HEADQUARTERS FM 3-23.

35 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

COMBAT TRAINING WITH PISTOLS, M9 AND M11

JUNE 2 3
DISTRIBUTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. N!"#$ T!is boo"let contains t!e material found in t!e #!apters and Sections of t!e ori$inal document. T!e inde% &as reformatted. 'inor formattin$ c!an$es &ere made as needed( and t!e font face )arial) &as used to en!ance readabilit*.+

PREFACE
T!is manual provides $uidance on t!e operation and mar"smans!ip of t!e ',( ,-mm pistol( and t!e '..( ,-mm pistol. It reflects current arm* standards in &eapons /ualifications. It is a $uide for t!e instructor to develop trainin$ pro$rams( plans( and lessons t!at meet t!e ob0ectives of t!e US Arm* mar"smans!ip pro$ram for developin$ combat effective mar"smen. T!e soldier develops confidence( "no&led$e( and s"ills b* follo&in$ t!e $uidelines in t!is manual. Unless t!is publication states ot!er&ise( masculine nouns and pronouns used in t!is manual refer to bot! men and &omen.

I-N-D-E-%
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

CHAPTER 1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONING

This chapter describes the M9 and M11 semiautomatic pistols, their maintenance requirements, and their operation and functioning. S#&"'!( I. DESCRIPTION AND COMPONENTS T!e ', 12i$ure .-.3 and '.. 12i$ure .-43 pistols are ,-mm( semiautomatic( ma$a5inefed(

recoil-operation( double-action &eapons c!ambered for t!e ,-mm cartrid$e.

F'2/*# 1-1. 9-.. +')"!1, M9.

F'2/*# 1-2. 9-.. +')"!1, M11. 1-1. DESCRIPTION Summaries of e/uipment data for bot! pistols. M9 PISTOL #aliber....,-mm NATO S*stem of Operation....S!ort recoil( semiautomatic 6oc"in$ S*stem....Oscillatin$ bloc" 6en$t!....4.7 mm 18.9: inc!es3 ;idt!....<8 mm 1..9 inc!es3 =ei$!t.....:> mm 19.9. inc!es3 M,2,?'(# C,+,&'"8....15 R!/(-) ;ei$!t &it! ?mpt* 'a$a5ine....,@> $rams 14.. pounds3 ;ei$!t &it! .9-Round 'a$a5ine.....(.:9 $rams 14.@ pounds3 Barrel 6en$t!.....49 mm 1:.,4 inc!es3 Riflin$....Ri$!t-!and( si%-$roove 1pitc! 49> mm ,.8: inc!es+3 'u55le Aelocit*....<79 meters per second 1.(4<>.< feet per second3 'u55le ?ner$*....9@,.9 Ne&ton meters 1:<> foot pounds3 'a%imum Ran$e.....(8>> meters 1.(,@4.4 *ards3

'a%imum ?ffective Ran$e....9> meters 19:.7 *ards3 2ront Si$!t....Blade( inte$ral &it! slide Rear Si$!t....Notc!ed bar( dovetailed to slide Si$!tin$ Radius.....98 mm 1@.44 inc!es3 Safet* 2eatures....Decoc"in$Bsafet* lever( firin$ pin bloc". =ammer 1!alf-coc"ed notc!3....Crevents accidental disc!ar$e. Basic 6oad....:9 rounds Tri$$er Cull....Sin$le-action: 9.9> pounds Double-action: .4.<< pounds M11 PISTOL #aliber....,-mm NATO S*stem of Operation....S!ort recoil( semiautomatic 6oc"in$ S*stem....Oscillatin$ bloc" 6en$t!.....8> mm 17.>8 inc!es3 ;idt!....<7 mm 1..:@ inc!es3 =ei$!t.....<@ mm 19.<9 inc!es3 M,2,?'(# C,+,&'"8....13 R!/(-) ;ei$!t &it! ?mpt* 'a$a5ine....7:9 $rams 14@.. o53 ;ei$!t &it! .9-Round 'a$a5ine....8<> $rams 14,.. o5.3 Barrel 6en$t!....,8mm 1<.8@ inc!es3 Riflin$....Ri$!t-!and( si%-$roove 1pitc! 49> mm ,.8: inc!es+3 'u55le Aelocit*....<79 meters per second 1.(4<>.< feet per second3 'u55le ?ner$*....9@,.9 Ne&ton meters 1:<> foot pounds3 'a%imum Ran$e.....(8>> meters 1.(,@4.4 *ards3 'a%imum ?ffective Ran$e....9> meters 19:.7 *ards3 2ront Si$!t....Blade( inte$ral &it! slide Rear Si$!t....Notc!ed bar( dovetailed to slide Si$!tin$ Radius.....98 mm 1@.44 inc!es3 Safet* 2eatures....Decoc"in$Bsafet* lever( firin$ pin bloc". =ammer 1!alf-coc"ed notc!3....Crevents accidental disc!ar$e. Basic 6oad....:9 rounds Tri$$er Cull....Sin$le-Action: :.:> pounds Double-Action: .4..4 pounds NOTE$ 2or additional information on tec!nical aspects of t!e ', pistol( see T' ,-.>>9-<.7.>. 2or additional information on tec!nical aspects of t!e '.. pistol( see T' ,-.>>9-<49-.>. WARNING T9# 9,1;-&!&:#- +!)'"'!( &,"&9#) "9# 9,..#* ,(- +*#6#(") '" ;*!. ;'*'(2 '; "9# 9,..#* ') *#1#,)#- @9'1# .,(/,118 &!&:'(2 "9# @#,+!(. I" ') (!" "! 3# /)#- ,) , ),;#"8 +!)'"'!(. T9# +')"!1 @'11 ;'*# ;*!. "9# 9,1;-&!&:#- +!)'"'!( '; "9# "*'22#* ') +/11#-. 1-2. COMPONENTS T!e ma0or components of t!e ', 12i$ure .-<3 and '.. 12i$ure .-:3 pistols are:

a. S1'-# ,(- B,**#1 A))#.318: =ouses t!e firin$ pin( stri"er( and e%tractor. #oc"s t!e !ammer durin$ recoil c*cle. b. R#&!'1 S+*'(2 ,(- R#&!'1 S+*'(2 G/'-#: Absorbs recoil and returns t!e slide assembl* to its for&ard position. c. B,**#1 ,(- L!&:'(2 B1!&: A))#.318: =ouses cartrid$e for firin$( directs pro0ectile( and loc"s barrel in position durin$ firin$. d. R#&#'6#*: Serves as a support for all t!e ma0or components. =ouses action of t!e pistol t!rou$! four ma0or components. #ontrols functionin$ of t!e pistol. e. M,2,?'(#: =olds cartrid$es in place for strippin$ and c!amberin$.

