TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN IN T - VIN THNG

------* *-----

BO CO BTL:

T CHC V QUY HOCH MNG

VIN THNG
ti: Vit mt phn mm to topology mng vin thng
theo thut ton Mentor
GV hng dn:

TS. NGUYN XUN DNG

Sinh vin thc hin:

Trn Khnh Ha

20091116

Lp : T12 - K54

Phm Thanh Tng

20093151

Lp : T12 - K54

Nguyn c Ti

20092298

Lp : T12 - K54

Trn Tin

20093639

Lp : T2 - K54

H Ni, 11/2013

MC LC

MC LC .............................................................................................................. 3
NI DUNG BI TP ............................................................................................. 4
I.

GII THIU ................................................................................................... 5

II.

C S L THUYT ...................................................................................... 6
1.

L thuyt chung ........................................................................................ 6

2.

Thut ton Kruskal. ................................................................................. 8

2.1 Cc tham s v yu cu ca thut ton. ............................................... 8
2.2 Cc bc tin hnh thut ton. ............................................................ 8

3.
III.

Thut ton MENTOR. ............................................................................. 9

THIT K PHN MM ............................................................................. 12

1.

Tng quan chc nng chnh ................................................................... 12

2.

Mt s hnh nh chng trnh ............................................................... 13

IV.

KT LUN ................................................................................................. 15

NI DUNG BI TP
Vit mt phn mm to topology mng vin thng theo thut ton Mentor.
u vo :
nn

: S lng nt trong mng .

Cost

: Ma trn [ n xn ] chi ph kt ni gia cc nt .

Req

: Ma trn [ n xn ] yu cu

Pc ,W , R ,D : cc tham s xc nh nt BACKBONE

: Tham s xc nh cy

: H s s dng bng thng

CMAX[n xn] : Gi tr ti a dung lng ca lin kt gia cc nt (hiu

dng)
Chc nng ca phn mm:

Tm cy kt ni cc nt. cho bit cy l dng MST hay PST, MenTor.

Tng chiu di cy, chiu di ng i
Direct link : Tm kt ni Direct link
ng i trn cy
Tt c th hin trn mn hnh ho .

I.

GII THIU
Ngy nay, cc h thng thng tin vin thng c xem nh phng tin hiu

qu nht trao i thng tin v truyn s liu. Cc mng vin thng in t tr

nn ngy cng phc tp hn v c khuynh hng k thut cao nhm p ng nhu
cu v gia tng cc dch v vin thng tin tin, c cht lng cao. Do vic t
chc mt mng vin thng nhm to ra mt mng vin thng c kh nng p
ng cc yu cu trn ng mt vai tr rt quan trng.
Mun xy dng mt mng vin thng th ta phi thit lp c m hnh phn
b (Topology) ca cc phn t mng. C nhiu thut ton c s dng thit k
Topology mng. MENTOR (Mesh Network Topology Optimization Routing) l
mt thut ton rt thch hp cho vic thit k cc mng thng tin v n khng ph
thuc vo c im ca bt k mt cng ngh hay kin trc mng no m ch ph
thuc vo nguyn tc thit k mng. MENTOR c th ng dng cho nhiu loi
mng, in hnh l mng ATM.
Bit c tm quan trng ca vic thit k Topology mng, nhm chn v
hon thnh ti Vit mt phn mm to topology mng vin thng theo thut
ton Mentor. Tuy nhin, do thi gian cng nh kin thc cn hn ch nn khng
th trnh khi mt vi sai st. Chng em xin gi li cm n ti thy gio Nguyn
Xun Dng tn tnh hng dn gip chng em hon thnh bi tp v mong nhn
c nhng li gp ca Thy ti ca chng em c th hon thin hn.

II. C S L THUYT
1. L thuyt chung
H thng mng vin thng l tp hp cc trang thit b k thut cung cp
dch v vin thng cho ngi s dng. Nhn t quan im phn cng, h thng vin
thng bao gm cc thit b :
+ Thit b u cui : a thng tin ca ngi s dng vo mng v nhn
thng tin t mng cho ngi s dng.
+ Thit b chuyn mch : lin h gia cc u cui theo yu cu
+ Thit b truyn dn : lin kt nhm a vi nhm b v nhm b vi nhm b
(a - b) : ng dy thu bao
(b - b) : ng trc (trung k)
(a - b) : Mng ph tr AN v mng li c LE lm bin gii phn cch.
Cc phn mm (K thut mng) :
+ Cho bit cc phn cng lin h vi nhau nh th no Topo mng.
Vi Topo mng ta s phn bit c r v mng AN v mng li. AN (a - b),
mng li (b - b).
+ Cc giao thc mng : Cung cp dch v vin thng cho ngi s dng.
+ Giao thc lin kt
+ Giao thc trao i thng tin, gia hai giao thc ny c th tch ri, c
th kt hp vi nhau.
+ Qun l v khai thc mng
Trong mng vin thng chng ta c cc nt mng lin kt vi nhau to thnh
h thng mng. Trong h thng mng chng ta c nhiu mng truy nhp (Access
6

