SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

POSSIBLE STRATEGIES

THE GUIDANCE FLOWCHART

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: POSSIBLE STRATEGIES

1. Procurement: Specific procurement strategies to ensure sustainable construction requirements are addressed. 2. Site / Environment: Methods to reduce the environmental impact of construction on the project site and surrounding environment are identified. 3. Material Selection: Identifies environmentally friendly building materials as well as harmful and toxic materials that should be avoided. 4. Waste Prevention: Methods to reduce and eliminate waste on construction projects are identified. 5. Recycling: Identifies materials to recycle at each phase of construction and methods to support the onsite recycling effort. 6. Energy: Methods to ensure and improve the buildings energy performance, reduce energy consumed during construction, and identify opportunities to use renewable energy sources. 7. Building and Material Reuse: Identifies reusable materials and methods to facilitate the future reuse of a facility, systems, equipment, products and materials. 8. Health and Safety: Methods to improve the quality of life for construction workers are identified. 9. Indoor Environment Quality: Methods to ensure indoor environmental quality measures during construction are managed and executed properly. 4

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATIONS?

Construction Project Management Construction Management Site Management 1.Procurement 2.Site / Environment 3.Material Selection 4.Waste Prevention 5.Recycling 6.Energy 7.Building and Material Reuse 8.Health and Safety 9.Indoor Environment Quality Facilities Management

Planning 3+5+6+7

Construction 3+4+5+6+7+8+9 Design Procurement Site activities 3+4+5+6 1 started +7 2+4+5+7+8+9

Handover Liability period 5+7 5+7

Decommissioning 6+7

CAN WE DIG QUITE DEEPER? WHAT ARE THEY?

AN EXAMPLE FOR EACH POSSIBLE STRATEGIES

1. PROCUREMENT !
Procurement is a term which describes the activities undertaken by a client or employer who is seeking to bring about the construction or refurbishment of a building. It is a mechanism which provides a solution to the question: "how do I get my project built? (The Joint Contracts Tribunal Limited, London)

1. PROCUREMENT ! (cont.)
USE SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT Sustainable procurement helps ensure value for money and lower operational costs whilst protecting the environment and bringing us wider societal benefits.
Lord de Mauley, Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Resource Management, the Local Environment and Environmental Science (at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), 2012, London.

1. PROCUREMENT ! (cont.)
Processes of Sustainable Procurement (based on London Olympic 2012): a. Pre-procurement: Early engagement with the supply chain: communication of opportunities, which allowed identification of best practice as well as innovative products, materials and suppliers; Communication of contract opportunities to potential suppliers. b. Tender Specifications: Developing a comprehensive design brief with sustainability requirements fully integrated. c. Pre-qualification: Use of appropriate selection criteria: it focused on past contractors/suppliers performance but it helped on some aspects of sifting bidders. d. Award Stage: All tenders had a set of award criteria that included sustainability and were evaluated on the basis of most economically advantageous tender (MEAT). The environmental sustainability assessment formed part of the technical evaluation. e. Contract Stage: Contract requirements, including detailed sustainability requirements (may integrate GBI).
(Further reading: London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games; The Legacy: Sustainable Procurement for Construction Projects: A Guide)

2. SITE / ENVIRONMENT !
SHIFT of excavation and pre-fabricated part transportation to site from truck to railway.
90% or more avoided truck kilometers (transport of excavation and pre-fabricated parts), reduction of 54 to 67% in Nox-emissions.

(Further reading: NYC Global Partners Innovation Exchange, 2010.)

3. MATERIAL SELECTION !
USE LOCALLY AVAILABLE:
Building materials, components, and systems found locally or regionally saving energy and resources in transportation to the project site.

BUY LESS TOXIC BUILDING MATERIALS:

Avoid thermostats that contain mercury, pressuretreated lumber, and any products made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC, commonly known as (Further reading: California vinyl).

Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle), 2012, & INFORM, Inc., 2012)

4. WASTE PREVENTION !
Design for durability and adaptability:
Ensure a building's maximum ability to accommodate future technological advances and other changing needs.

Design for disassembly:

Buildings that can be altered easily are more likely to be renovated than torn down and replaced. Designing spaces for easy disassembly also facilitates the reclamation of construction materials for reuse and recycling.

Use IBS (Integrated Building System).

(Further reading: INFORM, Inc., 2012)

5. RECYCLING !
Construction waste recycling is the separation and recycling of recoverable waste materials generated during construction and remodeling.
Fact: 8,000 lbs (3,628kg) of waste are typically thrown into the landfill during the construction of a 2,000 square foot (28x72) home.

USE ON-SITE SEPARATION

(Further reading: Sustainable Sources, USA, 2013, & NYC Global Partners Innovation Exchange, 2010)

6. ENERGY !
Energy Efficiency can be maximized by utilizing materials and systems that meet the following criteria:
Materials, components, and systems that help reduce energy consumption in buildings and facilities. Ex.: use LOW VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Paints.
(Further reading: EPA Energy Star, USA, 2013, & Silicon Valley Home Real Estate Experts Inc., 2013)

7. BUILDING & MATERIAL REUSE !

Many materials can be salvaged from demolition and renovation sites and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on the current project. Typical materials suitable for reuse include:
plumbing fixtures, brick, ceiling, floor tiles, wood.

(Further reading: United States Office of Solid Waste Agency, Environmental Protection and Emergency, October 2009)

8. HEALTH & SAFETY !

Protecting worker safety and health is sustainability! Use RATING SYSTEM.
Ex.

