BuD;onf awmifwef;BuD;rsm;udk auGyY wf wjznf;jznf; wufvm
cJhavonf/
uRefawmfwpYdk ;D vmcJo
h nf*h spfum;rSm pufcRwf,iG ;f ojzifh rlp,fwiG f xm;cJ&h aomaMumifh
uRefawmfwkdYonf uarmZcifvIdifOD;aqmifonfhq&m0efBuD;rsm;pD;onfhtDplZlbwfpfum;BuD;
rsm;ay:wGif vkdufvmcJhMu&avonf/ olwkdYum;ay:wGifrl wpfum;vkH; q&m0efawG? q&m0ef
rawG? q&mrawG jynfhaeonf/ txufwpfae&mwGif uRefawmfajymcJhonfhq&mpkdif;atmif
qmrSm xkdtDplZlum;BuD;udk armif;vmjcif;jzpfavonf/
pkdif;atmifqmonf txufwGif uRefawmfajymcJhonfhtwkdif; rlp,f-erfhcrf;vrf;udk
armif;aeusjzpf[efwlygonf/ olYudk Munfh&onfrSm onfc&D;BuD;udk armif;ae&onfhtwGuf
enf;enf;uav;rQ yifyef;[ef r&Sd/ pD;u&ufuav;udk cJvkduf? armfawmfum; uufqufacGxJ
u pkdif;qkdifarm0f\oDcsif;oHudk em;axmifvkduf? olYteD;wGif ygvmonfhq&mruav;awGESifh
vSrf;NyD;pum;ajymvkdufjzifh at;at;oufom &SdvS\/
va&mifatmufwiG f wa,mxk;d aumif;aeonfEh ,
S f pkid ;f atmifqmonfvnf; q&mr
uav;awGa&SUwGif armfawmfum;armif; aumif;ae[ef wlay\/
rkd;xdatmif jrifhaeonfh&Srf;awmifwef;BuD;rsm;? &Srf;trsKd;orD;olemjyKq&mruav;
rsm;? tDplZlum;BuD;udk armif;aeonfhpkdif;atmifqmESifhpkdif;qkdifarm0f\aw;oHwkdYonf &kyf&Sif
um;wpfum;udk Munfhae&onfhES,f Munfhaumif;aeonf/
]]tkd. . . ajrmufydkif;vrf;. . . rlp,ferfhcrf;vrf;. . . uRefawmfav a&TzDcsdefcg vufzufaygwJh
cg0,f. . . *sDtrfpDvkd um;BuD;rsKd;. . . rEav;bufodkY ukefwifumoGm;w,f. . . vrf;awGu qkd;
qkd;. . . csKdifhawGu aygayg. . . aZmacR;av;rsm; jyefatmifudk armif;w,f. . . wpfcgwpfav ukef
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

149

pdkif;qkdifarm0f\onfoDcsif;udk uRefawmf Mum;zl;onfrSm MumygNyD/ odkY&mwGif omref


oDcsif;wpfy'k rf Qom uRefawmfoabmxm;cJ\
h / ,ck xkv
d rf; xkcd &D;wGif xko
d cD sif;udk Mum;vku
d f
&onfhtcgum; xkdoDcsif;onf vGrf;armzG,f? qGwfysHUzG,f? vIdufzkdzG,faumif;aom oDcsif;
wpfyk'fjzpfvmavonf/ xkdtcgusrS tEkynmwpf&yfudk cHpm;&mwGif cHpm;olbufuvnf;
tawGYtMuKHrnfrQvkdaMumif;udk uRefawmf ykdav;eufpGm oabmaygufvmcJhavonf/ tEk
ynmwpf&yfonf rnfrQaumif;onfqkdap xkdtEkynmudk cHpm;Ekdif&eftwGuf cHpm;olwGif t
awGYtMuKH &SdzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;? tawGYtMuKH&ifhusufonfESifhtrQ xkdtEkynmonf cHpm;olt
zkdY ykd &oajrmufEkdifaMumif;udk uRefawmf oabmaygufvmcJhavonf/
,ck uRefawmfh tawGt
Y MuKHuydk if Munfyh g/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f ra&mufcifuwnf;
u pkdif;qkdifarm0f\oDcsif;udk uRefawmfMum;cJhzl;aomfvnf; rQavmuf t&omrawGYcJhacs/
,ck&rS ;f jynfe,f\&Icif;ESi&hf rS ;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f vrf;wku
Yd kd jrifNyD;rS em;axmif&onft
h cgwGif
pkid ;f qkifd af rm0f\oDcsif;xJrS pmom;rsm;ESit
hf oHonf yd
k <uvmum yd
k o&kyaf y:vmavonf/
reuf 11 em&DcGJwGif uRefawmfwkdYum;wef;onf erfhckdufacsmif;odkY a&mufMuonf/ erfh
cdkufacsmif;um; awmifMum;awGxJrS pD;qif;aeonfh acsmif;uav;wpfckjzpf\/ odkY&mwGif a&
pD;tvGeo
f efNyD; a&rSm at;jrMunfvifvsuf&adS y\/ uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf erfch u
dk af csmif;ab;wGif
xkid u
f m rlp,fu xnfah y;vku
d o
f nfx
h rif;xkyrf sm;ukd ajz pm;Muonf/ erfch u
dk af csmif;wHwm;
ESifherfhcdkufacsmif;udk aemufcHxm;um "mwfykH&kdufMuonf/
erfhckdufacsmif;udk vGefvQif awmifBuD;awGu jrifhonfxuf jrifhvmavonf/ awmBuD;
awGuvnf; xlonfxuf xlvmonf/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif ay 7000 ausmfonf[k od&av
onf/ wpfae&mta&mufwGif uRefawmfwkdYum;onf &yfvkdufavonf/ awmifwef;tjrifhqkH;
ae&mjzpfay\/ xkad e&mrSm a&a0uke;f wef;jzpfNyD; tcsKdUacsmif;rsm;onf ta&SUbufoYkd pD;qif;
vmMuNyD; tcsKdUrSm taemufbuf a&TvDjrpfxJodkY pD;0ifvmMuonf/ ae&modkYa&mufvQif
twufc&D; qkH;avNyD/ aemuf awGYrnfhc&D;rSm tqif;c&D;jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf awmifxdyfrSae atmufu wufvmaom um;rsm;udk &yfapmifhMu
onf/ b,fESxyfvrf;[k rajymEkdifyg/ vrf;csKd;vrf;auGYawG av;ig;&Spfxyfavmuf &Sdrnfxif
ygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYaemufrS vkdufvmonfhum;rsm;onf vrf;auGYawmifwufvrf;awGudk
armBuD;yef;BuD;jzifh auGYywfwufvmMuonf/ um;wef;BuD;udk Munfh&onfrSm a>rBuD;wpf
aumifwufvmonfESifhyif wlawmhonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

csdefrsm;vGef;vkdY av;usKd;&if. . . '&kdifbmtdrfjyefaemufuscJh&w,f}}

150

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

ewfxyd [
f ak c:onfah wmiftjrifq
h ;Hk ae&mwGif um;qko
H nfEiS u
hf RefawmfwYdk um;wef;BuD;
onf qufxGucf ahJ vonf/ a&a0awmifaMumay:wGif twefMumarmif;aeNyD;aemuf awmif
awGukd auGyY wfum wjznf;jznf; qif;vmcJo
h nfwiG f wpfae&mta&muf uRefawmfwaYdk &SUwGif
ESif;jrLawG rIdif; qkdif;aeaom a&TvDjrpf0Srf;udk vSrf;jrifvkduf&onf/
a&TvDjrpf0Srf; odkYr[kwf erfhcrf;vGifjyifBuD;udk jrifvkduf&ykHrSm awmifudk csKd;vkdufNyD; csuf
csif;vSrf;vSrf;jrifvkduf&jcif;jzpfonfhtwGuf uwDyguefYvefYumBuD; qGJzGifhvkdufNyD; aemufcH
&Icif;um;BuD;wpfckudk jrifvkduf&ykHESifhwlaeonf/
a&TvDjrpf0Srf;onf erfhcrf;vGifjyifwpf0kdufwGif 7 rkdifcefYus,fonf[k tqkd&Sdav&m csKdifh
0Sr;f xJtqif;wGif tay:rSp;D jrif&aomvGijf yifBuD;\crf;em;wifw
h ,fy?Hk vSyyku
H pdk mzG&YJ onf
rSm rvG,fyg/
wpfzufwiG f w&kwjf ynfbufrS awmifwef;rsm;u rIid ;f ndKaY eonf/ rIid ;f yk?H jymyk?H ndKUyku
H
aq;om;xlxyl spfyspf/ wpfcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif trIid ;f ? tndK? tjymonf a&moGm;um r&rf;buf
odYk vkomG ;onf/ wpfcsKdUae&mwGif awmifc;dk awG? ESi;f jrLawGu cyfyg;yg; vTr;f xm;onf/ awmif
ajc&if;bufodkYa&mufonfhtcgwGif tjymonf ydk&ifhvm\/ xkdawmtkyfrsm;? cifwef;rsm;?
&Gmrsm;aMumifh tjyma&mifonf odyo
f nf;ap;yspfaejcif;jzpfay\/ awmifajc&if;rS tjyma&mif
qkH;aomtcgwGif pdrf;aeaom v,fuGif;rsm;? pkdufcif;rsm;udk jrif&onf/ awmifxdyfrSae
jrifvkduf&aom v,fuGif;jyifrsm;onf aumfaZmpdrf;BuD;wpfcsyfESifhwlaeonf/ wpfcsKdUae&m
rsm;wGif yd;k csnfprd ;f jzifh yef;xk;d xm;onfEh ,
S f rSeu
f u
l u
G yf aHk wG? &Sn&f n
S af rsmarsm ykaH wG ay:ae
NyD; tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif tpdrf;a&mifxJrS ajrom;eD&J&JawG ay:aeonf/ xkdv,fuGif;awGudk
vGev
f Qif wNidrNhf idrphf ;D aeaoma&TvjD rpfukd jrif&\/ vGijf yifBuD;xJwiG f a&Tvo
D nf zJBudK;uav;
wpfacsmif;udk ypfcsxm;onfhES,f auGYaumuf&pfacGaeonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf awmifcg;yef;wGif um;awG&yfNyD; a&TvDjrpf0Srf; odkYr[kwf erfharmjrpf
0Srf; odkYr[kwf erfhcrf;vGifjyifudk arQmfMunfhrdMuonf/
aMomf. . . a&TvDygwum;/

oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

151

1978 ckESpfavmufwkef;u rkd;rdwfodkY uRefawmf a&mufpOf jrpfqkHteD;wGif a&TvDudk wpf


cgjrifvu
kd &f zl;onf/ xkaYd emuf wpfcgrQ a&TvED iS rhf qkaH wmh/ pifppf uRefawmfwYdk jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f
a&TvDjrpfudk qkHzkdY odyfrvG,fvSyg/ a&TvDac: erfharmjrpfonf w&kwfjynfwpfae&mwGif jrpfzsm;
cHvmcJhNyD; e,fpyfrsOf;aMumif;twkdif; uyf pD;qif;oGm;um erfhcrf;atmufwGif taemuf
ajrmufodkYpD;qif;oGm;NyD;aemuf uomatmufem;wGif {&m0wDodkY pD;0ifav&m a&TvDudkjrifzkdY
awGYzdkYqkdonfrSm wul;wuefYoGm;rS a&mufEkdifjrifEkdifygonf/ a&TvD\tvsm;onf uRefawmf
wkdYjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif rkdif 150 avmufrQom&SdonfhtxJwGif erfhcrf;vGifjyifwpf0dkufwGifrS
ty tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif usOf;ajrmif;NyD; a&pD;oefonfhtwGuf avSorefrsm; oGm;vmjcif;
rjyKEkdifacs/ xkdYaMumifh a&TvDudk awGYzkdY? jrifzkdYqkdonfrSm MuKHawmifhMuKHcJ tcGifhta&;wpf&yfjzpf
ygonf/ a&TvDudk tvG,fwul MunfhEkdifjrifEkdifonfhae&mrSm rlp,f-erfhcrf;vGifjyifwpf0dkuf rkd;
rdwfajrmufbufem;u jrpfqkHwpf0dkufESifhuomNrdKUatmufem;wpf0dkufwGifom jzpfygonf/ t
jcm;ae&mrsm;u oGm;MunfhzkdYqkdonfrSm rvG,fvSyg/
a&TvDac: erfharmjrpf\orkdif;onf crf;em;onfhorkdif;BuD;wpf&yf jzpfygonf/
wpfcgwkef;u xkdae&mwpf0dkufwGif arm&Srf;wkdYonf olwkdY\EkdifiHBuD;udk xlaxmifcJhMu
avonf/ arm&Srf;wkdYonf xkda'owGif rnfonfhtcsdefu pwif0ifa&mufvmcJhMuonfudk rod
Ekid af omfvnf; ]qifwpfp;D jzifh &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f rkid w
f pfaxmifc&D;}qko
d nfh rSww
f rf;udk a&;cJo
h nfh
t*FvdyfvlrsKd; [kdYa[mvufu ]&Srf;wkdYonf a&TvDjrpf0Srf; odkYr[kwf erfharmjrpf0Srf;rSae {&m
0wDjrpf0Srf;vGifjyiftwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmcJhMu[ef &Sdonf/ if;wkdYonf rkdif;armEkdifiHukd wnf
axmifNyD;aemuf ajrmufbuf? taemufbufEiS ahf wmifbufoYkd wjznf;jznf; qif;vmcJMh ujcif;
jzpfonf}[k a&;cJah vonf/ tjcm;ynm&Siw
f pfO;D jzpfonfh ae;tdv,
d yfpu
f rl ]arm&Sr;f wko
Yd nf
c&pfEpS f 7 &mpktv,favmufwiG f armEkid if u
H kd wnfaxmifNyD;jzpfaMumif;}jzifh arm&Sr;f wko
Yd rkid ;f
rSwfwrf;rsm;udk aumufEkwf az:jyoGm;cJhavonf/
rsm;pGmaom &mZ0ifwu
Ydk o
hJ Ykd arm&Sr;f wk\
Yd &mZ0ifonfvnf; '@m&DyjHk yifrsm;jzifh tpjyK
cJhavonf/ ESpfy&dap'Mumanmif;oGm;onfhtcgwGif rnfonfh&mZ0ifrqkd tenf;ESifhtrsm;
'@m&DykHjyifrsm; a&maxG;,SufwifygvmwwfonfrSm "rwmomjzpfygonf/
arm&Srf;wkdY\ykHjyift& wpf&Ha&mtcgwGif vltkdvifr,m;ESpfa,muf&Sd? olwkdYwGif om;
wpfa,muf xGef;um;/ wpfaeY awmxJoGm;pOf e*g;rESifhawGY cspfBudKuf/ tcsdefwef e*g;r
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(27)
a&T v D & k y f y k H v T m

152

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

u OwpfvkH;ay;NyD; om;uav;arG;vQif aumif;pGmjyKpkapmifha&Smufav[k rSmNyD; e*g;jynfodkY


jyefomG ;/ cGet
f o
D nf e*g;ray;cJo
h nfOudk opf&u
G af jcmufawGEiS zhf ;Hk NyD; jyKpkapmifah &Smuf/ tcsdef
wefonhftcgwGif a,musfm;uav;arG;ojzifh oludk cGefwkefcrf;(a&Topf&GufajcmufwkdYjzifharG;
ol)[k trnfrn
S /hf ol t&G,af &mufvmonft
h csdew
f iG f ,leefrS &Sr;f bk&ifwpfyg;\orD;ESiahf wG/Y
bk&ifo
h rD;awmfu uRef;wpfuRef;ay:wGif wpfyifwidk ef ef;ESiahf e/ cGew
f ek cf rf;wGif taru ay;
vkdufonfhBudrfpMum&Sd&m a&jyifudk BudrfpMumjzifh &kdufvkdufonfwGif tar e*g;ray:vmNyD;
wpfyifwkdifeef;odkYa&mufatmif wHwm;qufay;/ wGif cGefwkefcrf;ESifhrif;orD;wkdY vufxyf/
xkdYaemufwGif ,leef&Srf;bk&ifu orufESifhorD;udk ppfwyfrsm;jzihf jcH&Hvsuf erfharmjrpf0Srf;xd
atmifvkdufydkY/ jyefa&mufvQif eef;awmfBuD;wpfaqmifudk aqmuf armEdkifiHudk xlaxmif/
onfrmS ,cktcsdew
f iG f &Sm r&awmhNyD[k tqk&d adS om arm&Sr;f wk\
Yd ayyk&yku
d rf sm;xJ
rS awG&Y onfrh w
S w
f rf;udk ae;tdv,
d yfpu
f jyefvnfazmufonfcsxm;onf'h @m&DyjHk yifjzpfonf/
xk'd @m&DjzpfymG ;aomtcsderf mS c&pfEpS f 763 ckEpS jf zpfonf[k rSww
f rf;rsm;xJwiG f qkx
d m;
ojzifh w&kwfjynfbufu eef;ausmufEdkifiHrS 0dkifavm&Srf;rif;? udkvkHzefY eef;wufNyD; 15 ESpft
Mum jzpfonf[k orkdif;q&mwkdYu ,lqonfhtwGuf arm&Srf;rif;om;wkdYonf eef;ausmufEdkifiH
rS ikid af vm&Sr;f rif;orD;rsm;ESiv
hf ufqufMuonfrmS jzpfEidk af Mumif;jzifh ygum;? ul;&Si;f ? aumhu
&def;ponfhynm&SifwkdYu ,lqMuonf/
arm&Srf;wkdY\tpESifhywfouf aemufxyf '@m&Dwpfck &Sdao;onf/
wpfcgu w&kwfrif;orD;wpfOD;onf rsufpduG,fojzifh olYudk azmifay:wif a&arQm
vdkufonfqkd\/ urf;odkYa&mufonfhtcgwGif xkdrif;orD;onf usm;jzLwpfaumifESifhawGUum
usm;ESifhvufquf/ om;av;a,muf&? om;av;a,mufudk armEkdifiH csJUxGif&ef e,fopfy,f
opft&Smcdkif;/ xdkYaemuf arm&Srf;wkdY\EkdifiHukd xlaxmifonf[k '@m&DwGif qkd\/
arm&Srf;wkdYonf csif;wGif;jrpftxufydkif; cED;ponfwkdYtxd aemufykdif; MoZmysHUESHYvm
cJhaMumif;udk awGY&Sd&onfhtwGuf xkd'@m&DwGifvnf; orkdif;tcsuftvufrSef wpfpdwfwpfykdif;
ygonf[k orkdif;ynm&SifwkdYu ,lqMuonf/
arm&Sr;f orkid ;f ynm&Sif ae;tdv,
d yfp\
f tqkt
d & c&pfEpS f 1220 ckEpS w
f iG f eef;wufonfh
odck efzonf arm&Sr;f rif;wkw
Yd iG f bke;f wefc;dk tBuD;qk;H rif;jzpfonf[k qkad vonf/ okcd efzonf
teD;wpf0u
dk &f dS &Sr;f jynfe,f e,fy,frsm;tm;vk;H udk wku
d cf u
dk o
f rd ;f ,lNyD;aemuf ajrmufbufwiG f
,leefzl;e,ftxdvnf;aumif;? awmifbufwGif vmtkdESifhuarm'D;,m;wkdYtxdvnf;aumif;
oD[&wempmay

wkdufckduf odrf;,lcJhonf[k qkdavonf/ arm&Srf;&mZ0ifESHYpyfaeol ae;tdvd,yfpf\tqkdt&


odkcefzonf ta&SUbufjynfe,frsm;udk odrf;,lNyD;aemuf &ckdif? rPdyl&ESifhtmoHjynfe,frsm;
ukv
d nf; wku
d cf u
dk o
f rd ;f ydu
k cf o
hJ nf[k qko
d nf/ odck efzonf 1273 ckEpS w
f iG f uG,v
f eG &f m arm&Sr;f
wkdY\&mZ0ifwGif wefckd;tBuD;qkH;rif;jzpfonf[k qkdMuavonf/
aemufydkif;wGif arm&Srf;wkdY\tiftm;onf enf;oxuf enf;vmcJhum 16 ESpf&mpkukef
cgeD;wGif arm&Srf;wkdY\EkdifiHonf ysufjym;usqkH;cJhvsuf arm&Srf;wkdY\NrdKUawmf rkdif;armonf
vnf; wjznf;jznf; wdrfaumcJh&avonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fwGif arm&Srf;wkdY\EkdifiHysufjyKef;onf
wGif oD;jcm;wkdif;jynfxmifrsm;? EkdifiHi,frsm; ay:aygufvmcJhavonf/
uRefawmfonf 7 &mpktv,frS 16 &mpktv,fxd xGef;um;cJhonfherfharmac: a&TvD
jrpf0rS ;f rS arm&Sr;f wk\
dY Ekid if u
H kd arQmfreS ;f Munfrh o
d nf/ a&TvjD rpf0rS ;f ac: arm&Sr;f wk\
Yd Ekid if o
H nf
ta&SUbufwGifa&m taemufbufwGifyg awmifwef;wkdY umqD;vsuf&SdonfhtwGuf obm0wH
wkid ;f BuD;rsm; um&Hxm;onhEf ,
S f vkjH cKHonf/ tv,fwiG f erfah rmjrpfac: a&TvjD rpfp;D qif;vsuf
&SdonfhcsKdifh0Srf;vGifjyifBuD;jzpfNyD; ajrMoZmaumif;onf/ &moDOwkaumif;onf/ aumufyJoD;
ESH jzpfxeG ;f onf/ awmifawGywfvnf umxm;onf
h csKdi0hf rS ;f vGijf yifxrJ aS e ,Ofaus;rIBuD;
wpf&yf Ekid if w
H pfcu
k kd xlaxmifEidk cf o
hJ nfqv
dk Qif armwkaYd 'oonf tpmqefa& jynfph v
Hk aHk vmuf
onfha'ojzpfNyD; arm&Srf;wkdYonfvnf; ZGJvkYHvBuD;onfhvlrsKd;jzpfaMumif;udk tvG,fwulcefY
rSef;Ekdifonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf awmifwef;awGudk ausmfNyD; bGm;ceJ jrifvkduf&onfherfharmvGifjyif
BuD;\tvSudk ai;MunfhaerdMuavonf/
rkdif;armNrdKUudk A[kdjyKaomerfharmvGifjyifonf vGrf;armzG,f aumif;aeavonf/

(28)
awmif y 0gyef ; ES i f h j rif ; [D o H
erfharmvGifjyifac: a&TvDcsKdifh0Srf;onf wlwlykef;&mrS bGm;ceJ ay:vmovkd awmifBuD
awGMum;xJrSm bGm;ceJ ay:vmcJhonf[k wpfae&mwGif uRefawmf ajymcJhygonf/ onfrSm
pum;Oyrm wifpm;ajymjcif;r[kwfyg/ awmifawGay:rSm avQmufoGm;&if; taemufbuf
odkY qif;vmcJh awmifapmif;ay:&Sd rmefatmifqkdonfhyavmif&Gmuav;wpf&Gmta&mufwGif
awmifajc&if;rS a&TvDcsKdifh0Srf;udk wpf0ef;wpfvsm;BuD;jrifvkduf&ojzifh xkdokdYajym&jcif; jzpfyg
onf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

153

154

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf awmifapmif;wGi&f o
dS nfh rmefatmif&mG ESiahf emufu a&TvcD sKdi0hf rS ;f vGif
jyifBuD;udk aemufausmcHNyD; "mwfykH&kdufMuonf/ ygvmolrsm;tm;vkH;onf wpfpkwpfa0;&kduf
Mu\/ tpkvkduf tpkvkdufvnf; &kdufMu\/ xkdYaMumifh awmifapmif;wGif uRefawmfwkdY twef
Mum c&D;zifhoGm;cJhMuavonf/ rmefatmif&Gmwpf0dkufrS vSrf;jrif&aom a&TvD\&Icif;rSm om
,mvSonfhtwGuf xkdae&mudk &Icif;om[k trnfay;xm;Muavonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf &Icif;omrS wjznf;jznf; qif;cJMh u\/ tqif;jzpf um;rsm;udk jznf;
jznf;qif;Mu&onf/ &Icif;omu qif;vmcJhonfhtcgwGif armfawmfum;onf awmawGMum;
xJodkY jyefa&mufoGm;ojzifh a&TvDcsKdifh0Srf;vGifjyifBuD;udk rjrif&awmh/ tcsKdUae&muav;rsm;
udkom wpfydkif;wpfp jrif&awmhonf/ cyfapmapmu &Icif;omrSm &yfMunfhcJhMuwkef;u erfhcrf;
NrdKUudk jrif&ao;onf/ od&Yk mwGif ,ckawmifawGMum;rSm a&mufonft
h cgwGif erfch rf;NrdKUukv
d nf;
aumif;aumif;rjrif&awmhacs/ odkY&mwGif awmifajcokdY qif;vmcJhonfESifhtrQ awmonf w
jznf;jznf; yg;vmcJhavNyD/ awmtkyfawGMum;xJrS ,mcif;uav;rsm;udk uGufwduGufusm;
pjrifvm&onf/ wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif opfom;jcHpnf;&kd;uav;awG caemf ceJY umxm;onfh
,muGuu
f av;rsm;? pdu
k cf if;uav;rsm;udk jrif&pjyKojzifh vlaetdraf jcESiehf ;D vmNyDjzpfaMumif;
udk odomEkdifay\/
uRefawmfwkdY ,mOfwef;BuD;onf wtdtdjzifh atmufodkY qif;vmcJhavonf/ auGYwpf
auGYudk csKd;vkdufNyD; atmufokYd qif;vkdufonfESifh erfhcrf;NrdKUxJodkY csufcsif;a&mufoGm;av\/
erfah rmvGijf yifukd awmifawGaemufwiG f &kww
f &ufjrifvu
dk &f ouJo
h Ykd erfch rf;NrdKUudv
k nf; awmif
awGMum;xJwGif rxifbJESifhcsufcsif;awGYvkduf&jcif; jzpfyg\/ erfhcrf;onf awmifajc&if;wGif
uyf wnfxm;onfhNrdKU jzpfonfhtwGuf NrdKUxJodkY csufcsif;a&mufoGm;jcif; jzpfay\/
erfhcrf; odkYr[kwf erf;crf;/
uRefawmfwkdYurl vG,fvG,fjzifh erf;crf;[k ac:vkdufMu\/ &Srf;wkdYurl ]]erfhcrf;}}[kXmef
usus ac:Muavonf/ erfhcrf;udk olwkdYtoHxGuf&m ]erfh}wGif yg;pyfydwfNyD; toHjzwfvkduf
um ]crf;}wGif toHudk jyefzGifhvkdufNyD; vTwfqkdvkdufavonf/ uAsmwpfyk'frS e&DuJhodkY rsm;pGm
okwdom,mjzpfonfhtoHaywnf;/
erfhcrf;rSm erfh=a&? crf;=a&T[k t"dyg,f&\/ wpfenf;ajym&vQif ]a&T&nf}[k teuf
xGuaf vonf/ onfem;wpf0u
kd w
f iG f erf=h a&qko
d nfah 0g[m&ukd a&Smifr&/ acsmif;awG ajrmif;
awG aygonfhae&m jzpfav&m xkda'owpf0kdufrS NrdKUtrnf? &Gmtrnf? acsmif;trnfrsm;onf
]erfh}qkdonfhpum;vkH;ESifha&Smif rvGwfEkdif/
oD[&wempmay