F'2/*# 1-3. M,B!* &!.+!(#("), M9.

F'2/*# 1-0. M,B!* &!.+!(#("), M11. 1-3. AMMUNITION ', and '.. pistols use several different t*pes of ,-mm ammunition. Soldiers s!ould use onl* aut!ori5ed ammunition t!at is manufactured to US and NATO specifications.

a. T8+# ,(- C9,*,&"#*')"'&). T!e specific t*pe ammunition 12i$ure .-93 and its c!aracteristics are as follo&s: 1.3 #artrid$e( ,-mm ball( '884 &it!B&it!out cannelure3. 143 #artrid$e( ,-mm dumm*( ',.7. WARNING D! (!" ;'*# 9#,6'18 &!**!-#- !* -#("#- &,*"*'-2#), &,*"*'-2#) @'"9 1!!)# 3/11#"), !* ,(8 !"9#* *!/(-) -#"#&"#- ,) -#;#&"'6# "9*!/29 6')/,1 '()+#&"'!(.

F'2/*# 1-5. A../('"'!(. b. C,*#, H,(-1'(2, ,(- P*#)#*6,"'!(. 1.3 Crotect ammunition from mud( sand( and &ater. If t!e ammunition $ets &et or dirt*( &ipe it off at once &it! a clean dr* clot!. ;ipe off li$!t corrosion as soon as it is discovered. Turn in !eavil* corroded cartrid$es. 143 Do not e%pose ammunition to t!e direct ra*s of t!e sun. If t!e po&der is !ot( e%cessive pressure ma* develop &!en t!e pistol is fired. 1<3 Do not oil or $rease ammunition. Dust and ot!er abrasives t!at collect on $reas* ammunition ma* cause dama$e to t!e operatin$ parts of t!e pistol. Oiled cartrid$es produce e%cessive c!amber pressure. S#&"'!( II. MAINTENANCE 'aintenance procedures include clearin$( dissemblin$( inspectin$( cleanin$( lubricatin$( assemblin$( and c!ec"in$ t!e functionin$ of t!e ', or '.. pistol. 1-0. CLEARING PROCEDURES T!e first step in maintenance is to clear t!e &eapon. T!is applies in all situations( not 0ust after firin$. Soldiers must al&a*s assume t!e &eapon is loaded. To clear t!e pistol( perform t!e follo&in$ procedures. a. Clace t!e decoc"in$Bsafet* lever in t!e SA2? do&n position. b. =old t!e pistol in t!e raised pistol position. c. Depress t!e ma$a5ine release button and remove t!e ma$a5ine from t!e pistol. d. Cull t!e slide to t!e rear and remove an* c!ambered round. e. Cus! t!e slide stop up( loc"in$ t!e slide to t!e rear.

f. 6oo" into t!e c!amber to ensure t!at it is empt*. 1-5. GENERAL DISASSEMBLE To disassemble t!e pistol( perform t!e follo&in$ procedures. a. Depress t!e slide stop and let t!e slide $o for&ard. b. =old t!e pistol in t!e ri$!t !and &it! t!e mu55le sli$!tl* raised. c. Cress t!e disassembl* lever button &it! t!e forefin$er. d. Rotate t!e disassembl* lever do&n&ard until it stops. e. Cull t!e slide and barrel assembl* for&ard and remove it from t!e receiver. f. #arefull* and li$!tl* compress t!e recoil sprin$ and sprin$ $uide. At t!e same time( lift up and remove t!em. $. Separate t!e recoil sprin$ from t!e sprin$ $uide. !. Cus! in on t!e loc"in$ bloc" plun$er &!ile pus!in$ t!e barrel for&ard sli$!tl*. i. 6ift and remove t!e loc"in$ bloc" and barrel assembl* from t!e slide. 1-4. INSPECTION Inspection be$ins &it! t!e pistol disassembled in its ma0or components. S!in* surfaces do not mean t!e parts are unserviceable. Inspect all surfaces for visible dama$e( crac"s( burrs( and c!ips. 1-5. CLEANING, LUBRICATION, AND PRE<ENTI<E MAINTENANCE T!e ', or '.. pistol s!ould be disassembled into its ma0or components and cleaned immediatel* after firin$. All metal components and surfaces t!at !ave been e%posed to po&der foulin$ s!ould be cleaned usin$ #6C on a bore-cleanin$ patc!. T!e same procedure is used to clean t!e receiver. After it !as been cleaned and &iped dr*( a t!in coat of #6C is applied b* rubbin$ &it! a clot!. T!is lubricates and preserves t!e e%posed metal parts durin$ all normal temperature ran$es. ;!en not in use( t!e pistol s!ould be inspected &ee"l* and cleaned and lubricated &!en necessar*. CAUTION ;!en usin$ #6C( do not use an* ot!er t*pe cleaner. Never mi% #6C &it! RB# or 6SA. a. #lear and disassemble t!e &eapon. b. ;ipe or brus! dirt( dust( and carbon buildup from t!e disassembled pistol. c. Use #6C to !elp remove carbon buildup and stubborn dirt and $rime. d. Ca* particular attention to t!e bolt face( $uide rails on t!e receiver( $rooves on t!e slide( and ot!er !ard-to-reac! areas. NOTE$ Do not use mineral spirits( paint t!inner( or dr* cleanin$ solvent to clean t!e pistol. Use onl* issued lubricants and cleaners( suc! as #6C or 6SA. e. #lean t!e bore and c!amber usin$ #6C and fres! s&abs. f. 6ubricate t!e pistol b* coverin$ all surfaces includin$ t!e bore and c!amber &it! a li$!t coat of #6C. In e%tremel* !ot or cold &eat!er( refer to t!e tec!nical manual for lubricatin$ procedures and materials.

