FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY,

THE MALL RAWALPINDI

2008

Submitted By:
ALINA SATTI

NAHEED TARIQ

SEHRISH TAHIR

SAIRA GULZAR

BUSHRA TABASSUM

Submitted To:
MISS FAREEHA ZAHEER

Date:
9TH-JUNE-2008
“IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON THE LIFESTYLE OF WOMEN”

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………...4
II. Abstract……………………………………………………………………………5

III.CHAPTER: 1……………………………………………………………………..6
INTRODUCTION
IV. Background………………………………………………………………………..7

V. Problem statement…………………………………………………………………7
VI. Explanation of the problem………………………………………………………..7
VII. Hypothesis…………………...…………………………………………………….7
VIII. Sample……………………………………………………………………………..8

IX. CHAPTER: 2……………………………………………………………………..9

LITERATURE REVIEW
X. Role of Education………………………………………………………………..10
XI. Female’s behavior with respect to dressing, communication and attitude…………
…………………………………………………………………10
XII. Appearance and self-esteem.…………………………………………………….11
XIII. Self-Actualization………………………………………………………………..12
XIV. Education subjects individuals to positive traits…………………………………13

XV. CHAPTER: 3……………………………………………………………………14

RESERACH METHODOLOGY
XVI. Methodology……………………………………………………………………..15
XVII. Population………………………………………………………………………..15
XVIII. Research Instrument……………………………………………………………...15
XIX. Data collection…………………………………………………………………...15
XX. Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………….16

XXI. CHAPTER: 4……………………………………………………………………17

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
XXII. Limitations of study……………………………………………………...............25

XXIII. Significance of project…………………………………………………………...26

XXIV. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….26
XXV. Recommendations………………………………………………………………..27
XXVI. References………………………………………………………………………..28
XXVII. Appendices……………………………………………………………………….
29

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 ACKNOWLEDEGEMENT

First of all we are really thankful to our Lord who gave us enough courage and strength
to complete this research prosperously.
We owe deep appreciation to MISS FAREEHA ZAHEER who is a sincere, cooperative
and hard working teacher and under whose capable supervision we did our fieldwork. His
constant guidance and academic discussions helped us a lot in collecting information.

4
 ABSTRACT SUMMARY

Our project of Research Methodology revolves around the topic which discusses “The
impact of education on the lifestyle of women”.
If we focus on it in the long-term perspective, we will realize that higher or professional
education mainly fulfills the higher level needs, which include a person’s self esteem and
self-actualization. Education transforms people, changes lifestyle, changes the mindset of
people, creates awareness and empowers individuals to make and be responsible for their
own choices.
Education brought drastic changes in communication strategies and women are getting
very aware through education that how to communicate with every class of person.
Attitude is very important factor and it reflects the personality of the person how you
behave, how you interact with other people.
After choosing we developed the questionnaires and started searching of the information
through Internet, magazines, and books. We gathered information through interviews,
questionnaires, from the students and maids of FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN
UNIVERSITY.
At the end from research it was concluded in the end that education is bringing a positive
change in the life style of women in Pakistan. Women are coming out from their house
and want to change their lifestyle, as this is their right.

5
 CHAPTER: 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Women play a great role in human progress and have an important place in society. The
significant role of women in society was never appreciated nor brought onto the main
screen before 18th century. This gender was considered to be creature that was not
allowed to get higher education or was supposed to make her own decisions. With the
ever changing trends women started to participate in the social aspects of life that left
them with more authority and a respectable place in society. From 1980s till now it is the
same gender that has not only changed the trends of education and decision making
powers but keeps on bringing drastic changes in the lifestyle of the women or more
precisely today’s women.
A lot of factors contribute towards this change in the lifestyle where education being the
most important factor followed by social and western impacts.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

How education is effecting on the women lifestyle and whether education is bringing
about favorable changes or not?

1.3 EXPLANATION OF THE PROBLEM

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Human society has always been male-dominated. It was due to education that women
achieved equality with men within less than a century. The topic under study is an
attempt to analyze the dynamics of this change.