Network) v cc mng access lin h vi nhau thng qua mng ng trc

(Backbone Network). V vy cc nt mng chia lm 2 loi, nt truy nhp (Access)
v nt Backbone. Trong mng truy nhp (AN) th ch c 1 nt Backbone v cc nt
Access khc, cc nt Access mun kt ni vi cc nt mng truy nhp khc phi
thng qua nt Backbone. Mng Backbone l cu ni cc mng truy nhp kt ni
vi nhau, l mt mng c thit lp qua cc nt Backbone.
Cc ch tiu, yu cu k thut v tnh cht ca hai mng ny khc nhau, chnh
v vy bi ton t ra y l thit lp h thng mng trn cc nt mng cho trc
m bo mt s tiu chun, yu cu nht nh v ti u ho v mt s mt l cn
thit. Chng trnh s s dng thut ton MENTOR gii quyt bi ton ny.
thit lp mng Access chng ta s dng thut ton Kruskal, v thit lp mng
Backbone ta dng thut ton Mentor. Ta c cc thng s v gi thit sau.
+ Tng s nt mng trong ton b h thng mng k hiu l N v c nh
s t 0 (N 1)
+ biu din s lin h gia cc nt mng vi nhau ta c cc ma trn sau :
Ma trn chi ph Cost[NxN]. y l ma trn 2 chiu i xng, cha chi
ph kt ni gia cc nt. Hng i v ct j cha gi tr chi ph i t nt i
n nt j.
Ma trn yu cu Req[NxN]. L ma trn 2 chiu i xng, cha mc
yu cu lin lc gia cc nt vi nhau. Hng i ct j cha gi tr l yu
cu t nt i n nt j.
Ma trn dung lng ti a CMAX[NxN]. Cng l ma trn i xng 2
chiu. Cha gi tr (hiu dng) ti a dung lng ca knh lin kt gia
cc nt.
T ma trn yu cu CMAX v ma trn chi ph Cost ta c th xy dng
c ma trn trng s W ca cc nt. L ma trn mt chiu, v trng s
N 1

nt th i c tnh theo cng thc : Wj Cij .Wj

j 0

2. Thut ton Kruskal.

2.1 Cc tham s v yu cu ca thut ton.
Thut ton dng thit lp mng truy nhp, to ra cy CMST (Capacitied
Minimum Spanning Tree), c c im gia 2 nt lun c ng i, c dung lng
gii hn v c chiu di nh nht. u vo (Input) gm :
Cho trc nt trung tm N0. (Nt Backbone).
Tp cc nt Access { N1,N2, ,Nn}
Trng s cc nt wi
Gii hn dung lng l W
Ma trn chi ph Cost
Yu cu u ra (Output): Tm tp cc cy T1, T2,... Tk sao cho
Mi nt thuc mt cy duy nht
Tt c cc cy u cha nt gc N0
Tng trng lng cc nt trn cy khng vut qu W.
Tng di tt c cc cnh l nh nht.
2.2 Cc bc tin hnh thut ton.
Thut ton gm 4 bc :
Bc 1: Sp xp tt c cc lin kt tng dn theo chi ph, v lu vo mt
danh sch c th t.
Bc 2: Kim tra xem nu tt c cc nt u c kt ni.
o Nu ng : Kt thc thut ton.
o Nu sai : Thc hin bc 3.
Bc 3: Chn kt ni u tin trong danh sch (kt ni c chi ph nh nht
cn li trong danh sch).
8

 Bc 4: Kim tra nu lin kt thm vo to thnh chu trnh hay lin kt va

to c lm cho tng trng s ca cc nt trn cy vt qu mc gii hn W
hay khng ?
o Nu ng : Xo lin kt va to, quay li bc 2.
o Nu sai : Thm lin kt va kim tra vo cy.
3. Thut ton MENTOR.
Thut ton dng thit lp mng cc nt Backbone. Thut ton gm 4 bc chnh:
Bc 1: Tm tm C ca mng.
Ta tnh M i CijWi Nt C l tm ca mng nu c gi tr MC tng ng l
j

nh nht trong tt c cc nt.