1-7. GENERAL ASSEMBLY To assemble t!e ', or '.. pistol( simpl* reverse t!e procedures used to disassemble t!e pistol. a. Drasp t!e slide &it! t!e bottom facin$ up. b. ;it! t!e ot!er !and( $rasp t!e barrel assembl* &it! t!e loc"in$ bloc" facin$ up. c. Insert t!e mu55le into t!e for&ard end of t!e slide and( at t!e same time( lo&er t!e rear of t!e barrel assembl* b* ali$nin$ t!e e%tractor cutout &it! t!e e%tractor. NOTE$ T!e loc"in$ bloc" &ill fall into t!e loc"ed position in t!e slide. d. Insert t!e recoil sprin$ onto t!e recoil sprin$ $uide. CAUTION 'aintain sprin$ tension until t!e sprin$ $uide is full* seated in t!e cuta&a* on t!e loc"in$ bloc". e. Insert t!e end of t!e recoil sprin$ and t!e recoil sprin$ $uide into t!e recoil sprin$ !ousin$. At t!e same time( compress t!e recoil sprin$ $uide until it is full* seated on t!e loc"in$ bloc" cuta&a*. CAUTION Do not pull t!e tri$$er &!ile placin$ t!e slide on t!e receiver. f. ?nsure t!at t!e !ammer is unloc"ed( t!e firin$ pin bloc" is in t!e DO;N position( and t!e decoc"in$Bsafet* lever is in t!e SA2? position. $. Drasp t!e slide and barrel assembl* &it! t!e si$!ts UC( and ali$n t!e slide on t!e receiver assembl* $uide rails. !. Cus! until t!e rear of t!e slide is a s!ort distance be*ond t!e rear of t!e receiver assembl* and !old. At t!e same time( rotate t!e disassembl* latc! lever up&ard. A clic" indicates a positive loc". 1-9. FUNCTION CHEC= Al&a*s perform a function c!ec" after t!e pistol is reassembled to ensure it is &or"in$ properl*. To perform a function c!ec": a. #lear t!e pistol in accordance &it! t!e unloadin$ procedures. b. Depress t!e slide stop( lettin$ t!e slide $o for&ard. c. Insert an empt* ma$a5ine into t!e pistol. d. Retract t!e slide full* and release it. T!e slide s!ould loc" to t!e rear. e. Depress t!e ma$a5ine release button and remove t!e ma$a5ine. f. ?nsure t!e decoc"in$Bsafet* lever is in t!e SA2? position. $. Depress t!e slide stop. ;!en t!e slide $oes for&ard( t!e !ammer s!ould fall to t!e for&ard position. !. S/uee5e and release t!e tri$$er. T!e firin$ pin bloc" s!ould move up and do&n and t!e !ammer s!ould not move. i. Clace t!e decoc"in$Bsafet* lever in t!e fire COSITION. 0. S/uee5e t!e tri$$er to c!ec" double action. T!e !ammer s!ould coc" and fall. ". S/uee5e t!e tri$$er a$ain. =old it to t!e rear. 'anuall* retract and release t!e slide. Release t!e tri$$er. A clic" s!ould be !eard and t!e !ammer s!ould not fall. l. S/uee5e t!e tri$$er to c!ec" t!e sin$le action. T!e !ammer s!ould fall.

S#&"'!( III. OPERATION AND FUNCTION T!is section provides detailed information on t!e functionin$ of ', and '.. pistols. 1-1 . OPERATION ;it! t!e &eapon loaded and t!e !ammer coc"ed( t!e s!ot is disc!ar$ed b* pullin$ t!e tri$$er. a. Tri$$er movement is transmitted b* t!e tri$$er bar( &!ic! dra&s t!e sear out of re$ister &it! t!e full-coc" !ammer notc! via t!e safet* lever. ;it! a sli$!t timin$ la$( t!e safet* lever also cams t!e safet* loc" up&ard to free t!e firin$ pin immediatel* before t!e !ammer drops. T!e !ammer forces t!e firin$ pin for&ard to stri"e and detonate t!e cartrid$e primer. b. Blo&bac" reaction $enerated b* t!e e%plodin$ c!ar$e t!rusts t!e loc"ed barrelBslide s*stem rear&ard a$ainst t!e recoil sprin$. After recoilin$ about < mm 1.B8)3( t!e barrel and slide unloc"( allo&in$ t!e barrel to tilt do&n into t!e loc"ed position. T!e slide continues rear&ard until it abuts a$ainst t!e receiver stop. c. Durin$ slide recoil( t!e !ammer is coc"ed; t!e spent case is e%tracted and e0ected as it stri"es t!e e0ector. In t!e initial recoil p!ase( t!e safet* lever and safet* loc" separate( automaticall* renderin$ t!e firin$ pin safet* loc" effective a$ain. As recoil continues( t!e slide depresses t!e tri$$er bar( disconnectin$ it from t!e safet* lever. Sear sprin$ pressure returns t!e sear and safet* lever to t!eir initial positions. d. After contactin$ t!e receiver stop( t!e slide is t!rust for&ard b* t!e compressed recoil sprin$( strippin$ a round from t!e ma$a5ine and c!amberin$ it on t!e &a*. Eust before reac!in$ t!e for&ard end position( t!e slide a$ain loc"s up &it! t!e barrel. T!e complete s*stem is t!en t!rust full* into t!e for&ard batter* position b* recoil sprin$ pressure. Releasin$ t!e tri$$er allo&s t!e tri$$er bar and safet* lever to re-en$a$e. e. T!e &eapon is no& coc"ed and read* to fire. After firin$ t!e last s!ot( t!e slide is loc"ed in t!e rearmost position b* t!e slide catc! lever. T!is catc! is actuated positivel* b* t!e ma$a5ine follo&er( &!ic! is raised b* ma$a5ine sprin$ pressure. 1-11. LOADING To load t!e pistol-F =old t!e pistol in t!e raised pistol position. F Insert t!e ma$a5ine into t!e pistol. F Cull t!e slide to t!e rear and release t!e slide to c!amber a round. F Cus! t!e decoc"in$Bsafet* lever to t!e SA2? position. a. Al&a*s ma"e sure t!e mu55le is pointin$ in a safe direction( &it! t!e fin$er off t!e tri$$er.

