o"kZ

23,

la[;k

vxLr]

2009

ewY; %

#i;s

1969 es a i`Fkd rsya xkuk vkUnks yu ds le; gekjh ikVhZdksviuh fLFkfr dh leh{kk djuh pkfg, Fkh] tS lk fd geusvc fd;k gSA ml le; lsges a i`Fkd rs ya xkuk dh eka x dk leFkZu djuk pkfg, FkkA ,s lk u djusds fy, ikVhZ vkRe&vkykspuk djrh gSA gekjh ikVhZvk'kk djrh gSfd ns j lsgh lgh] ij ;g lgh fLFkfr rs ya xkuk dh turk] cq fºthfo;ks a rFkk tuoknh yksxksa }kjk ldkjkRed :i ls yh tk;s xhA

µ izkarh; desVh]lh-ih-vkbZ- ¼,e&,y½&U;w MseksØslh

vkaèkzizns'k esa gky es a gq, pqukoksa es a 'kkld oxks±dh ikfVZ;ksausrsyaxkuk iFkd jkT; ds eqísdksdkQh mNkyk FkkA eq[;ea=kh jkt'ks[kj jsM~Mh us rsyaxkuk {ks=k esa pqukods le; dgk Fkk fd os bl ekax dk fojksèkugha djrs] gkykafd ckn esa vU; {ks=kksa esapquko izpkj esa mUgks aus bl ekax dk fojksèkfd;kA pqukoks adsckn 'kkld oxks ±dh ikfVZ;ks a us bl eqís dk BaMs cLrs esa Mky fn;k gSAvkaèkz izns'k pqukoksa esa dkaxzsl rFkk rsyaxkukdh {ks=kh; ikfVZ;ksa] fo'ks"kdj Vh-vkj-,l-]dh gkj dh O;k[;k bl ekax dks tu leFkZuu gksus ds :i esa dh tk jgh gSAbl jktuhfrd okrkoj.k esa lh-ih-vkbZ-¼,e&,y½&U;w MseksØslh dh izkarh; desVh usiFkd rsyaxkuk dsleFkZu esaoh-,l-Vh- ;wfu;u gkWy esa ,d lEesyu dk vk;kstufd;kA fnu Hkj ds bl lEesyu esa vkaèkzizns'k dh rhu {ks=kks a µ rsyaxkuk] rVh; vkaèkz rFkk jk;ylhek µ ls

1000

lsvfèkd izfrfufèk;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA lEesyu dhvè;{krk dk- okbZ-,l- jko] dk- xksoèkZurFkk dk- pyifr jko ds vè;{keaMy usdhA dk- ,l- osadVs'oj jko us izfrfufèk;ksadk Lokxr fd;kA bl volj ij ikVhZ dhvksj ls ,d iqfLrdk Hkh izdkf'kr dh xbZftlesa bl eqís ij ikVhZ dh fLFkfr dhfoLrr ppkZdh xbZrFkk iFkd rsyaxkuk dh ekax dk leFkZu nsj ls djus ds fy, vkRekykspuk dh xbZA ¼ckWDl½lEesyu dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, izks-gjxksiky us lh-ih-vkbZ- ¼,e&,y½&U;w MseksØslh dh igy dh iz'kalk dh rFkk ikVhZ}kjk [kqyh vkRekykspuk ls izksRlkfgr gksdjeap ls viuh vkRekykspuk dhAizks- th- pØik.kh us f'k{kk o jkstxkj ds{ks=k es a rsyaxkuk {ks=k dsfuokfl;ks adsf[kykQ fd;stk jgs HksnHkko dh ppkZdhA vkaèkzT;ksfr dslEiknd ds- Jhfuokl us rsyaxkukdh lkaLdfrd fo'ks"krkvks a ij fopkj j[ksA ,-vkbZ-ds-,e-,l- ds egklfpo dk- th-fnokdj usrsyaxkuk {ks=k es aflapkbZdh leL;k dh foLrr O;k[;k dh rFkk bl fo"k; ijvius lq>ko j[ksAikVhZ dh izkarh; desVh dh vksj ls dk-lw;Ze us eq[; vkys[k is'k fd;k ftlesaiFkd rsyaxkuk ij ikVhZ dh fLFkfr dksLi"V fd;k x;kA ikVhZ dh dsUnzh; desVh }kjktuojh

2009

iFkd rsyaxkuk ekax dsleFkZu esa ikfjr izLrko ds vkèkkj ij mDr vkys[kes aikVhZdh fLFkfr dh ppkZdh xbZA lEesyu dsvar es a b¶Vw ds egklfpo dk- ch- iznhius Hkkoh dk;ZØeksa ds ckjs es a ,d izLrko is'kfd;k ftls lEesyu }kjk Lohdkj fd;kx;kA v#.kksn; uslkaLdfrd dk;ZØeks a ls lEesyu dks thoar cukus esaenn dhAikVhZ }kjk vk;ksftr lEesyu dkQhlkef;d jgkA blusiFkd rsyaxkuk dhekax dks 'kkld oxks± dh ikfVZ;ksa ds pqukohpØO;wg ls fudkyus rFkk bl eqís ijdE;qfuLV Økafrdkjh le> dks Li"V djus,oaigy dksfodflr djuses adkQh lgk;rk dhA

gSnjkckn %

vxLr]

2009

i`Fkd rsyaxkuk ds leFkZu esa ikVhZ }kjk lEesyu

('ks"k i`"B

ij) ('ks"k i`"B

ij)

nf{k.k vesfjdk ds ns'k gkaMqjkl esa

tw u]

2009

dkslqcg

ctsQkSt usfuokZfpr jk"Vªifr eSuq,y tsyk;k dk r[rk iyVfn;kA tsyk;k dksfxj¶rkj dj gokbZtgkt ls tcju dksLVk fjdk Hkst fn;kA nf{k.kvesfjdk ds ns'kksa ds fy, lsuk }kjkr[rkiyV dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gSA ysfdufiNys nks n'kdksa ls ,slh dkjZokbZ;ka #dhgqbZ FkhaA ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd lSU;r[rkiyV vesfjdk esa vksckek iz'kklu dsdk;Zdky esa gqvkAlSU; r[rkiyV dh nf{k.k vesfjdk dsns'kksa esa O;kid izfrfØ;k gqbZ rFkk blsvesfjdk lefFkZr lSU; r[rkiyVksa dhiqujkofÙk ds:i es a ns[kk x;kA vesfjdh ns'kksa ds laxBu us lSU; r[rkiyV dh fuank dh rFkk gkaMqjkl ds u;s 'kklu dks laxBudh lnL;rk ls fuyfEcr dj fn;kA