Tm ca mng l nt c chi ph n cc nt khc b (Cijnh) v c kh nng
x l thm nhiu lu lng (Wjnh)
Bc 2: Tm cc nt backbone.
Cho cc gi tr :
Ngng (threshold) W
Bn knh R
Tm cc nt Backbone l cc nt c trng s Wj W.
Sau dng nt Backbone va tm ra quay vng trn tm R. Cc nt trong
vng trn m khng phi l Backbone s l nt Access ca nt backbone
ny.
+ i vi cc nt cn li cha c thit lp. Ta tnh gi tr.
Fj = Fc

C jc
D

+ 1- Pc

Wj
W

Vi :

 Cjc : L chi ph t nt j n nt tm ca mng.

D l ng knh ca mng (l chi ph ln nht gia 2 nt)
PC tham s iu khin mi quan h tng i trong vic chn nt
Backbone theo khong cch hay theo trng s. C gi tr t 0 n 1.
Chn nt j c FjMAX l nt backbone. V quay bn knh R chn thm cc
nt Access cho nt backbone ny.
Lp li bc va ri cho n khi tt c cc nt c chn.
Bc 3: Tm cy Mentor.
Khi to :
Tm li tm C trong cc nt Backbone theo cch nh bc 1
Gi N l tp cc nt nm trn cy. Khi to N = {}.
Thm nt gc C vo N.
Thc hin:
Gn nhn cho cc nt cn li Lj= dij + Li
(i l cc nt nm trong tp L, Lil chi ph t nt i n nt tm, dij l
chi ph t i n j)
Chn cc nt j m Lj nh nht thm vo tp N, v thm cnh (j, nt
lin trc) vo cy.
Lp li n khi N cha tt c cc nt Backbone.
Nu = 1 th y l thut ton Dijkistra tm ra cy PST.
Nu = 0 th y l thut ton Prim tm cy MST.
Bc 4: Thm Direct Link.
Tm tp cc nt khng ln cn nhau.
10

Thm Direct Link (Link trc tip) cho cc cp ntnu lu lng b qu ti.
Lu lng mt lin kt b qu ti khi tng lu lng qua lin kt (tng cc
gi tr Req ca cc link khc i qua lin kt ny) ln hn bng thng hiu
dng ca lin kt l : .CMAX ij
Trong l h s s dng bng thng c lin kt. (Thng ly = 80%)

11

III. THIT K PHN MM

1. Tng quan chc nng chnh
Chng trnh c vit bng ngn ng C#, c tham kho m ngun ca cc
bi tp tng t vit bng ngn ng khc.
Cc chc nng c bn:

Nhp vo s lng nt (N). V nhn nt to mi chng trnh s sinh

ngu nhin N nt c nh s t 0 n N-1 v hin th ln mn hnh. Gi

gia cc node chnh l khong cch vt l gia cc node . Cc ma trn lu lng

v ma trn Cmax s c sinh ngu nhin trong khong (0,15).
Sau ta nhp cc thng s u vo :

Pc

: H s la chn nt backbone.

Alpha

: L h s dng trong thut ton Mentor.

W ( threshold ) : l gi tr ngng chn nt Backbone.

: Bn knh ca mng truy nhp.

Gamma

: L h s s dng bng thng .

Sau khi nhp cc thng s u vo ta nhn nt Thit lp mng chng

trnh thc hin thut ton MENTOR thit lp mng gia cc nt Backbone v thc
hin thut ton Kruskal thit lp mng truy nhp.
Ta c th ko th cc thng s alpha, Pc, R/D v W thay i cc thng s
cho mng. Khi ko th, mng s thay i theo cc thng s mi ngay lp tc ta
c ci nhn tng quan hn.
Chc nng Find cho php ta tm kim ng i gia 2 nt bt k, ng thi
tnh tng chiu di ng i cng nh hin th trc quan trn mn hnh.
Phn mm cn c cc checkbox gip ta hin th mng mt cch trc quan
hn bng cch hin th cc thng s gia cc node vi nhau.
Ta c th xem v thay i cc thng s ca ma trn Req , CMAX v W bng
cch vo MENU , chn phn File -> Edit

12

2. Mt s hnh nh chng trnh

2.1 Giao din chnh

2.2 Giao din Edit

13

2.3 Hin th ma trn gi

2.4 Thng tin nhm

14

IV. KT LUN
Qu trnh xy dng mt mng vin thng l mt cng vic kh khn v i
hi rt nhiu thi gian, cng sc. Bi tp ln ny d mang tnh l thuyt nhiu
nhng gip sinh vin hiu su hn v mn hc. Vic thit k Topology mng
thng qua bi tp ny gip chng em phn no nm c kin thc v quy trnh c
bn v cc thut ton trin khai cho vic thit k mng.

15