b. Never attempt to load or unload an* firearm inside a ve!icle( buildin$( or ot!er confined space 1e%cept a properl* constructed s!ootin$ ran$e or bullet trap3. ?nclosed areas fre/uentl* offer no completel* safe direction in &!ic! to point t!e firearm; if an accidental disc!ar$e occurs( t!ere is $reat ris" of in0ur* or propert* dama$e. c. Before loadin$( al&a*s clean e%cess $rease and oil from t!e bore and c!amber( and ensure t!at no obstruction is in t!e barrel. An* forei$n matter in t!e barrel could result in a bul$ed or burst barrel or ot!er dama$e to t!e firearm and could cause serious in0ur* to t!e s!ooter or to ot!ers. 1-12. UNLOADING AND CLEARING To unload and clear t!e pistol-F =old t!e pistol in t!e raised pistol position. F Depress t!e ma$a5ine release button and remove t!e ma$a5ine. F Cull t!e slide to t!e rear and loc" it in its rear&ard position b* pus!in$ up on t!e slide stop. F Coint t!e pistol s"*&ard and loo" into t!e c!amber to ensure it is clear. F 6et t!e slide $o for&ard and pull t!e tri$$er to release t!e sprin$ tension. a. Cerform t!is tas" in an area desi$nated for t!is process. b. Geep *our fin$er off t!e tri$$er( and al&a*s ma"e sure t!e mu55le is pointed in a safe direction. c. Remember to clear t!e c!amber after removin$ t!e ma$a5ine. d. Never assume t!at a pistol is unloaded until *ou !ave personall* c!ec"ed it bot! visuall* and p!*sicall*. e. After ever* s!ootin$ practice( ma"e a final c!ec" to be certain t!e firearm is unloaded before leavin$ t!e ran$e. 1-13. CYCLE OF OPERATION ?ac! time a cartrid$e is fired( t!e parts inside t!e &eapon function in a $iven order. T!is is "no&n as t!e functionin$ c*cle or c*cle of operation. T!e c*cle of operation of t!e &eapon is divided into ei$!t steps: feedin$( c!amberin$( loc"in$( firin$( unloc"in$( e%tractin$( e0ectin$( and coc"in$. T!e steps are listed in t!e order in &!ic! functionin$ occurs; !o&ever( more t!an one step ma* occur at t!e same time. a. A ma$a5ine containin$ ammunition is placed in t!e receiver. T!e slide is pulled full* to t!e rear and released. As t!e slide moves for&ard( it strips t!e top round from t!e ma$a5ine and pus!es it into t!e c!amber. T!e !ammer remains in t!e coc"ed position( and t!e &eapon is read* to fire. b. T!e &eapon fires one round eac! time t!e tri$$er is pulled. ?ac! time a cartrid$e is fired(

t!e slide and barrel recoil or move a s!ort distance loc"ed to$et!er. T!is permits t!e bullet and e%pandin$ po&der $ases to escape from t!e mu55le before t!e unloc"in$ is completed. c. T!e barrel t!en unloc"s from t!e slide and continues to t!e rear( e%tractin$ t!e cartrid$e case from t!e c!amber and e0ectin$ it from t!e &eapon. Durin$ t!is rear&ard movement( t!e ma$a5ine feeds anot!er cartrid$e( t!e recoil sprin$ is compressed( and t!e !ammer is coc"ed. d. At t!e end of t!e rear&ard movement( t!e recoil sprin$ e%pands( forcin$ t!e slide for&ard( loc"in$ t!e barrel and slide to$et!er. T!e &eapon is read* to fire a$ain. T!e same c*cle of operation continues until t!e ammunition is e%pended. e. As t!e last round is fired( t!e ma$a5ine sprin$ e%erts up&ard pressure on t!e ma$a5ine follo&er. T!e stop on t!e follo&er stri"es t!e slide stop( forcin$ it into t!e recess on t!e bottom of t!e slide and loc"in$ t!e slide to t!e rear. T!is action indicates t!at t!e ma$a5ine is empt* and aids in faster reloadin$. S#&"'!( I<. PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS Cossible performance problems of ', and '.. pistols are slu$$is! operation and stoppa$es. T!is section discusses immediate and remedial action to correct suc! problems. 1-10. MALFUNTIONST!e follo&in$ malfunctions ma* occur to t!e ', and '.. pistols. Ta"e t!ese corrective actions to correct an* problems t!at ma* occur. a. S1/22')9 O+#*,"'!(. Slu$$is! operation is usuall* due to e%cessive friction caused b* carbon build up( lac" of lubrication( or burred parts. #orrective action includes cleanin$( lubricatin$( inspectin$( and replacin$ parts as necessar*. b. S"!++,2#). A stoppa$e is an interruption in t!e c*cle of operation caused b* fault* action of t!e pistol or fault* ammunition. T*pes of stoppa$es are: F 2ailure to feed. F 2ailure to c!amber. F 2ailure to loc". F 2ailure to fire. F 2ailure to unloc". F 2ailure to e%tract. F 2ailure to e0ect. F 2ailure to coc". 1-15. IMMEDIATE ACTION

Immediate action is t!e action ta"en to reduce a stoppa$e &it!out loo"in$ for t!e cause. Immediate action is ta"en &it!in .9 seconds of a stoppa$e. a. ?nsure t!e decoc"in$Bsafet* lever is in t!e 2IR? position. b. S/uee5e t!e tri$$er a$ain. c. If t!e pistol does not fire( ensure t!at t!e ma$a5ine is full* seated( retract t!e slide to t!e rear( and release. d. S/uee5e t!e tri$$er. e. If t!e pistol a$ain does not fire( remove t!e ma$a5ine and retract t!e slide to e0ect t!e c!ambered cartrid$e. Insert a ne& ma$a5ine( retract t!e slide( and release to c!amber anot!er cartrid$e. f. S/uee5e t!e tri$$er. $. If t!e pistol still does not fire( perform remedial action. 1-14. REMEDIAL ACTION Remedial action is t!e action ta"en to reduce a stoppa$e b* loo"in$ for t!e cause. a. #lear t!e pistol. b. Inspect t!e pistol for t!e cause of t!e stoppa$e. c. #orrect t!e cause of t!e stoppa$e( load t!e pistol( and fire. d. If t!e pistol a$ain fails to fire( disassemble it for closer inspection( cleanin$( and lubrication.

CHAPTER 2 PISTOL MAR=SMANSHIP TRAINING

Marksmanship training is divided into two phases: preparatory marksmanship training and range firing. ach phase may be divided into separate instructional steps. !ll marksmanship training must be progressive. "ombat marksmanship techniques should be practiced after the basics have been mastered. S#&"'!( I. BASIC MAR=SMANSHIP T!e main use of t!e pistol is to en$a$e an enem* at close ran$e &it! /uic"( accurate fire. Accurate s!ootin$ results from "no&in$ and correctl* appl*in$ t!e elements of mar"smans!ip. T!e elements of combat pistol mar"smans!ip are: F Drip. F Aimin$. F Breat! control. F Tri$$er s/uee5e. F Tar$et en$a$ement.

F Cositions. 2-1. GRIP A proper $rip is one of t!e most important fundamentals of /uic" fire. T!e &eapon must become an e%tension of t!e !and and arm; it s!ould replace t!e fin$er in pointin$ at an ob0ect. T!e firer must appl* a firm( uniform $rip to t!e &eapon. a. O(#-H,(- G*'+. =old t!e &eapon in t!e nonfirin$ !and; form a A &it! t!e t!umb and forefin$er of t!e stron$ !and 1firin$ !and3. Clace t!e &eapon in t!e A &it! t!e front and rear si$!ts in line &it! t!e firin$ arm. ;rap t!e lo&er t!ree fin$ers around t!e pistol $rip( puttin$ e/ual pressure &it! all t!ree fin$ers to t!e rear. Allo& t!e t!umb of t!e firin$ !and to rest alon$side t!e &eapon &it!out pressure 12i$ure 4-.3. Drip t!e &eapon ti$!tl* until t!e !and be$ins to tremble; rela% until t!e tremblin$ stops. At t!is point( t!e necessar* pressure for a proper $rip !as been applied. Clace t!e tri$$er fin$er on t!e tri$$er bet&een t!e tip and second 0oint so t!at it can be s/uee5ed to t!e rear. T!e tri$$er fin$er must &or" independentl* of t!e remainin$ fin$ers. NOTE$ If an* of t!e t!ree fin$ers on t!e $rip are rela%ed( t!e $rip must be reapplied.

