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THE COAL RESOURCE
A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEWOF COAL
WORLD COAL INSTITUTE
 
Coal is one of the world’s most importantsources of energy, fuelling almost 40% ofelectricity worldwide. In many countries thisfigure is much higher: Poland relies on coal forover 94% of its electricity; South Africa for92%; China for 77%; and Australia for 76%.Coal has been the world’s fastest growing energysource in recent years – faster than gas, oil,nuclear, hydro and renewables.Coal has played this important role for centuries– not only providing electricity, but also anessential fuel for steel and cement production,and other industrial activities.
The Coal Resource
provides a comprehensiveoverview of coal and the role it plays in our lives.It covers how coal is formed, how it is mined,through to its use and the impact it has on oursocieties and natural environment. It describescoal’s important role as an energy source andhow coal – along with other sources of energy –will be vital in meeting the world’s rapidlygrowing energy needs.We hope that we will answer any questions youmay have about the coal industry but if you wouldlike further information, a number of other WorldCoal Institute (WCI) publications may be helpful.
>> The Role of Coal as an Energy Source
(2003)describes the role that coal plays in our worldtoday and examines this role in the context ofwider issues, such as increasing energydemand, energy security and environmentalchallenges.
>> Clean Coal – Building a Future throughTechnology
(2004) discusses how theenvironmental challenges facing coal –specifically the use of coal – can be overcomethrough the development and use of clean coaltechnologies.>> In 2001 the World Coal Institute published
Sustainable Entrepreneurship, the WayForward for the Coal Industry
– inconjunction with the United NationsEnvironment Programme (UNEP) – lookingat coal within the wider context ofsustainable development.
Copies of all WCI publications and furtherinformation on the coal industry are availableon our website: www.worldcoal.org
THE COAL RESOURCE
WHERE DOES COAL COME FROM? WHATIS ITUSED FOR? IS ITUSED ANYMORE?
 
The Coal Resource: A Comprehensive Overview of Coal1
2SECTION 1 WHATIS COAL?
2Types of Coal3Where is Coal Found?4Finding Coal
7SECTION 2 COAL MINING
7Underground Mining7Surface Mining8Coal Preparation9Coal Transportation10Safety at Coal Mines11Coal Mining & the Wider Community
13SECTION 3 THE GLOBAL COAL MARKET
13Coal Production13Coal Consumption14Coal Trade16Energy Security
19SECTION 4 HOWIS COAL USED?
19History of Coal Use20How is Coal Converted into Electricity?21Importance of Electricity Worldwide22Coal in Iron & Steel Production24Coal Liquefaction24Coal & Cement25Other Uses of Coal
27SECTION 5 COAL & THE ENVIRONMENT
27Coal Mining & the Environment27Land Disturbance27Mine Subsidence28Water Pollution28Dust & Noise Pollution28Rehabilitation29Using Methane from Coal Mines29Coal Use & the Environment31Technological Response31Reducing Particulate Emissions32Preventing Acid Rain33Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions36Coal & Renewable Energy37Overcoming Environmental Impacts
39SECTION 6 MEETING FUTURE ENERGYDEMAND
39The Role of Coal40Making Further Environmental Gains41Coal & Our Energy Future
42FURTHER READING
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