2
çfrjks/k dk Loj
vxLr]
2009
tuoknh fdlku la?k"kks± ds ekeys esafcgkj jkT; Hkkjro"kZ dk dq#{ks=k gStgkaHkw fe lqèkkj dkuw u ds varxZr vkus okyh
gncanh] caVkbZ] csukeh] fcgkj ljdkj Hkwnkudh Hkwfe dks tehankjksa ds n[ky&dCtk lseqDr djkus rFkk lkearh mRihM+u ds [kkResds fy, xr n'kdksa ls tkjh fcgkj Hkwfeghuxjhc fdlkuksa dk la?k"kZo cfynku ns'k dstuoknh fdlku vkUnksyu dk ,d egRoiw .kZvk;ke gSA lfn;ksa lsmisf{kr xzkeh.k xjhcksads bl rcds esatehu dh Hkw [k Li"V fn[kkbZnsrh gSAØkafrdkjh fdlku laxBuksa dh ckr NksM+Hkh nh tk;s rks tehu ds fy, Hkwfeghuksa dsfNViqV la?k"kks± dh Hkh la[;k dkQh gSA ;g ckr vyx gS fd bl izdkj ds vlaxfBr oLor%LQwrZla?k"kZ mfpr fn'kk ds vHkko esaT;knk nw j rd vkxs ugha c<+ ikrsA xzkeh.kxjhcks a dh bl euksfn'kk dksHkkairsgq, fcgkj
es atc Hkh dksbZubZljdkj otw n es avkrh gS]
rks mls etcwju Hkwfe lqèkkj dh ckr djuhiM+rh gSA
1990
es a eq[;ea=kh cus ykyw ;knous Hkh Hkw fe lqèkkj dh tksjnkj odkyr dhFkhA
2005
esa tc furh'k fcgkj ljdkj dseqf[k;k cusrks caxky ds iSVuZ ij Hkwfelqèkkj dk >kalk Hkwfeghuksa dks fn;kA muds}kjk rhu lnL;h; Hkwfe lqèkkj vk;ksx dkxBu fd;k x;kA caxky ls Mh- canksikè;k;dks fcgkj ykdj mUgsa Hkwfe lqèkkj vk;ksx dk vè;{k cuk;k x;kA Mh- canksikè;k;vk;ksx us Ms<+ lky esaviuh fjiksVZ oflQkfj'ksa Hkh furh'k ljdkj dks lkSai nh]fdUrq ckr fjiksVZ ls vkxs ugha c<+ ldhAviuh iwoZoÙkhZ ljdkjksa ds uD'ks&dne ijpyrs gq, furh'k ljdkj us Hkh Hkwfe lqèkkjds ,ts.Ms dks BaMs cLrs esa Mky fn;kA;|fi blds igys xfBr dbZ vk;ksxksa usHkh fcgkj esa Hkw fe leL;k dk vè;;u fd;krFkk Hkwfe lqèkkjksa dh vifjgk;Zrk ij tksjfn;k ijarq mÙkjksÙkj ljdkjksaus mUgsa B.MscLrksa es a Mkys j[kkA e.My vk;ksx us HkhjsfMdy Hkwfe lqèkkjksa dh flQkfj'k dh FkhAykyw ;kno rFkk furh'k dqekj nksuksa ghe.My vk;ksx dk ne Hkjrs g® ijUrq Hkwfelqèkkj lEcaèkh ml vk;ksx dh flQkfj'k dksykyw ;kno us Hkh utjankt fd;k vkSj vc furh'k Hkh utjankt dj jgs g®A bldsvykok
1988
dk csukeh dkuwu Hkh B.MscLrs esa iM+k gqvk gSA ge ;gka canksikè;k;vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ dh fo'ka"k ppkZ blfy;sdj jgsg® D;ksafd bldk xBu Lo;afurh'kljdkj us fd;k FkkAvkbZ,] vc ge ns[ksa fd Mh- canksikè;k;vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ es a ,slk D;k gS tks uhfr'kljdkj dks ukxokj yxkA iwjs Ms<+ lkyrd fcgkj ds yxHkx lHkh ftyksa dh dqyHkw fe dh fLFkfr dh tkap ,oa ljdkjh fjdkMZdk voyksdu djusdsi'pkr vk;ksx us;g
ik;k fd
3-5
izfr'kr yksxksa ds ikl izkar dhdqy Hkwfe dk
33