,ckyif Munfhyg/ erfharmjrpf? erfhcrf;NrdKU ponfha0g[m&awGudk uRefawmfwkdY Mum;aeMu


&onf/ xkdrQru erfhcrf;NrdKUteD; erfharmac:a&TvDjrpfxJodkY pD;0ifaomacsmif;rBuD; okH;oG,f
&SdonfwGif ,if;wkdY\trnfrsm;rSmvnf; erfhqkdonfhtrnfonf wGJvsufygaeavonf/ ,if;
wkdYrSm erfhcrf;azmifacsmif;? erfhq&D;acsmif;ESifherfhracsmif;wkdY jzpfonf/ xkdokH;oG,fteuf erfh
crf;azmifacsmif;rSm &Srf;trnfjzpfNyD; t"dyg,frSm ]a&TrIefacsmif;}[kt"dyg,f&\/ erfhq&D;
acsmif;rSm ucsifemrnfjzpfavonf/ ucsifbmomtm;jzifh erfhrSm ]awm}[k t"dyg,fxGufNyD;
q&D;rSm ]&S&D}rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfNyD; t"dyg,frSm ]awmify0gyif}[kt"dyg,fxGufavonf/
uRefawmfu awmify0gyifqkdonfhtyifudk ar;onfhtcg a'ocHrsm;u azG;azG;vIyfatmif yGifh
aeMuaom aygif;jrufyef;rsm;udk vufnKd ;xk;d jyMuonf/ av,l&m wdr;f aeonfah ygif;jrufyef;
awmBuD;udk ta0;rS Munfh&onfrSm awmifapmif;wGif ydk;y0gBuD;awG vGifhaeonfESifhwlonfh
twGuf awmify0gyef;[kac:aMumif; od&onf/ xdyfwef;uAsmpmqkdwkdY\uAsmPfESifh&kd;pGJ
vkdufaom aus;vufvlxk\edrdwfykHwpfck jzpfygonf/
aemufacsmif;wpfc\
k trnfrmS erfrh acsmif; jzpfavonf/ erfrh mS ]a&}jzpfNyD;? r rSm ]jrif;}
[kt"dyg,fxGufavonf/ a&pD;oefojzifh acsmif;usvQif jrif;[DoHygaomaMumifh xkdemrnf
wGifjcif; jzpfonf[k od&avonf/
erfhcrf;rSm jrefrmou&mZf 1107 ckESpfwGif wnfonfh&Gmuav;jzpfavonf/ xkdESpf
avmufwGif a&TvDjrpf&kd;odkY usm;jzLwpfaumif 0ifvmNyD; xkde,frS vlaetdrfajcrsm;udk apmifh
a&SmufonfhtwGuf xkda'owpf0dkufwGif pnfum;vmcJhonf[kqkd\/ erfhcrf;udk ]ydef;erfhcrf;}
[kvnf;ac:Muonf/ a&T&nfNrdKU[k t"dyg,fxGufavonf/ jrefrmou&mZf 1255 ckESpf t*F
vdyfou&mZf 1893 ckESpf erfhcrf;odkY omoemjyKtzGJYrsm; yxrqkH;a&mufvmcJhonf[k od&av
onf/

(29)
wpfzufu ormusrf;pm? wpfzufu cGJpdwf"m;
erfhcrf;odkY yxrqkH;a&mufvmonfhc&pf,mef omoemjyKyk*KdvfrSm tkdif;&pfvlrsKd;q&m
0efa'gufwm[m;yg;jzpfavonf/ a'gufwm[m;yg;um; bk&ifhtkdif;&pfwyfrawmf e,fapmifh
wyfwiG f trIxrf;cJo
h nf/ aemifwiG f uae'gjynf&dS bk&ift
h aemufajrmufjrif;pD;ykvyd w
f yfzw
YJG iG f
trIxrf;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf q&m0efjzpfum omoemjyKwpfa,muftjzpf erfhcrf;odkYa&mufvm
cJhjcif; jzpfavonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

155

156

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

a'gufwm[m;yg;rSm vlaumifBuD;BuD; um,Avaumif;aumif; tvGeftMurf;ywrf;


cHEdkifonf[kqkdonf/ ol erfhcrf;odkY a&mufNyD; rMumrDwGif apm&efEkdifwkdY? apm&efykdifwkdY acgif;
aqmifaom jrefrmolykefwkdYu rlp,fvGifjyifudk odrf;vkdufonfhta&;tcif;ESifhMuKH&onf/
olykefwkdYu olYtdrfukd 0dkif;wkdufonfhtcgwGif olYtem;odkY ysm;aumif0Jovkd usnfqHawG
w0D0D ysHoef;aeMuykH? olYpmtkyfpifwGif usnfqH&mawG qefcgaygufjzpfaeMuykH? awmxJwGif
jrif;pD;vmcJh&m wmvrf;tauGYav;wpfckwGif qif&kdif;BuD;wpfaumifESifhawGYojzifh jrif;vefYNyD;
olYudk cgcsxGufajy;onfwGif qif&kdif;ab;rS tEkdifEkdifxGufajy;cJh&ykH? jrif;ay:rS usojzifh oGif
oGifusKd;aomvufESpfzufudk &ifcGifwGifydkufum rkdif 60 avmufa0;onfhaq;ay;pcef;uav;
wpfckodkY ajcvsifavQmufvmcJh&ykHwkdYudk a'gufwm[m;yg; rMumcP ajymwwfonf/
a'gufwm[m;yg;onf tHhzG,fo&JwkdYudkvnf; vkyfjyEkdifonf/ tvGefav;onfhopfom;
ukvm;xkdifBuD;wpfvkH;udk oGm;jzifhudkufNyD; acgif;ay:rS ausmf aemufjyefypfEkdifonf/ uif;NrD;
aumuf axmifjy&if; a&wpfzvm;ukefatmif wusKdufusKduf aomufEkdfifavonf/
a'gufwm[m;yg;cEmudk,f MuHhckdifykH? ol tMurf;ywrf;cHEkdifykH? ol um,AvxGm;usKdif;
ykHwkdYudk uRefawmf tus,fw0ifh ajymae&jcif;rSm tjcm;aMumifhr[kwfyg/
erfhcrf;onf xkdpOfu &Gmi,fuav; wpf&GmrQom jzpfcJh\/ ,ckvkd NrdKUr[kwfao;/ ,ck
vkd vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; raumif;ao;/ ,ckvdk jrefrmEkdifiHwGif taumif;qkH;aq;&kHwpf&kH[k
ajym&rnfhaq;&kHrsKd; r&Sdao;/ xkdpOfu erfhcrf;onf tvGefacgif tvGefacsmifusonfhurmh
axmifph eG ;f rS ae&mav;wpfck jzpf\/ urmay:wGif iSuzf sm;a&m*gtjzpfymG ;qk;H ae&mwpfcjk zpf
\/ vlolta&muftaygufenf;onfhwu,fhawmBuD;rsufrnf;jzpfonf/
a'gufwm[m;yg;vkd tHhzG,fo&Jrsm;udk vkyfjyEkdifol? udk,fum,MuHhckdifol? pdwf"mwfjyif;
xefol? ,kHMunfcsuf ckdifrmolrsm;omvQif xkdodkYaom ae&mrsKd;odkY oGm;a&muftajcwus ae
xkid Ef idk af yvdrrhf nf/ omrefu,
kd v
f ufMuHch idk o
f rl sKd;? omrefpw
d "f mwfMuHch ikd o
f rl sKd;? omref,MHk unf
csufMuHhckdifolrsKd;wkdYoGm; aeEkdifrnf rxifyg/
aemifwGif a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf olYae&mukd qufcHcJhavonf/ a'gufwmqD;*a&U\
trsKd;rsm;tm;vk;H avmufrmS jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f c&pf,mefomoemjyKrsm; jzpfcMhJ uonf/ qD;*a&U
\taz? tbkd;ESifhtab;wkdYonf jrefrmEkdifiHodkY a&mufvmum u&iftrsKd;om;rsm;Mum;wGif
{0H*vdomoemjyKrsm; jzpfcMhJ uavonf/ a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf tar&duefjynfaxmifpw
k iG f
arG;cJhaomfvnf; t*Fvdyfpum;udk rajymwwfrDuwnf;uyif u&ifbmompum;udk ajymwwf
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

157

1922 ckEpS f a'gufwmqD;*a&U erfch rf;odYk a&mufvmonft


h cgwGif aq;&kt
H aqmufttkH
aumif;aumif;r&S/d ckwif 20 cefo
Y m&So
d nfo
h pfom;taqmufttku
H av;om jzpfonf/ aq;
&kHu npfywfeHapmfvsuf/ Murf;jyifwGif aoG;awG? jynfawGu pdk&TJaeonf/ aq;&kHeH&HwGif uGrf;
aoG;awG pGef;aeonf/ jywif;aygufaygifrsm;wGif ESyfnpfNyD; okwfxm;Muonf/ a'gufwmqD;
*a&Uonf a&mufa&mufcsif; &Srf;pum; oifonf/ okH;vavmuf oifvkdufonfhtcgwGif &Srf;
bmomjzifh {0H*vdw&m;udk aumif;aumif; a[mEkdifavNyD/ qD;*a&Uu You have to sing Shan,
not speak it. &Srf;pum;udk ]ajymonf}[k ra&;/ ]oDqkdonf}[ka&;cJhavonf/
a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf a&mufNyD; rMumrD olYvkyfief;udk ponf/ olYt"duvkyfief;um;
omoemjyKvkyfief; jzpfavonf/ aq;ukonfhvkyfief;rSm omoemjyKvkyfief;twGuf t
axmuftul,lonfhenf;vrf;wpf&yfrQom jzpfavonf/ a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf w&m;a[m
tzGiYJ ,fwpfcu
k kd zGo
YJ nf/ xkaYd emuf jrif;wpfaumifay:wGif aq;ypn;f rsm;udk wifonf/ odjYk zifh
wpfzufwGif ormusrf;pmudk udkifum wpfzufwGif aq;xkd;tyfudk udkif&if; &GmpOfvSnfhonf/
&Gmwpf&GmodkYa&mufvQif olBuD;rSwpfqifh &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;ukd armif;xk vlpkcdkif;NyD; a&m*gwkdY
udk ukay;onf/ vkdtyfonfhaq;0g;wkdYudk a0iSay;onf/ xkdYaemufwGif xkdvlpkukd c&pf,mef
w&m;a[mjcif; jzpfavonf/
odkYwkdif awmifay:om;rsm;onf aq;0g;udkvnf;aumif;? c&pf,mefbmomudkvnf;
aumif; ,kHMunfjcif; r&Sdao;/ &Gmwpf&GmodkY ta&muftqkwf qefcgaygufusaeaom tqkwf
a&m*gonfwpfOD; olYukd vmjy prf;oyfMunfhvkdufonfhtcgwGif tajctaeraumif;awmh/
a'gufwmqD;*a&Uu olUtwGuf bmrQrwwfEkdifawmhaMumif;? xkdtqkwfjzifhqkdvQif xkdvlrSm
aemufwpfEpS o
f m cHEidk af wmhaMumif;jzifh ajymvku
d o
f nf/ aemufwpfEpS rf jynfrh D wpf&uftvkw
d iG f
xkdvlemonf tqkwfa&m*gjzifh uG,fvGefoGm;cJhavonf/ xkdtcsdefrSp a'gufwmqD;*a&U\
*kPfowif;onf ausmfMum;vmcJhonf[k qkdygonf/ onfrSm aq;ruk&bJ &vkdufaomem
rnfaumif; jzpf\/
aq;uk &onfh emrnfaumif;vnf; &Sdygonf/ wpfaeYwGif vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gjzpfae
ol ucsiftrsKd;om;BuD;wpfa,muf olYxH a&mufvmavonf/ a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf olYrdef;
rukd arhaq;ay;ckdif;um xkdvnfyif;BuD;a&m*grS tusdwfBuD;udk cGJpdwfjzwfawmuf xkwfay;
vkdufonf/ cGJpdwfNyD;onfhtcgwGifvnf; olYudk aemuf&ufaygif;rsm;pGm tdyf&mxJ vSJaezkdYvkd
aMumif;? xkdodkYvSJaejcif;rjyKvQif vnfyif;jywf acgif;jyKwfusEkdifaMumif; ajymvdkufonf/
vlemu q&m0efajymonfhpum;udk ol em;vnfaMumif;ajym\/ a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf arm
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

cJhjcif; jzpfavonf/

158

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

armyef;yef;ESifha&rkd;csKd; reufpm pm;NyD; em&D0ufcefYtMum atmufodkYjyefqif;vmaomtcg


ikwfwkwfxkdifaeaom vlrrmudk awGY&onf/ aemufwpfaeYwGif ucsiftrsKd;om;rsm;\c&pf
,meftpnf;ta0;&So
d jzifh NrdKUxJoYkd tpnf;ta0;oGm;wufonfwiG f xrif;awGukd tm;&yg;&
pm;aeonfv
h rl rmudk awG&Y avonf/ bmrQrjzpf/ q&m0efu,
kd w
f idk u
f tdy&f mxJwiG f &ufaygif;
rsm;pGm tem;,l&ef twefwefrSmvkdufaomfvnf; cGJpdwfNyD; aemufwpfaeYwGif vlaumif;wpf
a,mufvdk oGm;vmaeonfv
h rl rmudk awG&Y ojzifh a'gufwmqD;*a&UrSm rsm;pGm tHt
h m;oifv
h suf
&Sdonf/
xkt
d Budro
f nf jrefrmEdik if aH jrmufyidk ;f ESi&hf rS ;f jynfe,fwiG f vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gukd yxrqk;H
tBudrf atmifjrifpGm cGJpdwfjzwfawmufEkdifcJhjcif; jzpfavonf/ xkdtcsdefrSp &Srf;jynfe,f
ajrmufydkif;rS ucsiftrsKd;om;rsm;? &Srf;trsKd;om;rsm;? yavmiftrsKd;om;rsm;? vDa&SmtrsKd;
om;rsm;onf a'gufwmqD;*a&U\ukoEkdifpGrf;udk ,kHMunfvmcJhum a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf
awmifay:om;rsm;Mum;wGif MoZmBuD;onfhq&m0efwpfa,muf jzpfvmcJhavonf/
a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf erfhcrf;wGif cGJpdwfukorIrsm;udk jyKvkyfae&aomfvnf; olYwGif
cGJpdwfukoud&d,mqkd bmrQaumif;aumif; ygonf r[kwf/ jrefrmjynfudk rvmcifwkef;u
tar&duefjynfaxmifpk aq;&kHwpf&kHwGif tvkyfvkyfpOf cGJpdwfcef;tkyfu usKd;yJha[mif;EGrf;ae
onfhcGJpdwfud&d,mrsm;udk trIdufjcif;wpfvkH;xJwGif xnfhNyD; vTifhypfawmhrnfjyKpOf xkdjcif;
awmif;ESifhwuG ypnf;rsm;udk awmif;vmcJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh a'gufwmqD;*a&Uu olYcGJpdwfrI
vkyfief;udk ]]trIdufjcif; cGJpdwfukorI}}[k ac:cJhavonf/
cGpJ w
d
f om;zGm;ay;&aomfvnf; olw
Y iG f "mwfreS rf &S/d qD;tdru
f kd cGpJ w
d af y;&aomfvnf;
olYwGif qkdufpwkdpukwfr&Sd/ vQyfppf"mwftm; r&Sd/ temusufatmif uyf&onfhaumfwm&Dnyf
r&Sd/ awGY&m oHacsmif;udk aumufNyD; nyfvkyf&onf/ wpfcgwpf&H aq;yif r&Sd/ &&maq;ukd
okH;&onf/ aq;&kH[k trnfwyfum vlrrmawGudk ac:xm;&onfhwkdif ud&d,mtoifhtwifh
rQ&SdonfhtaqmufttkH r&Sd/
a'gufwmqD;*a&U\aemuftcuftcJwpfcrk mS olaY q;&kw
H iG f trIxrf;r&Sjd cif;jzpfonf/
aq;&kHwpfckvkH; ajy; a&vkdufrS olESifholYrdef;rwkdYtjyif u&iftrsKd;om; q&m0efuav;wpf
a,mufEiS &hf efuek w
f iG f wpfEpS f olemjyKoifwef; wufczhJ ;l onfo
h el mjyKq&mruav;wpfa,muf
pkpkaygif; 4 a,mufom &Sdonf/
xkdYaMumifh a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf ucsif? &Srf;? vDa&Sm? yavmifponfhawmifay:olt
rsKd;orD;rsm;udk pkpnf;um olemjyKoifwef;ay;&onf/ tcuftcJ? tusyftwnf;awGMum;
oD[&wempmay

xJrS oifwef;vmcJMh u&aomaMumifah vm rod/ aemifwiG f a'gufwmqD;*a&U\olemjyKrsm;onf


jrefrmEdkifiHaq;avmuwGif emrnfausmfvmcJhMuonf/ olYaq;oifwef;onfvnf; tpdk;&t
odtrSwfjyK cHcJh&NyD;aemuf olYolemjyKoifwef;onfvnf; emrnfausmfoifwef;wpfck jzpfvm
cJhum xkdacwfu olemjyKq&mrrsm; arQmfrSef;cJhMuonfholemjyKwuokdvfBuD; jzpfcJhavonf/
olemjyKq&mroifwef;rsm; zGifhaeonfhwkdif olwkdYwGif taqmufttkHaumif;aumif;
r&Sdao;/ aq;&kHuvnf; a'gufwm[m;yg;vufxufaqmufcJhonfhopfom;taqmufttkH/
a'gufwmqD;*a&Uu aq;&kHwpf&kHonf ppfwyfwpfwyfuJhodkY pnf;urf;&Sd&rnf/ cGJpdwf
wefqmyvmrsm;? aq;0g;rsm;onf aq;&kw
H pf&w
Hk iG f ta&;BuD;ouJo
h Ydk trdeu
Yf kd vku
d ef mrI? pnf;
urf;ao0yfrIwkdYonfvnf; ta&;BuD;onfht&mrsm;jzpfonf[k ,lqonf/ olemjyKoifwef;
wufolrsm;tm; yxrqkH;vkdufem&ef xkwfjyefonfhtrdefYrSm El;nHhodrfarGY&ef jzpfonf/ olemjyK
q&mrwpfa,mufonf El;nHh&rnf/ odrfarGY&rnf/ csKdom&rnf/ aysmhaysmif;&rnf/ xkdtcsuf
rsm;onf tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ vlema&m*gaysmufuif;a&; odkYr[kwf oufoma&;wGif t
a&;BuD;onfhtpdwftydkif;rS yg0ifonf[k a'gufwmqD;*a&U ,lqonf/ vlemrsm;ESifhqufqH
&mwGif wpfcg&kdif;pkdif;rdvQif xkdolemjyKq&mronf aemifwGifvnf; tusifhygoGm;um &kdif;pdkif;
oGm;wwfonf[k ,lqonfhtwGuf oifwef;wufNyDqkduwnf;u xkdtcsufudk txl;*&kpdkuf
pnf;urf;xkwfxm;onf/ ywfwD;pnf;ay;&mwGif odkYr[kwf vlemrsm;udk jyKpk&mwGif El;nHh
csKdompGm qufqHjcif; rjyKonfholemjyKrsm;udk jyif;xefpGm ta&;,lwwfonf/
a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf odkYjzifh olemjyKoifwef;udk zGifhum olemjyKrsm;udk arG;xkwf
Ekdifaomfvnf; olYwGif olemjyKrsm; aexkdif&ef taqmufttkH aumif;aumif;r&Sdao;/ aq;&kH
taqmufttkH aumif;aumif; r&Sdao;/ a'gufwm[m;yg;vufxufu usefcJhonfhtaqmuf
ttkHa[mif;BuD;om &Sdonf/
xkdYaMumifh aq;&kHtaqmufttkHopfwpfaqmif aqmufcsifaeonf/
jrefrmEkid if &H rS ;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f odYk ol a&mufNyD; 5 ESpcf t
JG Mum erfch rf;aq;&ku
H kd yxr
qkH;wnfaxmifcJhol a'gufwm[m;yg;uG,fvGefonf/ wGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk 'ufx
&GKdufNrdKU&Sd omoema&;tzGJYtpnf;trsm;u a'gufwm[m;yg;ukd atmufarh*kPfjyKaomtm;
jzifh ckwif 100 yg aq;&kw
H pf&aHk qmuf&ef a'gufwmqD;*a&Uudk a':vmESpaf omif;xkwaf y;vku
d f
onf/
wu,faqmufrnfjyKonfhtcgwGif xkdaiGESifhrvkHavmufawmh/ xdkYaMumifh a'gufwm
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

159

160

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

qD;*a&Uonf oludk,fwkdif BuD;Muyfum aq;&kHBuD;wpf&kHudk aqmufcJhonf/ aiGukef oufomap


&eftwGuf olYaq;&kHudk ausmufwkH;BuD;rsm;jzifh aqmuf&ef pdwful;onf/ ausmufwkH;BuD;rsm;
twGuf p&dwfpuukefrnfudk pkd;&drfp&m taMumif;r&Sd/ a&TvDjrpfurf;ajcwGif ausmufwkH;awG
'kESifha';/ odkYjzifh qD;*a&Uonf a&TvDjrpfxJrS ausmufwkH;BuD;rsm;udk o,fNyD; aq;&kHaqmuf
onf/ pifppf olYwGif vuform;ynmudk wwfonf r[kwf/ aq;ausmif;wkef;uvnf; tdrf
aqmufzkdY t*Fawpyf&ef rajymESifh? oGm;zmzkdY t*Fawudkyif b,fvkdpyf&onfqkdonfudk oifcJh
&onfr[kwf/ okdY&mwGif a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf aqmuf&if; aqmuf&if;jzifh tdrfaqmufwwf
oGm;onf/ wefaygif;rsm;pGmaom ausmufwkH;rsm;udk a&TvDjrpfxJrS o,f,lNyD;aemuf tjcm;
aom taqmufttkyH pn;f rsm;udk vm;&I;d odu
Yk ,
dk w
f idk o
f mG ; o,f&onf/ xkpd Ofu jrefrmvrf;
rBuD;udk aumif;pGmrazmuf&ao;/ wu,fhvrf;rBuD; jzpfonf/ a'gufwmqD;*a&UwkdY vifr
,m;onf um;udk wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpDarmif;um reuft&kPfwufwGif erfhcrf;rS xGufvmcJh
Mu&onf/ rkid f 130 a0;onf vm;&I;d udk nae 3 em&DavmufrS a&mufMuonf/ a&muf ypn;f
rsm;udk wifNyD;vQif wpfa,mufwpfvSnfh nvkH;aygufarmif;vmMuonf/ olYrdef;ru armif;NyD;
olu t*FawtdwfawGay:rSm tdyfvkdufvmonf/ wpfae&mta&mufwGif olYrdef;ronf uRdceJ
jrnfatmif b&dwfudk wtm;eif;NyD; &yfvkdufavonf/ aemufwGif tdyfvsufygvmonfha'guf
wmqD;*a&U acgif;ay:odkY bdvyfajrtdwfawG NydKusvmonf/ ]]usm;BuD;. . . usm;BuD;. . . vrf;
v,faumifrSm ikwfwkwfBuD; xkdifaew,f/ ypfyg}}[k olYrdef;ru atmfonf/ odkY&mwGif xkdusm;
udk rypfvu
dk &f yg/ a'gufwmqD;*a&Uu ypf&efcwf&ef jyifqifaepOf usm;onf vrf;ab;odq
Yk if;
oGm;avonf/
odkYjzifh a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf wpfzufwGif ormusrf;pmudk udkifum wpfzufwGif cGJ
pdwf"m;udk ukdifvsuf &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;odkY vma&mufaexkdifoGm;cJhonfrSm vGwfvyfa&;
&NyD;onfhaemufydkif;txd jzpfavonf/
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;onfhaemufydkif;wGif a'gufwmqD;*a&Utm; tpkd;&u jynfwGif;EkdifiH
a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufcJhonfqkdum jynfESif'Pfay;cJhavonf/
uRefawmfonf a'gufwmqD;*a&U\EkdifiHa&;? a'gufwmqD;*a&U\bmomukd;uG,frI
ESiyhf wfouf bmrQrajymvkyd g/ od&Yk mwGif awmifay:om;rsm;Mum;odYk oGm;a&mufum aq;uk
ay;cJhaom a'gufwmqD;*a&U\pGefYvTwftepfemcHrI? tyifyef;cHEkdifrI? udk,fhtm;udk,fukd;um
&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif urmausmfaq;&kHBuD;wpfck wnfaxmifEkdifcJhaomolYBudK;pm;tm;
xkwfrIwkdYudkum; uRefawmfwkdY q&m0efrsm; tm;usxkduf? twk,lxkdufonfom jzpfygonf/
q&maumif;qkdonfrSm rdrdxuf awmfonfhwynfhrsm; arG;xkwfay;EkdifrS q&maumif;jzpfonf
qkdonfh0g'udk vufudkifjyKaom a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf ]qD;*a&U\jrefrmolemjyKtrsKd;orD;
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

161

odkYuvkd a'gufwmqD;*a&UtaMumif; awG;aepOf uRefawmfwkYd ,mOfwef;BuD;onf erfh


crf;NrdKUwGif;odkY 0ifcJhavonf/
tkd. . . ajrmufydkif;vrf;? rlp,f-erfhcrf;vrf;. . . /