1.4 HYPOTHESIS

While conducting the research we carry out with following hypothesis:

• Education plays a vital role in women’s dressing;
• Education plays a vital role in women’s spoken converse.
• Education plays a vital role in women’s behavior and attitude.

1.5 SAMPLE

In research work we have focused on females of FJWU of 25 years and above.

Age: 25 years and above
Gender: Females of FJWU including students and maids.

CHAPTER: 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

7
 2.1 ROLE OF EDUCATION

Over the years in a rapidly changing environment there is one important factor that
cannot be ignored: Education. Education and to be specific professional education makes
a difference in people preferences. Education gives individuals the awareness and the
confidence to make their own sensible decisions. The decisions made by an uneducated
and an educated people and the aspects they would consider before reaching a decision
are bound to be different. Nature of education also changes one’s decision combined with
individual preferences. Over the years the females of the society have progressed in their
pursuit of education. Previously there were a small number of females in the country who
were professionally educated but today the trends have changed and the number of
women pursuing higher education has become a strong majority. It is important to
understand how education can shape and modify choices of females in our society. The
expectations held by a society define the roles of its members. While many factors
influence the parts individuals play in their cultures and communities, education has
always been the crucial element in the establishment of social roles. Education transforms
people, changes lifestyle, changes the mindset of people, creates awareness and
empowers individuals to make and be responsible for their own choices. Now the
educated classes of women are able to spend their money much more sensibly aided by
the awareness created through education.” The greatest advancements for women in the
closing decades of the nineteenth century were in education"1.

1
Article by Patterson Cynthia M
“Great expectations: the impact of education on women’s role in society” by Emily S Pegues
8
2.2 FEMALE BEHAVIOUR WITH RESPECT TO DRESSING,
COMMUNICATION & ATTITUDE

Female behavior with respect to fashion is ever changing. Fashion has changed
considerably over the years. The major reason for this rise in fashion awareness is the fact
that people judge individuals by the style they wear. Also the attitude and communication
plays a very important role in female’s behavior. Clothes, communication and attitude
have an integral role to play in the personality of a person.
Dressing is something we deal with everyday. Even those people who are not deeply
concerned about their appearances wear clothes that say a lot about their person and how
they feel on that particular day. “Fashion is a language that tells a story about the person
who wears it. Clothes create a wordless means of communication about the person who
wears it”.2”
Communication is something that we communicate with every person. Pick up any
newspaper, read scholarly research studies, look at personnel want ads; invariably the
term communication is used. Communication is concerned with the movements of ideas
via either the written or oral. Education brought drastic changes in communication
strategies and women are getting very aware through education that how to communicate
with every class of person.
Attitude is something that is complex mental state involving believes and feelings values
and dispositions to act in certain way. Successful women have a positive attitude and
applied motivational principles on daily basis

2.3 APPEARANCE AND SELF ESTEEM

Education injects a sense of self-esteem among individuals. Our appearance affects how
we feel about our self. It’s an important factor in self-esteem for women, men,
adolescents and children. Self-esteem in women these days seems dependant on how they
think they look. In order to have a better picture, they spend a valuable time on making
themselves look better which includes choosing the right dress for the right time. Self
Esteem refers to a person’s feeling of adequacy and self-worth. So, it is the opinion we
have of ourselves. It is based on our attitude to the following: Education has a very

2
Article “Fashion Vultures” by Laura Compton
9
important role to play in our self-esteem. “In general, research has suggested that people
who have low self esteem tend to be more perusable than those with high self esteem”3.
It enhances it and makes us feel better about our own selves.
• Our value as a person
• The job we do
• Our achievements
• How we think others see us
• Our purpose in life
• Our place in the world
• Our potential for success
• Our strengths and weaknesses
• Our social status and how we relate to others

2.4 SELF ACTUALIZATION

It is observed that educated and professional ladies are more self-actualized indeed as
compared to rest. There are numerous ways in which self-actualization is defined. Self-
actualization as defined by Dr.Abraham is defined as:
“What a man can be, he must be. This is the need we may call self-actualization … It
refers to man’s desire for fulfillment, namely to the tendency for him to become
actually in what he is potentially: to become everything that one is capable of
becoming…”
Self-actualization is basically the uniqueness that individuals are driven to attain and the
development of their potentialities, capacities, and talents. It means fulfilling all aspects
of one’s individual nature.