izfr'kr gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd ;s
3-5
izfr'kr ,sls cM+s tehankjgSa ftuds ikl vkt Hkh lSdM+ks a>kjks a ,dM+tehu gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dk tehankjhmUewyu dkuw u bu cM+ s tehankjksads fo#)
ykxw ugha gks ldkA fiNys
58
lkyksa esajkT; es afdlh Hkh ljdkj usbu cM+ stehankjks a
dsfo#) dksbZdkjZokbZughadhA ;fn furh'k
ljdkj mDr vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ,oaflQkfj'kks a
dks Lohdkj dj ysa rks mls fcgkj dh dqyvkcknh ds bu
3-5
izfr'kr yksxksa ds fo#) Hkw fe vfèkxzg.k dh dkjZokbZ djuh gksxhAfcgkj flfyax ,DV ds lanHkZ esamDr vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ esa Li"VfVIi.kh dh xbZ gS fd gncanh dkuwu dsizHkkoh gksus dh le; lhek
9
flrEcj]
1970
ugha cfYd
9
tqykbZ]
1949
gksukpkfg, D;ksafd
9
tqykbZ]
1949
dks gncanhds lacaèk esa dqekjIik desVh dh fjiksVZ vkusds mijkar fcgkj dk tehankj oxZ gncanhdkuw u ls cpus vkSj viuh tehu cpkus dsfy,
9
flrEcj]
1970
rd vusdksa mik;dj pqds FkkA gncanh ls cp fudys dsfy, bl vofèk esa cjdjkj ljdkjksa us tehankjksadksi;kZIr NwV ,oa volj fn;kA gncanh
dkuw u dsLo:i ij fVIi.kh djrsgq, vk;ksx
usdgk fd Hkw fe dk fofHké Jsf.k;ks aes afoHkktu
djus ,oa fofHké Jsf.k;ksa ds gncanh dsvyx&vyx ekunaM r; djuk xyr gSD;ksafd blls HkwLokfe;ksadks viuh tehucpkusrFkk pqjkusdk volj gkFk yx x;kAmDr dkuwu ds bl udkjkRed igyw dkykHk mBkdj vfèkdka'k HkwLokfe;ksa us bldkuwu dh idM+ ls viuh tehu cpk yhAfcgkj esabl izdkj ds lSdM+ksa tehankjgS a ftuds fo#) mDr vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ oflQkfj'k dseqrkfcd Hkw Lokfe dsdqy tehu
ds vkèkkj ij cxSj fdlh Js.kh foHkktu ;kHksn dsgncanh dkuwu ykxw djuk gksxkAlkFk gh gncanh dh lhek
30
,dM+ ls?kVkdj
15
,dM+djuk gksxk D;ks afd ekStw nk
dkuwu ds eqrkfcd Hkwèkkjh dks vius fy, tehu viuh ethZ lspqjkus dk vfèkdkj gSAtkfgj gS fd og vflafpr] catj] ijrh]rkykc dh tehu drbZugha pqu ldrkAizkIr ljdkjh vkadM+ksa ds eqrkfcd fcgkj esagncanh dh vHkh rd vftZr dqy
3]67]000
,dM+ Hkwfe gS ftlesa
2]71]000
,dM+ ckaVhtk pqdh gSA
1]07]000
gtkj ,dM+ tehufofHké U;k;ky;ksads varxZr eqdneksaes aQalh
gSA fofnr gksfd
1972
es arRdkyhu Hkw jktLo
ea=kh us dgk Fkk fd
18]00000
,dM+ Hkwfegncanh ds varxZr izkIr gksuh pkfg,] fdUrqog ckn ds o"kks± esa ?kVrs&?kVrs
3]67]000
rd igqap xbZAnsgjknwu fLFkr ykycgknqj 'kkL=khvdkneh ds ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj
12]70]000
,dM+ fcgkj ,oa >kj[k.M esagncanh ds varxZr tehu fudy ldrh gSAvk;ksx ds eqrkfcd ;fn
30