tw u dks la;qDr jk"Vªdh vkelHkk usHkh r[rkiyV dh vkykspuk dh rFkk fuokZfprjk"Vªifr tsyk;k dh lÙkk esa okilh dh ekax dhA bl fo'oO;kih fuank dsckotw n gkaMqjkl ds lsuk }kjk LFkkfir 'kklu us tsyk;k dhokilh ls badkj dj fn;kA tsyk;k }kjkgkaMqjkl okil vkus ds iz;klksa dks lsuk usfoQy dj fn;kA nwljh vksj] etnwjksa ofdlkuksa dslaxBu lÙkk esa tsyk;k dhokilh ds fy, la?k"kZ dj jgs gSaA jktekxks±ij vojksèk tkjh gSrFkk jktèkkuh rsxqflxkYik o vU; 'kgjksa esa izn'kZu tkjh gS aAgkaMqjkl ds u;s 'kkldksa dh gBèkfeZrkdsihNsbl r[rkiyV dks vesfjdh 'kkldksa dk leFkZu gSA njvly] gkaMqjkl vkfFkZd o lSU; :i ls vesfjdk ij bruk fuHkZj gSfd blds 'kkldksa ds fy, vesfjdk dsf[kykQ tkuk laHko ugha gSA oSls Hkh ;s'kkld turk es a vyx&Fkyx iM+ s gq, gSarFkk vesfjdk ds leFkZu ls gh lÙkk ij dkfctgSaA gkaMqjkl esa lSU; r[rkiyV ls vksckekiz'kklu }kjk ubZ'kq#vkr ds'kksj dh dybZ [kqy xbZ gSAgkaMqjkl mÙkj o nf{k.k vesfjdh egk}hiks a dkstksM+us okys HkwHkkx ij fLFkr ,d NksVkns'k gSA ;g if'pe esa ,ylYokMksj]mÙkj&if'pe esa XokVsekyk] nf{k.k&iwoZ esafudkjkxqvk ls f?kjk gSA blds mÙkj esadSjsfc;u lkxj gS rFkk nf{k.k esa iz'kkaregklkxj dh [kkM+ h gSA

1]10]000

oxZfdeh-{ks=kQy rFkk

yk[k dh vkcknh okyk ;g ns'k ubZ nqfu;k dk rhljk lcls xjhc ns'kgS rFkk Hkkjh fons'kh dtZ esa Mwck gqvk gSAgkaMqjkl dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa[ksrh dkfgLlk

izfr'kr] m|ksxksa dk

izfr'krrFkk 'ks"k lsokvksa dk gSA vkcknh dk yxHkx

izfr'kr [ksrh esa yxk gSA gkaMqjkl dsfu;kZr esa lcls vfèkd dkWQh gS] blds ckndsyksa dk uacj vkrk gSA ;gkacsjkstxkjh dhnj

27-9

izfr'kr gS rFkk U;wure osruvesfjdk dsns'kksa esaU;wure Lrj ij gSAvkcknh dk yxHkx vkèkk fgLlk xjhch js[kkds uhps thou&;kiu djrk gSAgkaMqjkl dh vFkZO;oLFkk dh vesfjdkij fuHkZjrk dk vanktk bl ckr ls yxk;ktk ldrk gSfd gkaMqjkl dsdqy fu;kZr ¼

1-66

vjc Mkyj½ dk

izfr'kr vesfjdkdkstkrk gS rFkk dqy vk;kr ¼

2-7

vjc Mkyj½ dk

izfr'kr ls vfèkd vesfjdkls vkrk gSA vesfjdk esa dk;Zjr gkaMqlukxfjdks a }kjk okil Hksth tkus okyh jkf'kldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk

izfr'kr lsvfèkd gSA gkaMqjkl esa dqy fons'kh iwath fuos'k dk

gkaMqjkl % vesfjdh leFkZu ls QkSth r[rk iyV

Hkktik usrk tloar flag dh ikfdLrkuds dk;ns&vkte eksgEen vyh fték ijfy[kh iqLrd ds izdk'ku rFkk blds cknHkktik lsmudsfu"dklu us,d ckj fQj Hkkjr ds lkEiznkf;d foHkktu ij cgl dksrst dj fn;k gSA

1947

iwoZ Hkkjr ds cM+susrkvksa µ xkaèkh] fték] usg:] iVsy vkfnµ dh foHkktu esaHkwfedk ppkZdk fo"k; cuxbZ gSA v[kckjksaesa izdkf'kr fjiksVks± dsvuqlkj tloar flag us u dsoy fték dsO;fDrRo dh iz'kalk dh cfYd iVsy dhHkw fedk ij Hkh lokfy;k fu'kku yxk;kA

2005

esaikfdLrku ;k=kk ds nkSjku Hkktikds 'kh"kZ usrk ykyd".k vkMok.kh us ftékdks ^èkeZfujis{k* dgdj ns'k ds 'kkld oxks±dh jktuhfr esa gypy iSnk dh Fkh rFkkvkj-,l-,l-] dkaxzsl] lh-ih-,e- lesr'kkld oxks± dh lHkh ikfVZ;ksa ds usrkvksa usmldh vkykspuk dh FkhA gky esa vkj-,l-,l- ds iwoZ izeq[k lqn'kZu us c;ku fn;k gSfd fték ,d le; yksdekU; fryd dslg;ksxh Fks rFkk Hkkjr dh ,drk ds i{kèkjFksA lqn'kZu usxkaèkh dsusg: eksg ij fu'kkuk lkèkrs gq, mUgsa ns'k ds foHkktu ds fy, eq[; :i ls ftEesnkj Bgjk;kAHkkjr ds foHkktu ds le; dkaxzsl dsvè;{k ekSykuk vCnqy dyke vktkn us Hkhviuh iqLrd ßbf.M;k foal ÝhMeÞ es axkaèkh] usg: rFkk iVsy dh Hkwfedk dh vkykspukdh gSA blh dkj.k mudh ;g iqLrd mudhbPNkuqlkj mudh eR;q dsckn izdkf'kr dhxbZ FkhAnjvly] Hkkjr rFkk ikfdLrku nksuksaesaHkkjr dsfoHkktu dsckjsesadf=ke le> dk cksyckyk gSA Hkkjr o ikfdLrku ds'kkld oxZ Hkkjr ds foHkktu ds ckjs esalrgh] ,di{kh; ,oa okLrfodrk ls gVhle> izpkfjr djrs gSaA izpkj ekè;eksa rFkkLdwyksa dh ikB~;&iqLrdksa esa 'kkld oxks± dhle> gh izpkfjr o izlkfjr dh tkrh gSAHkkjr esa tgka fték o eqfLye yhx dksfoHkktu ds fy, ftEesnkj Bgjk;k tkrk gS]oghaikfdLrku esa lkjk nks"k xkaèkh] usg:]iVsy o dkaxzsl ds eRFks e<+k tkrk gSA nksuksagh ns'kksa ds 'kkld oxZ rkRdkfyd fczfV'kvkSifuosf'kd 'kklu dks nks"keqDr djrs gSaAtgka dkaxzsl o eqfLye yhx ds usrkvksadsfoHkktu es aHkw fedk dsckjses acgqr lsrF; miyCèk gSa rFkk vusd iqLrds a izdkf'kr gkspqdh gSa] 'kkld oxks± dh vksj ls budhHkwfedk dk lrgh ,oa eux<+ar fooj.k ghizpkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA mYys[kuh; ;g gSfd eqfLye yhx rFkk dkaxzsl nksuksa us ghHkkjr ds lkEiznkf;d foHkktu dks Lohdkjfd;k Fkk vkSj ml miegk}hi dks vc rd dh lcls cM+h ekuoh; =kklnh esa èkdsykFkkA pan ekg esa nl yk[k ls vfèkd yksx dRy dj fn;s x;sFksrFkk djksM+ksa yksxksa dksviuk ?kj&ckj NksM+dj Hkkxuk iM+k FkkAfoHkktu esa tkueky dh gkfu dk lclsT;knk [kkfe;ktk iatkfc;ks adksHkqxruk iM+kA loky dkaxzsl o eqfLye yhx ds fdlhfo'ks"k usrk dks uk;d ;k [kyuk;d lkfcrdjusdk ugha] cfYd