2.5 EDUCATION SUBJECTS INDIVIDUALS TO POSITIVE

TRAITS

REALISTIC

3
“Consumer Behavior” by David L. Loudon & Albert J. Della
10
A person has a more efficient perception of reality and has comfortable relations with it.
He is unthreatened and fearless by the unknown and has the ability to see the truth and is
logical.

SELF ACCEPTANCE
A person accepts the reality and sees human nature as it is, has a lack of crippling guilt or
shame, enjoys his self without regret or apology and has no unnecessary inhibitions.

AUTONOMY: INDEPENDENT OF CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT

The person is independent of the prevailing culture and so called norms. He is a fresh
starter rather than living with past values and culture. He lives up every moment to its
fullest.

CREATIVITY
The person carries uniqueness in himself that differentiates him from others. He is open,
original, and inventive and searches for more and new things. According to Maslow two
things are very important for a person to be self-actualized: self-exploration and action.
The deeper the self-exploration, the closer one comes to self-actualization. The stage of
self-exploration comes when a person becomes aware of his self and there are certain
factors that are required to bring that awareness; education being the most important and
significant factor.

CHAPTER: 3

11
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 METHODOLOGY

Our methodology includes the research design. The purpose was to conduct a descriptive
research. The research methodology that we adopted was based on the following steps
• Collection of secondary data through articles and Internet.
• First hand knowledge through everyday experience and observation.
• Sampling and grouping of people i.e. females (students and maids) of FJWU. The
age of the sample ranged from 19 years and above.
• Preparation of a questionnaire.

3.2 POPULATION

Population refers to the complete group of people, events, or things of interest that the
researcher desires to investigate. The population for this research is the group of students.

3.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Research instrument is a tool through which we gather information.

Following are the tools that are used in the research:
 Questionnaire
 Interview
Questionnaire: is a reformulated set of questions to which respondent’s records their
yearly within directly defined alternatives. In the research we had used closed ended
questions which is a questionnaire in which the respondent are offered a set of options to
chose one that is most closely represent their views.
Interview: it is the source of data collection and it is verbal or face to face
communication through which we can observe the point of view respondents. In the
research we had used exploratory interview that is to search ideas, which are in the mind
of respondent. Its purpose is to know what and how the respondent thinks or feel about

12
the topic of research we had used questionnaire and interview method just to get the ideas
of different people. These tools helped us to investigate and interpret the data clearly.
Unit* In Human Population one person is taken as one unit

3.4 DATA ANAYLSIS:

Our Prophet (PBUH) also emphasized on the importance of getting knowledge.

After conducting the survey we have realized that literate and even the illiterate woman
of our University know the importance of education.

Education has a great impact on the lifestyle of the woman they differ from each other on
the basis on their dressing, the way they speak, the level of confidence, the language they
speak, the way they live their life, their day-to-day activities and above all their
personality.

Education has become integral part of every women’s life.

We have come across a fact that even the illiterate woman with a little exposure realize
the importance of education and they are spending a good portion of their monthly
income on the education of their children.

Educated women are more confident and they think they can better nurture their children.
They have a better understanding of the day-to-day issues they can handle them in a
better way and independently they don’t have to depend on males for everything.
CHAPTER: 4

13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
As explained earlier the population is divided into two main groups one is literate and
other is illiterate so all the questions and interviews are based on it.

1-Qualification
10

4 literate
illitrate
2

0
no below m etric graduation
education m etric & above

Table 4.1-1a Qualifications.

Based on the qualification the population is categorized into two main groups
• Literate group, qualification metric and above.
• Illiterate group, qualification below metric.