(30)
erfhcrf; pmqkdawm a[majymyGJ
erfch rf;NrdKUrS vlBuD;rsm;onf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd jynfoaYl q;&kBH uD;(a'gufwmqD;*a&Uaqmuf
cJhonfhaq;&kHBuD;)wGif ae&mcsay;\/ trsKd;orD;q&m0efrsm;ESifholemjyKq&mrrsm;udk trsKd;
orD; olemjyKaqmifBuD;wpfckwGif ae&mcsay;xm;NyD; uRefawmfwkdYudk a'gufwmqD;*a&UaecJh
onfhtdrfwGif ae&mcsay;avonf/
a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf xkdtdrfudkvnf; a&TvDjrpfxJrS opfausmufwkH;rsm;jzifh aqmufcJh
jcif; jzpfavonf/ tdrrf mS ESpx
f yftrd f jzpfaomfvnf; tjyifuaeMunfv
h Qif wpfxyftrd rf Qom
xif&\/ tjyifuaeMunfhvQif ausmufwkH;BuD;awGudk pDxm;onfhtdrfjzpfonfhtwGuf cyf
Murf;Murf;toGiu
f kd aqmifaeonft
h xJwiG f aumif;pGm jyifqifrrG ;f rHxm;avonf/ a'gufwm
qD;*a&U\tdro
f nf ta0;uaeMunfv
h Qif c&pfrwfEw
I q
f ufuwfjym;xJrS tdru
f av;wpfv;Hk
ESifhwlaeonf/ tdrfuav;u cspfp&m? awmifukef;udk NzdKcsxm;NyD; awmifapmif;wGif ausmuf
wkH;BuD;awGukd pDxm;onf/ tdrfab;wGif ,luvpfyifawG? xif;&SL;yifawGu tpDt&Dayguf
vsuf/ wkduftdrfuav;a&SUwGif awmyef;&kdif;awGu azG;azG;vIyfatmif yGifhaeMuonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf ypnf;rsm;udk wnf;cdk&dyfomwGif csxm;cJhum NrdKUxJodkY xGufvmcJhMu
onf/ NrdKUxJrSm uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf npm pm;yGJjyifqifxm;aomaMumifh jzpf\/ npm pm;&if;
NrdKUu vlBuD;vli,frsm;ESifhrdwfqufMuavonf/
erfhcrf;rSm &ufuef;axmifrsm;? ukefonfrsm;ESifhawmif,mv,fvkyfolrsm; trsm;qkH;&Sd
onfNh rdKUjzpfavonf/ [if;rsm;rSm &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f vm;&I;d wGif pm;cJ&h aomajrmufyikd ;f
&Sr;f [if;ppfppfrsm; jzpfay\/ [if;trsKd;trnfukd uRefawmf aumif;aumif; rrSwrf ad wmhacs/
]a[mhaygh}ac: [if;oD;[if;&GufESifhtom;>yrf;[if;ukdom uRefawmfrSwfrdawmhonf/ tkd;yl
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

rsm;}[k urmu wtHhwMo ai;Munfh&avmufonfholemjyKaumif;rsm;udkvnf; arG;xkwfay;


cJhavonf/

162

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

ac: om;>yrf;[if;rSm eyfwkdif; ygavonf/


wnf;ckd&dyfomodkYjyefa&mufaomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdY rtdyfEkdifMuao;/ uRefawmfwkdYwpf
okdufESifhq&m0efBuD;rsm;ygqkdvQif uRefawmfwkdY wnf;cdk&dyfomwGif vlokH;av;q,favmuf&Sd
aomfvnf; tdrfBuD;u xifonfxuf ykdus,fojzifh acsmifacsmifcsdcsd vGwfvGwfvyfvyf &Sday
\/ tdyfcsifolwkdYu tdyfcef;rsm;xJwGif tdyfaeMuonfhwkdif uRefawmfwkdYvlokdufrSm rtdyfEkdif
ao;bJ {nfhcef;wGif pum;aumif;aeMuavonf/
q&m0efBuD;uarmZcifvIdifum; olYxkH;pHtwkdif; &,fp&marmp&m ajymp&mudk w&pyf
ajymvsuf&Sdavonf/
]]aem q&mwku
Yd kd rdwq
f ufay;&OD;r,f? a[m'gu erfch rf;aq;&ku
H q&m0efBuD;a'gufwm
odef;vIdifyg/ em*odef;vIdifvkdYvJ ac:ygw,f/ olvJ aq;ukwJhtvkyfudk omoemjyKovkd vkyf
aewJhvlaygh}}[k ajymavonf/
em*ode;f vIid [
f ak c:jcif;rSm tjcm;aMumifrh [kw/f acwfopfaq;odyyH nmudk awmifay:
wkdif;&if;om;rsm;Mum;odkYa&mufatmif ,laqmifvmcJhaomaMumifh jzpfavonf/ cED;odkY ol r
a&mufcifwkef;u em*awmifay:om;onf aq;ynm\tpGrf;udk r,kHMunfao;/ jrifvnf;
rjrifzl;ao;/ 1965 ckESpf cED;odkY ola&mufoGm;onfhtcgwGif a'gufwmem*odef;vIdifonf
acgif;udk taygifxm;um em*trsKd;om;rsm;\vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gESit
hf xl;xl;aoma&m*grsm;
udk cGpJ w
d u
f o
k ay;cJah vonf/ acgif;udk taygifxm;onfqjdk cif;rSm pum;Oyrmajymjcif;r[kw/f
raysmufvQif acgif;jzwfcH&rnf[k tmrcH uk&jcif;jzpfavonf/ raysmufcJhvQif a'gufwm
em*odef;vIdifonf awmifay:rS taumif;ywd jyefqif;vmEkdifawmhrnfr[kwf/ acgif;udk xm;
cJNh yD; ud,
k cf snf;om jyefqif;cJ&h ayvdrrhf nf/ a'gufwmem*ode;f vIid o
f nf em*awmifwef;a'guf
wmqD;*a&U[kajymEkdifayonf/
,ckvnf; erfhcrf;odkY olYoabmjzifh ol a&TUajymif;ay;&ef awmif;qkdNyD; a&mufvmjcif;
jzpfavonf/ 3 ESpftwGif;wGif &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g&Sif wpfaxmif
ausmf cGJpdwfukoay;cJhNyD; jzpfonf[k od&ay\/
aemufwpfaeYrmS erfch rf;aps;aeY jzpfavonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf 5 &uf
aps;aygif;rsm;pGmodkY a&mufcJh&m erfhcrf;aps;rSm tpnfqkH;jzpfavonf/ uGrf;vkH? [kdyef? uGwf
cdkif? rlp,faps;aeYrsm;xuf rsm;pGmpnfum;vSay\/ aq;0g;? avoewf? t0wftxnf? b,
aq;? a<uxnfypnf;trsKd;rsKd;? tdrfokH;ypnf;trsKd;rsKd;wkdY aps;csKdvSay\/ wpfzufEkdifiHrS
oD[&wempmay

vmonfhypnf;omn aps;csKdonfr[kwf/ erfhcrf;wGifjzpfonfh emrnfausmferfhcrf;vG,ftdwf


rsm;vnf; aps;csKdvSay\/ erfhcrf;vG,ftdwfum; (uRefawmfhtxif)&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufykdif;
wGif taumif;qkH;okd;arT;p vG,ftdwfjzpfayvdrfhrnf/
eHeufpmudk cyfokwfokwfpm;NyD; cPem;um aeYv,fem&Djyef ESpfcsufwGif a[majymyGJudk
&ky&f iS &f BHk uD;xJrmS usif;yonf/ &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f wGif pmaya[majymyGrJ sm;udk nykid ;f wGif
rvkyfEkdifyg/ tvGefat;ojzifh a[mola&m? emolyg rwwfEkdif/ tcsdefrusyfvQif trsm;tm;
jzifh aeYv,fykdif;rSmom usif;yNrJjzpfavonf/
owfrSwfxm;&m ae&mrsm;wGif txl;ukq&m0efBuD;rsm;u vlemrsm;ukd aq;ukay;
vsuf&SdpOf uRefawmfwkdYtzGJYuvnf; NrdKUv,fu &kyf&Sif&kHBuD;xJwGif pmaya[majymyGJ vkyfvsuf
&Sdavonf/ q&m0efjyNyD; jyefvmMuonfhawmifay:rS tcsKdUaomvlemrsm;onf uRefawmfwkdY
a[majymyGJodkY tifwkduftm;wkduf a&mufvmMuonf/ aq;uktzGJYESifhpmaya[majymyGJtzGJYwkdY
wGJoGm;MuykHonf a'gufwmqD;*a&U\{0H*vdw&m;a[mtzGJYrsm;ESifhaq;tzGJYrsm; oGm;ykHESifhwl
aeavonf/ a'gufwmqD;*a&Uonf aq;ukNyD; {0H*vda[mum c&pf,mefomoemjyKouJo
h Ykd
uarmZcifvidI o
f nfvnf; aq;ukNyD; &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f wGif pmayomoemjyKaeonfEiS hf
wlawmhonf/
em&DjyefESpfcsufu ponfha[majymyGJonf rkd;BuD;pkyfpkyfcsKyfrS NyD;awmhonf/
nydik ;f wGif uRefawmfwt
Ydk zGu
YJ kd *kPjf yKaomtm;jzifh xrif;pm;yGEJ iS u
hf yGJ usif;yavonf/
&Srf; wkd;e,m;tu? udE&mtu? tdk;pnftu? "m;okdif;tu? aumuf&Srf;ajr0kdif;ZmwfESifhaEG
OD;tu ponfh&Srf;&kd;&mtursm; jzpfavonf/
tpDtpOfrsm;NyD;vQif uRefawmfwkYdtxJu cspfOD;ndKu &mrorifvkdufcef;udk ujyav
onf/ wnf;ckdcef;odkY jyefa&mufonfhtcgwGifvnf; uRefawmfwkdYrtdyfEdkifMuao;bJ nOfheuf
onftxd pum;ajymrdMuonf/
(31)
apmrG e f v S \ arG ; &yf a jr
erfch rf;u aqmif;onf ESi;f awGa0 jrLawGqidk ;f um csrf;at;vSonfah qmif;jzpfaomf
vnf; uRefawmfonf reuf tapmBuD;xum aq;&ku
H ek ;f atmufraS e NrdKUxJoYkd vrf;avQmuf
xGufcJhavonf/ erfhcrf;onf csKdifh0Srf;xJwGif wnfxm;ojzifh Munfhav&mwGif awmifawG 0dkif;
aeavonf/ wpfzufwGif a&TvDjrpfonf wNidrfhNidrfh pD;aeavonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

163

164

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

erfch rf;aq;&kBH uD;ESiNhf rdKUrrSm 3 rkid ?f 4 rkid cf efaY 0;aomfvnf; ,ckawmh NrdKUESiq
hf ufaeav
NyD/ aq;&ku
H NrdKUxdyu
f uke;f jrifah y:wGif wnf&NdS yD; NrdKUv,fvrf;rBuD;u aq;&ku
H ek ;f ukd OD;wku
d f
vsuf &Sdavonf/ xkdvrf;rBuD; w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;\Aef;armfbuf tpdwftydkif;jzpfNyD;
erfch rf;NrdKU\NrdKUv,fvrf;rBuD;vnf; jzpf\/ t"du&vrf;rBuD;jzpfonft
h wGuf vrf;u us,f
onf/ acsmvnf; acsmonf/ vrf;ab;wpfzufwpfcsufwGif aps;qkdifawG? uem;awGjzifh t
vGeo
f ef&Y iS ;f NyD; tvGev
f yS onfNh rdKUjzpfavonf/ uRefawmfwYdk a&mufco
hJ nf&h rS ;f jynfe,fajrmuf
ydkif;rS NrdKUrsm;wGif toefY&Sif;qkH;? tvSqkH;NrdKU[kyif qkdEkdifav\/
NrdKUuom vSonfr[kwf/ vlawGuvnf; vSMuonf/ a,musfm;rdef;r r[l rsm;aom
tm;jzifh t&yftarmif;aumif;NyD; tom;ta&pkjd ynfMuonf/ rsufEmS rsm;rSm cs,f&aD &miforf;
vsuf&Sdavonf/
aq;uktzGrYJ mS ,aeYreufyikd ;f ESin
hf aeykid ;f wGif aq;ukp&mawG &Sad eao;aomfvnf; uRef
awmfwrYdk mS a[majymyGw
J m0ef NyD;qk;H NyDjzpfojzifh tm;aeavonf/ q&m0efBuD; uarmZcifvidI f
onf oludk,fwkdifu aq;ukoa&;udpwGif tvkyf&Iyfaeaomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdYudk q,fvefY
&GmodkY ydkY&ef pDpOfxm;onf/
q,fvefrY mS rlp,fEiS ehf rfch rf;vrf;a[mif;ay:rS &Gmwpf&mG jzpfNyD; apmrGev
f \
S Zmwd&mG jzpf
onf[k tqkd&Sdaom&Gmjzpfay\/
uarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdYtm; vrf;jytjzpf eef;crf;vl? eef;pdefyGifhESifhwGrf;,Of
qkdonfholemjyKq&mruav; 3 a,mufudk xnhfay;vkdufavonf/ olwkdY 3 a,mufpvkH; q,f
vefY&Gmolrsm; jzpfMuavonf/
olwkdY 3 a,mufteuf 2-a,mufrSm vm;&Id;aq;&kHBuD;wGif om;zGm;q&mroifwef;vm
wufaeMuolrsm; jzpfavonf/ wkdif;aq;&kHtkyfBuD;uarmZcifvIdifonf om;zGm;q&mroif
wef;udk tywfpOfzGifhay;vsuf&Sdavonf/ odkY&mwGif p&dwfr&Sdojzifh oifwef;olrsm;rSm udk,fh
p&dwfjzifh udk,fwufMu&avonf/ uarmZcifvIdifonf om;zGm;oifwef;qif;rsm;udk aus;&Gm
rsm;wGif cefYay;vsuf&Sdaomfvnf; bwf*swfr&Sdojzifh oifwef;qif;rsm;tm;vkH;ukd cefYray;
Ekid af o;acs/
ol&Y mG odYk jyefvu
dk &f rnfqo
dk jzifh eef;crf;vlEiS ehf ef;pdeyf iG q
hf o
dk nfu
h av;rESpaf ,mufonf
0rf;omaeMuonf/ wGrf;,Ofqkdonfh olwkdYoli,fcsif;ruav;wpfa,mufudkvnf; ac:vmcJh
Mu\/
oD[&wempmay

uarmZcifvIdifonf uRefawmfwkdY\&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;c&D;pOfwpfavQmufwGif olY


c&D;ESifhol ukdufnDonfhvrf;jyrsm;udk xnhfay;wwfoljzpfav&m ,ckc&D;wGif uRefawmfwkdYESifh
xnhaf y;vku
d o
f nfv
h rf;jyrsm;jzpfaomeef;crf;vlEiS ehf ef;pdeyf iG w
fh o
Ydk nfvnf; uRefawmfwt
Ydk wGuf
rsm;pGm tultnD&ay\/
eef;crf;vlrmS t&yfjrifjh rif?h tom;jzLjzL? rsufv;Hk 0kid ;f 0kid ;f ESijhf zpfNyD; eef;pdeyf iG rfh mS t&yf
jywfjywf tom;jzLjzL rsufvkH;arS;arS;ESifh jzpfavonf/ olwkdYESpfa,mufpvkH; acwfqefpGm
0wfpm;xm;Muavonf/ eef;crf;vlonf &Srf;xbDukd 0wfxm;NyD; vufrsm;ESifhcg;wGif teuf
pif;ESppf if;azmfxm;onft
h jzLa&mifacgif;pGyq
f ,
G w
f mudk 0wfxm;NyD; acgif;wGif tjzLa&mif ok;d
arT;OD;xkyft0kdif;udk aqmif;xm;avonf/ eef;pdefyGifhrSmvnf; &Srf;xbDukd 0wfxm;um ukwf
tusukd 0wfxm;NyD; acgif;wGif yD;uufac:MuufvQmpGef;OD;xkyfuav;udk aqmif;xm;av
onf/ olwkdYESpfa,muf\tjyKtrl? taetxkdifonf oGufvufzswfvwfvSy\/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf aq;&kaH tmuf&dS rlp,f-erfch rf;vrf;a[mif;twkid ;f rlp,fbufox
Ykd u
G f
vmcJhMuonf/ onfvrf;twkdif; oGm;vQif rlp,fESifherfhcrf;onf 19 rkdifrQa0;aomfvnf; uRef
awmfwkdYonf rkdif 100 cefYa0;aomr[mAsL[mvrf;opftwkdif; awmifBuD;awGudk ausmf vm
cJhMu&\/ vrf;a[mif;twkdif;oGm;vQif wpfem&Dausmfausmf ESpfem&DeD;yg; oGm;&aomc&D;ukd
wpfaeukef vmcJhMu&onf/
vrf;a[mif;rSm vrf;Murf;ojzifh vrf;opftwkdif; vmcJh&jcif;jzpfay\/
uRefawmfwkdYonf q,fvefYudk oGm;csifaeMuonf/
]]q&mwkdY q,fvefYudk oGm;MunfhzdkY aumif;w,f/ apmrGefvS&JU&GmvkdYajymMuwmyJ? [kwf
r[kwfawmh rodbl;/ tJ'Dbufu &GmawGrSm rdef;racsmawG aygwmawmhtrSefyJ}}[k a'gufwm
uarmZcifvIdifu uRefawmfwkYdudk ajymonf/
uRefawmfwkdYuvnf; xkdc&D;udk oGm;csifaeMuonf/ uarmZcifvIdifonf q,fvefYc&D;
wGif tqifajyap&ef q,fvef&Y mG olEpS af ,mufjzpfonfeh ef;crf;vlEiS ehf ef;pdeyf iG w
hf u
Ydk dk xnfv
h u
dk f
avonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf &Sr;f jynfe,fc&D;wpfavQmufv;Hk wGif uRefawmfwpYdk ;D vmcJo
h nf*h spfum;
jzLuav;jzifh xGufvmcJhonf/ eef;crf;vlESifheef;pdefyGifhwkdYonf olwkdY\wGrf;,OfqkdonfholwkdY
oli,fcsif;q&mruav;wpfa,mufudkvnf; ac:cJhavonf/ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pD;Ekdifatmif
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

165

166

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

olwo
Ydk ;Hk a,mufukd *spfum;a&SUcef;rSm wifvu
dk Nf yD; aemufu pmaya[majymyGt
J zG0YJ if uRefawmf
wkdYav;a,muf? owif;axmufudkbkdeDESifharmifyifeD(aus;vuf)wkdY vkdufcJhMuonf/
um;vrf;rSm a&TvDjrpfurf;twkdif; azmufvkyfxm;jcif; jzpf&m wNidrfhNidrfhpD;aeaom a&T
vDjrpfukd vrf;wpfavQmufv;Hk awGv
Y mcJ&h onf/ uRefawmfwYdk a&mufonft
h csderf mS aqmif;wGi;f
jzpfonfhtwGuf a&TvDjrpfxJwGif a&aumif;aumif;r&Sd/ jrpfjyifBuD;wpfckvkH; ,mcif;awG? *sKH
cif;awGjzifh pdrf;pdkvsuf&SdNyD; a&pD;aMumif;rSm zJBudK;av;wpfacsmif;vkd cyfao;ao;rQom jrif
&onf/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif ajcvsifjzwful;oGm; &onf[k od&avonf/
vrf;wpfavQmufrS &Gmrsm;rSm arm&Sr;f &Gmrsm;jzpfNyD; oyf&yfoef&Y iS ;f Muonf/ a,musfm;
rdef;r uav;tm;vkH; &kyf&nfacsmarmMuonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifhuav;rsm;rSm yg;tkdYawG
eDeD&Jvsuf&Sdavonf/ rdef;rysKdrsm;rSm uif;bwfzdeyftjzL? xbD? qG,fwmvuf&Snfudk 0wf
xm;MuNyD; yckH;wGif rmzvmudk wpfywfywfNyD; ausmay:wGif 0Jcswifxm;Muum acgif;wGif
vufudkify0gpnf;xm;Muonf/ vrf;wGif uRefawmfwkdY awGYcJhaom trsKd;orD;rsm;tm;vkH;
avmufrSm xdkdtwkdif; 0wfpm;qif,ifxm;Muonf/ xkdteD;wpf0dkufu &Gmuav;rsm;rSm t
rsm;tm;jzifh v,form;&Gmuav;rsm; jzpfavonf/ wpf&GmESifhwpf&Gm eD;uyfvsuf&SdNyD; a,m
usfm;rde;f rtm;vk;H bdik pf u,fukd tok;H jyKMuonf/ xkv
d rf;wpfavQmuf&dS &Gmrsm;rS xl;jcm;csuf
rSm oefY&Sif;jcif;yif jzpf\/ trsKd;om;trsKd;orD;rsm;udk Munfh&onfrSm awmaus;vufrS vl
rsm;ESifhrwl/ NrdKUi,fav;wpfNrdKUrS trsKd;om;trsKd;orD;rsm;uJhodkY acwfrDoefY&Sif;Muonfudk
awGY&avonf/
wcsKdUu aps;qkdifxGufvsuf? wcsKdUu rkefnif;pdkufvsuf? wcsKdUu MuHckwfvsuf? tcsKdU
u 0ufpmauR;vsuf? tm;vk;H tvkyEf iS v
hf ufjywfonfr&S/d uav;tarrsm;u aeylqmxJwiG f
uav;xdef;&if; qG,fwmxdk;aeMuonf/ olwdkYtm;vkH;udk Munfh&onfrSm tm;,m;NyD; ysif;&d
zifhEGJY[efrsKd; rawGY&/ tvkyfESifhvuf rjywfatmif vkyfaeMuonfudk awGY&onf/ odkY&mwGif
tvkyEf iS v
hf ufrjywfatmif vkyaf eonf[k qk&d aomfvnf; a&;BuD;okwyf sm vkyaf eykrH sKd;r[kw/f
at;at;rSefrSef vkyfaeMujcif; jzpfonf/
uRefawmfonf at;csrf;aomolwkdYb0? vSyaomolwkdYa'o&Icif;ESifhacsmarmaomol
wd&Yk yk &f nfrsm;udk qufpyfawG;awm&if; vku
d yf gvmcJ&h m cPMumvQif apmrGev
f \
S Zmwdqadk om
q,fvefYodkY a&mufavonf/
q,fvefYrSm &GmBuD;jzpf\/ trsm;tm;jzifh awmifolv,form;rsm;? &ufuef;axmif
rsm; aexkdifMuonfh&GmBuD;wpf&Gm jzpfavonf/ 5 &ufaps;vnf; &Sd\/ uRefawmfwkdYonf eef;
oD[&wempmay

crf;vltrd u
f kd 0ifMu\/ eef;crf;vl\rdbrsm;rSm tvGe&f ;dk onf&h rS ;f awmifov
l ,form;BuD;rsm;
jzpfavonf/ olwt
Ydk rd x
f w
J iG f pku
d x
f m;onfEh iS ;f qDyifBuD;wpfyifwiG f vufzuf&nfyef;uefjym;
omomcefY&SdonfhESif;qDyGifhBuD;rsm; yGifhaeonfukdjrifcJh&avonf/
xkaYd emuf uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf aus;&GmvlBuD;wpfO;D \tdro
f Ykd vmcJMh u\/ aus;&GmvlBuD;[k
qkdaomfvnf; toufurl rBuD;vSao;/ trsm;qkH;&SdrS 30 ausmf 40 wGif;avmufom &SdOD;rnf
jzpfygonf/tvsifwkef;u rlvwef;ausmif;q&mjzpfNyD; ,cktcg aus;&GmaumifpDOu|jzpf
onf[k od&avonf/
olu apmrGefvSapwDudk vkdufjyavonf/ apmrGefvSapwDrSm olukd,fwkdifwnfcJhonfh
apwD r[kwfyg/ olYudk atmufarh&nfpl; wnfonfhapwDjzpfygonf/
apwDrSm &Gmtjyif cyfvSrf;vSrf;wGif &Sdavonf/ apwDokdY toGm;wGif uRefawmfwkdY*spf
um;onf ajrjyefYrSae ukef;BuD;wpfckay:odkY wufvkdufavonf/ ukef;ay:odkYta&mufwGif
aumifpDOu|on fum;udk t&yfckdif;NyD; um;ay:rSqif;avonf/
]]tJ'g a&S;wke;f u usKH;eJNY rdKUwHwidk ;f ae&myJcifAs/ uRefawmfwYdk arm&Sr;f awGuawmh a&S;
wkef;u rkdif;armNrdKUawmf[m q,fvefY&Gmae&myJvkdY ,lqMuw,f}}[k ajymavonf/
usKH;rSm wdrfaumum csKHEG,fwkdY ydwfzkH;vsuf&SdavNyD/ NrdKU&kd;um; NrdKU&kd;a[mif;rSef;odEkdif
aom taetxm;wGif &Sdao;\/ tawmfjrifhaom NrdKU&kd;jzpfNyD; tkwfusKd;tkwfyJhrsm;udk ,ck
wkid f awGEY idk af vonf/ wpfae&mwGif csKHE,
G yf w
d af ygif;awG zk;H aeonfjh rifjh rift
h &mwpfcu
k kd awGY
ojzifh aoaocsmcsmMunfh&m ol&Jckdvkdvkd jyom'fvkdvkd tkwftaqmufttkHwpfck jzpfonfukd
awGY&avonf/
ausmif;q&mwpfjzpfvJ aumifpOD u|rSm &Sr;f vlrsKd;wkt
Yd aMumif;udk tawmftwefajym
Ekid o
f w
l pfO;D jzpfavonf/ olu &Sr;f 7 rsKd;&Sad Mumif;? a&TvjD rpf0rS ;f wpf0u
dk w
f iG f aeMuonf&h rS ;f
rsm;udk ]wkid ;f arm} odrYk [kwf ]arm&Sr;f }[kac:aMumif;? odE?D ausmufr?J oDayg? anmifa&Twpf0u
kd f
wGif aeMuonfh&Srf;rsm;udk ]wkdif;vkH&Srf;} odkYr[kwf ]uarmZ&Srf;}[kac:aMumif;? csif;wGif;t
aemufbufwGifaeonfh&Srf;rsm;udk ]cED;&Srf;}[kac:aMumif;? wkdufBuD;ESifhjzL;wpf0dkufwGifae
onf&h rS ;f rsm;udk ]ajrjyef&Y rS ;f }[kac:aMumif;? usKdi;f wkb
H ufwiG af eonf&h rS ;f rsm;udk ]*k&H rS ;f }[kac:
aMumif;? Aef;armf? rk;d ni;f ? rk;d aumif;wpf0u
dk w
f iG af eonf&h rS ;f rsm;udk ]&Sr;f eD} odrYk [kwf ]wkid ;f vQH
&Srf;}[kac:aMumif;? ]y,f&Srf;}[lvnf; &Sdao;aMumif;jzifhajymjyvkdufavonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