1947

iwoZds Hkkjr dhjktuhfr rFkk Hkkjr esa py jgs la?k"kks ± dksle>us dk gSrFkk lkFk gh ml le; dhfo'o ifjfLFkfr dks le>us dk gS tks Hkkjrds?kVukØe dks izHkkfor dj jgh FkhaAHkkjr dsrkRdkfyd bfrgkl ds vè;;uls bruk rks Li"V gh gS fd Hkkjr dslkEiznkf;d foHkktu dseq[; dykdj fczfV'k lkezkT;oknh 'kkld] dkaxzsl rFkk eqfLye

1947 ds foHkktu ij xgjh cgl t:jh gS

Hkkjr dh dE;q fuLV ikVhZ(ekDlZ oknh&ys fuuoknh) dh ds Unz h; des Vh dk eq [ki=

iz frjksËk dk Loj

çfrjks/k dk Loj

vxLr]

2009

tuoknh fdlku la?k"kks± ds ekeys esafcgkj jkT; Hkkjro"kZ dk dq#{ks=k gStgkaHkw fe lqèkkj dkuw u ds varxZr vkus okyh gncanh] caVkbZ] csukeh] fcgkj ljdkj Hkwnkudh Hkwfe dks tehankjksa ds n[ky&dCtk lseqDr djkus rFkk lkearh mRihM+u ds [kkResds fy, xr n'kdksa ls tkjh fcgkj Hkwfeghuxjhc fdlkuksa dk la?k"kZo cfynku ns'k dstuoknh fdlku vkUnksyu dk ,d egRoiw .kZvk;ke gSA lfn;ksa lsmisf{kr xzkeh.k xjhcksads bl rcds esatehu dh Hkw [k Li"V fn[kkbZnsrh gSAØkafrdkjh fdlku laxBuksa dh ckr NksM+Hkh nh tk;s rks tehu ds fy, Hkwfeghuksa dsfNViqV la?k"kks± dh Hkh la[;k dkQh gSA ;g ckr vyx gS fd bl izdkj ds vlaxfBr oLor%LQwrZla?k"kZ mfpr fn'kk ds vHkko esaT;knk nw j rd vkxs ugha c<+ ikrsA xzkeh.kxjhcks a dh bl euksfn'kk dksHkkairsgq, fcgkj es atc Hkh dksbZubZljdkj otw n es avkrh gS] rks mls etcwju Hkwfe lqèkkj dh ckr djuhiM+rh gSA

1990

es a eq[;ea=kh cus ykyw ;knous Hkh Hkw fe lqèkkj dh tksjnkj odkyr dhFkhA

2005

esa tc furh'k fcgkj ljdkj dseqf[k;k cusrks caxky ds iSVuZ ij Hkwfelqèkkj dk >kalk Hkwfeghuksa dks fn;kA muds}kjk rhu lnL;h; Hkwfe lqèkkj vk;ksx dkxBu fd;k x;kA caxky ls Mh- canksikè;k;dks fcgkj ykdj mUgsa Hkwfe lqèkkj vk;ksx dk vè;{k cuk;k x;kA Mh- canksikè;k;vk;ksx us Ms<+ lky esaviuh fjiksVZ oflQkfj'ksa Hkh furh'k ljdkj dks lkSai nh]fdUrq ckr fjiksVZ ls vkxs ugha c<+ ldhAviuh iwoZoÙkhZ ljdkjksa ds uD'ks&dne ijpyrs gq, furh'k ljdkj us Hkh Hkwfe lqèkkjds ,ts.Ms dks BaMs cLrs esa Mky fn;kA;|fi blds igys xfBr dbZ vk;ksxksa usHkh fcgkj esa Hkw fe leL;k dk vè;;u fd;krFkk Hkwfe lqèkkjksa dh vifjgk;Zrk ij tksjfn;k ijarq mÙkjksÙkj ljdkjksaus mUgsa B.MscLrksa es a Mkys j[kkA e.My vk;ksx us HkhjsfMdy Hkwfe lqèkkjksa dh flQkfj'k dh FkhAykyw ;kno rFkk furh'k dqekj nksuksa ghe.My vk;ksx dk ne Hkjrs g® ijUrq Hkwfelqèkkj lEcaèkh ml vk;ksx dh flQkfj'k dksykyw ;kno us Hkh utjankt fd;k vkSj vc furh'k Hkh utjankt dj jgs g®A bldsvykok

1988

dk csukeh dkuwu Hkh B.MscLrs esa iM+k gqvk gSA ge ;gka canksikè;k;vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ dh fo'ka"k ppkZ blfy;sdj jgsg® D;ksafd bldk xBu Lo;afurh'kljdkj us fd;k FkkAvkbZ,] vc ge ns[ksa fd Mh- canksikè;k;vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ es a ,slk D;k gS tks uhfr'kljdkj dks ukxokj yxkA iwjs Ms<+ lkyrd fcgkj ds yxHkx lHkh ftyksa dh dqyHkw fe dh fLFkfr dh tkap ,oa ljdkjh fjdkMZdk voyksdu djusdsi'pkr vk;ksx us;g ik;k fd