F'2/*# 2-1. O(#-9,(- 2*'+. b. T@!-H,(- G*'+. T!e t&o-!and $rip allo&s t!e firer to stead* t!e firin$ !and and provide ma%imum support durin$ firin$. T!e nonfirin$ !and becomes a support mec!anism for t!e firin$ !and b* &rappin$ t!e fin$ers of t!e nonfirin$ !and around t!e firin$ !and. T&o-!and $rips are recommended for all pistol firin$. WARNING D! (!" +1,&# "9# (!(;'*'(2 "9/.3 '( "9# *#,* !; "9# @#,+!(. T9# *#&!'1 /+!( ;'*'(2 &!/1- *#)/1" '( +#*)!(,1 '(B/*8. 1.3 Fist Grip. Drip t!e &eapon as &it! t!e one-!and $rip. 2irml* close t!e fin$ers of t!e nonfirin$ !and over t!e fin$ers of t!e firin$ !and( ensurin$ t!at t!e inde% fin$er from t!e nonfirin$ !and is bet&een t!e middle fin$er of t!e firin$ !and and t!e tri$$er $uard. Clace t!e nonfirin$ t!umb alon$side t!e firin$ t!umb 12i$ure 4-43. NOTE$ Dependin$ upon t!e individual firer( !e ma* c!ose to place t!e inde% fin$er of !is

nonfirin$ !and on t!e front of t!e tri$$er $uard since ', and '.. pistols !ave a recurved tri$$er $uard desi$ned for t!is purpose.

F'2/*# 2-2. F')" 2*'+. 143 Palm-Supported Grip. T!is $rip is commonl* called t!e cup and saucer $rip. Drip t!e firin$ !and as &it! t!e one-!and $rip. Clace t!e nonfirin$ !and under t!e firin$ !and( &rappin$ t!e nonfirin$ fin$ers around t!e bac" of t!e firin$ !and. Clace t!e nonfirin$ t!umb over t!e middle fin$er of t!e firin$ !and 12i$ure 4-<3.

F'2/*# 2-3. P,1.-)/++!*"#- 2*'+. 1<3 Weaver grip. Appl* t!is $rip t!e same as t!e fist $rip. T!e onl* e%ception is t!at t!e nonfirin$ t!umb is &rapped over t!e firin$ t!umb 12i$ure 4-:3.

F'2/*# 2-0. W#,6#* 2*'+.

c. I)!.#"*'& T#()'!(. T!e firer raises !is arms to a firin$ position and applies isometric tension. T!is is commonl* "no&n as t!e pus!-pull met!od for maintainin$ &eapon stabilit*. Isometric tension is &!en t!e firer applies for&ard pressure &it! t!e firin$ !and and pulls rear&ard &it! t!e nonfirin$ !and &it! e/ual pressure. T!is creates an isometric force but never so muc! to cause t!e firer to tremble. T!is steadies t!e &eapon and reduces barrel rise from recoil. T!e supportin$ arm is bent &it! t!e elbo& pulled do&n&ard. T!e firin$ arm is full* e%tended &it! t!e elbo& and &rist loc"ed. T!e firer must e%periment to find t!e ri$!t amount of isometric tension to appl*. NOTE$ T!e firin$ !and s!ould e%ert t!e same pressure as t!e nonfirin$ !and. If it does not( a missed tar$et could result. d. N,"/*,1 P!'(" !; A'.. T!e firer s!ould c!ec" !is $rip for use of !is natural point of aim. =e $rips t!e &eapon and si$!ts properl* on a distant tar$et. ;!ile maintainin$ !is $rip and stance( !e closes !is e*es for t!ree to five seconds. =e t!en opens !is e*es and c!ec"s for proper si$!t picture. If t!e point of aim is disturbed( t!e firer ad0usts !is stance to compensate. If t!e si$!t ali$nment is disturbed( t!e firer ad0usts !is $rip to compensate b* removin$ t!e &eapon from !is !and and reappl*in$ t!e $rip. T!e firer repeats t!is process until t!e si$!t ali$nment and si$!t placement remain almost t!e same &!en !e opens !is e*es. ;it! sufficient practice( t!is enables t!e firer to determine and use !is natural point of aim( &!ic! is t!e most rela%ed position for !oldin$ and firin$ t!e &eapon. 2-2. AIMING Aimin$ is si$!t ali$nment and si$!t placement 12i$ure 4-93. a. Si$!t ali$nment is t!e centerin$ of t!e front blade in t!e rear si$!t notc!. T!e top of t!e front si$!t is level &it! t!e top of t!e rear si$!t and is in correct ali$nment &it! t!e e*e. 2or correct si$!t ali$nment( t!e firer must center t!e front si$!t in t!e rear si$!t. =e raises or lo&ers t!e top of t!e front si$!t so it is level &it! t!e top of t!e rear si$!t. Si$!t ali$nment is essential for accurac* because of t!e s!ort si$!t radius of t!e pistol. 2or e%ample( if a .B.>inc! error is made in ali$nin$ t!e front si$!t in t!e rear si$!t( t!e firerHs bullet &ill miss t!e point of aim b* about .9 inc!es at a ran$e of 49 meters. T!e .B.>-inc! error in si$!t ali$nment ma$nifies as t!e ran$e increases--at 49 meters( it is ma$nified .9> times. b. Si$!t placement is t!e positionin$ of t!e &eaponHs si$!ts in relation to t!e tar$et as seen b* t!e firer &!en !e aims t!e &eapon 12i$ure 4-93. A correct si$!t picture consists of correct si$!t ali$nment &it! t!e front si$!t placed center mass of t!e tar$et. T!e e*e can focus on onl* one ob0ect at a time at different distances. T!erefore( t!e last focus of t!e e*e is al&a*s on t!e front si$!t. ;!en t!e front si$!t is seen clearl*( t!e rear si$!t and tar$et &ill appear !a5*. T!e firer can maintain correct si$!t ali$nment onl* t!rou$! focusin$ on t!e front si$!t. =is bullet &ill !it t!e tar$et even if t!e si$!t picture is partl* off center but still remains on t!e tar$et. T!erefore( si$!t ali$nment is more important t!an si$!t placement. Since it is impossible to !old t!e &eapon completel* still( t!e firer must appl* tri$$er s/uee5e and maintain correct si$!t ali$nment &!ile t!e &eapon is movin$ in and around t!e center of t!e tar$et. T!is natural movement of t!e &eapon is referred to as &obble area. T!e firer must strive to control t!e limits of t!e &obble area t!rou$! proper $rip( breat! control( tri$$er s/uee5e( and positionin$.