(Further reading: Sustainable Construction Safety & Health (SCSH), 2013)

9. INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY !

PARTICULATE MATERIAL such as dusts and fibers are likely to be produced during construction and renovation activities. Assure that construction/renovation workers are equipped with any necessary personal protection equipment (PPE) such as N95 respirators, gloves, eye wear, head gear, and steel-toed boots.
(Further reading: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, 2013)

10. OTHER STRATEGIES !

Please read further:
UK Government, Strategy for Sustainable Construction, June 2008. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system /uploads/attachment_data/file/15370/strategyfor-sustainable-construction.pdf

PERSPECTIVE OF THOSE STRATEGIES !

All the strategies may be implemented;
before, during, after, throughout, construction project lifecycle!

PERSPECTIVE OF THOSE STRATEGIES ! (cont.)

Construction Project Management Construction Management Site Management Facilities Management

BEFORE

DURING THROUGHOUT

AFTER

SEVERAL THOROUGH STRATEGIES TOWARD SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) CONSTRUCTABILITY VALUE CONSTRUCTION LEAN CONSTRUCTION

GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI)

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GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) (cont.)

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GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) RATING SYSTEM

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GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) RATING SYSTEM (cont.)

1. Energy Efficiency (EE):
Improve energy consumption by optimising building orientation, minimizing solar heat gain through the buildinG envelope, harvesting natural lighting, adopting the best practices in building services including use of renewable energy, and ensuring proper testing, commissioning and regular maintenance.

2. Indoor Environment Quality (EQ):

Achieve good quality performance in indoor air quality, acoustics, visual and thermal comfort. These will involve the use of low volatile organic compound (VOC) materials, application of quality air filtration, proper control of air temperature, movement and humidity. Selecting appropriate sites with planned access to public transportation, community services, open spaces and landscaping. Avoiding and conserving environmentally sensitive areas through the redevelopment of existing sites and brownfields (contaminated land by low concentrations of hazardous waste or pollution, and has the potential to be reused once it is cleaned up). Implementing proper construction management, storm water management and reducing the strain on existing infrastructure capacity.

3. Sustainable Site Planning & Management (SM):

GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) RATING SYSTEM (cont.)

4. Materials & Resources (MR):
Promote the use of environment-friendly materials sourced from sustainable sources and recycling. Implement proper construction waste management with storage, collection and re-use of recyclables and construction formwork and waste.

5. Water Efficiency (WE):

Rainwater harvesting, water recycling and water-saving fittings.

6. Innovation (IN):
Innovative design and initiatives that meet the objectives of the GBI.

GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) CATEGORIES

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GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) SCORES

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GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) CLASSIFICATION

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CONSTRUCTABILITY
Constructability is the capability of a design to be constructed. (from The Construction Management Committee, 1991; by Koskela, 1992). One of a project management technique for reviewing construction processes from start to finish during the design/pre-construction phase. It will identify obstacles before a project is actually built to reduce or prevent error, delays, cost overruns, wastages, etc.. Sustainable construction can be implemented within constructability with better outcomes.

CONSTRUCTABILITY (cont.)
Constructability reviews are easily managed for projects where the contractor is determined beforehand. The preferred contractor is engaged at the first client briefing stage and is involved all the way through the design phases. The contractor is an integral part of all design meetings and reviews all documents, plans, drawings, specifications, tender documents and procurement schedules. Further reading:
R. Mohamad Zin et.al., APSEC-ICCER 2012, 2 4 October 2012, Surabaya, Indonesia. The Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand Incorporated (IPENZ), Practice Notes: Constructability, 2008.

VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM)

VM is a systematic and innovative methodology with a multi-disciplinary approach targeted to achieve better value of construction products through decision making process. The fundamental contribution by the VM technique is to eliminate the unnecessary cost which does not contribute to the value of the services, products, systems and that obviously includes the construction projects.

VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM) (cont.)

In many cases, the parties involved in the planning and design development tend to work in silos. Value Management provides a very effective tool to integrate this diverse discipline and parties to work on a common goals and adopting a very structured methodology. The adoption of VM may resulting in a sustainable construction.
Further reading: Sr. Dr. Mohd Mazlan Che Mat, Founding President Institute of Value Management Malaysia (IVMM), Value Management The Way Forward, 2010.

VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM) (cont.)

VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM) (cont.)

VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM) (cont.)

Example:
In one study on the condominium development, the designer proposed the floor to ceiling height of 100. After being asked what is the purposed and function of that, they responded that it was for marketing purposed, which was than disputed by marketing guys.
The Building Bye-Laws only requires 86 floor to ceiling height.

However it was then decided to go for 90 in height. The purposed building was 12 storey of 12 blocks. There was a saving of RM1.0 Million per block with the overall saving of RM12.0 Million.

VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM) (cont.)

LEAN CONSTRUCTION
The word lean was defined by Howell (2001) as Give customers what they want, deliver it instantly with no waste. Generally, construction project based on a cyclic processes. Therefore, the need to identify the wasteful activities in the processes and to make special consideration for them is crucial. Then, compress the cycle time by eliminating nonvalue-adding time (Koskela, 1999). Cycle time includes process time, inspection time, wait time and move time. This concept may assist on sustainable construction objective. (Further reading: Proceedings IGLC-7, Seventh Conference of the International
Group for Lean Construction, University of California, Berkeley, USA, 1999)

LEAN CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

According to Koskela (1992) and Thomas et al., (2002), lean construction includes:
practice of just-in-time (JIT),

Use of pull-driven scheduling, etc..