3-5

izfr'kr yksxksa ds ikl izkar dhdqy Hkwfe dk

izfr'kr gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd ;s

3-5

izfr'kr ,sls cM+s tehankjgSa ftuds ikl vkt Hkh lSdM+ks a&gtkjks a ,dM+tehu gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dk tehankjhmUewyu dkuw u bu cM+ s tehankjksads fo#) ykxw ugha gks ldkA fiNys

lkyksa esajkT; es afdlh Hkh ljdkj usbu cM+ stehankjks a dsfo#) dksbZdkjZokbZughadhA ;fn furh'k ljdkj mDr vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ,oaflQkfj'kks a dks Lohdkj dj ysa rks mls fcgkj dh dqyvkcknh ds bu

3-5

izfr'kr yksxksa ds fo#) Hkw fe vfèkxzg.k dh dkjZokbZ djuh gksxhAfcgkj flfyax ,DV ds lanHkZ esamDr vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ esa Li"VfVIi.kh dh xbZ gS fd gncanh dkuwu dsizHkkoh gksus dh le; lhek

flrEcj]

1970

ugha cfYd

tqykbZ]

1949

gksukpkfg, D;ksafd

tqykbZ]

1949

dks gncanhds lacaèk esa dqekjIik desVh dh fjiksVZ vkusds mijkar fcgkj dk tehankj oxZ gncanhdkuw u ls cpus vkSj viuh tehu cpkus dsfy,

flrEcj]

1970

rd vusdksa mik;dj pqds FkkA gncanh ls cp fudys dsfy, bl vofèk esa cjdjkj ljdkjksa us tehankjksadksi;kZIr NwV ,oa volj fn;kA gncanh dkuw u dsLo:i ij fVIi.kh djrsgq, vk;ksx usdgk fd Hkw fe dk fofHké Jsf.k;ks aes afoHkktu djus ,oa fofHké Jsf.k;ksa ds gncanh dsvyx&vyx ekunaM r; djuk xyr gSD;ksafd blls HkwLokfe;ksadks viuh tehucpkusrFkk pqjkusdk volj gkFk yx x;kAmDr dkuwu ds bl udkjkRed igyw dkykHk mBkdj vfèkdka'k HkwLokfe;ksa us bldkuwu dh idM+ ls viuh tehu cpk yhAfcgkj esabl izdkj ds lSdM+ksa tehankjgS a ftuds fo#) mDr vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ oflQkfj'k dseqrkfcd Hkw Lokfe dsdqy tehu ds vkèkkj ij cxSj fdlh Js.kh foHkktu ;kHksn dsgncanh dkuwu ykxw djuk gksxkAlkFk gh gncanh dh lhek

,dM+ ls?kVkdj

,dM+djuk gksxk D;ks afd ekStw nk dkuwu ds eqrkfcd Hkwèkkjh dks vius fy, tehu viuh ethZ lspqjkus dk vfèkdkj gSAtkfgj gS fd og vflafpr] catj] ijrh]rkykc dh tehu drbZugha pqu ldrkAizkIr ljdkjh vkadM+ksa ds eqrkfcd fcgkj esagncanh dh vHkh rd vftZr dqy

3]67]000

,dM+ Hkwfe gS ftlesa

2]71]000

,dM+ ckaVhtk pqdh gSA

1]07]000

gtkj ,dM+ tehufofHké U;k;ky;ksads varxZr eqdneksaes aQalh gSA fofnr gksfd

1972

es arRdkyhu Hkw jktLo ea=kh us dgk Fkk fd

18]00000

,dM+ Hkwfegncanh ds varxZr izkIr gksuh pkfg,] fdUrqog ckn ds o"kks± esa ?kVrs&?kVrs

3]67]000

rd igqap xbZAnsgjknwu fLFkr ykycgknqj 'kkL=khvdkneh ds ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj

12]70]000

,dM+ fcgkj ,oa >kj[k.M esagncanh ds varxZr tehu fudy ldrh gSAvk;ksx ds eqrkfcd ;fn

,dM+ gncanhdh lhek ekuh tk;s rks

12]0000

,dM+tehu fudy ldrh gSA ;fn gncanh lhek

,dM+dh tk;srks

21]0000

,dM+tehufudy ldrh gSAfcgkj caVkbZnkjh dkuw u ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, vk;ksx us dgk gS fd fcgkj caVkbZnkjhdkuw u okLro es aughagSA ,d Li"V caVkbZnkjh dkuw u cukuk gksxkA caVkbZnkjksadsfy, vius vki dks caVkbZnkj lkfcr dj ikuk ekStwnkdkuwu dh 'kÙkks ± ds eqrkfcd ,d nq"dj dk;ZgSA ekStwnk caVkbZnkjh dkuwu ds izk#i dksifjofrZr dj bl :i es a cuk;k tkuk pkfg, fd Hkwèkkjh [kqn ;g lkfcr djs fd veqd O;fDr mldk caVkbZnkj ugha gSA vk;ksx usviuh fjiksVZ esa bl ckr dks lkQ rkSj ijmtkxj fd;k gSfd orZeku caVkbZnkjh dkuw u ds ihNs jS;r dh voèkkj.kk gS] caVkbZnkjhdh ughaA flfDdeh dkuwu ,oacaVkbZnkjhdkuwu vyx&vyx ek;us j[krk gSAflfDdehnkjksa dks caVkbZnkjksa dk ntkZ iznkufd;k tkuk xyr gSA tgka flfDdehnkjksadks tehu dk iw.kZ LokfeRo feyukpkfg,] ogka HkwLokeh cnyus ds cknHkh caVkbZnkjksa dks caVkbZnkj gksus dh iw.kZxkjaVh gksuh pkfg,AcaVkbZnkjksa ds lanHkZ esa viuh fjiksVZ esaftØ djrs gq, vk;ksx us Li"V :i ls dgkgS fd ;fn Hkw Lokeh caVkbZnkj dksmit djus esa dqN [kpZ ds :i es a lg;ksx djs rks og dqy mit ds

izfr'kr ,oa caVkbZnkj

izfr'kr dk gdnkj gSA vU;Fkk caVkbZnkjmit dk

izfr'kr ,oaHkwLokeh

izfr'krdk gdnkj gSAljdkjh fjdkMZ ds eqrkfcd fcgkj esaHkwnku dh

6]48]000

,dM+ Hkwfe gS ftlesa

2]55]000

,dM+ tehu forfjr gks pqdh gSA

2]78]000

,dM+[kjkc tehu gSA

1]14]000

ckaVuk 'ks"k gSA vk;ksx us losZ{k.k ds nkSjku;g ik;k fd iz'kklu ,oa Hkwnku ;K desVhdschp csgrj rkyesy dk vHkko gSA blfy, izR;sd ftys es a,d vfrfjDr fMIVh dysDVj Hkwnku Hkwfe ds forj.k dk;Z ds fu"iknu dsfy, fu;qDr fd;k tk;sAHkw fe lqèkkjks adsçfr 'kkld oxks ±dsfojksèkh joS;s dh otg ls gh vc rd Hkwfe dhleL;k dk lekèkku laHko ugha gks ldkAljdkjh dkxth vkadM+s dqN vkSj dgrs gSatcfd okLrfod èkjkry ij ckr dqN vkSjgh gksrh gSA Hkwfe lqèkkj dks ykxw djkuslacaèkh ljdkjh iz;klksa dksbl rF; lsle>k tk ldrk gS fd fcgkj esa