2- Age group

14
 8

6
literate
4
illiterate
2

0
25 - 30 30 - 35 35 - above

Table 4.1-1b Age group

From the table it is understandable that there are three main age groups.
• 25 - 30 in which there are 7 units, 6 units belong to literate group
1 unit is of illiterate group.
• 30 – 35 this group includes 12 units, 5 units of literate group.
7 units of illiterate group.
• 35 – Above this group includes 1 unit, which belongs to illiterate group.

Thus there are total of 20 units and 11 units belong to literate group and 9 units belong to
illiterate group.

3- Marital status
8
7
6
5
literate
4
3 illiterate
2
1
0
single m arried w idow

Table 4.1-1c Marital statuses

• From 11 of literate group 5 units are single and

6 units are married.
• From 9 units of illiterate group 1 unit is single
7 units married
1 unit widow.
15
 4- You are seeking education to:
5

2 literate
1

0
overcome well personel
poverty mannred interest

Table 4.1-2a seeking education because of being well mannered, for personal interest
or to overcome poverty.

Education is very important for women. With this powerful tool in hand women can go
higher and higher and they can overcome the poverty they can become well mannered
and more courteous.
5- Influence of education on the attitude:

4
literate
2

0
75% 100%

Table 4.1-2b influence of education on attitude of women.

Education plays a very important and vital role in making once personality. It changes the
whole world of a person. It makes the person more polite and gracious.

6- Education made thinking:

16
 12
10
8
6
literate
4
2
0
positive nagative

Table 4.1-2c education makes thinking positive or negative.

It is through education that makes the personality more polished. It provides new paths
and ways to the judgment of a person to evaluate the things more professionally.

7- Prefer to speak:
10

6
literate
4
illiterate
2

0
m other language national language english

Table 4.1-2d preference in speaking mother, national, or international language.

It is important to know the level of understanding of the next person one is speaking to,
so through education one can judge the next persons understanding level and can
communicate efficiently.

8- Education made your statements logical:

17
 12
10

8
6
literate
4
2
0
yes no

Table 4.1-2e education makes statements logical or not.

Education is that tool which makes a person more rational. It broadens the vision and
through this statements and opinions are made more influential and logical.

9- Speaking in style has an impact on the personality:

7
6
5
4
3 litarate
2
1
0
high m edium low no im pact

Table 4.1-2f speaking in style affects the personality.

Educated persons know that what they are saying and what they want to communicate, to
them style dose not matter. They have full command on their speech and they are really
confident about what they are reciprocating.

10- Clothing style effects the position in society

18
 12
10

8
6 literate

4 illiterate

0
yes no

Table 4.1-2g effect of clothing style on position in society.

An educated person knows that how to look at what occasion so according people choose
there clothes. They try to be in neat and tidy dresses so through there appearance they
look educated and well mannered.

11- Influence of social values on woman’s life:

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5 literate
2 illeterate
1.5
1
0.5
0
High Medium Low No Impact

Table 4.1-2h effect of social values on a woman’s life

When a gets out of the house to seek education and gain knowledge. She has to follow
the customs and norms. She has to face to the restriction imposed on the woman in our
society so she can better judge and understand the effect social values.

12-Does education makes women independent and curtails male

dependence:

19
 9
8
7
6
5 Literate
4 illeterate
3
2
1
0
Yes No

Table 4.1-2i Effect of education on the independence of woman

Most of the literate group and well as the illiterate group feels that after getting education
the woman are more independent. There families feel confident about them and they let
them take their own decisions and listen to their problems.

13-Does Education bring confidence in a women:

4
literate
3
illeterate
2

0
High Medium Low No Impact

Table 4.1-2j Effect of education on the level of confidence

Females find themselves more confident after getting education and it gives them an
exposure to the real world. Education also polishes their analytical abilities.

14- Does education increases the creativity of a woman:

20
 9
8
7
6
5 Literate
4 illeterate
3
2
1
0
Yes No

Table 4.1-2k effect of education on the creativity of woman

Educated woman know the importance of getting education and how their personalities
are build up. Education increases the creativity and productivity of woman. They use
their potentials and skills to make life more comfortable. The do the household more
efficiently.