,dM+ gncanhdh lhek ekuh tk;s rks
12]0000
,dM+tehu fudy ldrh gSA ;fn gncanh lhek
15
,dM+dh tk;srks
21]0000
,dM+tehufudy ldrh gSAfcgkj caVkbZnkjh dkuw u ij fVIi.kh djrs
gq, vk;ksx us dgk gS fd fcgkj caVkbZnkjhdkuw u okLro es aughagSA ,d Li"V caVkbZnkjh
dkuw u cukuk gksxkA caVkbZnkjksadsfy, vius
vki dks caVkbZnkj lkfcr dj ikuk ekStwnkdkuwu dh 'kÙkks ± ds eqrkfcd ,d nq"dj dk;ZgSA ekStwnk caVkbZnkjh dkuwu ds izk#i dksifjofrZr dj bl :i es a cuk;k tkuk pkfg, fd Hkwèkkjh [kqn ;g lkfcr djs fd veqd O;fDr mldk caVkbZnkj ugha gSA vk;ksx usviuh fjiksVZ esa bl ckr dks lkQ rkSj ijmtkxj fd;k gSfd orZeku caVkbZnkjh dkuw u
ds ihNs jS;r dh voèkkj.kk gS] caVkbZnkjhdh ughaA flfDdeh dkuwu ,oacaVkbZnkjhdkuwu vyx&vyx ek;us j[krk gSAflfDdehnkjksa dks caVkbZnkjksa dk ntkZ iznkufd;k tkuk xyr gSA tgka flfDdehnkjksadks tehu dk iw.kZ LokfeRo feyukpkfg,] ogka HkwLokeh cnyus ds cknHkh caVkbZnkjksa dks caVkbZnkj gksus dh iw.kZxkjaVh gksuh pkfg,AcaVkbZnkjksa ds lanHkZ esa viuh fjiksVZ esaftØ djrs gq, vk;ksx us Li"V :i ls dgkgS fd ;fn Hkw Lokeh caVkbZnkj dksmit djus
esa dqN [kpZ ds :i es a lg;ksx djs rks og dqy mit ds
40
izfr'kr ,oa caVkbZnkj
60
izfr'kr dk gdnkj gSA vU;Fkk caVkbZnkjmit dk
75
izfr'kr ,oaHkwLokeh
25
izfr'krdk gdnkj gSAljdkjh fjdkMZ ds eqrkfcd fcgkj esaHkwnku dh
6]48]000
,dM+ Hkwfe gS ftlesa
2]55]000
,dM+ tehu forfjr gks pqdh gSA
2]78]000
,dM+[kjkc tehu gSA
1]14]000
ckaVuk 'ks"k gSA vk;ksx us losZ{k.k ds nkSjku;g ik;k fd iz'kklu ,oa Hkwnku ;K desVhdschp csgrj rkyesy dk vHkko gSA blfy,
izR;sd ftys es a,d vfrfjDr fMIVh dysDVj
Hkwnku Hkwfe ds forj.k dk;Z ds fu"iknu dsfy, fu;qDr fd;k tk;sAHkw fe lqèkkjks adsçfr 'kkld oxks ±dsfojksèkh
joS;s dh otg ls gh vc rd Hkwfe dhleL;k dk lekèkku laHko ugha gks ldkAljdkjh dkxth vkadM+s dqN vkSj dgrs gSatcfd okLrfod èkjkry ij ckr dqN vkSjgh gksrh gSA Hkwfe lqèkkj dks ykxw djkuslacaèkh ljdkjh iz;klksa dksbl rF; lsle>k tk ldrk gS fd fcgkj esa
1]07]000
,dM+ Hkwfe lacaèkh eqdnes fofHké U;k;ky;ksaesa fopkjkèkhu gSA Mh- canksikè;k; vk;ksx usgncanh ,oa caVkbZnkjh dkuwu dh detksfj;ks adks fpfUgr dj mls nwj djus lacaèkh lq>koHkh fn;k gSAjksgrkl esa gncanh dkuw u ds varxZryxHkx
3]000
,dM+ Hkwfe vfèk'ks"k ?kksf"krdh xbZ FkhA rRdkyhu Hkw jktLo ea=kky;}kjk
2005
es aizdkf'kr ,d fjiksVZdseqrkfcd
mDr Hkwfe ds forj.k dk dke lEié djfn;k x;k gSA dsoy
39
,dM+Hkwfe dkforj.k ugha gks ik;k gSA mDr ys[kk&ts[kkljdkjh QkbZyksa esa ntZ ipkZ forj.k dsvkèkkj ij is'k fd;k x;kA ;svkadM+s tehulPpkbZlsijsgS aA lp ;g gS fd blesadsoy