1]07]000

,dM+ Hkwfe lacaèkh eqdnes fofHké U;k;ky;ksaesa fopkjkèkhu gSA Mh- canksikè;k; vk;ksx usgncanh ,oa caVkbZnkjh dkuwu dh detksfj;ks adks fpfUgr dj mls nwj djus lacaèkh lq>koHkh fn;k gSAjksgrkl esa gncanh dkuw u ds varxZryxHkx

3]000

,dM+ Hkwfe vfèk'ks"k ?kksf"krdh xbZ FkhA rRdkyhu Hkw jktLo ea=kky;}kjk

2005

es aizdkf'kr ,d fjiksVZdseqrkfcd mDr Hkwfe ds forj.k dk dke lEié djfn;k x;k gSA dsoy

,dM+Hkwfe dkforj.k ugha gks ik;k gSA mDr ys[kk&ts[kkljdkjh QkbZyksa esa ntZ ipkZ forj.k dsvkèkkj ij is'k fd;k x;kA ;svkadM+s tehulPpkbZlsijsgS aA lp ;g gS fd blesadsoy yxHkx

izfr'kr ls Hkh de Hkwfe ijipkZèkkjh dkfct gS aD;ks afd gncanh lslacafèkr T;knkrj ekeys U;k;ky;ksa esa o"kks± ls yafcrgSaA ipkZèkkjh tehu ls iwjh rjg csn[ky gSAMh- canksikè;k; dh flQkfj'kksa dks ykxw fd;k tk;s rks gncanh dh yxHkx

5]000

,dM+ Hkwfe vkSj fudy ldrh gSA ftys esa

1]200

,dM+ Hkwfe Hkwnku ;K desVh dseqrkfcd forj.k ;ksX; gS tks Hkwifr;ksa ,oadqN dfFkr Qkeks± ds dCtsesa gSA;gka ,d tfVy leL;k ;g gS fd Hkwfelqèkkj ds izfr 'kkld oxks± dh uhfr;ksa esavk;s cnyko dh otg ls Hkwfe lqèkkj dsfØ;kUo;u esa iSnk gqbZ f'kfFkyrk ,oa tM+rkgS sA njvly] 'kkld oxks ±dh ekStw nk O;oLFkk dsvarxZr bl ekeysds dkuw uh gy dk ekxZ vo#) gks x;k gSA 'kkld oxZ dh Hkwfelqèkkj&fojksèkh uhfr;ksa dh dkyh Nk;k Hkwfelqèkkj ij Li"V :i ls fn[k jgh gSA fiNysnl&ianzg lkyks alsyxHkx

300

,dM+gncanh]caVkbZ] fcgkj ljdkj ds Hkwfe forj.k dsfy, gekjsusrRo es a py jgs la?k"kZdk dksbZ Bksl gy ugha fudy ldkA iqjkus HkwfevkUnksyu esa my>s gksus ds dkj.k ge u;svkUnksyu Hkh [kM+k ugha dj ik jgsgS aA Hkwfe lqèkkj dkuwu dsfØ;kUo;u es a mRié tM+rk o f'kfFkyrk ØkfUrdkjh ,oatuoknh fdlkuvkUnksyu ds le{k ,d xaHkhj pqukSrh gSAbl pqukSrh dksdcw y djrsgq, ges a xkaoksa dsHkw feghu xjhc fdlkuks a,oavU; esgurd'k tuoknh rcdksa es a ljdkj dh nksxyh uhfrds f[kykQ rhoz eqfge NsM+ nsuh pkfg,Afdlku turk dks 'kkld oxZ ,oa mudhljdkjksa dh Hkwfe lqèkkj&fojksèkh uhfr;ksa dsfo#) xksycan dj vkUnksyu dks rhoz oO;kid djuk gksxkA ØkfUrdkjh ,oatuoknh'kfDr;ks a ds usrRo es a fdlku turk dhrkdr rS;kjh ,oa igy ij vkèkkfjrtukUnksyuks a ds rhoz vkosx lsHkwfe lqèkkj dsfØ;kUo;u esa mRié tM+rk ,oa f'kfFkyrknw j gks ldrh gSA vHkh gky ds o"kks±esa ns'kdsdbZizkarksaes a foLFkkiu&fojksèkh tukUnksyuksa us;g lkfcr dj fn[kk;k gS fd 'kkld oxZvkSj mldh ljdkjsa viuh ?kksf"kr uhfr ofu.kZ;ksa ls ihNs gV ldrh gSA la{ksi esa ;fndgk tk;srks gesa Hkwfe lqèkkj dsrFkkdfFkrfu"d"kZfoghu leiZ.koknh lrgh dkuw uh jkLrs dh txg rsyaxkuk] uDlyckM+ h] eq'kgjhtSls egku l'kL=k fdlku vkUnksyuksa dsjkLrsdks etcwrh ls viukuk gksxkA bldscxSj Hkwfe lqèkkj dks dksbZ Hkfo"; ugha gSA

Hkwfe lqËkkj dh [kLrk gkyr vkSj gekjk vkUnksyu

Jhdkar eËkqdj

Hkkjr dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ (ekDlZoknh&ysfuuoknh) ds izdk'ku

U;w MseksØslh

(vaxzsth esa)izfrjksèk dk Loj(fgUnh esa)iztkiaèkk(rsyqxq esa)foIyoh x.k ykbu(caxyk esa)yksd ;q¼(ejkBh esa)badykch lkMk jkg(iatkch esa)laxzkeh ,drk (mfM+;k esa)

vxLr]