15- To what extent a working women contribute to its house hold

expenditure:

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5 literate
2 illeterate
1.5
1
0.5
0
25% 50% 70% 90% and
above

Table 4.1-2l Effect of earning woman on the household

The women of both groups have rated it in the same pattern. Working woman contribute
a good portion into the households. It improves their living standard and then they can
spend more on the education and upbringing of their children.

4.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

While carrying out research we also faced some problems that hindered our approach to
the real data in some aspects. Limitations also included Time Constraints, the difficulty
we faced in gathering all the members of our focus group together at one venue, non
serious attitude of people towards questionnaire filling. Most of the girls were not willing
21
to fill the questionnaire our geographical area is RAWALPINDI. In gender we are only
concerned with Women.

4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The main objective is to identify the reasons that have brought this revolution in the life
style of women. The reason that we are focusing on is higher education and more
specifically professional education. For this purpose we have cater information regarding
the variables and category under which this issue falls.

CATEGORY
Reasons / Causes
Influences Leading to change in Outcomes
lifestyle

VARIABLES
Living atmosphere
Society
Self Concept
Economic Factors
Economy
Social Grooming
Culture

Family

CONCLUSION

Before pursuing this project we had certain ideas and observations. Some of them have
proved to be correct while others have proved to be wrong but the underlying consensus
remains on the fact that there is a very strong and marked difference between the choices
made by the women from the educated class and the uneducated class.

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Education is the knowledge of putting one's potentials to maximum use. One can safely
say that a human being is not in the proper sense till he is educated. The first is that the
training of a human mind is not complete without education. Education makes man a
right thinker. Women education is very important because we could have no good citizens
without good women. The home is our first school, and the home life and home
instruction are first and the most lasting. We can have no good home without good
women. In our society people have negative concept of women education however in
modern societies and nations, the situation differs. Now days more countries are inclined
towards modernization so women are getting so aware through education. And women
lifestyles are changing.
From our results it is concluded that illiterate group of population follows the literate
group. As education had placed an impact on women lifestyle so illiterate population
follows the literate one so to move forward and have a good place in society.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Although every government is focusing on the education of women but in the end
researcher recommend the following points:

• There should be free education for women

• There should be increased number of girls in schools and colleges.
• There should be women universities in all provinces
• There should be job quota for women
• There should be media awareness for the rights of women
• There should be high level of education that promotes women developments and
awareness.

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 REFERENCES

www.google.com
www.findfast.com
www.tomea.com
Consumer Behavior” by David L. Loudon & Albert J. Della
“Great expectations: the impact of education on women’s role in society” by Emily S
Pegues.
http://www.performance-unlimited.com/samain.htm
http://www.more-selfesteem.com

Research Methodology Business

Third Edition
Sekaran

24
APPENDIX

Questionnaire
This questionnaire is a part of a survey report conducted by the students and
maids of Fatima Jinnah Women University.

Name:

1) Qualification:
1) No education 2) Middle 3) Metric 4) Graduation

2) Age group:
1)25 – 30 2)30 – 35 3)35 – above

3) Marital status:
1) Single 2) Married 3) Widow/divorced
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4) You are seeking education to:
1) Overcome poverty 2) Well mannered 3) Personal Interest

5) Influence of education on the attitude :

1)75% 2)100%

6) Education made thinking:

1) Positive 2) Negative

7) Prefer to speak :
1) Mother Language 2) National Language 3) English

8) Education made your statements logical:

1) Yes 2) No
9) Speaking in style has an impact on the personality:
1) High 2) Medium 3) Low 4) No Impact

10) Clothing style effects the position in society:

1) Yes 2) No

11) Influence of social values on women’s life:

1) High 2) medium 3) low 4) no impact

12) Does education makes women independent and curtails male dependence:
1) Yes 2) No

13) Does Education bring confidence in a women:

1) High 2) Medium 3) Low 4) No Impact

14) Does education increases the creativity of a woman:

26
1) Yes 2) No

15) To what extent a working women contribute to its house hold expenditure:
1)25% 2)50% 3)70% 4)90%and above

27