THE ROLE OF ENVIROMENTAL

FACTORS ON CROP
PRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
• The role of environmental factors on crop
production are vital in plant growth and
development.

• Generally they are climate, pest ,and soil,

which then will be divided into several
co-factors.
CLIMATE
 DEFINITION
• CLIMATE
Meteorological condition over a broader
area.
Patterns developed over years.

• WEATHER
Describing short-term.
 EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON CROP
PRODUCTION
• MOISTURE STRESS ( drought )
 when soil moisture is limited.
 occur when precipitation are too low,
temperature are too high or both.

• TEMPERATURE STRESS
 Minimum temperature that kill plants outright.
• NATURAL DISASTERS
 Excessive monsoon rain
 Cyclones
 Hurricanes
 Floods
 Drought
PEST
 Categories of Organisms that
Cause Diseases
• Disease-causing organisms
• Plant as pests (weed)
• Insects pests
• Non-insect invertebrate or vertebrate pests
 PLANT DISEASE
Categories plant pathogens
• Virus
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Nematodes
• Parasitic higher plants
 NON-PATHOGENIC CAUSES
PLANT DISEASE
• Temperature- best temperature range is 15-
30 degree C
• Moisture- detrimental to crop plant growth
• Air- air pollution is injurious to plant
METHODS PEST MANAGEMENT
• Biological pests management
• Cultural pest management
• Legislative pest management
• Physical @ mechanical pests management
• Chemical pests management
 Roles of Pests In Crop
Production
• Pests is undesirable to human
• Pests adverse environmental condition can
causes disease
• Agricultural pests reduce crop productivity
• But a few parasitic plant are economic pests of
cultivated crops
• Some pests like insects cause direct damage
to crop or carries of pathogens.
EXAMPLES OF PESTS
SOIL
 SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Soil Texture
- Sandy soil
- Fine-textured soils (clay soil)
- Silt soil
• Soil Structure
- Prismlike
- Platelike
- Blocky
- Granular
 SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)

• Soil pH
BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL

• Earthworms
• Nematodes
• Soil Fungi
 ROLES OF SOIL IN CROP
PRODUCTIONS
• For physical support of plants
• Recycling center for nutrients and organic raise
• To provide nutrients needed for plants
development
• Clay soils have high CEC, able to attract and hold
cations, therefore, have high nutritional status.
• Sandy soils have low CEC, light soils and easier to
till, drain better.
 CONCLUSION
• Climate and weather are not within the
control of the producer, but predictable
although not precise. It is important in crop
adaptation.
• Soil act as the medium for plant growth
and development.
• Pests are undesirable, and appropriate
strategies needed to control them without
affecting the environment.
 What’s this?

Group members…
NAMES MATRIX NO.

1.ABDUL HADI BIN RAHMAN 025861

2.NUR JANNAH MOHD AMIN 025767
3.SITI MARYAMI IBRAHIM 025807
4.NORSYAKIRA BT ABDUL RAHMAN 025808
5.SITI BALQIS BT ABD. KARIM 025818
6.ERNIE BT. MUSTAPHA 025980
7.NURUL HASANAH BT ABD RAZAK 025842
8.NOR ATIQAH BR JAMALUDIN 025866
9.NOR SABARIAH BINTI YAHYA 025920
10.AMATULLAH RASYIDAH AMBOK MAEK 025861