2009

çfrjks/k dk Loj

fudkjxqvk XokVsekyk ,y lYokMksj gkaMqjkl



nf{k.k Á'kkar egklkxj

gkaMqjkl % vesfjdh leFkZu ls QkSth r[rk iyV

nks fgrkbZ ls vfèkd vesfjdk ls gSAgkaMqjkl dsfons'k O;kikj] fo'ks"kdj df"k mRikn tksfd eq[; fu;kZr gS a] ij nksvesfjdh dEifu;ksa dk fu;a=k.k gS µ fpfdVk czkaM~lbaVjus'kuy da- tks fd ;wukbZVsM ÝwV dhmÙkjkfèkdkjh gS rFkk Mksy QwM da-A nf{k.kvesfjdk dsns'kksads df"k vkèkkfjr fu;kZr ij bu dEifu;ks adk vkfèkiR; gSrFkk nf{k.k vesfjdk ds ns'kksa esalSU; r[rkiyV esa budEifu;ksa dh Hkwfedk jgh gSAgkaMqjkl dh vesfjdk ij lSU; fuHkZjrkrks vkSj Hkh vfèkd gSA gkaMqjkl dh lsuk dsmPp vfèkdkjh vesfjdk ds tkftZ;k izkar esafLFkr ßLdwy vkWQ vesfjdktÞ ¼vc ukecny fn;k x;k gS½ ls izf'k{k.k ik;s gq, gSaA;g Ldwy lSU; r[rkiyV ds fy, QkSthvfèkdkfj;ksa dks izf'kf{kr djus ds fy, dq[;kr gSA gkaMqjkl ds bl r[rkiyV dsfy, ftEesnkj lsukè;{k osykLdst rFkk lsuk ds vU; 'kh"kZ vfèkdkjh blh dq[;kr Ldwyls izf'k{k.k izkIr fd;sgq, gSaA lsuk dkyxHkx lkjk lktks&lkeku vesfjdk lsvkrkgSA lsuk }kjk iz;qDr dqN okgu Hkkjr obtjkbZy vkiw frZdjrk gS] fu'p; gh vesfjdk dh lgefr lsA gky es a vesfjdk us ok;qlsuk ds fodkl ds fy, lgk;rk nh gSAvesfjdh lh-vkbZ-,- gkaMqjkl ds lSfudksa dksgR;kvksa ds fy, izf'kf{kr djrh jgh gSAgkaMqjkl esalSU; r[rkiyV dk vesfjdhlkezkT;oknh 'kkldks ausèkw rZrk dslkFk leFkZu fd;kA jk"Vªifr vksckek us r[rkiyV dhvkykspuk dh] ij lSU; r[rkiyV ls lÙkkesavk;s'kklu dsf[kykQ dksbZ dkjZokbZugha dhA fons'k lfpo fgysjh fDyaVu usgkaMqjkl es a jk"Vªifr tsyk;k dh cgkyh dh txg ^laoSèkkfud O;oLFkk cgky* djus dh xqgkjyxkbZA tkfgj gS fd bldk edln tsyk;kdh okilh dks jksduk FkkA fons'k foHkkx dsizoDrk us tsyk;k }kjk gkaMqjkl okil tkusds iz;klksa dks ^cpdkuk* crk;kA dksLVkfjdk ds jk"Vªifr dks eè;LFkrk ds fy, pqukx;kA tkfgj gS fd bl le>kSrk okrkZ dkedln tsyk;k dh cgkyh dks Vkydjr[rkiyV ds usrkvksa dks viuk fu;a=k.ketcwr djus dk volj rFkk le; nsukFkkA tgka vksckek r[rkiyV dh vkykspukdjus dk fn[kkok dj jgs Fks] mudk iwjkiz'kklu r[rkiyV ds usrkvks a dks leFkZunsus esa yxk FkkA vesfjdk ds eq[; v[kckjlÙkkiyV dk xq.kxku dj jgs FksA mlhle; bZjku ds pqukoks a dks ^vyksdrkaf=kd*Bgjkusdks mrkoys vesfjdh izpkj ekè;egkaMqjkl esa fuokZfpr jk"Vªifr dks lsuk }kjkgVk;s tkusdh rjQnkjh dj jgs FksA mudscs'keZ izfrfufèk;ksa dk vlyh rdZ Fkk fd gkaMqjkl dslSU; 'kkld vesfjdk dsleFkZd gSa] blfy, mudk fojksèk ugha fd;k tkukpkfg,AgkaMqjkl esa dk;Zjr vesfjdh dEifu;ksads vesfjdh 'kkldksa ds lkFk xgjs lacaèk gSaAr[rkiyV ds nksizeq[k lykgdkjks a ds fons'k lfpo fgysjh fDyaVu ds lkFk vPNs lacaèkgSaA buesa ls ,d yseh Msfol] tks fgysjh dhjk"Vªifr in dh mEehnokjh esa lfØ; Fks]vesfjdk esa gkaMqjkl ds u;s 'kkldksa ds i{kes a 'kkld jktuhfrKksa dk leFkZu tqVkus esayxs gSaA vksckek ds vVkuhZ tujy gksYMjdksfoaxVu ¼yk QeZ½ esa fgLlsnkj gSa tksfpfdVk ds fgrksa dk izfrfufèkRo djrh gSAgksYMj us dksyfEc;k esa gR;kvksa ds vkjksiksaes a fpfdVk dh odkyr dh FkhA vesfjdk dsizeq[k 'kkld nyksa µ MseksØsfVd rFkkfjifCydu ikVhZ µ ds usrk gkaMqjkl dsu;s 'kkldksa dh estckuh dj jgs gSaAfjifCydu usrk tkWu eDdsu ds vkea=k.kij vk;s u;s 'kklu ds izfrfufèk;ksa dksbu nksuksa ikfVZ;ksa ds usrkvksa dk leFkZufey jgk gSAr[rkiyV esavesfjdh dEifu;ks a rFkk vesfjdk ls tqMs+ LFkkuh; iwathifr;ksa dhcM+h Hkw fedk gSA jkcVZ uSeu ds vuqlkjr[rkiyV ds usrkvksa usdksLVk fjdk dseè;LFkks adkscrk;k Fkk fd tsyk;k dh jk"Vªifr in ij okilh dsfy, mUgsa cM+h O;kikfjd dEifu;ks adksrS;kj djuses aenn dh t:jr gSA fpfdVk o Mksy }kjk tsyk;k ds fojksèkdk rkRdkfyd dkj.k tsyk;k }kjk U;wureosru esa

izfr'kr of) dk izLrko FkkAgkaMqjkl esa U;wure osru de gksus ds dkj.kbl of) dk vlj vU; iM+kSlh ns'kksaij iM+uk LokHkkfod FkkA Mksy rFkk fpfdVk dsfojksèk esa diM+k fuekZrk rFkk fu;kZrd Hkh'kkfey gks x;sAgkaMqjkl esa r[rkiyV esa vesfjdhfyIrrk ds dbZ izek.k Hkh lkeus vk;s gSaAgkaMqjkl esa vesfjdh jktnwr bl r[rkiyVds [kqys fgek;rh gSaA gkaMqjkl esa lksVksdkuks esa vesfjdk dk lSU; vM~Mk gS tgka