167

168

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

NrdKU&kd;udk MunfhNyD;aemuf NrdKU&kd;a[mif;ay:wGif azmufxm;onfhvrf;twkdif; vkdufvm


cJhMuNyD; cPMumvQif awmifukef;wpffckay:wGif wnfxm;onfhxkH;azG;azG; apwDuav;wpfql
udk awGY&avonf/ apwDykHyef;rSm bmrQrxl;jcm;vSyg/ jrefrmEkdifiHae&mtESHYwGif awGY&aom
apwDykHrsKd;yif jzpfyg\/ teD;wGif Z&yftkd okH;av;aqmifwkdYudkvnf; awGY&avonf/ Z&yfrSm
jyKjyifol a0;ojzifh a[mif;aeavNyD/
a&TvDjrpfonf bk&m;ukef;atmufajcwGif pD;qif;vsuf&Sdavonf/ xkdae&m a&TvDjrpf
rSm tawmfusOf; oGm;avNyD/ a&TvDjrpfwpfzufurf; wpfzufEkdifiHu &Gmrsm;rSvlrsm;udk onf
twkdif; jrifae&avonf/
uRefawmfonf apmrGefvSbk&m;ukef;xdyfwGif &yf&if; erfharmac: a&TvDjrpfukd ai;Munfh
aerdonf/
&Srf;orkdif;udk uRrf;usifol EkdifiHjcm;om;wpfOD;jzpfonfhae;tdvd,yfpfu a&TvDjrpf0Srf;
wpf0u
kd w
f iG f rkid ;f armvkaH c:onf&h rS ;f Ekid if aH wmfBuD;wpfck wnf&cdS ahJ Mumif;? xkEd idk if aH wmf\NrdKUawmf
onf rkdif;armjzpfNyD; rkdif;armrSm ,ckw&kwfjynfxJwGif&Sdonfh rkdif;armyifjzpfaMumif;jzifh a&;cJh
onf/ ok&Yd mwGif qma*smhpaumhurl arm&Sr;f Ekid if \
H rlvNrdKUawmf rkid ;f armonf w&kwjf ynfxu
J
rkid ;f arm rjzpfEidk /f
w&kwjf ynfxu
J ,if;rkid ;f armrSm aemufrS ajymif;aom NrdKUawmfopfjzpfaMumif;? NrdKUawmf
a[mif;rSm ae;tdvd,yfpf\rSwfwrf;wGif ]acsv}[krSwfom;chJaom q,fvefYyif jzpfaMumif;?
arm&Srf;wkdY wefckd;&Sdef0gtm;BuD;vmaomtcgwGif q,fvefYrS acsvac: q,fvefY? xkdrS ,ck
rkid ;f armodaYk jymif;a&TUeef;pdu
k jf cif;jzpfaMumif;? &Sr;f &mZ0ifwiG v
f monfh aumor(D uk;d &Sr;f jynf)
ESiyhf w
Hk idk ;f jynfwo
Ydk nf w&kwjf ynfbufwiG f wpfcgu &Scd o
hJ nfeh ef;ausmufEikd if u
H kd ac:jcif;r[kwf
cJhvQif ,ckarm&Srf;wkdY\EkdifiHyif jzpfEkdifaMumif;jzifh a&;cJhavonf/
ae;tdv,
d yfpu
f 7 &mpktpavmufwiG f ay:aygufco
hJ nfah rm&Sr;f wkNYd rdKUawmfonf (,ck
w&kwfjynfbufwGif&Sdonfh)rkdif;armNrdKUa[mif;ae&mjzpfNyD; qma*smhpaumhurl arm&Srf;wkdY\
NrdKUawmfrSm acsvac: ,ckq,fvefY&Gmae&mjzpfonf[k qkdcJhMuavonf/
w&kwjf ynfrS taemf&xmjyefvmonft
h cgwGif rkid ;f armapmfbmG ;onf orD;awmfwpfyg;
udk qufcJhaMumif;? odkY&mwGif rkdif;armbk&ifudk,fwkdifrSmrl yk*Ha&Teef;awmfodkY wpfacgufrQ tc
pm;0ifjcif; r&SdcJhzl;aMumif;jzifh rkdif;armorkdif;rSwfwrf;rsm;wGif qkdxm;onf[k ae;tdvd,yfpf
u azmfjyavonf/ apmrGev
f \
S crnf;awmfrmS rkid ;f armbk&if cGeaf umhz\om;awmfjzpfaMumif;
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

169

apmrGev
f aS pwDukd zl;ajrmf NrdKU&k;d rsm;? wHwidk ;f rsm;udk MunfNh yD;aemuf uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf
q,fvefYaps;udk avQmufMunfhavonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fu 5 &ufaps;rsm;xkH;pH rkefnif;csOfESifh
w&kwyf pn;f wkv
Yd rT ;f aom aps;uav;jzpfyg\/ aps;rSm rsm;pGm pnfum;jcif; r&Sad cs/ uRefawmf
wkdYwawG vufzuf&nfaomufcsifojzifh vufzuf&nfqkdifudk vkduf&Sm&m wpfqkdifrQ rawGY&/
&Srf;t&ufqkdifuav;awGom awGY&avonf/ &Srf;bmomjzifh &kdufESdyfxm;onfhykHjyifpmtkyf
uav;rsm;? 0wKpmtkyfuav;rsm;ukd awGY&avonf/
uRefawmfonf trSwfw&ypnf;tvkdYiSm &Srf;bmomjzifh ykHESdyfxm;onfhcGefqefavmESifh
eef;OD;ysifwkdYtaMumif;a&;xm;onfh0wKpmtkyfuav;wpftkyf 0,fcJhonf/

(32)
vG r f ; a&T v D
aeYv,fyidk ;f wGif uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf erfch rf;rS 4 rkid u
f mG onfah &TvBD udK;wHwm;udk oGm;Munfh
Muavonf/ uRefawmfwkdYpD;onfh *spfum;jzLuav;udkyif pD;cJhMuonf/ a'gufwmuarmZ
cifvidI o
f nf q,fvefo
Y Ykd toGm;wGif eef;crf;vlEiS ehf ef;pdeyf iG q
hf o
dk nfq
h &mrav;ESpaf ,mufxnfh
ay;vkdufNyD; a&TvDBudK;wHwm;okdYoGm;onfhtcgwGif vm;&Id;rSygvmonfholY&kH;trIxrf;ESpfOD;jzpf
aom eefqidk ;f ESiv
hf aD uGusif;qko
d nft
h rsKd;orD;uav;ESpOf ;D udk xnfah y;vku
d af vonf/ cgwkid ;f
c&D;rsm;wGif a'gufwmuarmZcifvidI f xnfah y;vku
d o
f nfv
h rf;jyrsm;onf uRefawmfwt
Ydk wGuf
olYenf;ESifhol tokH;0ifMuouJhodkY ,ckc&D;wGif vkdufygvmMuonfhvDauGusif;ESifheefqkdif;wkdY
onfvnf; uRefawmfwkYdtwGuf rsm;pGm tultnD&ygonf/ olwkdYonf uRefawmfwkdYodvkdaom
a'oE&a0g[m&rsm;udk &Sif;jyMu\/ vDauGusif;rSm &Srf;w&kwfjzpfonfhtwGuf &Srf;ESifhywf
oufvQif olYudkar;&\/ eefqkdif;u ucsifbmomESifha0g[m&rsm;ukd uRefawmfwkdYtm; &Sif;jy
avonf/
erfhcrf;rSm a&TvDBudK;wHwm;udk xGufaomvrf;rSm w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;\tpdwft
ydkif;jzpfavonf/ w&kwf-jrefrmvrf;rBuD;onf rkdif;,krSwpfvrf; w&kwfjynfodkY0ifoGm;NyD;
aemufwpfvrf;rSm rlp,f? erfch rf;? Aef;armfwu
Ydk jkd zwf tdE,
d odo
Yk mG ;onfv
h 'D v
dk rf;rBuD;ESio
hf mG ;
qufavonf/ uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf erfch rf;NrdKUv,faumifukd jzwfoef;xm;onfv
h rf;rBuD;twkid ;f
taemufbufodkY xGufcJhMuonf/ vrf;wGif ucsif&Gm? &Srf;&Gmuav;rsm;udk awGYcJhMu&onf/
onfbufydkif;u &Gmuav;rsm;rSm rlp,fESifherfhcrf;Mum;u &Gmuav;rsm;avmuf oefY&Sif;jcif;
r&Sdawmh/ vrf;uvnf; zkefxlum tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif awmfawmfysufpD;aeavNyD/ ab;wGif
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jzifhvnf; azmfjyxm;avonf/

170

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

0ef;&Haeonfah wmifwef;rsm;udo
k m rjrif&vQif &Sr;f uke;f jyifjrifah y:wGif c&D;oGm;aeonf[yk if
rxif&/
av;rkdifavmuf oGm;rdvQif emrnfausmf a&TvDBudK;wHwm;odkY a&mufavonf/ ppft
wGif;u ysufpD;oGm;NyD; ppfNyD;rS jyefvnfaqmufvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf[k od&avonf/
a&TvDonf &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif b,fae&mu MunfhMunfh vSNrJvSaeonf/
a&TvDonf rlp,fem;u MunfhvQifvnf; vSonf/ q,fvefYem;u MunfhvQifvnf; vS
onf/ erfch rf;teD;rS Munfv
h Qifvnf; vSonf/ ,ckBudK;wHwm;teD;u Munfv
h Qifvnf; vSonf
omjzpfygonf/ b,fae&mu MunfhMunfh a&TvDonf wNidrfhNidrfh pD;qif;vkdYom aeygonf/ a&T
vD\tvSonf &Srf;wkdYtvSESifhwlNyD; a&TvDwNidrfhNidrfhpD;qif;ykHonf &Srf;trsKd;om;wkdY\&kd;om;
aom? Nidr;f csrf;a&;? jrwfE;dk aom? jzLpifaomoabmudk uk,
d pf m;jyKxif[yfjyaeonf[yk if uRef
awmfqkdcsifawmhonf/
BudK;wHwm;jzwfoef;&mw0dkufwGif a&TvD\urf;ajrmifonf ao;oGm;NyD; ab;wpfzuf
wpfcsufwGif awmifBuD;awG rkd;aeonfhwkdif jrpf0Srf;onf aomifxGef;um wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif
a&TvjD rpfonf ausmufw;Hk BuD;awGMum;rS Nidro
f ufpmG pD;qif;vsuf&adS vonf/ a&Tv\
D urf;pyf
aomifjyifESifhab;wpfzufwpfcsuf awmifcg;yef;rsm;ay:wGif awmify0gyef;awG azG;azG;vIyf
atmif yGifhaeMuavonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf a&Tvw
D w
H m;ay:wGiv
f nf;aumif;? a&Tvw
D w
H m;atmufu aomifjyif
xJwGifvnf;aumif; qif; trSwfw& "mwfykH&kdufMu\/ uRefawmfonf "mwfykHtvGef&kdufcJ
oljzpfygonf/ od&Yk mwGif &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f c&D;wGirf l awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &ku
d jf zpfcyhJ gonf/
a&mufcJaygufcJvSonfht&yfjzpfojzifh trSwfw&oabm jzpfygonf/
xkdYaemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf a&TvDwHwm;udk jzwfMuavonf/ wpfzufxdyfodkY a&muf
aomtcgwGif 0g;wJuav;rsm;jzifh uif;apmifhaeaom&Jabmfuav;rsm;ukd awGY&\/ olwkdY
uif;wJa&SU befumteD;rS 0g;pm;yGJuav;ESifh0g;wef;vsm;uav;ay:wGif &JabmfokH;av;
a,muf [efaumuav;awGcs xrif;pm;aeavonf/
olwkdYu uRefawmfwkdY vmrnfudk BudKwifodESifhNyD;jzpfonfhtwGuf uRefawmfwkdYudk jrifh
onfhtcgwGif xrif;pm;ac:avonf/
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

171

xrif;pm;aeaom&Jabmfav;rsm;u uRefawmfwkdYudk ac:onf/


]]wu,fvm;}}
]]wu,fyg q&mwkdY}}
uRefawmfwkdYonf wjcm;ae&m? wjcm;vlawGu zdwfac:vQif jiif;aumif; jiif;rnfjzpf
aomfvnf; uwkwfusif;xJrS &Jabmfuav;rsm;u ac:onfudk rjiif;&ufyg/ olwkdYpm;onfh
xrif;udk uRefawmfwYdk pm;Munfch sifygonf/ olwcYdk pH m;ovkd cHpm;Munfch sifygonf/ olwx
Ydk rif;
u ipdeq
f efMurf;? [if;u 0g;a&mif;csOf&u
G Ef iS t
hf jcm;t&Guw
f u
Ydk kd a&mpyfxm;onfch sOf&nf[if;
yspfyspf? rkefnif;csOfaMumf? i&kwfoD;pyfpyf aMumfxm;onfhyJykyfaMumfwpfcGufrQom/ uRefawmf
wkYd xrif;oufouf cl;raeawmhbJ olwpYdk m;aeonf[
h efaumxJraS e ZGe;f jzifh cyfpm;um vuf
zuf&nfususjzifh arQmcsMuavonf/ rarhEkdifonfhxrif;wpfeyfyif jzpfyg\/
olwEYdk iS t
hf wlwl xrif;0ifpm;Muojzifh &Jabmfav;rsm;uvnf; 0rf;omaeMuavonf/
xrif;pm;&if;vnf; olwEYdk iS phf mtaMumif; aytaMumif;? olwaYdk ea&;xkid af &;? olwb
Ydk 0ukd ar;
jref;ajymqkdjzpfMuonf/
]]pmiwfw,fq&ma&? pmtkyfuav; bmav;yg&if uRefawmfwkdYudk ay;cJhMuyg/ uRef
awmfwkdY pmrzwf&wm MumvSNyD? NyD;awmh uRefawmfwkdY b0udkvJ a&;Muyg}}[k uRefawmfwkdYudk
wzGzG rSmvkdufMuonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf ygvmonfhpmtkyfuav;wpftkyf? ESpftkyfudk ay;cJhMuonf/ olwkdY pm
iwfonfudk pmemrdMuygonf/
aeYv,fydkif;wGif uRefawmfwkdYonf erfhcrf;rS &ufuef;pifrsm;udk vkdufMunfhMuavonf/
emrnfausmferfhcrf;vG,ftdwfudk &ufonfh&ufuef;pifrsm; jzpfMuonf/ erhfcrf;vG,ftdwfrSm
ucsifvG,ftdwf &ufouJhodkY 8syfjzifh &ufjcif;r[kwfbJ &ufuef;pifrsm;jzifh&ufjcif;jzpfav
onf/ ,cifu &ufuef;pifrsm;rSm uk,
d yf ikd jf zpfMuaomfvnf; ,ck&ufuef;or0g,rzGu
YJ m ukef
Murf;udk or0g,ru ay;NyD; ukefacsmudk or0g,rodkY oGif;&avonf/
&ufuef;or0g,rOu|rSm a':zGm;vkHqkdonfh&Srf;trsKd;orD;BuD;wpfOD;jzpfavonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

]]q&mwkdY vm? xrif; okH;aqmifygOD;}}

172

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

a':zGm;vkHrSm touf 50 ausmfcefY&Sdaomfvnf; tom;ta&pkdjynf csKdjyKH;aomrsufESm&Sdo


jzifh olYtoufxufpmvQif Eke,fysKdrspfaeqJ jzpfygonf/
&ufuef;pifrsm;udk vSnfhMunfhNyD;tjyefwGif trkd;aumhBuD;rsm;ESifhpE&DwJBuD;rsm;vkdvkd
tkww
f u
dk if ,fuav;awGukd awGo
Y jzifh ar;Munf&h m aomufo;Hk a&twGuf wl;xm;onfah &wGi;f
rsm;jzpfonf[k od&\/ erfhcrf;rSa&wGif;rsm; trsm;pkrSm w&kwfAdokumykHpH trkd;aumhBuD;ESifh
rkd;xm;onfudk awGY&avonf/
nydkif;wGif erfhcrf;aq;&kHBuD;xJ erfhcrf;aq;&kH om;zGm;aqmifopfzGifhyGJtjzpfvnf;
aumif;? txl;uktzGJYESifhpmaytzGJYtm; EIwfqufonfhtaejzifhvnf;aumif; xrif;pm;yGJBuD;
jyKvkyfonf/ xrif;pm;yGJNyD;vQif &kd;&muyGJrsm;jzifh {nfhcH&m wpfNrdKUvkH; vma&mufMunfh&IMuo
jzifh pnfum;vSay\/
{nfch yH w
JG iG f erfch rf;rS acwfay:wD;0dik ;f jzifh {nfch &H m wD;0dik ;f tzGrYJ S vli,fuav;rsm;onf
vnf;aumif;? tqkdawmfrsm;jzpfonfheef;at;vSESifheef;rmrmat;wkdYonfvnf;aumif; uRef
awmfwkdY xifonfxuf tqifhtwef;jrifhMuygonf/ &efukefvkd rEav;vkd NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGifyif
vQif yGJ0ifEkdifaom twD;orm;? tqkdorm;rsm;aywnf;/
uRefawmfwkdYum; uyGJudk NyD;atmif rMunfhMuawmhyg/ uRefawmfwkdY\erfhcrf;c&D;udk wm
0efcHonfha'gufwmpkdif;qrfxGef;u reuftapmBuD; x&rnfjzpfojzifh wnf;ckd&modkY jyef&ef EId;
aqmfaomaMumifh wnf;ckd&mokdY jyefvmcJhMuonf/
wnf;cd&k yd o
f modaYk &mufonft
h cgwGif uRefawmfwYdk rtdyEf idk af o;/ q&m0efBuD;a'gufwm
uarmZcifvIdifESifhq&m0efrsm;yg pum;0kdif;zGJYaeMuojzifh reuf 3 em&Dxkd;rS tdyfjzpfMuawmh
onf/

oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

173

erfhcrf;rS uRefawmfwkdY xGufonfhtcsdefwGif rkd;awG &Gmaeavonf/


a'gufwmpdkif;qrfxGef;onf ol OD;aqmifonfharmfawmf,mOfwef;BuD;udk reuf 5 em&D
avmufwGif xGuf&ef pDpOfxm;aomfvnf; rxGufEkdifyg/ vl 100 eD;yg; ygvmonfhtzGJYjzpfonfh
twGuf apmifh& qkdif;&onfwkdY&Sdygonf/ xkdtxJwGif erfhcrf;rS rdwfaqGrsm;u uRefawmfwkdYwpf
zGJYvkH;udk eHeufpm vufzuf&nfpDpOfxm;ao;ojzifh reufpmudk pm;&ao;onf/ xkdYaemuf vrf;
wGif pm;&ef xrif;awG xnfah y;vku
d af o;ojzifh xk&d u
d m rsm;udk apmif&h ao;onf/ okjYd zifh reuf
7 em&Dxkd;rS uRefawmfwkdY ,mOfwef;onf erfhcrf;aq;&kHBuD;&Sd&m ukef;ay:rS qif;Ekdifawmhonf/
NrdKUxJodkY a&mufvQif NrdKUv,fvrf;rS uRefawmfwkdYudk apmifhBudKEIwfqufolrsm;udk qif;
EIwfquf&ao;onf/ erfhcrf;rSm acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonfheef;odef;[ef? pkdif;omat;? eef;jzL
jzLat;? pdik ;f atmifneT ?Yf a'gufwmem*ode;f vIid ?f owif;axmufpikd ;f xGe;f vS? OD;pHvpS onfrh w
d f
aqGrsm;onf NrdKUv,fvrf;rwGif wpfpkwnf;pka0;um uRefawmfwkdYudk EIwfqufMuonf/
uRefawmf&h ifxw
J iG f aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm; ESp&f n
S v
f rsm; aygif;oif;vmcJMh uonfrh w
d af qG
rsm;ESifhcGJcGg&onfhES,f &Sdyg\/
um;wef;BuD;onf NrdKUxJrS xGufonfESifhawmifay:odkY auGYwufvkdufavonf/ erfhcrf;
onf rkd;rIefrsm;ESifhESif;jrLrsm;atmufwGif a0; a0; usef&pfcJhNyD/
tvmwke;f u erfch u
dk af csmif;wGif &yfem; reufpm pm;cJMh uaomfvnf; tjyefwiG f uRef
awmfwkdYonf erfhzufumwGif &yfem; reufpmpm;Mu\/ teD;wpf0dkufwGif&Sdonfhvufzuf
ajcmufvkyfonfh&kHuav;wpf&kHudkvnf; 0ifMunfhcJhMuao;onf/ pufrIypnf;qkd bmrQrygbJ
armif;ausmufESifhvufzufajcmufudk axmif;NyD;vkyfonfhvufrIvkyfief;oufouf tvkyf&kHu
av;jzpfayonf/
uRefawmfwkdYum;wef;BuD;onf uGwfckdiftxd wpfpkwpfa0;wnf; vmcJhMuaomfvnf;
uGwfckdifonfbufwGifrl c&D;vrf;yef;uvnf; aumif;NyDjzpfonfhtavsmuf usefum;rsm;udk
rapmifhawmhbJ uRefawmfwkdYum;csnf; qif;vmcJhavonf/ txl;uktzGJYrSm uGwfckdifwGif 0if
aq;ay;vky&f OD;rnfjzpfonft
h wGuf olwu
Ydk kd rapmifah wmhbJ uRefawmfwcYdk snf; qif;vmcJjh cif;
jzpfay\/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(33)
ae&pfawmh erfhcrf;

174

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

uGwcf idk u
f vG,q
f rfqpf awmifwef;BuD;awGukd ausmfvQif odEcD sKdi0hf rS ;f ukd vSr;f jrif&av
NyD/ ,ck&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; c&D;wGif odEDcsKdifh0Srf;ukd 6 Budrfwkdifwkdif uRefawmf jrifcJhzl;NyD;
jzpfonfhwkdif odEDcsKdifh0Srf;\tvSonfvnf; b,fawmhrS r&kd;Ekdifyg/ Munfhwkdif; vSaeygonf/
odEDwGif &SdaomrdwfaqGrsm;udk EIwfqufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf odEDa&ylprf; odkYr
[kwf erfhtGefa&ylprf;odkY vmcJhMuonf/ a&ylcsKd; xrif;pm;&if; aemufum;rsm;udk apmifh&ef
jzpfavonf/
erfhtGefa&ylprf;odkY a&mufvQif uRefawmfwkdYonf xkH;pHtwkdif; eef;vkHcrf;wkdYqkdifrSm em;
Muavonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf xkdvrf;udk &Spfacgufxufrenf; oGm;NyD;jzpf&m olwkdYqkdifonf
uRefawmfwEYdk iS &hf if;ES;D aeavNyD/
xkH;pHtwkdif; a&ylcsKd;&ef jyifqifaeMupOf eef;vkHcrf;onf uRefawmfwkdYbufodkYvSnfhNyD;
]]q&mwku
Yd dk {nfo
h nfwpfa,mufeYJ rdwq
f ufay;&OD;r,f}}[kqu
kd m tdrx
f o
J v
Ykd rS ;f &Sr;f
bmomjzifh wpfpw
Hk pf&m ajymvku
d af vonf/ ra&S;raESmif;yif uk,
d v
f ;Hk jynfjh ynfh tom;jzLjzL?
rsufESm0dkif;0dkif;? rsufvkH;rsufckH;aumif;aumif;ESifh touf 35 ESpfcefY&Sd trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf
xGufvmavonf/
tjcm;ol r[kwf/ tJaEG; jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf ode;f azjrif\
h ]ta&SUajrmufwidk ;f wpfciG }f udk zwfNyD; tJaEG;udk odaeMu
aomfvnf; tJaEG;udk wpfcgrQ rjrifzl;ao;yg/ ,ck yxrqkH;tBudrf jrifzl;jcif;jzpfavonf/
ode;f azjrifh a&;cJo
h nft
h wkid ;f tJaEG;onf vSyonfrh ed ;f uav;wpfO;D jzpfygonf/ tJaEG;rQom
ruyg/ olwkdYusefnDtpfrrsm;onfvnf; wpfrsKd;pD vSMuonfom jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYu odef;azjrifhpmudk zwf tJaEG;udk odaeMuouJhodkY tJaEG;uvnf; eef;
vkHcrf;wkdY jyefajymojzifh uRefawmfwkdY\taMumif;udk odaeykH&ygonf/
eef;vkHcrf;wkdY? rcrf;,kHwkdYu uRefawmfwkYdwawG pm;aomuf&eftwGuf jyifqifaeMupOf
tJaEG;onf uRefawmfwpYdk m;yGo
J v
Ydk mxkid Nf yD; pum;ajymaeavonf/ olaY rmif ti,fq;Hk uav;
pHxGef;\r*FvmaqmifodkYvmjcif;jzpfonf[k od&av\/
]]q&mwkdY uRefrtaMumif;udkawmh odyfra&;MuygeJYaemf/ uRefra,musfm;u rBudKuf
bl;&Sifh/ [dkwpfcgwkef;u q&mBuD;OD;odef;azjrifhuvJ uRefrtaMumif;udk a&;oGm;vkdufwm pkH
oD[&wempmay

aewmyJ/ wpfckawmh &Sdygw,fav/ uRefrtaMumif;udk a&;vkdufawmh OD;odef;azjrifh emrnf


BuD;oGm;wmaygh/ q&mwkdYvJ emrnfBuD;r,fqkd&if uRefrtaMumif;udk a&;csif a&;Muyg/ udp
r&Sdygbl;}}[k tJaEG;u ajymavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf &kd;om;vSaom tJaEG;\pum;rsm;aMumifh tm;&yg;& &,frdMuav
onf/ xkdpum;rsm;ukd ajymaepOfwGif tJaEG;\rsufESmwGif <um;0gvkdonfh[efvnf; r&Sd/ cH
jyif;[efvnf; r&Sd/ yuwd&kd;om;onfhrsufESmESifhyuwd&kd;om;onfhtoH jzpfygonf/
trSeftm;jzifh tJaEG;wkYdqkdifteD;wpf0dkufwGif&Sdonfh&Srf;awmifolBuD;rsm;onf odef;az
jrifhudkvnf; odrnfr[kwf/ uRefawmhfudkvnf; odrnfr[kwf/ uRefawmfwkdY a&;aompmrsm;ukd
vnf; zwfzl;rnfrxifyg/ olwkdYodonfrSm tJaEG;omvQif jzpfygonf/ olwkdYodaomtJaEG;t
aMumif;udk uRefawmfwkdYu a&;vkdufonfhtcgwGif uRefawmfwkdYonf xkdtokdif;t0kdif;xJwGif
tJaEG;taMumif;ukd a&;onfhpma&;q&m[k vlodrsm;oGm;[efwlavonf/ tJaEG;onf xkdt
csufudk &nf&G,fajymqkdjcif; jzpf[ef&Sdygonf/
tJaEG;um; &kyfacsm tcsuftjyKwf aumif;&kHrQru pum;ajymvnf; aumif;olwpf
a,muf jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf pm;&if;aomuf&if; pum;ajym&if;ESifhaemufum;rsm;ukd apmifhaomf
vnf; wpfpif;rQ ay:rvmMuyg/ n 9 em&Dxkd;onfhtcgwGifrl rapmifhawmhbJ vm;&Id;NrdKUwGif;
odkY 0ifcJhavonf/
aemufum;rsm;onf xkdnu 10 em&DausmfrS vm;&Id;NrdKUxJodkY 0ifvmMuavonf/ vrf;
wGif um;wpfpD; ysufaeaomaMumifh xkdum;udk apmifhac:ae&jcif; jzpfonf[k od&av\/

(34)
ae&pfawmh uarmZ
aemufwpfaeYrSm Zefe0g&Dv 8 &ufaeYjzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf um;ESpfpif;jzifh vm;&Id;rS xGufcJhMuavonf/ rxGufcifwGif uarmZ
cifvidI t
f rSL;jyKaomq&m0efBuD;rsm;? orm;awmfBuD;rsm;? q&m0efrrsm;u uRefawmfww
Ydk nf;
ckd&modkY wpkwa0; a&mufvmMuum vIdufvSJpGm EIwfqufMuonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