F'2/*# 2-5. C!**#&" )'29" ,1'2(.#(" ,(- )'29" +'&"/*#. c. 2ocusin$ on t!e front si$!t &!ile appl*in$ proper tri$$er s/uee5e &ill !elp t!e firer resist t!e ur$e to 0er" t!e tri$$er and anticipate t!e moment t!e &eapon &ill fire. 'aster* of tri$$er s/uee5e and si$!t ali$nment re/uires practice. Trainers s!ould use concurrent trainin$ stations or !ave fire ran$es to en!ance proficienc* of mar"smans!ip s"ills. 2-3. BREATH CONTROL To attain accurac*( t!e firer must learn to !old !is breat! properl* at an* time durin$ t!e breat!in$ c*cle. T!is must be done &!ile aimin$ and s/uee5in$ t!e tri$$er. ;!ile t!e procedure is simple( it re/uires e%planation( demonstration( and supervised practice. To !old !is breat! properl*( t!e firer ta"es a breat!( lets it out( t!en in!ales normall*( lets a little out until comfortable( !olds( and t!en fires. It is difficult to maintain a stead* position "eepin$ t!e front si$!t at a precise aimin$ point &!ile breat!in$. T!erefore( t!e firer s!ould be tau$!t to in!ale( t!en e%!ale normall*( and !old !is breat! at t!e moment of t!e natural respirator* pause 12i$ure 4-@3. Breat! control( firin$ at a sin$le tar$et.3 T!e s!ot must t!en be fired before !e feels an* discomfort from not breat!in$. ;!en multiple tar$ets are presented( t!e firer must learn to !old !is breat! at an* part of t!e breat!in$ c*cle 12i$ure 4-73. Breat! control must be practiced durin$ dr*-fire e%ercises until it becomes a natural part of t!e firin$ process.

F'2/*# 2-4. B*#,"9 &!("*!1, ;'*'(2 ," , )'(21# ",*2#".

F'2/*# 2-5. B*#,"9 &!("*!1, ;'*'(2 ," "'.#- !* ./1"'+1# ",*2#"). 2-0. TRIGGER SQUEECE

Improper tri$$er s/uee5e causes more misses t!an an* ot!er step of preparator* mar"smans!ip. Coor s!ootin$ is caused b* t!e aim bein$ disturbed before t!e bullet leaves t!e barrel of t!e &eapon. T!is is usuall* t!e result of t!e firer 0er"in$ t!e tri$$er or flinc!in$. A sli$!t off-center pressure of t!e tri$$er fin$er on t!e tri$$er can cause t!e &eapon to move and disturb t!e firerHs si$!t ali$nment. 2linc!in$ is an automatic !uman refle% caused b* anticipatin$ t!e recoil of t!e &eapon. Eer"in$ is an effort to fire t!e &eapon at t!e precise time t!e si$!ts ali$n &it! t!e tar$et. 2or more on problems in tar$et en$a$ement( see para$rap! 4-9. a. Tri$$er s/uee5e is t!e independent movement of t!e tri$$er fin$er in appl*in$ increasin$ pressure on t!e tri$$er strai$!t to t!e rear( &it!out disturbin$ t!e si$!t ali$nment until t!e &eapon fires. T!e tri$$er slac"( or free pla*( is ta"en up first( and t!e s/uee5e is continued steadil* until t!e !ammer falls. If t!e tri$$er is s/uee5ed properl*( t!e firer &ill not "no& e%actl* &!en t!e !ammer &ill fall; t!us( !e &ill not tend to flinc! or !eel( resultin$ in a bad s!ot. Novice firers must be trained to overcome t!e ur$e to anticipate recoil. Croper application of t!e fundamentals &ill lo&er t!is tendenc*. b. To appl* correct tri$$er s/uee5e( t!e tri$$er fin$er s!ould contact t!e tri$$er bet&een t!e tip of t!e fin$er and t!e second 0oint 1&it!out touc!in$ t!e &eapon an*&!ere else3. ;!ere contact is made depends on t!e len$t! of t!e firerHs tri$$er fin$er. If pressure from t!e tri$$er fin$er is applied to t!e ri$!t side of t!e tri$$er or &eapon( t!e stri"e of t!e bullet &ill be to t!e left. T!is is due to t!e normal !in$e action of t!e fin$ers. ;!en t!e fin$ers on t!e ri$!t !and are closed( as in $rippin$( t!e* !in$e or pivot to t!e left( t!ereb* appl*in$ pressure to t!e left 1&it! left-!anded firers( t!is action is to t!e ri$!t3. T!e firer must not appl* pressure left or ri$!t but s!ould increase fin$er pressure strai$!t to t!e rear. Onl* t!e tri$$er fin$er s!ould perform t!is action. Dr*-fire trainin$ improves a firerHs abilit* to move t!e tri$$er fin$er strai$!t to t!e rear &it!out crampin$ or increasin$ pressure on t!e !and $rip. c. 2ollo&-t!rou$! is t!e continued effort of t!e firer to maintain si$!t ali$nment before( durin$( and after t!e round !as fired. T!e firer must continue t!e rear&ard movement of t!e fin$er even after t!e round !as been fired. Releasin$ t!e tri$$er too soon after t!e round !as been fired results in an uncontrolled s!ot( causin$ a missed tar$et. 1.3 T!e firer &!o is a $ood s!ot !olds t!e si$!ts of t!e &eapon as nearl* on t!e tar$et center as possible and continues to s/uee5e t!e tri$$er &it! increasin$ pressure until t!e &eapon fires. 143 T!e soldier &!o is a bad s!ot tries to )catc! !is tar$et) as !is si$!t ali$nment moves past t!e tar$et and fires t!e &eapon at t!at instant. T!is is called ambus!in$( &!ic! causes tri$$er 0er". NOTE$ T!e tri$$er s/uee5e of t!e pistol( &!en fired in t!e sin$le-action mode( is 9.9> pounds; &!en fired in double-action mode( it is .4.<< pounds. T!e firer must be a&are of t!e mode in &!ic! !e is firin$. =e must also practice s/uee5in$ t!e tri$$er in eac! mode to develop e%pertise in bot! sin$le-action and doubleaction tar$et en$a$ements. 2-5. TARGET ENGAGEMENT