600

ls vfèkd vesfjdh lSfud rSukr gSaAtsyk;k dks jktèkkuh rsxqflYik ls dksLVkfjdk ys tkus okyk gokbZ tgkt blh lSU;vM~Ms ij rsy Hkjusds fy, #dkA vesfjdhiz'kklu dk vkpj.k Li"V djrk gS fd ;g r[rkiyV muds leFkZu ls fd;k x;kAvesfjdh v[kckj ykl ,atsYl VkbZEl dsvuqlkj ßgkaMqjkl esatksgqvk og ,d ek;us esa Dykldh; nf{k.k vesfjdh lSU;r[rkiyV FkkA bldk usrRo djusokykokLdst Ldwy vkWQ vesfjdkt] ckn es a ukecnyk x;k] dk Nk=k FkkA ;g Ldwy nf{k.kvesfjdk ds ,sls lSU; vQljksa ds izf'k{k.kdsfy, tkuk tkrk gSftUgks auslSU; r[rkiyV lesr ekuoh; vfèkdkjks a ds t?kU; vijkèkfd;s gSaAvksckek }kjk r[rkiyV dh vkykspukds ckotwn vesfjdh iz'kklu }kjk gkaMqjklds u;s 'kkldksads lkFk vkfFkZd o lSU;lg;ksx tkjh gSA lSU; r[rkiyV ij izfrcaèk yxkus ds dkuw u ds ckotwn u;s lSU; 'kkluds f[kykQ u rksvkfFkZd izfrcaèk yxk;s x;svkSj u gh lSU; lg;ksx can fd;k x;kAvesfjdk dsfons'k foHkkx usblsdkuw uh :i ls ßlSU; r[rkiyVÞ dk ntkZ nsus ls ghbadkj dj fn;k gS rFkk fons'k foHkkx lsuk}kjk lÙkk esa LFkkfir rkuk'kkg dksßdk;Zdkjh jk"VªifrÞ ds :i esa lEcksfèkrdjrk gSAßLdw y vkWQ vesfjdktÞ ds tu lEidZvfèkdkjh yh fj;kYl ds vuqlkj gkaMqjklds vfèkdkfj;ksa dk izf'k{k.k vHkh Hkh tkjhgSA Ldwy us