175

176

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

uRefawmfwkdYonf ,ckrS awGY&onfhrdwfaqGopfrsm; jzpfMuonfhwkdfif i,faygif;BuD;azmf


rsm;yrm &if;ESD;oGm;cJhMuavonf/ b0onf c&D;&SnfBuD;wpfckjzpfonfqkdvQif c&D;wpfckonf
vnf; b0wkduav;wpfck[k qkdEkdifygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf erfhcrf;c&D;&SnfBuD;udk twloGm;
cJhMu&m wpfenf;ajym&vQif b0wkduav;wpfckukd twlae twlcHpm;cJhMuolrsm;[kvnf;
qkdEkdifrnfxifygonf/ c&D;wpfckoGm;vQif pdwfcsif; rwkdufqkdifolwkdYonf ydkpdwf0rf;uGJvmMu
NyD; pdwfoabmcsif;wlonfhvlrsm;rSm ydk cifrif&if;ESD;vmwwfMuonfrSm "rwmjzpfygonf/
usefawmfwo
Ydk nf c&D;pOfwpfavQmufv;Hk uRefawmfwYdk pD;cJMh uonf*h spfum;tjzLuav;?
a'gufwmuarmZcifvIdif\rmZ'g*spftjzLwkdYESifhvm;&Id;rS xGufcJhMuonf/
vm;&Id;ESifhoDaygMum; oDaygESifhausmufrJMum; ausmufrJESifhaemifcsKdMum;&Sd armfawmf
um;vrf;rsm;rSm aumif;pGm xde;f odr;f jyKjyifxm;onfah rmfawmfum;vrf;rsm;jzpfavonf/ vrf;
ab;&Icif;rsm;uvnf; om,mvSy\/ uRef;awmrsm; a&Ta&mif&;dk jywfwYdk 0if;aeonfv
h ,fuiG ;f
rsm;? emewfcif;rsm;? aumfzDjcHrsm;? iSufaysmawmrsm;? vdarmfjcHrsm;/
Munfhav&m&mwGif uarmZonf pdrf;um vdarmfeHYjzifh oif;aeavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf oDaygrSm reufpm pm;MuNyD; c&D;qufcJhMuonf/ ausmufrJrS txGuf
wGif uRefawmfwkdY MunfhcJhonfhpcef;om a[mftkdukd um;vrf;ay:rS vSrf;jrif&avonf/
ausmufrEJ iS ahf emifcsKdMum;wGif uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf *kww
f iG ;f udk jzwfcMhJ u\/ *kww
f iG ;f wpf0u
kd w
f iG f
awmawmifprd phf rf;wkYd xlonfukd owdjyKrdonf/ aemifcsKdrS pmqkad wmf aumfrwDonf *kww
f iG ;f
odkY vmBudKaeavonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf *kwfwGif;rSm "mwfykH&kdufMu\/ tcsKd;tqpfawG?
tauGYtaumufawG? qHnyfauGYawG? wHwm;jzLjzLawG? vrf;rSwfwkdifawG? wu,fhvGrf;p&m
awmNrdKifajcvrf; jzpfyg\/
*kww
f iG ;f rS wufvmNyD; rMumrD aemifcsKdoaYkd &mufavonf/ aemifcsKdonfvnf; uarmZ
NrdKUi,frsm;vkdyif oefY&Sif;oyf&yfonfhNrdKUi,fuav;jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf aemifcsKd
qvubkw
d rJ mS wnf;Mu\/ aemifcsKdrS rdwaf qGrsm;onf uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd &wemod*o
wKwGi;f
udkvnf; ydkYcsifonf/ q&mpH ykef;atmif;cJhzl;onfhpcef;udkvnf; ydkYcsifonf/ odkY&mwGif tcsdef
r&ojzifh roGm;jzpfcJhMuyg/
n aemifcsKdtxufwef;ausmif;wGif a[majymyGJusif;y&m y&dowfrsm; cef;vkH;jynfh
wufMuonf/
oD[&wempmay

aemufwpfaeYreufwGif uRefawmfwkdYonf jyifOD;vGifodkYqif;cJhMu\/ aemifcsKdESifhjyifOD;


vGifMum;wGif opmyef;cif;BuD;rsm;udk awGY&avonf/ Munfhvkdufwkdif; opmyef;cif;BuD;awGu
arQmf rqkH;/
]]&efuek u
f awmh 'Dyef;awGudk arNrdKUyef;vkaYd c:Muw,fq&ma&U? trSeu
f awmh 'Dyef;awG
u jyifO;D vGiNf rdKUe,frmS pku
d w
f m r[kwyf gbl;/ uRefawmfwYdk aemifcsKdNrdKUe,fu pdu
k w
f myg/ 'Dyef;
&JUrl&if;emrnfuvJ arNrdKUyef; r[kwyf gbl;/ opmyef;yg}}[k pmqkad wmfaeY usif;ya&;aumfrwD
pma&;q&ma0qm(aemifcsKd)u uRefawmfwkdYudk ajymjyvkdufonf/
aemifcsKdrStxGuf av;rkdiftuGmavmufwGif uRefawmfwkdYonf or0g,rykdifaom yef;
cif;rsm;udk qif;MunfhMuao;onf/
0uf0HokdYa&mufvQif ajrmufydkif;&Srf;jynfe,f qkH;avNyD/ vrf;udk opfom;wef;cs ydwf
xm;NyD; teD;wGif &Jpcef;wpfck &Sad vonf/ um;q&monf um;udk &yfNyD; &Jpcef;ok0Yd if owif;
ydkY&onf/ um;ay:wGif ygonfhc&D;onfrsm;tm;vkH;vnf; ajcvsifqif;avQmufMu&\/ e,f
jcm;NrdKUuav;udk jzwful;&onfESifh wlaeavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYrSm um;ay:rS rqif;&yg/ uRefawmfwkdYESifhtwl vkdufvmonfha'gufwm
uarmZcifvidI \
f wynfah usmf ud&k moufonf &Juif;odq
Yk if;um pmqkad wmfyo
JG v
Ykd monfph ma&;
q&mrsm;jzpfaMumif; ajymvkdufonfwGif oufqkdif&m&JwkdYonf uRefawmfwkdYum;ukd oGm;cGifhjyK
vkdufygonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf arNrdKUwGif reufpm pm;Mu\/
ppfrjzpfrD bDtkdpD ukrPDrS xkwfonfh ]jrefrmjynf&Sd armfawmfum;vrf;rsm;}qkdonfhpm
tkyfi,fwGif ]jyifOD;vGifonf tjrifhay 3519 aywGif wnf&Sdonf/ rEav;NrdKUrSxGuf 3 rkdif
cGJcefYodkY a&mufvQif vuf,mbufodkYcsKd;vkdufNyD; rEav;rS 16 rkdifcGJodkYa&mufvQmif awmifudk
pwuf&onf/ vrf;wGif qHnyfauGYaygif; 22 auGY&Sdonf/ ay 2435 aywGif AsL;yGKdifh&SdNyD; rE
av;rS 25 rkid cf t
JG uGmwGif &So
d nf/ xdak e&mrS &yfMunfv
h Qif rEav;wpf0u
kd w
f iG &f adS om&Icif;rsm;
udk aumif;pGm jrifEkdifonf}}[k a&;xm;avonf/
uRefawmfwkdYum; ,ck&Icif;om[kac:aom AsL;yGKdifhwGif &yfraeawmhyg/
atmufoq
Ykd if;vmonfEiS hf &Icif;onf wjznf;jznf; ajcmufaoGo
Y xuf ajcmufaoGv
Y m
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

177

178

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

cJhavNyD/ 0g;&kHyifrsm;wGif a&mf&GufawG a<uukefMuNyD/ opfyifwkdY usKd;wkd;usJwJjzpfaeaom


awmiferD sm;rsm;udjk rif&pjyKNyD/ avonf ylaEG;p jyKvm\/ em;awmif;usacsmif;ukd ausmfvu
dk f
onfESifhododomom ylvmawmhonf/
rEav;odYk uRefawmfwaYdk &mufonft
h cgwGif 5 em&Dx;dk aeavNyD/ aqGrsKd;om;csif;? rdwf
aqGtaygif;toif;rsm;qDodkY 0ifcsdefr&/ vufrSwfvJ&OD;rnf/ ypnf;awGwifzkdY pDpOf&OD;rnf/
rEav;odkYa&mufvQif uRefawmfwkdY0ifaeus rD;&xm;pmMunfhwkdufodkY 0ifem;Muonf/
rD;&xm;pmMunfw
h u
dk o
f nf ESppf Ofpmqkad wmfa[majymyGrJ sm; vkyv
f mcJah v&m trIaqmifrsm;ESihf
pma&;q&mrsm;onf rdwfa[mif;aqGa[mif;awG jzpfaeMuavNyD/
uRefawmfwkdY a&mufonfhtcgwGif rD;&xm;pmMunfhwkdufonf xkdESpftwGuf pmqkdawmf
a[majymyGu
J dk usif;yNyD;umpyif &Sad o;onf/ olwpYdk mMunfw
h u
dk rf S xkwaf 0onfeh &H u
H yfowif;
pmudk uyfxm;qJ jzpf\/ uRefawmfwkdYonf olwkdY\eH&Huyfowif;pmudk 0ifzwfMu\/ aqmif;
yg;? 0wK? uAsm? umwGef;? yef;csDponfjzifh a0a0qmqm&Sdygonf/ eH&Huyfowif;pmqkdaomf
vnf; olwkdYeH&Huyfowif;pmonf oifykef;BuD;q,fcsyfpmavmuf&Sdaom eH&Huyfowif;pmBuD;
jzpfyg\/ uRefawmfwkdYonf olwkdYeH&Huyfowif;pmukd ukefatmif zwfcsdefr&yg/ zwfvkduf&o
avmufurl tawmftqifhtwef;jrifhonf[k qkdEkdifygonf/
uRefawmfwkdY\pmqkdawmfc&D;tp erwlodkYa&mufpOf uRefawmfwkdYonf abmfwGif;rS t
vkyo
f rm;vli,frsm;\eH&u
H yfowif;pmudk zwfcMhJ uonf/ olw\
Ydk &ifcek o
f ?H olw\
Ydk wrf;woH?
olwkdY\tm;rmefwufoH? olwkdY\vGrf;armoH? olwkdY\oufjyif;&IdufoHrsm;udk xdawGYcJh&onf/
,cktjyef rEav;odkY 0ifa&muf rD;&xm;tvkyform;wkdY\eH&Huyfowif;pmukd Munfh
vkdufonfhtcgwGifvnf; olwkdY\&ifckefoH? olwkdY\vGrf;armoH? olwkdY\wrf;woH? olwkdY\ouf
jyif;csoH? olw\
Ydk tm;rmefwufow
H u
Ydk dk uRefawmfwYdk xdawG&Y jyefonf/ tvkyo
f rm;vli,fawG
pmzwfvm? pma&;vmMuonfudkMunfh&if; uRefawmfwkYd yDwdjzpfrdygonf/ *kPf,lrdygonf/ t
em*wfpmayavmutwGuf tm;wufrdygonf/
n 7 em&Dxkd;vQif &efukeftjrefonf blwm&kHBuD;rS xGufavonf/ rEav;onf rD;
a&mifrsm;Mum;wGif usef&pfcNhJ yD/ awmifNrdKUbuf a&mufawmh bk&m;NydK bk&m;ysufrsm;? ausmif;
tkdausmif;ysufrsm;udk tarSmifxJwGif a&;a&;jrif&\/ jrpfi,fwHwm;udk jzwfonfhtcgwGif
uRefawmfwkdYonf jrpfi,fjrpfac: 'k|0wDjrpfudk ikHYMunfhvkdufrdonf/
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

179

aMomf. . . ae&pfawmh oHvGif? ae&pfawmh. . . a&TvD? ae&pfawmh. . . 'k|0wD/

&Ir0r*Zif;? azaz:0g&D 1981 rS Mo*kwfv 1982 xd/

oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

aeYcif;rSmomqkdvQif jrpfi,fjrpfac: 'k|0wDjrpfa&onf pdrf;MunfjymvGif aeayvdrfh


rnf/ ,ckrl tarSmifxkaMumifh jrpfa&ukd aumif;pGm rjrif&/

180

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

tydik ;f (c)
xif;&SL;eHYoif;aom tpdrf;a&mifaEG&ufrsm;

oD[&wempmay

(1)
yltkdufaom waygif;v &ufwpf&uf jzpfonf/
yk&pfajzpif? awm0ef;usifvnf;
rif;vGif a&SU&SL? wl&&lwnfh
yOLoif;wGJ? aygufvJuif;ikH
&pfqkHvnf,Suf? aus;iSufyif,H
pkHpkHpHvsuf? a&TvQHawmvkH;
tkdifxkH;jrpfcGif? Munfpifjrjr
waygif; uonf. . . /
rD;&xm;onf awmifwufukd t&Sed ,
f &l if; w*sKH;*sKH;ckwaf eonf/ uRefawmfah b;rS armif
omEkd;onf rif;aZ,s,Erdwf\&wkwpfyk'fudk toHxGuf zwfaeonf/ olYtoHu rD;&xm;
ckwfoHESifha&maxG;aeonf/ Mum;& wpfcsuf/ rMum;& wpfcsuf/
olYuAsmzwfoHudk uRefawmftukeftpif rMum;&onfhwkdif? uRefawmfonf rif;aZ,s
,Erdwf\&wkudk aumif;pGm t&omcHEkdifygonf/ i,fi,fu xkd&wkudk uRefawmf BudKufvGef;
ojzifh tvGefusufcJhzl;onf/ &wkwpfykd'fvkH; uRefawmfaumif;aumif; rrSwfrdawmhaomfvnf;
ta&;rBuD;yg/ olY&wkukd uRefawmftjynfht0 t&omcHEdkifygonf/ rif;aZ,s,Erdwfpmyef;
csDjc,fcJhonfhMoumoavmuukd e*kdyuwdtwkdif; uRefawmfjrifae&aomaMumifhygwnf;/
[kwfonf/ yk&pfzl;wkdY ajyp? jrL0ef;wkdY ckdp? aygufvJwkdY ikHp? vufyHwkdY zl;p? aus;wrm
wkdY tkp? OMowkdY wGefp? anmif&GufawG a<up? &GufEkawG a0p/
awmtvkH;onf r*Fvmtaygif;ESifhjynfhpkHaeonf/ Munfhav&mwGif rif;vGifjrjrrIdif;
vsuf? aygufyGifhwkdY &Jyawmif;xvsuf anmif&GufwkdY ndK0ga&Tvsuf/ aMomf. . . ompG waygif;/
vIdif;wufblwmudk ausmfuwnf;u tnmaEG&uf\ta&mifudk wjznf;jznf; jy,fpjyK
NyD/ jra&mifEiS ahf &Ta&mifa&monfah EGujkd rif&pjyKNyD/ awmeHaY wmifeYH arT;pjyKvm\/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

181

182

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

armifomEkd;um; &wkrsm;ukd toHxGuf zwfqJ/ wpfcgwpfcgwGif olonf toHudk


jrifhzwfonf/ wpfcsDwpfcsDwGif toHudk ESdrfhzwfonf/ &wkzwfoHu wufoHESifhoufoHMum;
wGif vl;vmcwfvsuf/ &xm;oHu awmifurf;yg;,HwGif ysH0Jvsuf/
armifomEkd;onf jrefrmpm r[m0dZmbGJYtwGuf pmwrf;a&;&ef uRefawmfESifhtwl &Srf;
jynfe,fodkYvkdufvmcJhjcif; jzpf\/ ol wif&rnfhpmwrf;u jrefrm&wkrsm;ESifhywfoufonfhavh
vmcsuf pmwrf;/ &Srf;jynfe,fwGif at;at;vlvl tem;,l&if; pmwrf;a&;&ef pmtkyfrsm;udk
vnf; o,fvmcJhonf/ uRefawmfu ra&mufonfrSm MumNyDjzpfonfhtwGuf tvnftywf
oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
1960 ckEpS w
f ek ;f u &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyidk ;f odYk yxrqk;H tBudrf a&mufczhJ ;l onf/ xkpd Ofu
'*kefwm&m? aomfwmaqG? rif;&Sif? udkoef;wifESifhuRefawmfwkdYwpfodkuf tif;av;wpf0dkufodkY
vnf;aumif;? oHwJu ,mawmwpfckodkYvnf;aumif; a&mufcJhMuonf/ a&mufzl;onfqkd&kHrQ
om/
]]cifAsm;&JU]vku
d cf ahJ wmhjreEm}xJu r*Fvm&|NrdKUawmfqw
dk m b,frmS vJAs? apmjreEmwkYd
&JUpHtdrfawmfua&m b,frSmvJ}}
'*kefwm&mu uRefawmfhudk aemufaeonf/
]vkdufcJhawmh jreEm}udk 1957 ckESpfwGif a&;cJhonf/ a&;&aomfvnf; &Srf;jynfe,fodkY
ra&mufzl;ao;/ ajrykHrsm;? rSwfpkrSwf&mrsm;udk zwf a&;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ]vkdufcJhawmhjreEm}
udk a&;awmhrnfjyKpOf uRefawmfonf 1937 ckESpfu jzpfcJhaom usKdif;wkHapmfbGm;BuD; apmcGef
wkdif owfrIudk owd&rdavonf/ usKdif;wkHapmfbGm;apmcGefwkdifonf oDwif;uRwf&kd;&mylaZmfyGJ
rStjyefwGif olYwlawmfol apmoD[ESifhapmzkef;vlwkdY\vkyfMuHrIjzifh uHukefcJh&onf/ apmzkef;vl
ESifhapmoD[rSm vlowfrIjzifh axmif'PfwpfoufwpfuRef; usoGm;cJhMuonf/ xkdvlowfrIt
aMumif;ukd uRefawmfi,fi,fu owif;pmrsm;wGif zwfcJh&onf/ vQKdU0Sufonf;zkdZmwfvrf;
wpfy'k v
f dk zwfaumif;ojzifh xkt
d jzpftysufukd uRefawmf rarh/ aumif;aumif;rSwrf ad eonf/
]vkdufcJhawmhjreEm}udk a&;rnfjyKaomtcg olwkdYZmwfvrf;onf uRefawmfhacgif;xJodkY
0dk;w0g; 0ifvm\/ okdYjzifh uRefawmfonf ]vkdufcJhawmhjreEm}Zmwfvrf;ukd usKdif;wkHwGif tajc
wnfvkdufavonf/ odkY&mwGif Zmwfvrf;um; uRefawmfhudk,fykdifpdwful;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;
jcif;om jzpfygonf/ ]vku
d cf ahJ wmhjreEm}rS NrdKUawmfuv
kd nf; r*Fvm&|[k trnfay;vku
d o
f nf/
bk;d awmfb&k m;acwfwiG f a&;xk;d xm;onfah usmufpmrsm; usKdi;f wku
H kd acrm&|[kac:onfukd
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

183

'*kefwm&mu uRefawmf &Srf;jynfra&mufzl;ao;onfukd odojzifh aemufaejcif;jzpf


onf/ 0wKa&;&mwGif wpfcgwpf&H ae&yfa'oaemufcrH mS pma&;ol\pdwu
f ;l jzifh zefw;D xm;
onfhaemufcHrsm; jzpfaewwfonf/ pma&;q&monf 0wKjzpfyGm;&m aemufcHudk twdtus
ra&;csifaomtcg odkYr[kwf ra&;Ekdifaomtcg olYpdwful;jzifh aemufcHa'owpfckudk zGJYpnf;,l
&onf/ onfukd taemufwidk ;f pmayorkid ;f q&mwku
Yd ]&l;&pfwef;eD;,ef;}aemufc[
H ak c:Mu
onf/ t*Fvdyfpma&;q&mBuD; tifaxmfeD[kwf\]Zif'g;tusOf;orm;}qkdonfh0wKZmwfvrf;
rSm Oa&mywkduf&Sd &l;&pfwef;eD;,m;qkdonfhwkdif;jynfwpfjynfudk aemufcHjyK a&;xm;onf/ t
rSefu Oa&mywkdufwGif xkdtrnfygonfhEkdfifiH r&Sd/ pma&;q&m\pdwful;jzifh zefwD;xm;onfh
aemufcaH 'owpfco
k m jzpfonf/ bm;ewfa&Sm\]vlEiS v
hf ufeuf}qko
d nfjh yZmwfZmwfvrf;onf
vnf; Oa&mywGif wu,fr&Sdonfhwkdif;jynfwpfjynfudk aemufcHZmwfvrf; jyKxm;avonf/
pmayorkid ;f q&mwku
Yd bm;ewfa&Sm\Zmwfvrf;onf &l;&pfwef;eD;,ef;aemufcjH zpfonf[k qkd
Muonf/ odjYk zifh ]&l;&pfwef;eD;,m;}qko
d nfph um;vk;H onf pmaytbd"mefrsm;wGif a0g[m&opf
wpfcjk zpfvmcJo
h nf/ pma&;q&m\pdwu
f ;l jzifh wnfaqmufxm;onfph w
d u
f ;l xJu a'owpfc/k
t"dyg,fESifhajym&vQif ]vkdufcJhawmhjreEm}0wKrS aemufcHonfvnf; &l;&pfwef;eD;
,ef;aemufcHum; jzpfonf[k ajymEkdifygonf/
armifomEkd;ESifhoGm;onfh ,ckwpfacgufum; uRefawmfhtzkdY 'kwd,tacgufjzpfonf/
(xkdYaemufwGifum; rMumcP a&mufwwfygonf/)yxrtacgufESifh'kwd,tacgufMum;wGif
13 ESpfMumoGm;NyD/ yxrtacgufu 1960 ckESpf/ 'kwd,tacgufu 1973/
(2)
armifomEkd;udk uRefawmf odonfrSm MumNyD/
1950 ckwpf0dkufwGif uRefawmfwkdYonf ]pmayopf}r*Zif;udk xkwfcJhMuonf/ xkdpOfu
uRefawmfwkdYu wuokdvfwGif rkd;ckdonfrSm okH;ESpfokH;rkd;&Sdawmhrnf/ armifomEkd;onf ppfudkif;
rSae ]pmayopf}odkY aqmif;yg;rsm;? uAsmrsm;udk a&;ykdYaeonf/ atmufwGif ]armifomEkd;?
e0rwef;? tpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;? ppfudkif;}[k a&;xm;wwfonf/
ol rEav;wuokdvf a&mufawmh uRefawmfESifhrMumcP awGYjzpfMuonf/ xkdpOfu ol
onf t*Fvyd v
f dk tvGeaf jymol/ 1960 ck aemufyikd ;f wGif olEiS u
hf Refawmf vlcsif;rawGMY uawmh/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

zwfzl;ojzifh cyfqifqif trnfay;vkdufjcif; jzpfonf/

184

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

1973 ckESpfwGif jyefawGYMuonfhtcg olonf bmomaA'ESifho'aA'udk vkdufpm;ol/ ol t*F


vdyfpum;ajymvQif o'aA'enf;pepfusatmif tm;xkwf ajymwwfonf/ ]b0wuokdvf}
wGif uRefawmfa&mufaepOfu jrefrmpmta&;tom;ESifhywfoufaom olYaqmif;yg;rsm;ESifh
taemufwkdif;uAsmrsm;ukd bmomjyefxm;onfh ol\]xif;&SL;yif&dyf}pmtkyfudk zwfvkduf&
onf/ tDwvD? pydef? jyifopfponfhuAsmrsm;udk wpfaMumif;csif;? wpfvkH;csif; bmomjyefum
teufzGifhxm;onf/ pwefav bef;a&Sm\enf;ESifhwloa,mif&Sdonf/ axmifh t"dyg,fikwf
onfhwkdif qef;opfonf/
&opmay r[kwfonhfpmudk bmomjyef&onfu vG,fonf/ vkH;aumufwkdif; aumuf
jyefoGm;&kHom &Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif &opmayudk bmomjyef&onfrSm rvG,f/ wwfEkdiforQ wdus
&onf/ teufvnf; rSefatmifjyef&onf/ pmvnf; acsmatmif vkyf&onf/ zwfolvnf;
'ufceJem;vnfatmif tm;xkwf&onf/ &o(cHpm;csuf[kvnf; ajymEkdifonf/)ygatmifBudK;
pm;&onf/ tcsufrsm;tm;vkH;(odkYr[kwf)awmfawmfrsm;rsm;jynfhpkHygrS pmaumif;jzpfEkdif
vdrrhf nf/ xkt
d xJwiG f uAsmudk bmomjyef&onfu yk
d cufonf/ uAsm\oabmuku
d t>ruf
xif&Hk t&dyjf y&krH Qom jzpfonf/ uAsmonf pum;ajyvkd ajzmifah jzmifw
h ef;wef; ajymonfr[kw/f
oG,fum0dkufum &kd;um&dyfumrQavmufom ajymonf/ wGif bmomjyefvkdufaomtcg t
euft"dyg,fonf ykdikyfoGm;&onf/ rikyfbJ aer&awmh/
uAsmudk bmomjyefvkdufonfESifhrl&if;uAsmwGifygonfhe&D? um&ef? toHESifhpum;vkH;
tvSwkdYudk pGefYvTwfcJh&awmhonf/ teD;uyfqkH;jzpfatmifom tm;xkwf&awmhonf/ rQ
avmufudkyif tcgcyfodrf; r&/ uAsm\0dnmOfudk &atmif zrf;EkdifonfqkdvQif awmfvSNyD/
uRefawmfEiS ahf rmifomEk;d wko
Yd nf wpfvrf;vk;H acwfay:taemufwidk ;f uAsmtaMumif;
udk aqG;aEG;vmMuonf/ xkdrS uAsmbmomjyefrsm;taMumif;? oabmwlonfh tcsufvnf;
&S
d rwlonft
h csufvnf; &SMd uonf/ uRefawmfwq
Ydk w
D iG f Ekid if jH cm;bmomuAsmudk ,ckrS pwif
jyefqpdk jzpf&m uAsmbmomjyefvyk if ef;onf rsm;pGmEke,fao;onf/ rnfonfeh nf;onf trSef
[k ykHaoum;us rajymEkdifao;/ prf;oyfMunfh&vdrfhOD;rnf/ oD0&Dwpfck rSef? rrSefudk vufawGY
prf;oyfMunfjh cif;jzifo
h m qk;H jzwfEidk rf nfr[kwaf vm/ prf;oyf&if; trSm;udv
k nf; awGEY idk o
f nf/
xkdtrSm;udk jyif&if;jzifhom trSefudk a&mufEdkifayonf/
uRefawmfwkdYwGif acwfay: taemufwkdif;uAsmpmtkyf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; ygvm
onf/ uGmpDrkd;'dk;? ya&;Am;? avmfum? eD&l'g? aAmhZaeZif;puD;ponf. . . /

oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

185

ajrjyefu
Y aEGwiG f &Gu0f gwGif zk;H aeaomfvnf; uavmrS aEG&ufrsm;um; tpdr;f a&mifviG f
qJ/ ,luvpfwyf&eHYESifhxif;&SL;eHYu oif;xkHvsuf/
uRefawmfwkdY\c&D;tqkH;rSm uavmjzpfonf/ uavmwGif pwnf;csNyD; teD;ywf0ef;
usifodkY avQmufvnf&ef jzpfonf/ rvnfjzpfvQifvnf; uavm\xif;&SL;eHYoif;oif;xJwGif
pmzwfEdkifonf/ pma&;Ekdifonf/ NrdKUay:wGif xl;xl;axGaxG oGm;p&mr&Sd/ ,mOftoGm;tvm
&Iyaf xG;jcif; r&S/d reufvif;vQif xif;&SL;awmawGxJ vrf;avQmuf/ wpfaeukef xdik
f pmzwf?
pma&;/ naewkdifvQif NrdKUywfvrf;twkdif; vrf;avQmuf/
rdwaf qGwpfa,mufu olaY etdrw
f iG af e&ef pma&;ay;vku
d o
f jzifh uRefawmfwt
dYk zkYd rsm;
pGm tcefYoifhaeonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf wpfcgu ynma&;0efBuD;jzpfcJhonfhrdwDvmOD;b&if
tdrfodkY yxr0ifMuonf/ rdwDvmOD;b&if\om;wpfa,mufrSm uRefawmfESifhausmif;aezuf
jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif olu
Y kd rawG&Y / &efuek o
f Ykd a&mufaeonf[k od&\/ olu
Y kd rawG&Y aomfvnf;
udpr&Sdyg/ rnfolYtdrfwGifrS wnf;ckdjcif; rjyKvkdonfhtwGuf &efukefrS rxGufrDuwnf;u u
avmwGif bef*vkd iSm;&ef vSrf; pDpOfcJhMuonf/ aemufqkH;wGif rdwfaqGwpfa,muf\bef*
vkdudk &onf/ olYbef*vkdwGif rnfolrQr&Sd/ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf wnf;ckdEdkifonf[kqkdojzifh uRef
awmfwkdYtzdkY rsm;pGm tqifajyoGm;onf/ olYbef*vkdukd tyfxm;onfhrdwDvmOD;b&if\ZeD;
vufodkY pmwpfapmif a&;ay;vkdufonf/
rdwDvmOD;b&if\ZeD;u touf 70 ausmfcefY/ odkYwkdifatmif usef;rmzswfvwfqJ/
qHyifrsm;wGirf l aiGa&miforf;pjyKNyD/ uRefawmfwYdk a&mufonft
h csdew
f iG f rdwv
D mOD;b&if\ZeD;
onf jcHxJwGif tvkyfvkyfaeonf/
]]vmMu. . . vmMu pma&;q&mawG? r[kwfvm;/ pma&;q&mawG vmr,fqkdwm &efukef
u pm&w,f}}
&efuek u
f ay;vku
d o
f nfrh w
d q
f ufpmudk ray;cif OD;b&if\ZeD;u ajymonf/ OD;b&if\
ZeD;aomhwGJudk ukdif uRefawmfwkdYudk ac:oGm;onf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf txkyftydk;rsm; qGJum rsufapmif;xkd;&Sd bef*vkdwpfckqDodkY vmcJhMu
onf/ bef*vkdu uavmNrdKUudk ywfxm;onfhqmMuLvm&kwfac: NrdKUywfvrf;ay:rSm &Sdonf/
tdycf ef;ESpcf ef;? xrif;pm;cef;? rD;vif;zkBd uD;&So
d nf/ {nfch ef;wkjYd zifh Oa&myqefqef aqmufxm;
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