To en$a$e a sin$le tar$et( t!e firer applies t!e met!od discussed in para$rap! 4-:. ;!en en$a$in$ multiple tar$ets in combat( !e en$a$es t!e closest and most dan$erous multiple tar$et first and fires at it &it! t&o rounds. T!is is called controlled pairs. T!e firer t!en traverses and ac/uires t!e ne%t tar$et( ali$ns t!e si$!ts in t!e center of mass( focuses on t!e front si$!t( applies tri$$er s/uee5e( and fires. =e ensures !is firin$ arm elbo& and &rist are loc"ed durin$ all en$a$ements. If !e !as missed t!e first tar$et and !as fired upon t!e second tar$et( !e s!ifts bac" to t!e first and en$a$es it. Some problems in tar$et en$a$ement are as follo&s: a. R#&!'1 A("'&'+,"'!(. ;!en a soldier first learns to s!oot( !e ma* be$in to anticipate recoil. T!is reaction ma* cause !im to ti$!ten !is muscles durin$ or 0ust before t!e !ammer falls. =e ma* fi$!t t!e recoil b* pus!in$ t!e &eapon do&n&ard in anticipatin$ or reactin$ to its firin$. In eit!er case( t!e rounds &ill not !it t!e point of aim. A $ood met!od to s!o& t!e firer t!at !e is anticipatin$ t!e recoil is t!e ball-and-dumm* met!od 1see para$rap! 4-.:3. b. T*'22#* J#*:. Tri$$er 0er" occurs &!en t!e soldier sees t!at !e !as ac/uired a $ood si$!t picture at center mass and )snaps) off a round before t!e $ood si$!t picture is lost. T!is ma* become a problem( especiall* &!en t!e soldier is learnin$ to use a flas! si$!t picture 1see para$rap! 4-7b3. c. H##1'(2. =eelin$ is caused b* a firer ti$!tenin$ t!e lar$e muscle in t!e !eel of t!e !and to "eep from 0er"in$ t!e tri$$er. A firer &!o !as !ad problems &it! 0er"in$ t!e tri$$er tries to correct t!e fault b* ti$!tenin$ t!e bottom of t!e !and( &!ic! results in a !eeled s!ot. =eelin$ causes t!e stri"e of t!e bullet to !it !i$! on t!e firin$ !and side of t!e tar$et. T!e firer can correct s!ootin$ errors b* "no&in$ and appl*in$ correct tri$$er s/uee5e. 2-4. POSITIONS T!e /ualification course is fired from a standin$( "neelin$( or crouc! position. Durin$ /ualification and combat firin$( soldiers must practice all of t!e firin$ positions described belo& so t!e* become natural movements. T!ou$! t!ese positions seem natural( practice sessions must be conducted to ensure t!e !abitual attainment of correct firin$ positions. Cractice in assumin$ correct firin$ positions ensures t!at soldiers can /uic"l* assume t!ese positions &it!out a conscious effort. Cistol mar"smans!ip re/uires a soldier to rapidl* appl* all t!e fundamentals at dan$erousl* close tar$ets &!ile under stress. Assumin$ a proper position to allo& for a stead* aim is critical to survival. NOTE$ Durin$ combat( t!ere ma* not be time for a soldier to assume a position t!at &ill allo& !im to establis! !is natural point of aim. 2irin$ from a covered position ma* re/uire t!e soldier to adapt !is s!ootin$ stance to available cover. a. P')"!1-R#,-8 P!)'"'!(. In t!e pistol-read* position( !old t!e &eapon in t!e one!and $rip. =old t!e upper arm close to t!e bod* and t!e forearm at about a :9-de$ree an$le. Coint t!e &eapon to&ard tar$et center as *ou move for&ard 12i$ure 4-83.

F'2/*# 2-7. P')"!1-*#,-8 +!)'"'!(. b. S",(-'(2 P!)'"'!( @'"9!/" S/++!*". 2ace t!e tar$et 12i$ure 4-,3. Clace feet a comfortable distance apart( about s!oulder &idt!. ?%tend t!e firin$ arm and attain a t&o!and $rip. T!e &rist and elbo& of t!e firin$ arm are loc"ed and pointed to&ard tar$et center. Geep t!e bod* strai$!t &it! t!e s!oulders sli$!tl* for&ard of t!e buttoc"s.

F'2/*# 2-9. S",(-'(2 +!)'"'!( @'"9!/" )/++!*". c. =(##1'(2 P!)'"'!(. In t!e "neelin$ position( $round onl* *our firin$-side "nee as t!e main support 12i$ure 4-.>3. Aerticall* place *our firin$-side foot( used as t!e main support( under *our buttoc"s. Rest *our bod* &ei$!t on t!e !eel and toes. Rest *our nonfirin$ arm 0ust above t!e elbo& on t!e "nee not used as t!e main bod* support. Use t!e t&o-!anded $rip for firin$. ?%tend t!e firin$ arm( and loc" t!e firin$-arm elbo& and &rist to ensure solid arm control.

F'2/*# 2-1 . =(##1'(2 +!)'"'!(. d. C*!/&9 P!)'"'!(. Use t!e crouc! position &!en surprise tar$ets are en$a$ed at close ran$e 12i$ure 4-..3. Clace t!e bod* in a for&ard crouc! 1bo%erHs stance3 &it! t!e "nees bent sli$!tl* and trun" bent for&ard from t!e !ips to $ive faster recover* from recoil. Clace t!e feet naturall* in a position t!at allo&s anot!er step to&ard t!e tar$et. ?%tend t!e &eapon strai$!t to&ard t!e tar$et( and loc" t!e &rist and elbo& of t!e firin$ arm. It is important to consistentl* train &it! t!is position( since t!e bod* &ill automaticall* crouc! under conditions of stress suc! as combat. It is also a faster position from &!ic! to c!an$e direction of fire.

F'2/*# 2-11. C*!/&9 +!)'"'!(. e. P*!(# P!)'"'!(. 6ie flat on t!e $round( facin$ t!e tar$et 12i$ure 4-.43. ?%tend *our arms in front &it! t!e firin$ arm loc"ed. 1Iour arms ma* !ave to be sli$!tl* unloc"ed for firin$ at !i$! tar$ets.3 Rest t!e butt of t!e &eapon on t!e $round for sin$le( &ell-aimed s!ots. ;rap t!e fin$ers of t!e nonfirin$ !and around t!e fin$ers of t!e firin$ !and. 2ace for&ard. Geep *our !ead do&n bet&een *our arms and be!ind t!e &eapon as muc! as possible.