2001

2008

ds chp

431

vfèkdkfj;ks a dks izf'k{k.k fn;k gS rFkk

vfèkdkjh vHkh izf'k{k.k ik jgs gSaA lksVksdkuksds vesfjdh vM~Ms ij rSukr lts±Ves;lZ ds vuqlkj r[rkiyV ds ckn Hkhvesfjdk&gkaMqjkl lSU; lEcaèkks aes adksbZcnyko ugha vk;k gSAvksckek ds ekSf[kd fojksèk rFkk mudsiz'kklu ds lfØ; leFkZu ds pyrs nf{k.kvesfjdh ns'kksa esa vksckek dk vlyh psgjkcsudkc gks x;k gS rFkk ßvksckek iz'kklu lsmEehns a [kRe gks jgh gSaAÞ ¼tkWu ijfdal½nf{k.k vesfjdk dsns'kks aes avesfjdk&fojksèk dh ygj gSA ysfdu lkFk gh] equjks fl)kards rgr iksf"kr rFkk ikyk x;k nykyiw athifr;ks adk rcdk gS,oalkFk gh vesfjdh dEifu;ksadk bu ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksaij O;kid izHkko gSrFkk buds jktuhfrd thou esa xgjh n[ky gSA fiNys nks n'kdksadslajpuk lkeatL; dk;ZØeksa ds rgrvesfjdh dEifu;ksa ,oa eqV~Bh Hkj èkuh yksxksausHkkjh equkQk dek;k gSrFkk nf{k.k vesfjdk dsns'kksadh izpqj izkdfrd lEink dk nksgu fd;k gSrFkk 'kfDr dk 'kks"k.k fd;k gSA buuhfr;ksa ls ykHkkfUor rcdk vesfjdk dki{kèkj gSA turk dsfo'kky rcdksadsla?k"kks ± dks QkSth neu ls dqpyk tkrk jgk gS rFkktu vlarks"k dh lalnh; vfHkO;fDr dksQkSth r[rkiyV ds tfj;s nck;k tkrkjgk gSA bu vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa us tgka vketurk dks daxky fd;k] ogha bu ns'kksadhvFkZO;oLFkk dks Hkh xgjs ladV es a èkdsyfn;kA nf{k.k vesfjdk ds dbZ ns'kksa esa tufonzksg us 'kkldksa dks lÙkk ls gVus ds fy, etcwj fd;kA dbZ;ksa dks Hkkxdj fons'kksa esa'kj.k ysuh iM+hAc<+rstu vlarks"k dh i"BHkw fe esanf{k.k vesfjdk ds ns'kksa esa,sls 'kkluksa dk mn;'kq: gqvk tks vesfjdk }kjk vius ns'k dsfueZe 'kks"k.k ,oa,dkfèkdkj dk fojksèk djrs FksrFkk vius ns'kksadh izkdfrd laink ls vk; dk ,d fgLlk turk ds Åij [kpZdjus dsfgek;rh FksA osustq,yk ds g~;wxkspkost bl iqufoZrj.k dseq[; iSjksdkj cusrFkk vesfjdk }kjk lSU; r[rkiyV dstfj;s mUgsa lÙkk ls gVkus dk iz;kl foQy gksx;kA mUgks aus vU; rkdrks a µ if'peh ;wjksidsns'kksa µ :l rFkk phu µ ls lacaèk xgjsfd;s rFkk lkFk gh vesfjdh ;q) ds fu'kkusij jgs ns'kksa dk leFkZu fd;kA D;w ck dslkFk eS=khiw.kZlacaèkksa ij mudk fo'ks"k tksjjgkA os nf{k.k vesfjdk egk}hi esavesfjdk&fojksèk ds dsUnz ds :i esa mHkjsA,d ds ckn ,d nf{k.k vesfjdk ds ns'kksa esavesfjdk ds fiV~Bqvksa dks gkj dk lkeukdjuk iM+kA cqfu;knh dkj.k vesfjdk }kjkFkksih tk jgh uhfr;ksa ds fo#) turk dkvlarks"k Fkk] ij bldsdaèks p<+dj lÙkk esavkusokysusrkvksadh izofÙk;ka vyx&vyx gSaA czkthy] vts±Vhu] bDokMksj] cksyhfo;k]fudkjxqvk µ lHkh esa bl rjg ds lÙkkifjorZu gq,A gkaMqjkl ds fuokZfpr jk"Vªifrtsyk;k Hkh bl [ksesesa 'kkfey gks x;sA nwljh vksj] vesfjdk us Hkh viuslg;ksfx;ksa lslacaèk xgjs fd;sA dksyfEc;k]is:] iukek rFkk esfDldks es a vius fiV~ Bqvksadks ftrk;k rFkk vesfjdk&fojksèk dks dqandjusds fy, muls lSU; lacaèk xgjsfd;sAlkFk gh] vesfjdk&ijLr laHkzkar rcdk nf{k.kvesfjdk ds yxHkx lHkh ns'kksa esa ekStwn gSAvesfjdk bu ns'kksaes a LFkkuh; varfoZjksèkks a dk bLrseky bu ^u;s* 'kkldksa dks gVkus dsfy, djrk jgk gS rFkk buds f[kykQ fojksèkdksgok nsrk jgk gSA fQj Hkh] nf{k.k vesfjdk dsns'kks a esa vesfjdk&fojksèkh Loj eq[kj gksrkx;k gSA cq'k iz'kklu ds geykoj rsoj rFkkvkØked Hkk"kk bl fojksèk dks gok nsrhjghA lkFk gh phu o ;wjksi ds ns'kksa ds lkFkc<+rs O;kikj us nf{k.k vesfjdk ds ns'kksa dhO;kikj ds fy, vesfjdk ij fuHkZjrk dkfodYi izLrqr fd;k gSAvksckek ds 'kklu ds ckn cq'k dky dhvkØked Hkk"kk dks NksM+ fn;k x;k gS rFkkvkilh ^lg;ksx* dh ckr dh tk jgh gSAbldk edln nf{k.k vesfjdk dsns'kksa dstuekul esa vesfjdk dh Nfo dks lqèkkjukgS rFkk vesfjdk&fojksèkh 'kkldksadks vyxkoesa Mkyuk gSA ysfdu lkFk gh vesfjdhlkezkT;okn dh nf{k.k vesfjdk ij viukizHkqRo iquLFkkZfir djus dh eqfge rst dhtk jgh gSA u dsoy iqjkus QkSth vM~Mks a dksetcwr fd;k tk jgk gScfYd u;s QkSthvM~Ms LFkkfir fd;s tk jgsgSaA dksyfEc;kls gky esa bl vk'k; dk le>kSrk fd;kx;k gSA is: esa Hkh turk dk neu djus dsfy, ljdkj dh lgk;rk dh tk jgh gSAgkaMqjkl esalSU; r[rkiyV dksvesfjdh lkezkT;oknh 'kkldksa }kjk ykrhuh vesfjdhns'kksa esa vesfjdh izHkqRo dh iquLFkkZiuk dsiz;klks adsfgLlsds:i es ans[kk tkuk pkfg,A vksckek iz'kklu vesfjdh izHkqRo dhiquLFkkZiuk ds fy, cnyh dk;Zuhfr ysdjlkeus vk;k gSA vksckek iz'kklu vesfjdhlkezkT;okn dh fo'o izHkqRo lqfuf'pr djus dh eqfge dk ifjR;kx ugha] cfYd tkjh :igSA gka] dqN 'kCnkoyh dks cny fn;k x;kgS ftls vesfjdh lkezkT;okn ds xgjkrsvkfFkZd ladV rFkk nyny es aQalh geykoj QkSth eqfgeksa us vifjgk;Z cuk fn;k gSA oSlsHkh] [kks[kys 'kCnksa esa dqN [kpZ ugha gksrkAigysHkh] f}rh; fo'o ;q) dsckn fiNyh 'krkCnh ds NBsrFkk lkrosan'kdks a es aykrhuh vesfjdk ds dbZ ns'kksa esa ^yksdfiz;* ljdkjsalektokn dk uke ysdj lÙkk:<+ gqbZ FkhaAbudksvesfjdh lkezkT;oknh 'kkldks auslSU; r[rkiyV ds tfj;s pyrk dj fn;k rFkktu vlarks"k dks dqpy fn;kA bldk izeq[kdkj.k Fkk fd ;s ljdkjsa lÙkk ds ekStw nk<kaps esa gh rkdr esa vkbZ Fkha] D;wck bldkviokn FkkA mudk dk;ZØe lqèkkjoknh FkkrFkk lÙkk dk <kapk tu&fojksèkhA gkaMqjklesa Hkh lh-vkbZ-,- }kjk izf'kf{kr lSU;vfèkdkfj;ksa us rRdkyhu ekDlZoknh&ysfuuoknh dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dh gR;k,a dh FkhaAvkt Hkh vesfjdh lkezkT;oknh 'kkld oSlhgh eqfge ij fudy jgs gS aA ijUrq] vkt dhfo'o ifjfLFkfr vyx gSA vesfjdhlkezkT;okn dh fLFkfr vis{kkdr detksjgqbZ rFkk vesfjdk&fojksèkh rkdrksa dh fLFkfrvis{kkdr etcw rA ysfdu blls vesfjdh lkezkT;okfn;ksa dh lkft'ksa de ugha gksaxhcfYd vkSj èkwrZrkiw.kZ gksaxhAgkaMqjkl ds lSU; 'kkld fo'o tuerdksBqdjkrs gq, lÙkk ij viuh idM+ dksetcwr djus ds fy, iz;kljr gSaA ykrhuhvesfjdk ds O;kid fojksèk ds ckotwn] [kqngkaMqjkl es a turk dsfo{kksHk dsckotw n lSU; 'kkld turk ds neu dh rS;kjh dj jgsgSaA vesfjdh lkezkT;oknh 'kkldksa dkojngLr mudsflj ij gSA ijUrq;s'kkld turk esa vyx&Fkyx iM+s gq, gS aA lkFk gh]gkaMqjkl dh ?kVuk,a nf{k.k vesfjdk dsvU; ns'kksadsfy, psrkouh dk dke dj jgh gSaA vesfjdh 'kkld rkRdkfyd :i lsHkysgh gkaMqjkl esalQy gks tk,a] bllsykrhuh vesfjdh ns'kks aes amldsealw cks adsizfr vk'kadk,a vkSj xgjh gksaxh] vksckek ds 'kCnkMacj dsckotw nA

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