yxHkx
25
izfr'kr ls Hkh de Hkwfe ijipkZèkkjh dkfct gS aD;ks afd gncanh lslacafèkr
T;knkrj ekeys U;k;ky;ksa esa o"kks± ls yafcrgSaA ipkZèkkjh tehu ls iwjh rjg csn[ky gSAMh- canksikè;k; dh flQkfj'kksa dks ykxw fd;k tk;s rks gncanh dh yxHkx
5]000
,dM+ Hkwfe vkSj fudy ldrh gSA ftys esa
1]200
,dM+ Hkwfe Hkwnku ;K desVh dseqrkfcd forj.k ;ksX; gS tks Hkwifr;ksa ,oadqN dfFkr Qkeks± ds dCtsesa gSA;gka ,d tfVy leL;k ;g gS fd Hkwfelqèkkj ds izfr 'kkld oxks± dh uhfr;ksa esavk;s cnyko dh otg ls Hkwfe lqèkkj dsfØ;kUo;u esa iSnk gqbZ f'kfFkyrk ,oa tM+rkgS sA njvly] 'kkld oxks ±dh ekStw nk O;oLFkk
dsvarxZr bl ekeysds dkuw uh gy dk ekxZ
vo#) gks x;k gSA 'kkld oxZ dh Hkwfelqèkkj&fojksèkh uhfr;ksa dh dkyh Nk;k Hkwfelqèkkj ij Li"V :i ls fn[k jgh gSA fiNysnl&ianzg lkyks alsyxHkx
300
,dM+gncanh]caVkbZ] fcgkj ljdkj ds Hkwfe forj.k dsfy, gekjsusrRo es a py jgs la?k"kZdk dksbZ
Bksl gy ugha fudy ldkA iqjkus HkwfevkUnksyu esa my>s gksus ds dkj.k ge u;svkUnksyu Hkh [kM+k ugha dj ik jgsgS aA Hkwfe
lqèkkj dkuwu dsfØ;kUo;u es a mRié tM+rk
o f'kfFkyrk ØkfUrdkjh ,oatuoknh fdlkuvkUnksyu ds le{k ,d xaHkhj pqukSrh gSAbl pqukSrh dksdcw y djrsgq, ges a xkaoksa
dsHkw feghu xjhc fdlkuks a,oavU; esgurd'k
tuoknh rcdksa es a ljdkj dh nksxyh uhfrds f[kykQ rhoz eqfge NsM+ nsuh pkfg,Afdlku turk dks 'kkld oxZ ,oa mudhljdkjksa dh Hkwfe lqèkkj&fojksèkh uhfr;ksa dsfo#) xksycan dj vkUnksyu dks rhoz oO;kid djuk gksxkA ØkfUrdkjh ,oatuoknh'kfDr;ks a ds usrRo es a fdlku turk dhrkdr rS;kjh ,oa igy ij vkèkkfjrtukUnksyuks a ds rhoz vkosx lsHkwfe lqèkkj dsfØ;kUo;u esa mRié tM+rk ,oa f'kfFkyrknw j gks ldrh gSA vHkh gky ds o"kks±esa ns'kdsdbZizkarksaes a foLFkkiu&fojksèkh tukUnksyuksa
us;g lkfcr dj fn[kk;k gS fd 'kkld oxZvkSj mldh ljdkjsa viuh ?kksf"kr uhfr ofu.kZ;ksa ls ihNs gV ldrh gSA la{ksi esa ;fndgk tk;srks gesa Hkwfe lqèkkj dsrFkkdfFkrfu"d"kZfoghu leiZ.koknh lrgh dkuw uh jkLrs
dh txg rsyaxkuk] uDlyckM+ h] eq'kgjhtSls egku l'kL=k fdlku vkUnksyuksa dsjkLrsdks etcwrh ls viukuk gksxkA bldscxSj Hkwfe lqèkkj dks dksbZ Hkfo"; ugha gSA
Hkwfe lqËkkj dh [kLrk gkyr vkSj gekjk vkUnksyu
Jhdkar eËkqdj
Hkkjr dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ (ekDlZoknh&ysfuuoknh) ds izdk'ku
U;w MseksØslh
(vaxzsth esa)izfrjksèk dk Loj(fgUnh esa)iztkiaèkk(rsyqxq esa)foIyoh x.k ykbu(caxyk esa)yksd ;q¼(ejkBh esa)badykch lkMk jkg(iatkch esa)laxzkeh ,drk (mfM+;k esa)
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