ROMNIA MINISTERUL APRRII NAIONALE

BULETINUL
UNIVERSITII NAIONALE DE APRARE CAROL I

SERIE NOU

octombrie decembrie

ANUL XXI

PUBLICAIE TIINIFIC DE IMPORTAN NAIONAL DE CATEGORIA B+ RECUNOSCUT DE CONSILIUL NAIONAL AL CERCETRII TIINIFICE DIN NVMNTUL SUPERIOR (CNCSIS)

PUBLICAIE FONDAT N ANUL 1937

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 Buletinul Universitii Naionale de Aprare "Carol I" Nr. 4/2011

BULETINUL
UNIVERSITII NAIONALE DE APRARE CAROL I

CUPRINS

Cooperarea n domeniul securitii la Marea Baltic ............................................................ 9 Col.dr. GHEORGHE CALOPREANU Eficientizarea managementului informaiei n reelele informaionale ..................................................................................................... 17 Col.prof.univ.dr.ing. GELU ALEXANDRESCU Analiza conexiunilor dintre securitatea intern i securitatea extern la nivel european ............................................................................... 23 Col. (r) prof.univ.dr. ROBERT MORAR Insp.pr. de poliie asist.univ.dr. CRISTIAN-EDUARD TEFAN Unele abordri privind evoluia conceptului de infrastructur critic. Tipologia infrastructurilor critice ................................................. 34 Col.prof.univ.dr. GHEORGHE MINCULETE Principii i practici ale interveniei n cazul dezastrelor ...................................................... 45 Gl.bg. (r) dr. CSI GHEORGHE VDUVA Armonizarea legislaiei militare romneti cu aquisul Uniunii Europene ................................................................................................................. 55 Col. (r) prof.univ.dr. ION DRAGOMAN Drd.av. GEORGETA PUN Cooperarea n domeniul aprrii n cadrul Grupului Viegrad ........................................... 73 Col.dr. GHEORGHE CALOPREANU Operaii expediionare. Concept, medii de manifestare i determinri actuale ........................................................................................................... 82 Gl.bg. (r) prof.univ.dr. VIOREL BUA Col. IONEL-LUCIAN SANDU

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Ciclul de Intelligence necesitate a operaiilor desfurate de NATO ............................................................................................................................. 92 Col. (r) prof.univ.dr. GHEORGHE BOARU Lt.col.drd. IOAN-MIHAI ILIE Aspecte privind entropia informaional ........................................................................... 105 Col.prof.univ.dr.ing. GELU ALEXANDRESCU Evoluia dreptului internaional umanitar .......................................................................... 111 Prof.univ.dr. CONSTANTIN IORDACHE Avocat drd. LADISLAU LEVENTE KOBLE Col. (r) drd. RIGU VALENTIN PETRE Rolul diplomaiei preventive n soluionarea crizelor politico-militare contemporane .......................................................................................................... 120 Col.drd. GABRIEL ANGHEL Puterea i echilibrul de putere n domeniul militar............................................................ 130 Col. EDUARD-CONSTANTIN EFRIMESCU Riscurile, ameninrile i crizele factori de instabilitate ai nceputului de secol ....................................................................................................... 140 Lt.col.lect.univ.dr. DORIN-MARINEL EPARU Seismul de la 11 martie 2011 din Japonia. Efecte ............................................................. 149 Gl.bg. (r) dr. CSI GHEORGHE VDUVA Drd. CRISTIAN RDULESCU Sprijinul logistic al operaiilor ntrunite factor de potenare a forelor i element de baz n planificarea aciunilor militare ........................................ 161 Col. IOAN IACOB Rolul diplomaiei aprrii n soluionarea diferendelor i conflictelor internaionale Partea I .............................................................................. 170 Col.drd. NICOLAE-VALENTIN STNESCU VICTOR-COSTIN STNESCU LUMINIA PERA Rolul diplomaiei aprrii n soluionarea diferendelor i conflictelor internaionale Partea a II-a ....................................................................... 195 Col.drd. NICOLAE-VALENTIN STNESCU VICTOR-COSTIN STNESCU LUMINIA PERA Rspunderea disciplinar a militarilor n operaii multinaionale...................................... 211 Col.(r) prof.univ.dr. ION DRAGOMAN Lt.col.drd. AUREL DAMA