(3)

186

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

onfhaumwdwfcsfwpfvkH; jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,muftzkdYum; rsm;pGm us,f0ef;aeay


onf/
uRefawmfwkYdESifhtwl bef*vkdodkYvkdufvmonhfOD;b&if\ZeD;onf a*:&cg;trsKd;om;
trnfwpfckudk vSrf;ac:vkdufonf/ xkdtrnfudkvnf; uRefawmfaumif;aumif;rSwfrdvkdufMu
ygonf/ rrSwfrdbJ &Sdygrnfavm/ xkdtrnfu a*:&cg;trsKd;om;wkdY rSnfhavhrSnfhx&Sdaom
emrnf/ xkdtrnfu A[m'l;/
touf 50 ausmfcefY&Sdonfha*:&cg;trsKd;om;onf uav;awG? acG;awG jcH&Hum olYpH
&maemufaz;wJukyfrS xGufvmonf/
A[m'l;onf arNrdKUayguf a*:&cg;trsKd;om;wpfOD; jzpf\/ jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd rsm;pGmaom
a*:&cg;trsKd;om;rsm;uJo
h yYkd if A[m'l;onfvnf; t*Fvyd af cwf bm;rm;&kifd zf ,fwyfom;wpf
a,muf jzpfcJhavonf/ ppfNyD;onfhaemuf jrefrmtrsKd;orD;wpfa,mufESifhtdrfaxmifusum
uavmwpf0dkufwGif awmif,mvkyfaejcif; jzpfonf/
A[m'l;u rsufEmS 0dik ;f 0kid ;f ? rsufv;Hk jyL;jyL;? txl;jcm;qk;H rSm tzsm;aumhaeonfEh w
I f
crf;arT;um;um;BuD;rsm; jzpfonf/ awmifhwif;MuHhckdifonfholYcEmukd,fESifhvnf;aumif;? aoG;
a&mifvQrf;um eDndKndKjzpfaeonfhrsufESm0dkif;0dkif;BuD;ESifhvnf;aumif; rsm;pGmvkdufzufonfh
EIwfcrf;arT;um;um;BuD;rsm;ygwnf;/
]][Jh A[m'l;? a[m'g &efukefu vmwJh eifhtpfr&JUrdwfaqGawG/ 'DrSm wpfvavmuf t
em;,lrvkdY? vkdwm&SdorQ vkyfay;vkdufyg}}[k rdwDvmOD;b&if\ZeD;u ajymonf/
A[m'l;\om;rsm;u uRefawmfwkdY 0efpnfpv,frsm;udk tdrfxJokdY oGif;oGm;Muonf/
txJodkY0ifvkdufawmh Oa&myqefqef aqmufxm;onfhaumhwdwfcsfonf uRefawmfwkYd
xifonfxuf us,f0ef;aeonf/ aumhwdwfcsf\aemufbufwGif xif;&SL;yifysKdESifh,luvpf
wyfyifysKdrsm; aygufaeonfah wmifuek ;f &So
d nf/ aumhww
d cf sfu awmifcg;yef;udjk zwf aqmuf
xm;ojzifh tdrfa&SUu csKdifh0Srf;jzpfaeonf/ csKdifh0Srf;xJwGif opfawmfyifawGukd pD pkdufxm;
onf/ opfawmfyifwef;rsm; auGyY wfwufvmonfah jreDvrf;uav;twkid ;f wufvmvQif uRef
awmfwkdY aexkdif&m aumhwdwfcsfa&SUokdY a&mufonf/ jcHa&SUu uavmNrdKU\emrnfausmf NrdKUywf
vrf;/
oD[&wempmay

naeydkif;usawmh uRefawmfwkdYonf uavmblwm&kHbufodkY qif; pm;p&m? aomuf


p&mrsm;udk 0,fMuonf/ eD;onfhc&D;r[kwfyg/ toGm;tjyefqkdvQif ESpfrkdfifausmf okH;rkdifeD;yg;
&Sdvdrfhrnf/
uavmblwm&kHum; Oa&myyef;csDum;xJrS t&kyfuav;wpfckvkd vSaeonf/ uavm
blwmwGif uefx&ku
d q
f o
JG nfx
h rif;qkid &f iS u
f udw
k ifah Zmfqo
dk nfv
h il ,fwpfO;D / &efuek w
f uov
dk f
rS 0gPdZbGJY&NyD;aemuf rdbvufikwfvkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfaeol jzpfygonf/ rnfodkYowif;
&onfrod/ uRefawmfwkdYudk odaeonf/
uavm\aEGqnf;qmrsm;u at;pdrahf eonf/ uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf pum;wajymajymjzifh
xif;&SL;yifawG a0aeonfhNrdKUywfvrf;twkdif; ukef;ay:odkY jyefwufcJhMu\/
A[m'l;onf uRefawmfwkdYudk npm toifhjyif apmifhaeavonf/ wpfnaetwGuf
olYudk rSmypfcJhojzifh jyifxm;jcif;jzpf\/ npmqkdaomfvnf; xl;xl;axGaxG r[kwfyg/ <uyf&G
aeonfhyl'D? rqvmEkdifEkdifESifhcsufxm;onfh&kH;ywDESifhtmvl;bm*sDwpfcGuf? rwfyJ csyfweD;wkdY
om jzpfonf/
(4)
reufvif;awmh NrdKUywfvrf;twkdif; uRefawmfwkdY vrf;avQmufMuonf/ NrdKUywfvrf;
wpfavQmufu tdrfrsm;rSm Oa&myykHpH aqmufxm;onfhtdrfawGcsnf;/ wpfcg t*Fvdyft&m&Sd
rsm;? Oa&mywkdufom;rsm;aecJhMuonfhtdrfrsm; jzpfonf/ ,ckawmh yifpifpm;t&m&SdBuD;rsm;
ESifh&efukefrS aiGaMu;wwfEkdifolrsm;u 0,fxm;Muonf/ uRefawmfwkdYwnf;onfhbef*vkdyif
vQif wpfcgu arm&pfaumvpf aeoGm;zl;onfhtdrfjzpfNyD; tqifhqifhvufajymif;um ,ckykdif
&SifvufxJodkY a&mufvmjcif;jzpfonf[k od&onf/ NrdKUywfvrf;tv,favmufwGif pwkef;
a[mufpfac: ausmufwkdufukdMunfhMuonf/ tdrfxJodkY 0ifMunfhjcif; r[kwfyg/ tjyifrS vSrf;
arQmfMunfh&kHrQom jzpfyg\/ ausmufwkH;BuD;rsm;udk pD aqmufxm;aomwkdufjzpfavonf/
vrf;wpfavQmufvkH; ukef;wufukef;qif;uav;awGjzifh jynfhaeonf/ uavm\aEG
&ufrsm;onf jrLZmy0gyg;yg;udk vTrf;jcKHxm;onfhES,f/ xif;&SL;yifrsm;? ,luvpfwyfyifrsm;
u 0kd;wkd;0g;wm; ay:aeMuonf/ ta0;rS MunfhvQif awm&dyfrIdif;rIdif;udkom awGY&\/ teD;
a&mufawmhrS tyif\trsKd;trnfudk cGJjcm;Ekdifawmhonf/
wpfae&mwGif csKdi0hf rS ;f xJ a&mufaeonf,
h mawmuav;wpfcu
k kd awG&Y ojzifh uRefawmf
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

187

188

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

wkdY csKdifhxJodkY qif;MunfhMuonf/ ,mwJuav;u ,kdifwD;,kdifwkdif/ wJa&SUwGif vSnf;tdkwpfpD;/


vSnf;axmufjzKwf csxm;onf/ a&wGif;rS armif;vufoHu wusDusD/ acG;a[mifoHu urf;
yg;,HokdY ysHwufvm\/ wJqDrS rD;ckd;wtltl xGufaeonf/ wu,fhawmobm0&IarQmfcif; yef;
csDuav;wpfcsyf/
,mwJ&Sifu uRefawmfwkdYudk aumif;pGm qD;BudK{nfhcHonf/ olY,mcif;wGif opmyef;rsm;?
tmz&duefa'pDrsm;ESifhEkdukd? a*:&cg;? yef;a*:zDponfhoD;ESHrsm;udk pdkufonf/
]]wGufajcukduf&JUvm;q&mBuD;}}
uRefawmfwkdYu ar;onf/ "EktrsKd;om;BuD;u oGm;rnf;rnf;awG ay:atmifjyKH;um
]]ukdufw,fvkdYawmh r[kwfbl;av? 'DvkdyJ &&pm;pm;aygh/ orD;av;udk ausmif;xm;Ekdif
&if awmfygNyD/ q,fwef;av; atmif&kHavmufawmh xm;&OD;rSmyJ}}
armif;vufjzihf a&qGJaeaomrdef;uav;ukd ar;aighjyonf/
]]aMomf. . . olu ausmif;olvm;}}
]][kwfw,f? uavm t-x-urSm ukd;wef;a&mufaeNyD/ ausmif;roGm;cif tyifawG
a&avmif;? qGwfwefwm qGwfNyD;rS ausmif;wuf&w,f/ NyD;awmh xrif;av; [if;av; csuf?
ausmif;wuf}}
]]toD;tESHawGukdawmh b,frSmoGm;a&mif;ovJ}}
]]uavmaps;xJrSm olYtaru oGm;a&mif;w,fav}}
uRefawmfwkdYonf "Ekom;tzudk EIwfqufNyD;aemuf NrdKUywfvrf;ukef;ay:odkY wufum
quf avQmufvmcJhMuonf/
NrdKUywfvrf;ay:odkY jyefwufrdonfhtcgwGif aexGufpjyKvmNyD/ aejcnfEkEku xif;&SL;
yifrsm;Mum;xJokdY avQmusvm\/ OMou xif;&SL;yifrsm;Mum;wGif vSnfhvnfum aw;qkd
vsuf/

oD[&wempmay

]]oifykef;ausmufa&mif awmifwef;awGu
cspfol&JUqHjrEG,f
aejcnfu a&TqHxkd;}}
armifomEkd;u t*Fvdyfvkd uAsmav;wpfyk'fudk vufwef;&Gwfonf/
onfawmh uRefawmfuvnf; tm;usrcH uAsmav;wpfyk'fukd vufwef;&Gwfonf/
]]ykdif;yifawG&JU&eHYu cspfol&JUukd,foif;eHY
ykdif;&Gufcsif; xdyGwfoHu cspfol&JUwD;wkd;oH}}
uRefawmfEiS ahf rmifomEk;d onf acwfay:taemufwidk ;f uAsmtaMumif;udk vrf;avQmuf
&if; aqG;aEG;jzpfMuonf/
]acwfay:uAsm}[k uRefawmfwu
Ydk ac:aeMuonf]h armf'efy,
dk ufx&D}\oufwrf;onf
bmrQrMumao;/ tvGefqkH;&SdrQ tESpf 50avmufom&SdOD;rnf/ rwf0g'DwkdYurl acwfay:uAsm
onf t*FvefwGif pufrIawmfvSefa&;NyD;onhfaemufrS ay:aygufvmonfh"e&Sifvlwef;pm;\
uAsmopfjzpfonf[k qkMd uonf/ c&pwzkd maumvf'0f v
J \
f ]twkta,mifEiS t
hf ppftrSe}f usrf;
wGif olu t*FvdyfpufrIvufrIawmfvSefa&;aemufydkif;wGif ay:aygufvmonfhuAsmrsm;tm;
vk;H ukd acwfay:uAsm[k owfrw
S af y;onf/ olo
Y wfrw
S cf sufrmS pufraI wmfveS af &;rwkid rf w
D ek ;f
u ay:aygufcJhonfhpdwful;,Of0g'? *E0if0g'wdkYESifhjcm;em;atmif qkdjcif;jzpfykH&onf/ tuf
Z&maygif;? wDtufpftJva,mhponfhuAsmq&mwkdYurl ,ckuRefawmfwkdYu acwfay:uAsm[k
ac:aeMuonfharmf'efykd,ufx&Donf 20 &mpkxJusrS ay:aygufvmonfhypnf;[k,lqMu
onf/ olwkdYajymonfhacwfay:uAsmrSm uAsLya'otopfjzifh zGJYxm;onfhuAsmudk qkdvkdjcif;
jzpfonf/ wGif c&pwkdzmaumfvf0JvfESifhtufZ&maygif; polwkdYacwfay:uAsmudk teufzGifh
&mwGif uGv
J aJG eaMumif; awG&Y onf/ aumfv'f 0f v
J u
f taMumif;t&mudk OD;pm;ay; ajymonf/
aygif;u ed&nf;udk t"duajymonf/ tufZ&maygif;onf taemufwkdif;uAsmwGif edrdwfykH
0g'ukd yxrqkH; pwifokH;pGJolwpfOD; jzpf\/ aygif;u w&kwfpmay uRrf;usifonf/ wefrif;
qufuAsmrsm;udk zwf&if; w&kwfuAsmrsm;wGif edrdwfykHrsm;udk oGm;awGYonf/ okdYjzifh aygif;
onf taemufwkdif;uAsmrsm;xJwGif edrdwfykHrsm;udk pwifokH;pGJvmcJhonf/ ]edrdwfykHqkdonfrSm
todw&m;ESichf pH m;rIw&m; tpktaygif;udk w'*FrQom tcsdeu
f av;twGi;f wGi(f jrifom? xif
omatmif)wifjyaomt&m jzpfonf}[k tufZ&maygif;u teufzGifhcJhonf/
okdY&mwGif edrdwfykH0g'ukd taemufwkdif;rwf0g'DuAsmq&mrsm;? ynm&Sifrsm;u cyfapm
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

189

190

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

apmykid ;f u vufrcHcMhJ u/ aygif;onf ppftwGi;f u tDwvDjynfwiG f aexkid u


f m zufqpf0g'wGif
ouf0ifcJhonf/ [pfwvmudk ol&Jaumif;[kqkd ukd;uG,fcJhonf/ &efolESifhaygif;cJhonf/ ppf
NyD;onfhtcsdefwGif r[mrdwfwkdYu zrf;qD;NyD; olYudk &kH;wifw&m;pGJcJhonf/
taemufwkdif; rwf0g'Dq&mrsm;u tufZ&maygif;\edrdwfykH0g'udk vufrcHMujcif;rSm
EkdifiHa&;taMumif;rsm;aMumifh jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifonf/ pifppf pmaytEkynmon fedrdwfykH
ESifhruif;Ekdif/ ]uAsmqkdwm pdwful;udk ydkYaqmifay;zkdYtwGuf edrdwfykHawGudk okH;&w,f}[k armf
pDwkef;u ajymcJhzl;onf r[kwfavm/

(5)
uavmNrdKUywfvrf;onf emrnfausmfoavmuf vSonf/ uavmNrdKUu csKdi0hf rS ;f xJwiG f
&SdaeNyD; NrdKUywfvrf;rSm uavmNrdKUudk ywfywfvnf 0dkif;&Hxm;onfhawmifukef;awGay:rSm&Sdo
jzifh NrdKUukd pD; jrif&onf/ NrdKUywfvrf;onf awmifukef;awGay:rSm auGYaumufaeonf/ w
csKdUae&mrsm;wGif edrfhoGm;NyD; wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif jrifhwufoGm;ojzifh vrf;avQmufvnf;
aumif;onf/
csKdifh0Srf;xJu tdrfrsm;rSm jrefrmtdrfrsm;jzpfNyD; NrdKUywfvrf;wpfavQmufu tdrfrsm;rSm
t*Fvyd yf pHk H aqmufxm;onft
h rd af wGcsnf;jzpf\/ uavmonf wpfcgu t*Fvyd w
f \
Ydk aEG&moD
pcef;NrdKU jzpfcahJ v&m taemufwidk ;f [ef? taemufwidk ;f ykpH o
H nf ajc&mvuf&mrysuf usefcahJ v
onf/
jcHBuD;awGu us,fonf/ jcHt0ifu uw&mvrf;wpfavQmufwGif xif;&SL;yifawG? ,l
uvpfyifawGu tpdrf;a&mifvGifaeMuonf/ tdrfawGuvnf; vSvSuav;awG/ NrdKUywfvrf;
tv,fwpfae&mta&mufwiG f vSycrf;em;onft
h rd Bf uD;wpfaqmifukd awG&Y onf/ eef;usya'
o&mZfwpfO;D \aEG&moDpt
H rd jf zpfaMumif; od&\/ aumif;pGmjyKpkxm;onfph rd ;f vJah omjrufcif;
wpfckay;wGif qHwkdukyf0JESifholi,frESifholi,fracsmacsmuav;wpfa,muf/ acgif;ay:wGif
bDtkdatpDav,mOfr,fawG aqmif;onfhzD'kd&mOD;xkyfudk rxdwxd wifxm;\/ jrufcif;ay:
wGif jrL;xl;ckefaygufum tarG;pkwfzGm;acG;uav;ESpfaumifESifhupm;aeonfudk awGY&onf/
olu arG;yGabmvkH;uav;udk ypfvkduf? acG;uav;ESpfaumifu ajy; ukdufcsDNyD; ocifrqD
jyefvmvkduf/
oD[&wempmay

uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,mufonf Munhfaumif;aumif;jzifh xkd&Icif;udk &yf MunfhaerdMu


onf/ acG;uav;ESpfaumifu olwkdYykdifeufteD;wGif vm &yf&ygrnfavmqkdonfhoabmjzifh
uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,mufudk Munfha[mifMuygonf/ apmapmu qnf;vnf;oHvkd vGifaom
toHcsKdcsKdjzifh jrL;aeonfo
h cifrvSvu
S av;u t&,f&yfum uRefawmfwEYdk pS af ,mufukd rsuf
arSmifukwf Munfhaeonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf qufavQmufvmcJhMu\/
]]jcm;em;wJhjrifuGif;ESpfck}}[k armifomEkd;u t*Fvdyfvkd rSwfcsufcsonf/ apmapmu
jrifc&hJ onf"h Ekrav;ESiyhf a'o&mZf\orD;ysKduav;\jrifuiG ;f ESpcf u
k kd ,SO
f ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
uRefawmfvnf; xkdjrifuGif;ESpfckudk jrifa,mifaeygonf/ apmapmu jrifcJh&onfh"Ekr
uav;u tvkyforuav;/ awmif,mvkyfaeonfholi,fruav;/ tom;tenf;i,fndK
onfhwkdif Munfhaumif;onf/ ajyjypfonf/ olYezl;ay:wGif acR;oD;uav;awG pkdYaeonf/
tusuav;u cyfErG ;f EGr;f / 0wfxm;onfah usmif;pdr;f vkcH snfuav;u tpdr;f a&mifviG jhf y,fp
jyKum tjzLbufodkYvkaeNyD/ olYqHyifrsm;onf qDESifha0;ojzifh eDaMumifaMumifjzpfum zGm&m
BuJae\/ armif;vufrS a&yku
H kd qGaJ eonfo
h v
Yl ufarmif;om;rsm;onf aexdojzifh ndKaeonfh
wkdif awmifhwif;uspfvpfaeMuonf/ olYtom;onf acR;aygufwkdYjzifh pkd0if;aeonf/
,ck uRefawmfwkdY jrifcJh&onfhya'o&mZf\orD;ysKd(ajr;ysKdvnf; jzpfEkdifyg\)\tvS
um; "Ekrav;\tvSESifhrwl/ olYtvSu vkyfvJhvkyfvD a&Tykd;wDodkYqkdonfhtvSrsKd;/ zefaygif;
acsmifxJu tvSrsKd;/
armifomEkd;ajymouJhodkY jcm;em;onfhjrifuGif;ESpfckrQom ruyg/ jcm;em;onfhtvSESpf
rsKd;vnf; jzpfygonf/ obm0tvSESifhzefaygif;acsmifxJu tvSuJhodkY olwkdYESpfOD;\tvSonf
jcm;em;aeMuygonf/
tvSw&m;ESifhywfouf ynm&SdokcrdefwkdYu oD0&DtrsKd;rsKd;ukd zGifhqkdcJhMuvSNyD/ tqkd
trdeaYf wG rnfrQuGjJ ym;apumrl csKyfvu
dk v
f Qif ESprf sKd;wnf;om&Sad Mumif;ukd awG&Y onf/ wpfrsKd;
u pdwf0g' tbd"rmodkYET,fonfhoD0&Djzpf aemufwpfrsKd;u &kyf0g'tbd"rmokdYET,fonfhoD0
&DwkdY jzpfMuonf/
*smreftbd"rmq&muefYu ]tvSw&m;[lonf uRefawmfwkdYpdwf\tjyifywGif trSef
wu,f wnf&Sdonfht&m r[kwf/ uRefawmfwkdY\pdwf? uRefawmfwkdY\txifukd rSDwnf ae
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