F'2/*# 2-12. P*!(# +!)'"'!(. f. S",(-'(2 P!)'"'!( @'"9 S/++!*". Use available cover for support--for e%ample( a tree or &all to stand be!ind 12i$ure 4-.<3. Stand be!ind a barricade &it! t!e firin$ side on line &it! t!e ed$e of t!e barricade. Clace t!e "nuc"les of t!e nonfirin$ fist at e*e level a$ainst t!e ed$e of t!e barricade. 6oc" t!e elbo& and &rist of t!e firin$ arm. 'ove t!e foot on t!e nonfirin$ side for&ard until t!e toe of t!e boot touc!es t!e bottom of t!e barricade.

F'2/*# 2-13. S",(-'(2 +!)'"'!( @'"9 )/++!*". $. =(##1'(2 S/++!*"#- P!)'"'!(. Use available cover for support--for e%ample( use a lo& &all( roc"s( or ve!icle 12i$ure 4-.:3. Clace *our firin$-side "nee on t!e $round. Bend t!e ot!er "nee and place t!e foot 1nonfirin$ side3 flat on t!e $round( pointin$ to&ard t!e tar$et. ?%tend arms alon$side and brace t!em a$ainst available cover. 6oc" t!e &rist and elbo& of *our firin$ arm. Clace t!e nonfirin$ !and around t!e fist to support t!e firin$ arm. Rest t!e nonfirin$ arm 0ust above t!e elbo& on t!e nonfirin$-side "nee.

F'2/*# 2-10. =(##1'(2 )/++!*"#-.

S#&"'!( II. COMBAT MAR=SMANSHIP After a soldier becomes proficient in t!e fundamentals of mar"smans!ip( !e pro$resses to advanced tec!ni/ues of combat mar"smans!ip. T!e main use of t!e pistol is to en$a$e t!e enem* at close ran$e &it! /uic"( accurate fire. In s!ootin$ encounters( it is not t!e first round fired t!at &ins t!e en$a$ement( but t!e first accuratel* fired round. T!e soldier s!ould use !is si$!ts &!en en$a$in$ t!e enem* unless t!is &ould place t!e &eapon &it!in armHs reac! of t!e enem*. 2-5. TECHNIQUES OF FIRING 2irin$ tec!ni/ues include t!e use of !and-and-e*e coordination( flas! si$!t picture( /uic"-fire point s!ootin$( and /uic"-fire si$!tin$. a. H,(--,(--E8# C!!*-'(,"'!(. =and-and-e*e coordination is not a natural( instinctive abilit* for all soldiers. It is usuall* a learned s"ill obtained b* practicin$ t!e use of a flas! si$!t picture 1see para$rap! b belo&3. T!e more a soldier practices raisin$ t!e &eapon to e*e level and obtainin$ a flas! si$!t picture( t!e more natural t!e relations!ip bet&een soldier( si$!ts( and tar$et becomes. ?ventuall*( proficienc* elevates to a point so t!at t!e soldier can accuratel* en$a$e tar$ets in t!e dar". ?ac! soldier must be a&are of t!is trait and learn !o& to use it best. Coorl* coordinated soldiers can ac!ieve proficienc* t!rou$! close supervision from t!eir trainers. ?ver*one !as t!e abilit* to point at an ob0ect. Since pointin$ t!e forefin$er at an ob0ect and e%tendin$ t!e &eapon to&ard a tar$et are muc! t!e same( t!e combination of t!e t&o are natural. 'a"in$ t!e soldier a&are of t!is abilit* and teac!in$ !im !o& to appl* it results in success &!en en$a$in$ enem* tar$ets in combat. 1.3 T!e e*es focus instinctivel* on t!e center of an* ob0ect observed. After t!e ob0ect is si$!ted( t!e firer ali$ns !is si$!ts on t!e center of mass( focuses on t!e front si$!t( and applies proper tri$$er s/uee5e. 'ost cripplin$ or "illin$ !its result from maintainin$ t!e focus on t!e center of mass. T!e e*es must remain fi%ed on some part of t!e tar$et t!rou$!out firin$. 143 ;!en a soldier points( !e instinctivel* points at t!e feature on t!e ob0ect on &!ic! !is e*es are focused. An impulse from t!e brain causes t!e arm and !and to stop &!en t!e fin$er reac!es t!e proper position. ;!en t!e e*es are s!ifted to a ne& ob0ect or feature( t!e fin$er( !and( and arm also s!ift to t!is point. It is t!is in!erent trait t!at can be used b* t!e soldier to en$a$e tar$ets rapidl* and accuratel*. T!is instinct is called !and-and-e*e coordination. b. F1,)9 S'29" P'&"/*#. Usuall*( &!en en$a$in$ an enem* at pistol ran$e( t!e firer !as little time to ensure a correct si$!t picture. T!e /uic"-"ill 1or natural point of aim3 met!od does not al&a*s ensure a first-round !it. A compromise bet&een a correct si$!t picture and t!e /uic""ill met!od is "no&n as a flas! si$!t picture. As t!e soldier raises t!e &eapon to e*e level( !is point of focus s&itc!es from t!e enem* to t!e front si$!t( ensurin$ t!at t!e front and rear si$!ts are in proper ali$nment left and ri$!t( but not necessaril* up and do&n. Cressure is applied to t!e tri$$er as t!e front si$!t is bein$ ac/uired( and t!e !ammer falls as t!e flas! si$!t picture is confirmed. Initiall*( t!is met!od s!ould be practiced slo&l*( &it! speed $ained as proficienc* increases.

c. Q/'&:-F'*# P!'(" S9!!"'(2. T!is is for en$a$in$ an enem* at less t!an 9 *ards and is also useful for ni$!t firin$. Usin$ a t&o-!and $rip( t!e firer brin$s t!e &eapon up close to t!e bod* until it reac!es c!in level. =e t!en t!rusts it for&ard until bot! arms are strai$!t. T!e arms and bod* form a trian$le( &!ic! can be aimed as a unit. In t!rustin$ t!e &eapon for&ard( t!e firer can ima$ine t!at t!ere is a bo% bet&een !im and t!e enem*( and !e is t!rustin$ t!e &eapon into t!e bo%. T!e tri$$er is smoot!l* s/uee5ed to t!e rear as t!e elbo&s strai$!ten. d. Q/'&:-F'*# S'29"'(2. T!is tec!ni/ue is for en$a$in$ an enem* at 9 to .> *ards a&a* and onl* &!en t!ere is no time available to $et a full picture. T!e firin$ position is t!e same as for /uic"-fire point s!ootin$. T!e si$!ts are ali$ned left and ri$!t to save time( but not up and do&n. T!e firer must determine in practice &!at t!e si$!t picture &ill loo" li"e and &!ere t!e front si$!t must be aimed to !it t!e enem* in t!e c!est. J....... See Ama5on.com or &&&.points!ootin$.com for t!e full manual for less t!an K9.>> US.