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Replacement feeding
Is the process of feeding a child who is not breastfeeding with a diet that provides all the nutrients the child needs until the child is fully fed on family food.
Replacement feeding must be: acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe. AFASS
The mother will also need : a source of milk, water, soap, fuel and utensils to prepare the replacement feeds, need extra time.
I. ADVANTAGES
Most of the nutrients a baby needs have already been added to the formula.
Other responsible family members can help feed the baby.
2. DISADVANTAGES
Formula does not contain antibodies that protect a baby from infections.
A formula-fed baby is more likely to get seriously sick from diarrhoea, chest infections and malnutrition, especially if the formula is not prepared correctly.
A mother should stop breastfeeding completely or the risk of transmitting HIV will continue.
People may wonder why a mother is using formula instead of breastfeeding, and this could cause them to suspect she is HIV- positive.
Mother needs fuel, clean water, utensils, soap etc. Time consuming Expensive Have to teach baby to drink from cup Mom may get pregnant soon
1. ADVANTAGES There is no risk of transmitting HIV Home-modified animal milk may be cheaper than commercial infant formula, (if a mother has milkproducing animals) Other responsible family members can help feed the baby.
2. DISADVANTAGES
Animal milk is hard for babies to digest does not contain all the nutrients that babies need. need to be mixed with water and sugar in exactly the right amounts. need to have a micronutrient supplement.
A baby is more likely to get sick from diarrhoea, chest infections, and malnutrition if he is fed home-modified animal milk especially if it is not prepared correctly.
A mother should stop breastfeeding completely. People may ask why time to prepare
Must be made fresh each feeding time (unless she has a refrigerator) Needs utensils , fuel etc
May get pregnant soon
A baby needs about 15 litres of milk per month for the first 6 months needs to buy sugar and micronutrient supplement, which will cost approximately P 50.00.
The baby will need to drink from a cup.
fresh liquid milks (low fat cows milk; full fat cows milk; semi skimmed milk; sterilized milk) commercial formulas other powdered milks (coffee creamers; powdered milks for older children and adults) other tinned milks (evaporated milk; condensed milk) miscellaneous products (juices, tea, sugary drinks).
Group 1
whole cows milk buffalo or goats milk. available in cartons or bottles or people may collect it in their own containers.
This milk needs to be modified for an infant, but it can be in the POSSIBLE group.
fresh milk
diluted
cream removed.
Skimmed milk has the fat (cream) removed the energy level is low. most of the vitamins A and D are also removed because they are in the milk fat (UNSUITABLE).
Semi-skimmed milk, contains 2% fat, Milk normally contains about 3.5-4%. A baby may need additional energy if semi-skimmed milk is used it is UNSUITABLE.
Group 2
Evaporated milk
is sterilized, has some of the water removed, is sealed in cans. sometimes the fat content is altered. processing destroys vitamin C and folate but extra vitamins may be added. diluted with water, it has a similar composition to fresh milk (POSSIBLE )
Condensed milk
has some of the water removed but a lot of sugar has been addedmakes bacteria grow more slowly when the tin is opened. the fat level may be reduced. This balance of fat and sugar in condensed milk make it very different from evaporated milk (UNSUITABLE )
Group 3
Powdered Milk
Full cream powdered milk is whole cows milk that is dried to a powder much vitamin C and some B vitamins are lost but the protein, fat, minerals and most of the vitamins A and D remain
It can be made up with water to the strength of whole fresh milk (POSSIBLE).
Powdered Milk
Commercial infant formula usually made from cows milk the fat removed dried to a powder. another form of fat (often vegetable fat), sugar and micronutrients are added. needs only water added before use.
Group 5
Miscellaneous
Other foods and drinks are sometimes used to feed infants under six months of age- for example, juices, tea, sugary drinks.
These fill a childs stomach and may reduce his appetite for nutritious foods.
They are not suitable as an alternative to food for any young child.
In full strength full cream milk, the level of protein and some minerals is too high difficult for an infants immature kidneys to excrete the extra waste.
Commercial formula
has been modified the proportions of different nutrients are appropriate for infant feeding micronutrients have been added . Formula needs only to be mixed with the correct amount of water.
Commercial formula
Proportions of nutrients in either commercial or home-prepared formula can be altered BUT their quality cannot be made the same as breast milk. The immune factors and growth factors present in breast are NOT present in animal milk or formula, and they CANNOT be added
Commercial formula
dilute them with water - makes the energy too low add sugar to increase the energy. Add water
too little .. kidney overload w/ minerals &protein waste too much.. not enough nutrient not grow well
Sheep or buffalo milk contains more fat than cows or goats milk so they need to be diluted more, and less sugar is needed
RECIPES FOR HOME-PREPARED FORMULA Milk is diluted, sugar added Needs accurate scoop Needs additional micronutrients May not be easily available iron, zinc,Vit C, folic acid TIME , PATIENCE