191

192

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

onfht&mrQomjzpfonf}[k ajymcJhonf/ uefY\t,ltqonf tvSw&m;ESifhywfouf t


pGe;f ta&mufq;Hk aompdw0f g'tjrif jzpfayonf/ pdw0f g'tbd"rmESiEhf ,
T o
f nft
h vSw&m;qkid f
&m trsKd;rsKd;aom tqkdyguefY\oD0&DwGif jrpfzsm;cHMuonf/
aemufwpfrsKd;rSm tpGef;ta&mufqkH;aom&kyf0g'odkYET,fonfhtvSw&m;ESifhywfouf
onfht,ltqjzpfonf/ xkdt,ltqudk a&SUaqmifolrSm obm0odyHynm&Sif'g0ifjzpf\/ 'g
0ifu ]tvSw&m;qkdif&m cHpm;csuf? tvSudk cHpm;rIonf tqifhjrifhow0g(vl)wkdYwGifomru
uvif;rd'adk qm&D;,m;ac: yufusd? c&k? urmponft
h qifeh rd o
hf w0grsm;wGif &So
d nf[q
k o
dk nf/
tcsKdUaomtqifhedrfhow0grsm;onf tcsKdUaomtoHrsm; ta&mifrsm;udk ESpfoufMuonf[k
'g0ifu axmufjyonf/ tcsKdUaomiSufrrsm;onf iSufzdkrsm;\om,maomtoH? iSufzkdrsm;
\vSyaomtawmifrsm;? tarmufrsm;udk ESpo
f ufMuonf[k qko
d nf/ a'gif;zko
d nf a'gif;r\
tvSukd cHpm;rdonf/ odjYk zifh a'gif;zkw
d iG f wyfrufaompdww
f jYdk zpfay:vm&onf[k 'g0ifu ouf
aoxlcJhonf/
uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,mufonf vrf;avQmuf&if; acwfopftvSw&m;qkdif&m t,ltq
rsm;udkvnf; aqG;aEG;jzpfMuonf/
]]'g0if&JUtvkdt& MoumoavmuBuD;rSm tvSty[m ray:cifuwnf;u &SdcJhw,f
vkdYqkdw,fAs? obm0w&m;BuD;[m vlawG&JUrsufpdyom'rSm vSaeatmif yef;awGudk yGifhay;cJh
wm r[kwfbl;/ vdyfjympwJhydk;rTm;wd&pmefawGudk jrLqG,fjzm;a,mif;zkdYrtwGuf yef;awGudk yGifh
ay;cJhwm jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dykd;rTm;awGu yef;yGifh? yef;rIefawGudk pm;okH;Mujcif;jzifhomvQif tyif
avmuBuD;[m rsKd;qufjyefyY mG ;xkwv
f yk Ef idk af yw,fvYdk 'g0ifu ,lqw,f/ tvm;wlyJ obm0
BuD;[m c&kcGHvSvSuav;awG iSufuav;awG zefqif;cJh&mrSm vlawG yom'vSatmif zefwD;
ay;cJhwm r[kwfbl;/ wd&pmefavmuBuD; wnfwHha&;twGuf? jyefvnfxkwfvkyfa&;twGuf
zefqif;ay;cJhwmjzpfw,fvkdYqkdw,f/ 'g0if&JUw&m;[m pdwf0g'tbd"rm&JUtvSw&m;qkdif&m
cH,cl sufawGudk vk;H vk;H jiif;ypfvu
dk w
f ,f/ 'gayr,fh 'g0if[m vlew
YJ &d pmefudk cGjJ cm;rMunfah wmh
bJ tqifhjrifhow0geJYtqifhedrfhow0gqkdNyD; puf&kyfqefqef cGJjcm;ypfvkdufw,f/ 'g[m 'g0if
&JUtrSm;yJvkdY rwf0g'DawGu qkdMuw,f}}
armifomEkd;u acgif;ndwfonf/
]]rwf0g'DawGuawmh 'g0if[m tvSw&m;qkdif&m t,ltqudk wifjywJhae&mrSm obm
0MoumoavmuBuD;qkw
d b
hJ ufwpfbufwnf;udo
k m Munfo
h mG ;w,f/ wpfenf;ajym&if obm
0BuD;&JUed,mrw&m;wpfckwnf;ukdom tav;wif ajymoGm;w,f/ vlawG&JUed,mrw&m;udk
oD[&wempmay

awmh ajymjyroGm;bl;/ wpfenf;ajym&&if vlaY vmu&JUvlraI &;qkid &f m ed,mrw&m;awG? orkid ;f


qkdif&m ed,mrw&m;awGudk xnfhoGif;wGufcsuf roGm;bl;vkdY ,lqMuw,f/ vl[m tqifhedrfh
ow0grsm;vkd obm0BuD;&JUtvSudk cHpm;&kHwif rubl;/ obm0BuD;vkdyJ tvStyudk zefqif;
Ekid w
f phJ rG ;f yum;eJjY ynfph w
Hk ,f/ tvSty zefw;D Ekid w
f phJ rG ;f yum; ydrk jdk rifrh m;vmwmeJt
Y rQ tvSty
udk cHpm;EkdifwJhtpGrf;owd[mvJ ydkrkdjrifhrm;vmcJhw,f/ 'g[m vleJYtqifhedrfhow0grsm;&JUjcm;
em;csufjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh tvStyypn;f wpfcu
k kd Munfw
h ahJ e&mrSm tvSukd t<uif;rJyh pn;f
wpf&yf? oD;jcm;uif;vGwaf ewJt
h &mwpf&yftaeeJY rMunft
h yfb;l / orkid ;f a&;ed,mreJv
Y rl aI &;
ed,mrwkdYeJYqufEG,fNyD; Munfhtyfw,fvkdYrwf0g'DawGu ,lqMuw,f}}
uRefawmfwkdYa&SUwGif ytkdYtrsKd;orD;wpfcsKdU jzwfavQmufoGm;Muonf/ olwkdYwpfukd,f
vk;H teufawG 0wfxm;Mu\/ uavmaps;aeYjzpfojzifh aps;rS jyefvmMujcif; jzpf[efwo
l nf/
]]ytkdYtrsKd;orD;awG teufawG 0wfxm;w,f? olwkdYtjrifrSmawmh vSaumif; vSaerSm
yJ/ uRefawmfwkdYqDu wcsKdUvlrsKd;pk trsKd;orD;awG yg;&Jxkd;Muw,f/ wcsKdUvlrsKd;pk trsKd;orD;
awGusawmhvJ vnfyif;rSm aMu;uGi;f pGyMf uw,f/ uRefawmfwt
Ydk jrifrmS vScsifrS vSr,f/ 'gay
r,fh olwkdYtjrifrSawmh vSvkdYjzpfrSmyJ/ 'Doabmt& Munhf&if tvSw&m;udk obm0u zefwD;
qkH;jzwfw,fqkdwm xif&Sm;w,f/ orkdif;t&? ,Ofaus;rIt& a&SUwef;a&mufaewJhvlrsKd;wpf
rsKd;eJYaemufususef&pfcJhwJhvlrsKd;wpfrsKd;[m tvSw&m;ukd jrifhykHjrifenf;rSm rwlEkdifMubl;/ t
vm;wlyJ vlwpfa,mufeJYwpfa,mufrSmvJ tvSudk jrifhykHjrifenf; rwlEkdifaybl;/ wpfOD;pD wpf
OD;pD&JUvlrIa&;? tawGYtMuKHorkdif;a&;? tawGYtMuKHukd vkdufNyD; tvSudk jrifykHcsif;[mvnf;
uGJjym;jcm;em;Muw,f/ ck uRefawmfwkdYjrifcJhwJholi,frav;ESpfa,muf&JUtvSudk MunfhwJhae&m
rSm uRefawmfweYdk u
YJ m,tvkyo
f rm;wpfa,mufjrify[
Hk m wlrmS r[kwb
f ;l vkYd uRefawmfxifw,f/
olwkdYtjrifrSm ya'o&mZf&JUorD;ysKduav;[m vSaumif;vSaeayr,fh tvkyform;BuD;&JUt
jrifrSmawmh "Ekruav;[m ydkNyD;vScsif vSaeayvdrfhr,f}}
uRefawmfonf w&kwjf ynf,Ofaus;rIawmfveS af &;umvtwGi;f u acwfpm;cJo
h nf]h tkid f
,ef[kdif;\aw;oH}qkdonfh0wKBuD;xJwGif tvSbGJYudkoGm; trSwf&onf/ v,form;BuD;wpf
OD;\yJh&GJUaeaomvufonf;rsm;? Murf;wrf;rmausmaeonfhvufz0g;BuD;rsm;? aygufwl;ukdif
onfhvufMurf;BuD;rsm;? &THUawGayaeonfhvufBuD;rsm;udk tao;pdwf zGJYxm;um xkdvufrsm;
onf tvS\wnf&m? tvSpka0;&m[kqkdxm;onf/ enf;jzifh olwkdYvlYtzGJYtpnf;wGif tvS
w&m;qkdif&mtjrifudk ajymif;&ef BudK;pm;aeMuonf/ tvkyfonf tvSw&m;qkdonfhtjrifudk
pdkufxl&ef BudK;pm;aeMuonf/
[kwfonf/ tvSw&m;qkdif&m tjrifudk orkdif;a&;ed,mrrsm;ESifhvlrIa&;ed,mrrsm;u
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

193

194

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

qkH;jzwfjy|mef;ayonf/
ESpfem&Dausmfausmfavmuf avQmufrdonfhtcgwGif NrdKUywfvrf;tpGef;odkYa&mufvmcJh
Muonf/ NrdKUywfvrf;tqkH;wGif vrf;onf wjznf;jznf; edrfhqif;oGm;NyD; csKdifh0Srf;xJodkY a&muf
oGm;onf/ aMu;&wwfw\
Ydk pHtrd rf sm;r&SMd uawmh/ pdu
k cf if;rsm;? jcHrsm;ESiahf wmif,morm;rsm;
\tdrfukyfuav;rsm;udkom awGY&awmhonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf awmifBuD;oGm;onfhaywpf&mvrf;rBuD;ukd jzwfausmfum uavm
aps;xJodkY avQmufMunfhMuonf/
uavmaps;rSm 5 &ufwpfaps; jzpfavonf/
aps;xJwGif &GmeD;csKyfpyfrSvnf;aumif;? awmif&kd;rsm;tay:rSvnf;aumif; qif;vm
onfhaps;0,folrsm;udk awGY&onf/ trsm;tm;jzifh &Srf;? "Ek? awmif&kd;? vt,fponfhvlrsKd;pk
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdYum; xdkvlrsKd;pkrsm;udk cGJjcm; rodEkdifyg/ tm;vkH;teufa&mif
awG 0wfxm;MujyefonfhtcgwGif ydkyif trSwf&cufaeonf/
olwkdYbmompum;rsm;udkvnf; uRefawmfwkdY wpfvkH;rS em;rvnf/ pum;rsm;uvnf;
cyfqifqif? pum;oH 0JykHuvnf; cyfqifqif/
vGecf o
hJ nfh 4 ESpaf vmufwek ;f u jyifopfvrl sKd; bmomaA'ynm&Siv
f ifr,m;a&mufvm
NyD; olwkdYESifhtwl wpfvMumrQ aexkdifum olwkdYpum;udk avhvmoGm;onf[k od&onf/
]]uJ udkomEkd;? cifAsm;u bmomaA'orm;/ olwkdYtaMumif;udk? olwkdYpum;udk avhvm
NyD; ra&;oifhaybl;vm;}}
uRefawmfu ar;onf/ armifomEkd;u yckH;udk wGefYjyvkdufNyD;
]]avhvmoifhw,fqkdwm [kwfwmaygh/ 'gayr,fh tcsdefb,frSm&SdvkdYvJ/ uRefawmfhukd
b,folu xrif;auR;xm;rvJ? p&dwfpuawGu b,fu &rvJ? ckawmifrS q,fwef;pmar;yGJ
awGNyD;vkdY vmEkdifwm/ EkdYrkd&if wpfaeYvkH; ausmif;wufpmjyae&wmeJY zwfzwfudk armvkdY? bm
omaA'udk pdwfawmif r0ifpm;Ekdifbl;}}
armifomEkd;\tjzpfudk uRefawmf udk,fcsif;pmEkdifygonf/ ukd,f0goemyg&mudk vkyfEkdif
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

195

uRefawmfwkdYonf aps;xJrSm avQmufNyD; uavmwGif emrnftBuD;qkH;jzpfonfh &Srf;


xrif;csOfqidk o
f 0Ydk if xrif;csOfpm;Muonf/ tvGeaf p;aom&Sr;f qefukd ig;ESiehf ,fNyD; MuufoeG f
qDcsuf? iHjym&nf? tcsOf&nf? i&kwfoD;rIefY? *sL;jrpfponfwdkY tcsKd;usatmif xnhfokyfxm;
onfhtokyfwpfrsKd;jzpfygonf/ ap;vGef;? tDvGef;? qdrfhvGef;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYaumif;aumif;
rpm;Ekid yf g/
aps;udk avQmufMunfhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf wnf;ckd&mbef*vkdodkY jyefvmcJhMu
onf/

(6)
waygif;vukefcgeD;onhfwkdif uavmwGif aeYv,fqkdvQif at;pdrfhpdrfhjzpfaeao;onf/
a&csKd;NyD;aemuf csrf;ojzifh uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf apmifjcKHNyD; auG;aeMu&onf/ uavmol uavm
om;rsm;url uavmonf ,cifESifhrwlawmh/ ykdylvmNyD[k ajymMu\/ xif;&SL;yifrsm;udk
Ekid if jH cm;odyYk &Ydk ef ckwv
f yJS pfonft
h wGuaf Mumifw
h pfaMumif;? vlO;D a&rsm;vmonht
f wGuaf Mumifh
wpfaMumif; ,cifuxuf tyluJ vmonf[k olwkdYu qkdMuonf/ olwkdYtajymt& EkdifiHjcm;
odkYydkY&ef uavmwpf0dkufwGif xif;&SL;yiftyifwpfaomif;avmuf vSJypfonf[kqkdygonf/ rnf
rQ rSef? rrSefudkrl rodyg/ uavmNrdKUywfvrf;ab; csKdifhxJwGif ckwfvSJNyD; ypfxm;onfhxif;&SL;
yiftcsKdUudk jrif&onf/ 0,fol(*syef)u rBudKufojzifh usef&pfcJhonfhtyifrsm;[k NrdKUcHvlrsm;
u ajymMuonf/ vSJNyD; ty,fcH&onfhxif;&SL;yifrsm;udkMunfh ESajrmaeonf/
naeydkif;usawmh blwm&kHu ukdwifhaZmfwkdYqkdifodkYoGm; xrif;pm;NyD; uRefawmfwkdYESpf
a,muf vrf;avQmufMujyefonf/ nae 6 em&DavmufqkdvQifyif uavmNrdKUywfvrf;ay:wGif
toGm;tvmr&Sdawmh/
armifomEkd;u udktHhBuD;\NrdKifx oDcsif;udk tm;yg;w& [pfvmonf/ olYtoHonf
wdwfqdwfaeonfhawmifukef;ay:wGif yJhwifxyfaeonf/
nusawmh uavmNrdKUywfvrf;onf aeYrSmxuf ydkwdwfqdwfaeonf/ jcHBuD;awGu
tus,fBuD;awG/ wpfjcHukd av;ig;{uavmufawmh &Sv
d rd rhf nf/ xkaYd Mumifh wpfzufjcHu toHukd
aumif;aumif;rMum;&/ em;pGifh axmifrSomvQif a&'D,kdoHoJhoJhudk Mum;Ekdifonf/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

&efrSm tzufzufu tajctaeay;rSom jzpfEkdifygonf/

196

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf pmMunfph m;yGw
J iG f xkid u
f m pmzwfMu\/ armifomEk;d u ol&Y wkawGEiS hf
ol tvky&f yI af eonf/ uRefawmfum; pwefavbef;a&Sm\uAsmbmomjyefrsm;ukd zwfaeav
onf/
taemufwidk ;f acwfay:uAsmudk orkid ;f aMumif;t& avhvmonft
h cgwGif ynm&Siaf wG
wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf tqkdtrdefYawG uGJaeonfudk awGY&onf/ ,ck pwefavbef;a&Sm
uvnf;wpfrsKd;/
pwefavbef;a&SmrSm tar&duefuAsma0zefa&;orm;jzpfonf/ olu pufrIawmfvSef
a&;rS 'kwd,urmppftNyD;txd umvukd ykdYpfarm'ef(acwfay:aESmif;acwf)[kowfrSwfonf/
pwefavbef;a&Smonfvnf; tjcm;aomynm&Sirf sm;uJo
h Ykd acwfay:uAsmukd owfrw
S &f mwGif
uAsLya'oajymif;vJvmykHudk t"duxm; ajymonf/ olu acwfay:uAsmwGif ajymif;vJ
csufBuD; 3 csuf&SdaMumif;? ,if;rSm 0guszGJYykH ajymif;vJjcif;? tzGJYtEGJYajymif;vJjcif;ESifhuAsm
q&mrsm;u jyifyavmuBuD;taMumif;udk rzGJYMuawmhbJ rdrdwkdY\tm&kHrsm;? cHpm;csufrsm;ukd
zGv
YJ mMujcif;jzpfaMumif;? tcsuf 3 csufonf acwfay:uAsm\vuPmcsufrsm;jzpfaMumif;
jzifh a&;onf/ olYtqkdt& oauFw0g'? o&kyfrSefvGef0g'? edrdwfykH0g'ponfhacwfay:uAsm\
*kdPf;rsm;om jzpfMuonf/ tar&duefuAsma0zefa&;orm;a':e,fa[murl acwfay:uAsm
onf 1901 ckEpS f t*Fvyd ef ef;pH0w
d &kd ,
d bk&ifrBuD; uHawmfuek o
f nfah emufyikd ;f rMumrDwiG f tp
jyKcJhonf[kajymonf/
tcsdefumvukd owfrSwf&mwGif tqkdtrdefYawG rnfodkYuGJuGJ olwkdYtm;vkH;wGif wlnDcsuf
wpfck&Sdonf/ ,if;rSm tjcm;r[kwf/ orm;&kd;usvrf;a[mif;udk cGJxGufum ykHoPmefopfjzifh
ay:aygufvmonfu
h Asmrsm;udk acwfay:uAsm[k owfrw
S Mf ujcif;yif jzpfygonf/ taMumif;
t&mtaMumif;udk odyfrajymMu/
]]acwfay:uAsmqkdwm[m uAsmukd qkdvkdwm r[kwfbl;/ uRefawmfwkdYacwfrSm ouf&Sd
xif&Sm;&SdNyD; uAsmawGudk avmavmq,fa&;aewJhuAsmq&mudk qkdvkdwmvJ r[kwfbl;/ acwf
ay:uAsmq&mr[kwfwJhacwfNydKifuAsmq&mawG tajrmuftjrm;&SdMuw,f/ acwfay;uAsm
opfudk a&;w,f? olYuAsm[m ta[mif;eJYuGJjym;w,f/ tpOftvmeJYjcm;em;w,f/ uRefawmf
wkdY arQmfvifhxm;wmawGeJY uGJvGJw,f/ olYuAsm[m topfjzpfw,f/ acwfay:uAsmvkdYajymae
wJhae&mrSm uRefawmf[m 'Dt"dyg,feJYajymjcif;jzpfw,f/ a&S;a&mracwfwkef;uvnf; acwf
ay:uAsmq&mawG ay:aygufcJhw,f/ uJAmwfpfwkdY? uufwkvwfpfwkdYqkdwJhuAsmq&mawGaygh/
olwkdY[m orm;&kd;usr[kwfwJhtopfjzpfwJhuAsLya'oawG okH;Muw,f/ ykHpHopfawGudkokH;Mu
w,f/ wjcm;bmomu ykHoPmefopfawGudk ,lMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh olwkdYuAsmawG[m tm;
oD[&wempmay

aysmhw,f/ ysufpD;,kd,Gif;w,fvkdY olwkdYacwfwkef;u tpOftvmorm;awGu ESmacgif;&IHUMu


w,f/ wu,fuawmh olwkdYuAsmawG[m qef;opfw,f/ &J&ifhw,f/ olwkdYoabmxm;awG[m
usif0h wfa[mif;eJv
Y ;Hk 0jcm;em;aew,f/ tv,facwfaESmif;ydik ;f avmufwek ;f u ay:aygufcw
hJ hJ
acwfay:tawG;tac:ynm&SifawG MunfhOD;rvm;? olwkdY[mvnf; olwkdYacwfwkef;ay:cJhwJh
,kwdaA'opfudk ayGYzufqD;BudKw,f/ olwkdY&JUoabmxm;awG[m wnfqJpepfBuD;twGuf tE
&,fjzpfaew,f/
acwfay:uAsmq&m[m tpOftvma[mif;eJYjcm;em;wJhtwGuf? ta[mif;eJYuGJvGJwJh
twGuf acwfay:uAsmq&mvkdYac:jcif;jzpfw,f/ olY&JUykHoPmefawG? olY&JUykHpHawG? olY&JUt
aMumif;t&mawG? olY&JUoabmxm;awG[m olwdkYacwfarQmfvifhxm;wJhtpOftvmykHpHawG? ykH
oPmefawGeJY? uGJjym;jcm;em;&kHwGif rubl;/ qefYusifae&r,f/ armf'efjzpfzkdYqkdwm uGJjym;jcm;
em;p&m tpOftvmwpf&yftay:rSm trSDjyKaew,f/
ckq&dk if acwfay:uAsm&JUol&aJ umif;BuD;rsm;[m tawGt
Y MuKH&w
dS v
hJ Bl uD;awG jzpfuek Mf u
NyD/ a0gavhppf wDAifq&dk if touf 70 ausmfNyD/ a&mbwfza&mhq&dk if 74 ESp&f NdS yD/ 0DvsHumavmhpf
0DvsHqkd&if 66 ESpf&SdNyD/ tufZ&maygif;qkd&if 64 ESpf&SdNyD/ rm&D,efrkd;qkd&if 62 ESpf&SdNyD/ tJvD
a,mheJY&ifqefqkdvkdY&Sd&if 61 pD&SdNyD/ 'gayr,fh olwkdYrSm acwfay:tjrif&SdaeMuwkef;yJ/ acwfvl
i,fuAsmq&mrsm;&JUtjrifrSm 'Dq&mBuD;rsm;[m topfjzpfwJh? pGefYpm;wJh? a&SUwef;a&mufwJh
t&kdif;jzpfwJhtiftm;pkawGudk ukd,fpm;jyKaeMuwkef;yJ &Sdao;w,f}}
uRefawmfonf tar&duefrS xkwo
f nf]h uAsm}r*Zif;rS a*sADu
G efeif[ef\aqmif;yg;udk
zwfaerdavonf/

(7)
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf uavmwGif pcef;csum teD;wpf0u
kd u
f dk avQmufvnfMuonf/ atmif
yef;? yif;w,? ponf. . . /
uavmwGif pcef;csojzifh awmifBuD;odkYvnf; ESpf&ufwpfcg okH;&ufwpfcg oGm;vnfMu
onf/ uRefawmfwkdYa&mufwkef;u awmifBuD;wGif zGifhxm;onfhr*Fvmaps;&Sdao;onf/ r*Fvm
&yfuu
G t
f eD;wGif zGix
hf m;onft
h wGuf r*Fvmaps;[k ac:aMumif; od&\/ r*Fvmaps;wGif Ekid if H
jcm;rS 0ifonfhypnf;rsKd;pkH&Ekdifavonf/ odkY&mwGif &efukefxuf ykdrpkHyg/ aps;uvnf; &efukef
ESifhodyfruGmvSyg/
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

197

198

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

NyD;awmh awmifBuD;u ukefoG,fa&;pmtkyfqkdifudk 0ifMunfhMuonf/ awmifBuD;pmtkyf


qkdifu pmtkyfawmfawmfpkHonf/ &efukefqkdifrsm;wGif r&Ekdifonfhpmtkyfawmfawmfrsm;udk awGY
&onf/ EkdifiHjcm;rS oGif;onfht*Fvdyfpmtkyfawmfawmfrsm;onf e,fpmtkyfqkdifrsm;wGif r
a&mif;&bJ ykHaeonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh qGD'if abm*aA'yg&*l*efemrm',fa&;onfh]at&Sef;'&
rm}qkdonfhpmtkyf okH;wGJudk &efukefwGif uRefawmfvdkuf&SmaeonfrSm MumvSNyD/ b,fqkdifrSmrS
&Smr&awmh/ awmifBuD;u ukefoG,fa&;pmtkyfqkdifwGif wpfxyfBuD; awGY&onf/ ar;Munfh
onfhtcg wpfESpfavmuftwGif wpftkyfrQ ra&mif;&ao;[k od&onf/ uRefawmfonf *efem
rm',f\pmtkyfokH;wGJudk 0,fcJhonf/ tjcm;&Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; pmtkyfrsm;udk awGYojzifhvnf; 0,f
cJhavonf/
xdkaeYrSm oBuFeftusaeYjzpfonf/ awmifBuD;ESifhuavmvrf;wpfavQmuf&Gmrsm;wGif
a&ryufMuao;/ "Ek? ytk?Yd &Sr;f ponfv
h rl sKd;pkrsm;onf tk;d pnfAaHk rmif;awG? tutckeaf wGEiS hf
bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;qDodkY oGm;aeMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdYu ar;Munfhawmh ]wmwufyGJ}[kod&
avonf/ &Sr;f rsm;u MuufoeG ?f tmvl;ponfah wmif,mvkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyMf uonf/ ytkrYd sm;
u awmif&kd;rsm;ay:wGif oeyfzufvkyfief; vkyfMuonf/ olwkdYonf awmif,mvkyfief;? oeyf
zufvyk if ef;ud ck P&yfum 0wfaumif;pm;vSawG? vSLzG,0f wKawGjzifh vSnv
hf nfvmMujcif;jzpf
onf/ ]]wpfrl;&vkdY wpfyJvSL? wkdY&Srf;awmifol cHEkdif&kd;vm;}}qkdaom i,fi,fwkef;u Mum;cJhzl;
onfhqkd&kd;pum;ukd owd&rdonf/ olwkdYb0u awmif,mvkyfrS? oeyfzufcl;rS tEkdifEkdifpm;&
onfhb0/ ,ck olwkdY,lvmonfhvSLzG,f0wKawGu renf;/
uRefawmfwkdYonf awmifBuD;u jyefvmNyD;aemuf emrnfausmf [kdw,fuavmudk wnf;
zl;onf&Sdatmif wnf;ckdMuonf/
[dkw,fuavmu wu,fvSonfhtaqmufttkH/ ae&muvnf; tuGuftuGif;us
onf/ rsufESmpmwGif xif;&SL;yifawG? ,luvpfwyfyifawG aygufaeNyD; wcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif
oMum;yifawGudk wef;pDpkdufxm;onf/ wpfcgwkef;url Oa&mywkdufom;rsm; wnf;ckdonfhae
&m/ jynfaxmifpak cwfwiG f Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;? tpk;d &t&m&SBd uD;rsm;? oGi;f ukex
f w
k f
ukefvkdifpif&onfholaX;BuD;rsm; wnf;ckdonfhae&m/ aEG&moDtyef;ajzae&m/
,ckawmh [kdw,fuavmwGif wnf;ckdol odyfr&Sd/ usD;ESifhzkwfzkwfjzpfaeavonf/ uRef
awmfwkdY a&mufaeonfhtawmtwGif;wGif oD&dvuFmoHtrwfrdom;pkESifh&kyf&Sifrif;om;nTefY
0if;wkdY rdom;pkavmufom &Sdonf/ okdY&mwGif olwkdYvnf; MumMumwnf;ckdjcif; r[kwf/ ntdyf
nae 0ifwnf;jcif;omjzpfonf/
oD[&wempmay

wu,fawmh ntdyfnae wnf;ckdzkdYrQom aumif;onf/ [kdw,fuavmonf tpm;t


aomufvnf; r&awmh/ wnf;cdkcef;oufoufrQom jzpfaeavonf/ pm;p&m aomufp&m NrdKU
xJrSoGm;0,f&onf/
[dkw,fuavmukd tpu rnfolykdifonf[krod/ uRefawmfwkdYa&mufonfhtcsdefwGifrl
rdwDvm&Sd tdEd,trsKd;om;wpfOD; ydkifonf[k od&avonf/ [dkw,ftrIxrf;vnf; aumif;
aumif;r&Sad wmh/ vl;0pfqo
dk nft
h Ed ,
d -jrefrmujym;wpfO;D u tkycf sKyfaeonf/ olyifvQif ref
ae*smjzpfNyD; olyifvQif ay:wm jzpfaeavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf ESpfa,mufcef;wpfcef;udk iSm;vkdufMuonf/ wpfa,mufudk wpfaeY
40 ay;&onf/ y&dabm*rsm;? tdyf&mcif;rsm;? apmifrsm;? arGY&mrsm;url taumif;pm;awG?
opfopfvGifvGifawG/
uRefawmfwkdYudk pma&;q&mawGrSef; odoGm;onfhtcgwGif vl;0pfonf wpf0ufavQmh,l
vkdufonf/ 4 &ufwnf;ckdonfwGif 2 &ufpmudkom,lvkdufonf/ aemifwGifvnf; tcsdefra&G;
tvum;wnf;ckdEkdifonf[k zdwfrEu jyKvkdufao;onf/
uRefawmfwkdY\aemuftpDtpOfrSm awmifBuD;wGif em;NyD; vG,fvifodkY qufoGm;&efjzpf
onf/ tqifajyvQif usKdif;wkHxdatmif armfawmfum;jzifh oGm;csifonf/
awmifBuD;wGif a&mufaeonfhtawmtwGif; uRefawmfwkdYonf awmifcRef;udk wuf
MunfhMuonf/ awmifcRef;um; awmifBuD;udk rkd;aeonfhawmifxGwf? awmifBuD;ukdomru [J
[kd;csKdifh0Srf;vGifjyifudkvnf;aumif;? [dkykef;wpf0dkufudkvnf;aumif; jrifae&onf/
awmifBuD;um; wu,fhEkdifiHjcm;NrdKUESifhwlaeonf/ vrf;rBuD;ay:wGif *sif;abmif;bD
rsm;udk 0wf vrf;ovm;aeMuonfh&Srf;w&kwfrrsm;udk a&Smif rvGwf/ &Srf;w&kwftrsm;t
jym;onf awmifBuD;rSmvm tajcpkdufaeMuonf/ ajraps;? tdrfaps;uvnf; tvGefBuD;
onf/ olwkdYu tdrfaumif;ajraumif;awGukd vk0,faeMuojzifh ,cifuxuf ESpfq? okH;qrQ
wufoGm;onf[k od&onf/ wupDcuvnf; tvGefaps;BuD;onf/ um;ay:wufvkdufonf
ESifh av;ig;usyf ay;&onf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf r*Fvmaps;odkYoGm;&ef um;qdyfem;u wupDpwif;odkY vmcJhMu\/
wupDawGu rmZ'g 500 um;awG rsm;onf/ aps;awmifbuf vufzuf&nfqkdifem;wGif &yf
xm;onfhwupDrsm;teuf wupDwpfpD;ay:odkY aemufrS wufvkdufonf/ aemufuae Munfh
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

