336-346 Topic X part III

bu·reauc·ra·cy byʊˈrɒk rə si - Show Spelled Pronunciation[byoo-rok-ruh-see] Pronunciation Key - Show

IPA Pronunciation
–noun, plural -cies.

1. government by many bureaus, administrators, and petty officials.

2. the body of officials and administrators, esp. of a government or government department.

mon·ar·chy ˈmɒn ər ki - Show Spelled Pronunciation[mon-er-kee] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA

Pronunciation
–noun, plural -chies.

1. a state or nation in which the supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in a monarch. Compare ABSOLUTE
MONARCHY, LIMITED MONARCHY.
2. supreme power or sovereignty held by a single person

vas·sal ˈvæs əl - Show Spelled Pronunciation[vas-uh l] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun

1. (in the feudal system) a person granted the use of land, in return for rendering homage, fealty, and usually
military service or its equivalent to a lord or other superior; feudal tenant.
2. a person holding some similar relation to a superior; a subject, subordinate, follower, or retainer.

pa·pa·cy ˈpeɪ pə si - Show Spelled Pronunciation[pey-puh-see] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun, plural -cies. Roman Catholic Church.

1. the office, dignity, or jurisdiction of the pope.

2. the system of ecclesiastical government in which the pope is recognized as the supreme head.

sov·er·eign ˈsɒv rɪn, ˈsɒv ər ɪn, ˈsʌv- - Show Spelled Pronunciation[sov-rin, sov-er-in, suhv-]
Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun

1.
a
mo
nar
ch;
a
kin
g,
qu
ee
n,
or
oth
er
su
pre
me
rul
er.
2.
a
per
son
wh
o
has
sov
ere
ign
po
we
r or
aut
hor
ity.
pit
al
lett
er )
the
leg
isla
tur
e
of
Gre
at
Brit
ain
,
his
tori
call
y
the
ass
em
bly
of
the
thr
ee
est
ate
s,
no
w
co
mp
ose
d
of
Lor
ds
Spi
ritu
al
an
d
Lor
ds
Te
mp
ora
l,
for
mi
ng
tog
eth
er
the
Ho
use
of
Lor
ds,
an
d
rep
res
ent
ati
ves
of
the
Mer·o·vin·gi·an ˌmɛr əˈvɪn dʒi ən, -dʒən - Show Spelled Pronunciation[mer-uh-vin-jee-uh n, -juh n]
Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–adjective

1. of or pertaining to the Frankish dynasty established by Clovis, which reigned in Gaul and Germany from a.d. 476
to 751.

Car·o·lin·gi·an ˌkær əˈlɪn dʒi ən - Show Spelled Pronunciation[kar-uh-lin-jee-uh n] Pronunciation Key -

Show IPA Pronunciation
–adjective
1.
of
or
pe
rta
ini
ng
to
th
e
Fra
nki
sh
dy
na
sty
th
at
rei
gn
ed
in
Fra
nc
e
a.d
.
75
1–
98
7,
firs
t
un
de
r
Ch
arl
e
m
ag
ne,
an
d
in
Ge
rm
an
y
un
til
a.d
.
91
1.

ex
·c
he
q·
ue
r