199

200

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vdkufawmh wupDq&monf tar&duefwkdif;rfr*Zif;udk ikHYzwfaeonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf


wkdif;rfr*Zif;zwfaeonfhwupDq&mudkMunfh tcsif;csif; vufwkdYNyD; tuJcwfaeMuonf/
]]wupD tm;ovm;}}[k uRefawmfwkdYu ar;vkdufawmhrS wupDq&monf r*Zif;pm
tkyfudk ydwfvkdufNyD; aemufodkY vSnfhMunfhvkdufonf/
]]a[;. . . vl b,fwkef;u a&mufaewmvJ}}
]]a[;. . . OD;xGef;jrifh}}
uRefawmfuvnf; tm;&0rf;om ac:vkdufonf/ wtHhwMovnf; jzpfaeonf/
wupq
D &mum; tjcm;olr[kw/f OD;xGe;f jrif/h ppfrjzpfrED iS phf pfNyD;&Sr;f jynfe,f Ekid if aH &;
vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;wGiv
f nf;aumif;? ya'o&mZfqefu
Y sifa&;vIy&f mS ;rsm;wGiv
f nf;aumif; a&SUwef;
rS yg0ifcJhol/ yifvkHpmcsKyfudk vufrSwfa&;xkd;&mwGif &Srf;jynfe,fom;rsm;\udk,fpm;vS,fwpf
OD;tjzpf vufrw
S x
f ;dk cJo
h /l jynfaxmifpak cwfwek ;f u vTwaf wmftrwfwpfO;D jzpfco
hJ /l zqyv
acwfu Oay'Murf;wpfcu
k kd uefu
Y u
G o
f nft
h aejzifh vTwaf wmfxw
J iG f wpfntdy
f qEjycJo
h /l
awmfvSefa&;tpkd;& wufvmonfhtcgwGif txdef;odrf;cH&ol/
vlu vlacsm/ tom;jzLjzL um,Avaumif;aumif;/ jzLqGwfonfhtom;ay:wGif
rkwfqdwfwkdY a&;a&;pdrf;ay:vsuf/ qHyifu vIdif;wGefYxaeonf/
,ck jyefawGYonfhtcgwGif &kyftawmfusoGm;NyD/ qHyifwkdYwGif aiGa&miforf;pjyKaeNyD/
]]tck bmvkyfaeovJ/ wupDajy;aeovm;}}
]][kwfw,f? uRefawmfhajrawG a&mif;NyD; um;av;wpfpif;eJYwupDajy;aew,f}}
]]ukd,fwkdif armif;ovm;}}
]]udk,fwkdifaygh? uRefawmfhrSm wjcm;bmtvkyfrS r&Sdwm? 'gyJ vkyf&rSmaygh/ trsKd;orD;
uawmh awmifBuD;ukefoG,fa&;rSm vkyfaew,f}}
OD;xGef;jrifhu uRefawmfwkdYudk a&xGufOD;vrf;&Sd olYtdrfodkYac:oGm;avonf/ olYtdrfa&SU
oD[&wempmay

vrf;ausmfvkdufvQif vlaetdrfajc r&Sdawmh/ olYtdrfu wpfxyfwkdufuav;/ taemufEkdifiH


qefqef aqmufxm;onf/ tdrfa&SUwGif umae&Sif;awG? tmz&duefa'pDawG? awmifBuD;vDvD
yef;awG pkdufxm;onf/
]]apmqkid rf eG q
f u
D 0,fvu
dk w
f mAs}}[kajymjyonf/ apmqkid rf eG rf mS wpfcgu &Sr;f jynfe,f
ynmrif;BuD;jzpfNyD; ]jrefrmrdom;pk}qkdonfhpmtkyfudk t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;cJhonfha':rdrdcdkif
\cifyGef; jzpfavonf/
OD;xGe;f jrifu
h
]]cifAsm;wkdY oGm;p&m&Sdwmudk uRefawmfvkdufydkYay;r,fav/ NyD;awmh uRefawmfhtdrfrSm
npm pm;yg}}[k zdwfonf/ uRefawmfwkdYu twif;jiif;onf/ odkY&mwGif r&yg/
(8)
aemufwpfaeYwGif uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,muf vG,fvifodkY xGufcJhMuonf/ tdrf&Sifjzpfonfh
usm;ysHra&T0gaq;vdyfckHykdif&Sifukdpdefwifhu c&D;vrf;yef; pdwfrcsojzifh usKdif;wkHodkYoGm;onfh
uGefAGKdif;um;rsm;jzifh xnfh&ef pDpOfay;onf/ uRefawmfwkdYuvnf; vkdufcsifonf/ awmifBuD;
wGif&Sdonfhukef;vrf;o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;Xmeonf vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;aumif;onfhtcsdef?
&moDOwkaumif;onfhtcsdefwGif awmifBuD;rS ukefrsm;udk usKdif;wkHodkY ykdYay;aeonf/ uGefAGKdif;
wpfcgxGufvQif ukefwifum;BuD;tpD;av;ig;q,favmuf&Sdvdrfhrnf/
uRefawmfwkdY vkdufzkdY pDpOfNyD;rS xkdaeYu tqifhroifhojzifh rxGufjzpf/
uRefawmfwkdYu rapmifhEdkif/ xkdYaMumifh awmifBuD;ESifhvG,fvifajy;onfhwupDum;jzifh
vkdufcJhonf/ wupDum;rsm;rSm *spfum;rsm; jzpfavonf/
um;qdyfa&muf c&D;onfawG pkHonfhtcg um;q&monf c&D;onfawG tm;vkH;xHrS
ygorQ tzkd;wefypnf;? a&TaiG&wemponfwkdYudk olYxH tyf&ef awmif;qkdavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf "EktrsKd;om;um;q&m\awmif;qkdcsufudk em;rvnfEkdifbJ wpf
a,mufrsufESmudk wpfa,mufMunfhaerdMuavonf/ wGif uRefawmfwkdYudk vkdufydkYol udkpkd;
armif(armifwifNrdKif-tif;av;)u
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

201

202

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

]]ay;vkdufygq&m? vkHjcKHa&;twGuf awmif;wmyg}}


c&D;onfrsm;u rdrdwkdYwGifygonfhypnf;rsm;udk xkwfay;Muonf/ uRefawmfwkdYwGif yg
onfhydkufqHuav;u bmrQrjzpfavmuf/ uav;upm;p&mrQom/ tjcm;c&D;onfawGu aiG
awG aomif;csDygonf/ tzkd;wefypnf;awGvnf; trsm;BuD;ygonf/ ygorQudk ta&twGuf
ESifhtyfMu&onf/ '&kdifbmonf uRefawmfwkdYay;orQypnf;rsm;udk yvwfpwpftdwfBuD;wpf
tdwfxJwGif xnfhonf/ xkdYaemuf tay:u ykqkd;pkwfwpfxnf aumufywfNyD; olYxkdifckHatmuf
&Sd "mwfqDwkdifuDMum;xJodkY xkd;xnfhvkdufonf/
awmifBuD;ESiv
hf ,
G v
f ifum;vrf;wGif rMumcP "g;jywku
d o
f jzifh odpYk pD Of&jcif;jzpfonf
[k od&avonf/ vkjH cKHa&;twGuf wm0ef,al y;aom um;'&kid b
f mudyk if aus;Zl;wif&ao;\/
pdk;&drfrnfqkduvnf; pkd;&drfavmufonf/ [kdykef;rS xGufuwnf;u vrf;wGif um;wpfpD;
rQ rawG&Y awmh/ vrf;u awmifawGay:rSm auGaY umufomG ;&onf/ wpfzufu acsmufurf;yg;
BuD;awGjzpfNyD; wpfzufu awmifeH&HBuD;awG jzpfonf/ um;vrf;uvnf; usOf;usOf;? um;ESpf
pD; ra&Smifom/ rsufEmS csif;qkid u
f um;wpfp;D vmaeonfukd jrifvQif vrf;us,f&mu &yfapmifh
&onf/ awmifbufwGif rsufESmcsif;qkdif wkd;rdvQif qif;vmonfhum;u awmifurf;yg;pGef;
wGif &yfay;&onf/ onfvkd vrf;rsKd;wGif "g;jywdkfufzkdY tvGefvG,fonf/ awmifurf;yg;,H csKH
Mum;xJu vlqkd;u armfawmfum;ay:u vludk vufvSrf;qGJvkdufvQifyif &onf/ rnfolYudkrQ
vnf; tultnD awmif;p&m r&Sd/ ajy;vnf; rvGwfEdkif/ uHMurmudkom 0uGuftyfxm;&
awmhonf/
uRefawmfwkdY vG,fvifodkY rxGufrD wpfaeYjcm;u c&D;onfwif*spfum;wpfpD;udk "g;jy
wkdufvkdufao;onf/
c&D;wpf0uf r&Sdw&dSavmufa&mufawmh rsufESmcsif;qkdifrS vmaeonfh*spfum;ESpfpD;udk
awGY&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYu twuf? olwkdYu tqif;jzpf urf;yg;,HpGef;wpfckxdyfwGif &yf
apmihaf eMuonf/ wpfaeYv;Hk c&D;xGucf &hJ mwGif um;ESppf ;D udo
k m uRefawmfwYdk awGaY o;onf/
]]a&SUem;us&if owdxm;oGm;a[h? wkdYum;ESpfpD;awmh wkdufvkdufNyD}}[k &Srf;'&kdifbmu
vSrf;atmfonf/
]]bmawG ygoGm;ao;vJ}}
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

203

olwt
Ydk csif;csif; &Sr;f vkd ajymaeMujcif; jzpfygonf/ um;ay:wGif ygvmonf&h rS ;f uav;
wpfa,mufu bmomjyefjyojzifh uRefawmfwkdY em;vnfjcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYum;rsm;udk vGefcJh
onfhem&D0ufavmufu wkdufvkdufjcif; jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwu
Ydk m;onf olwEYdk iS hf 10 rdepfavmuf pum;ajymNyD;aemuf a&SUodYk qufco
hJ nf/
uRefawmfwkdYuom pkd;&drfaeaomfvnf; olwkdYudk Munfh&onfrSm bmukdrQ pkd;&drf[ef rwl/
awGY&kd;awGYpOf udpwpf&yf[k ,lqxm;MuykH&onf/ olwkdY'&kdifbm\vkHjcKHa&;tpDtrHudkvnf;
pdwfcsMuykH&onf/ xkdYaMumifhyif ygorQ a&TaiG&wemudk '&kdifbmvufodkY ,kH,kHMunfMunfykHtyf
jcif; jzpfvdrfhrnf/
awmifBuD;ESifhvGKdifvifvrf;c&D;um; bmrQpdwf0ifpm;zG,fraumif;/ wpfavQmufvkH;
awmifawGuckd snf; awGaY e&onf/ awmawGuo
kd m awGaY e&onf/ reuf 8 em&Davmufuwnf;
u nae 3 em&Davmuftxd awmufavQmuf armfawmfum;pD;vm&onfrSm yifyef;&kHrQru
ysif;p&mvnf; aumif;vSonf/

(9)
vG,v
f ifrmS awmifawG 0dik ;f &Haeonfv
h iG jf yifxw
J iG f wnfxm;onfNh rdKUjzpf odyrf at;/
{NyDvxJrSm jzpf tkdufpyfpyfjzpfaeonf/ uavmavmufyif rat;csif/ NrdKUu wpfcgu NrdKU
BuD;jzpfonfhwkdif ,ckawmh ajcmufajcmufaoGYaoGY/ &kyf&Sif&kHwpf&kH&SdNyD; wpfaeYukd ESpfyGJjyonf/
nvrf;avQmufvkdvQif vrf;avQmufp&mqkd &kyf&Sif&kHteD;wpf0dkufavmufom &Sdavonf/ odkY
&mwGif NrdKUjyif uefawmfBuD;url om,monf/
uRefawmfwYdk vG,v
f ifa&mufaewke;f awmifBuD;rS 0ifvmonfu
h eG Af KG id ;f um;wef;BuD; 0if
vmonf/ uGefAGKdif;um;rSm c&D;MuKHvkdufolawG jynfhaeonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh trsKd;orD;c&D;
onfawG? trsKd;orD;c&D;onfrsm;wGifvnf; i,fi,f&G,f&G,fawG/ ESpfq,fESifhtpdwfavmuf
om&SdMuOD;rnf/ olwkdYonf vrf;udk trsm;qkH;oGm;olrsm; jzpfMuykH&onf/ xrif;qkdifrsm;rSm
olwkdYESifhtodtuRrf;awG jzpfaeMuonf/ olwkdYonf awmifBuD;rSukefrsm;udk usKdif;wkHokdYo,f
vmMuNyD; usKdif;wkHrSukefrsm;udk awmifBuD;odkYjyefo,fvmMurnfholrsm; jzpfMuonf/ um;
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

]]odyfrygygbl;? ighxkdifckHatmufu[mawG vGwfoGm;w,f/ 0wfxm;wJhvufpGyfuav;


awG? em&Dav;awGavmufyJ ygw,f}}

204

jroef;wifh

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

rsm;jzifhom usKdif;wkHodkYtoGm;tjyef wpfacgufavmuf vkdufoGm;&vQif tvGefaumif;onfh


b0o&kyfazmf0wKrsm;udk &ayvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif tcsdefr&ojzifh uRefawmfwkdY rvkdufEkdifMu/
uRefawmfwo
Ydk nf vG,v
f ifwiG f ESp&f ufavmufaeNyD; jynfaxmifpu
k kd arG;zGm;ay;&m yif
vkHNrdKUuav;odkY vmcJhMuonf/ yifvkHaps;aeYjzpf yifvkHNrdKUonf vlrsKd;pkHjzifh &Iyf,Sufcwfae
onf/ aps;u 5 &ufwpfaps;/ aps;wef;xJu wpfae&mwGif qkdifwef;BuD;wpfck &dSonf/ qkdif
wef;a&SUrSm wjcm;ae&mrsm;ESifhrwl/ txl;vlpnfum;aeonfudk awGY&onf/
]]'gu bmqkdifawGvJAs}}
uRefawmfwkdYudk vkdufydkYonfhtdrf&Sifudk ar;onf/
]]vufzuf&nf tcg;a&mif;wJhqkdifcef;av/ uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm vufzuf&nfqkdif xkdifMu
ovdk 'DrSmvJ aps;0,fawG tcg;qkdifudk xkdifavh&SdMuw,f}}
uRefawmfwkdYonf tcg;qkdif(vufzuf&nfMurf;qkdif)xJodkY 0ifcJhMuonf/ qkdifwef;u t
&SnfBuD;/ tm;vkH; tcg;qkdifrsm; jzpfMuonf[k od&\/ uRefawmfwkdYonf eD;&mtcg;qkdifwpf
qkdifxJodkY 0ifvkdufMuonf/
ukvm;xkid rf &S/d xrif;pm;onfph m;yG0J idk ;f uav;rsm;udk ajrBuD;ay:wGif csxm;NyD; zifxidk f
ckHtedrfhuav;awG cif;xm;onf/ qkdifxJwGif ytkdYvlrsKd;awG? yavmifvlrsKd;awG? tDaumESifh
*kHvlrsKd;awG xkdif vufzuf&nfMurf; aomufaeMuonf/ a&mif;oluvnf; ytkdYvlrsKd;vli,f
uav;/ tusteuf? &Srf;abmif;bDteufESifhacgif;wGif rsufESmokwfy0gudk aygif;xm;onf/
jzLazG;onfrh sufEmS ay:wGif EIwcf rf;arT;a&;a&;u cyfprd ;f pdr;f ay:aeonf/ uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd vku
d f
ydkYonfhtdrfonfu tMurf;tcg;tkd;wpftkd; rSmvkdufonf/ qkdif&Sif ytkdYoli,fuav;u yifvkH
rSxu
G o
f nft
h aumif;pm;vufzufajcmufudk tk;d uif;av;wpfcx
k w
J iG f xnfah vSmNf yD; ajru&m;
ESifhxnfhay;\/ bmtjrnf;rS rygyg/ qm;wpfyef;uefom ygygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf tcg;
&nfaomuf&if; ytkdYawGESifhpum;ajymMunfhonf/ odkY&mwGif olwkdYonf Armpum;udk wpfvkH;rQ
rwwfMu/ yifvkHaps;wGif awGY&onfhaps;0,frsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh Armpum;udk em;rvnf
Mu/ &Srf;pum;onf Mum;cHpum; jzpfaeav\/
]]'DrmS Armpum; rwwfMubl;q&m&JU/ awmifay:u vlrsKd;pkawG qif;vm&if &Sr;f pum;
ukyd J Mum;cHpum;tjzpf ajymMuw,f/ &Sr;f pum;udak wmh b,fvrl sKd;pkujzpfjzpf em;v,fw,f}}
oD[&wempmay

olajymonfhtwkdif; [kwfygonf/ yifvkHaps;xJu qkdifrsm;odkY0if Armpum;jzifhar;


Munfhonf/ wpfqkdifurQ em;rvnfMu/ aps;jyifodkY a&mufonfhtcgwGif jrif;awG wef;pD
csnfxm;onfudk awGY&onf/ jrif;awGu jrif;acsm? jrif;aumif;BuD;awG/ rQtrsKd;aumif;
rQrsm;jym;onfhjrif;rsm;udk yckuLbufwGif wpfpkwpfa0;wnf; awGYzl;ao;onf/
]]'Djrif;awGu b,fu jrif;awGvJAs}}
]]pD;wJhjrif;awGav? ytkdYawGu awmifay:rSm aeMuawmh jrif;udkyJ okH;Muw,f/ txl;
ojzifh oeyfzufjcHrSmvkyfwJhytkdYawGqkd&if jrif;awGeJYcsnf;yJ}}
uRefawmfwkdY ajymqkdaeMupOf jrif;udk,fpDjzifh aps;okdYa&mufvmMuonfhytkdYrsm;udk jrif
&onf/ awmifwef;jymjymBuD;awG? jrif;udk,fpD pD;vmMuonfhytkdYawGudk Munfh&onfrSm tar
&dueftaemufydkif;jynfe,frsm;taMumif;udk &kdufxm;onfh&kyf&Sifrsm;udk owd&apavonf/
]][krd mS jrif&wJah wmifwef;jymjymBuD;awG awGw
Y ,fr[kwv
f m;/ tJ'rD mS oeyfzufjcHawG?
vufzufcif;awG &Sdw,f/ ck jrif;eJYvmwJhytkdYawG[m tJ'Dawmifwef;awGay:u qif;vmMu
wmaygh}}
ytkdYa,musfm;awGMum;wGif jrif;pD;vmonfhytkdYtrsKd;orD;wpfa,mufudkvnf; awGY&
onf/ uav;i,fudk ausmrSm t0wfjzifh odkif; ydk;vmNyD; jrif;wifyg; wpfzufwpfcsufwGif
yvkid ;f ESpv
f ;Hk udk cG wifvmavonf/ awmifay:xGuf ypn;f rsm;udk vma&mif;NyD; awmifay:
wGif vkdrnfhypnf;rsm;rsm;udk jyef0,foGm;&ef jzpfavonf/
aps;em;wpf0dkufwGif avQmufMunfhMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf jynfaxmifpkudk arG;
zGm;ay;vkduf&m yifvkHpmcsKyf txdrf;trSwftjzpf pkdufxlxm;onfhyifvkHausmufwkdifudk oGm;
MunfhMuonf/ yifvkHausmufwkdifu NrdKUtpGefrSm &Sdonf/ uGif;jyifBuD;xJwGif xD;xD;&Sdaeonfh
ausmufwkdifjzpfygonf/
(10)
aemufwpfaeYwGif uRefawmfwkdYonf awmifBuD;odkY jyefcJhMuonf/ tjyefwGifvnf; uRef
awmfwkdYonf armifrif;BuD;om; '&kdifbmukd &SdorQydkufqHuav;tyfum vkdufvmcJhMu&onf/
uHaumif;onf[k qkd&rnfavmrod/ uRefawmfwkdYa&SUu em&D0ufavmufwGif a&mufoGm;onfh
armfawmfum;rSm "m;jywku
d cf &H onf/ "m;jyrsm;onf vrf;ay:wGif vljywfonfukd tcGiahf umif;
oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

205

206

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

jroef;wifh

,lum &ufjcm;avmuf wkdufaeMuonf/ Munfh&onfu tiftm;BuD;BuD;rm;rm;jzifh wkdufjcif;


[kwf[efrwl/ vkyfaoewfuav;wpfvuf? ESpfvuf? vluav;ESpfa,muf? okH;a,mufjzifh
wkdufaejcif;jzpfonf[k od&onf/
awmifBuD;rS jyefa&mufawmh uRefawmfwu
Ydk kd OD;xGe;f az(ol&-&Sr;f jynfe,f)u xrif;zdwf
auR;onf/ ol&(&Srf;jynfe,f)rSm wpfcgu vlxk*sme,fwGif t,f'DwmvkyfcJh ,cktcsdefwGif
awmifBuD;odkY jyefa&mufNyD; ta&mif;t0,fvkyfaeonf/ [dkykef;ESifhawmifBuD;ajy;onfhum;
av;wpfpD;udkvnf; axmifxm;onf/ udkxGef;azum; ,cifuxuf ykd0vmNyD; qHyifawG ykd
jzLvmonf/ uavmifaumif;wpfacsmif; jzpfaomfvnf; olonf uavmifudkcsxm;vkdufNyD;
uRefawmfwkdYu pmjyefa&;&ef wkdufwGef;Muonf/ vlxk*sme,fwGif ygonfh olYaqmif;yg;wkdu
av;rsm;? uAsmuav;rsm;taMumif;udk jyef pm;jrKHYjyefMuonf/
&Srf;jynfe,f awmifBuD;wGif uRefawmfwkdYawGYcJhonfh aemufuavmifwpfacsmif;rSm ref;
wifac:OD;xGef;wif jzpfavonf/
ref;wifvnf; pmra&;Ekdifawmh/ wkdif;rif;BuD;&kH;cef;wGif xkdifum tkyfcsKyfa&;vkyfief;
rsm;ESifheyef;vkH;aeonfudk awGYcJh&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYa&mufwkef;u ref;wifonf oef;acgif
pm&if;aumufonfhvkyfief;jzifh tvkyfrsm;aeonf/
i,fi,fu &efukefwuokdvfr*Zif;xJwGif ygonfh ol\]qdwfjrnfoH}0wKudk zwf&if;
wpfa,mufwnf; &,farmcJh&onf/ *syefacwf pma&;q&mtoif;rS xkwfa0onfhr*Zif;wGif
ygaom ]apwemwG ydkw,f}0wKuav;udkvnf; uRefawmf trSwf&aeonf/ ppfNyD;acwfwGif
ay:xGufvmonfh]xkdokH;ESpf}? ]jyKH;wrJhrJh}ponfwkdYudkvnf; uRefawmf owd&onf/
cgwkdif;qkdvQif ref;wifonf a&mav&mrSm pma&;onf/ NrdKUykdif? e,fydkif? ta&;ydkifb0
wGif ol a&mufav&ma'oudk aemufcHjyKonfhaqmif;yg;wkduav;awG? 0wKwkduav;awGudk
zwf&onf/ &Srf;jynfe,fa&mufonfhtcgwGif aqmif;yg;wpfyk'frS xGufvmonfudk rawGY&/
xkdYaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYu pmjyefa&;&ef wkdufwGef;Muonf/
]]tvkyaf wGu ydaeawmh pmudk ra&;Ekid af wmhb;l AsKdU? a&;awmh a&;csifwmyJ? a&;p&mawG
vJ trsm;BuD;yJ}}[k OD;xGef;wifu ajymonf/
awmifBuD;wGif ESpf&uf? okH;&ufaeNyD; vnfp&m&Sdonfhae&mrsm;udk avQmufvnfMu
onf/ rkHw0*l? awmifBuD;aumvdyfESifhteD;wpf0dkufu ytkdY&Gmuav;rsm;/
oD[&wempmay

vGrf;armzG,fuarmZ (okdYr[kwf) oHvGif? 'k|0wD? a&TvD&kyfykHvTm

207

1958 ckavmufu vrf;udk uRefawmf armfawmfum;jzifh qif;cJhzl;onf/ xkdpOfu rkd;


OD;? vrf;yef; pdwfrcs&/ rkd;usvQif awmifusa&aMumifh wHwm;rsm; arsmygwwfojzifh tcsdef
udkvk uokwfu&uf qif;cJh&onf/ ,ckwpfacgufwGifrl aEGv,fjzpf vrf;awGysufrSmudk r
pd;k &dr&f awmh/
um;onf awmifqif;vrf;twkdif; w&dyf&dyf ajy;aeonf/
vrf;wpfavQmufu pdrf;pdkaeonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fwGif aEGqkdaomfvnf; tpdrf;a&mif r
jy,fao;/ prf;acsmif;wkdYu a&enf;oGm;onfhwkdif prf;a&onf woGifoGif pD;usNrJ/ ta0;
awmifapmif;wGif opfcGawG yGifha0vsuf/
odkY&mwGif ,if;rmyifukd ausmfonfESifhtpdrf;a&mifonf wjznf;jznf;jy,fpjyKNyD/ xif;
&SL;eHYoif;aom avat;onf &Srf;ukef;jyifjrifhay:wGif usef&pfcJhNyD/ uRefawmhfc&D;pOfu rdwD
vm? xkdrS jrif;jcH? xkdrS uRefawmfhZmwdjzpfonfhyckuL/
armfawmfum;onf tpdr;f a&mifaEG&ufrsm;udk ausmcdik ;f um t0ga&mifaEG&ufrsm;qDoYkd
ajy;vsuf &Sdavonf/

rkd;a0r*Zif;/ atmufwkdbm 1978 rS 'DZifbm 1978 xd/

oD[&wempmay

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

armifomEk;d url awmifBuD;wGif qufae&pfO;D rnf/ uRefawmfonf rdwaf qGwpfO;D \um;


MuKHjzifh rdwDvmodkYvkdufvmcJhonf/

You might also like