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Sprijinul logistic n aciunile militare. Elemente asociate operaiilor fizice ................................................................................................................. 227 Col.drd. GEORGE BOROI Particularitile domeniilor funcionale specifice sprijinului logistic al operaiilor militare contemporane ..................................................................... 237 Col.lect.univ.dr. IULIA-FRSINA TNASE Aspecte privind sprijinul logistic n operaiile militare desfurate de contingentul romnesc participant la Misiunea ISAF III .............................................. 250 Col. IOAN IACOB Rolul actorilor statali i non-statali n generarea alianelor i coaliiilor militare........................................................................................................... 259 Col.drd. MARIN-CLAUDIU BIBIRI Brazilia putere emergent ............................................................................................... 271 Mr.conf.univ.dr. DOREL BUE Sarcini de baz ale forelor pentru operaii speciale n contextul geopolitic actual ............................................................................................. 277 Col.drd. ION-VIOREL DIACONU Rolul organizaiilor europene i euroatlantice de aprare n asigurarea securitii europene ...................................................................................... 284 Col.drd. AUREL URSACHI Col.(r) drd. RIGU VALENTIN PETRE Tendine n evoluia cadrului juridico-administrativ de organizare i funcionare a organizaiilor euroatlantice de securitate i aprare ................................. 291 Col.drd. AUREL URSACHI Relaiile de politic extern ale Modovei din timpul domniei lui tefan cel Mare (1457 1504) cu marile puteri vecine (Imperiul Otoman, Polonia i Ungaria), Veneia i Statul Papal ....................................... 300 Col.prof.univ.dr. SORIN PNZARIU Plt.adj. VASILE CONSTANTIN Domeniile reconstruciei postconflict ................................................................................ 310 Lt.col. MARIAN BAE Activitatea politico-diplomatic a lui Mihai Koglniceanu............................................... 321 Col.prof.univ.dr. CONSTANTIN IORDACHE Col. (r) drd. RIGU VALENTIN PETRE Avocat drd. LADISLAU LEVENTE KOBLE Istoria militar component a istoriei i a tiinei militare ............................................. 337 Lt.col.dr. FILOFTEIA REPEZ Interdisciplinaritatea. Paradigm a cercetrii tiinifice din cadrul Universitii Naionale de Aprare Carol...................................................... 345

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Avocat dr. VALENTIN-STELIAN BDESCU Principiile operaiilor postconflict de reconstrucie ........................................................... 364 Lt.col. MARIAN BAE Importana strategiilor anticorupie n asigurarea securitii naionale ............................................................................................................ 378 Col. (r) prof.univ.dr.ing. EUGEN SITEANU Drd. ALINA NICOLETA BRBNA Tehnici i metode moderne pentru eficientizarea activitilor economico-financiare n prevenirea i combaterea terorismului ....................................... 388 Drd. CLAUDIA MARIA PETER Necesitatea asistenei psihologice n armata Romniei ..................................................... 394 Drd. CARMEN IRIMIA Crizele din nordul Africii i Orientul Mijlociu abordare comprehensiv .................................................................................................... 402 CRISTINA AVRAM Rolul comitetului cadrelor militare femei din forele NATO ............................................ 414 Mr.just.mil.drd. ADELA VLCU Lupta mpotriva terorismului n condiiile noilor ameninri globale ............................................................................................................. 429 Subinsp.pol.drd. ALEXANDRU LAURENIU ANGHEL Evoluia i tendinele artileriei n Primul Rzboi Mondial ................................................ 436 Cpt. DRAGO FLORIN COARF Stresul post traumatic i intervenia terapeutic post traumatic ................................................................................................................... 448 Drd. CARMEN IRIMIA Rolul luptei lui Mihai Viteazul pentru aprarea cretintii............................................. 456 Plt.adj.ist. VASILE CONSTANTIN Managementul securitii n regiunea Mrii Negre ........................................................... 466 Drd.ing.ec. MIHAI COSMIN DUU

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COOPERAREA N DOMENIUL SECURITII LA MAREA BALTIC

SECURITY CO-OPERATION IN THE BALTIC SEA AREA

Col.dr. Gheorghe CALOPREANU Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Mediul geopolitic unic n care se afl regiunea Mrii Baltice confer acesteia o importan deosebit pe continentul european. Situate n acest spaiu, Danemarca, Norvegia, Suedia, Finlanda, Rusia, Estonia, Letonia, Lituania, Rusia (prin regiunea Kaliningrad) Polonia i Germania totalizeaz un nivel impresionant al populaiei circa 153 de milioane de oameni (un milion de oameni care locuiesc n regiunea Kaliningrad). Toate aceste state sunt strns legate din punct de vedere geografic de Marea Baltic, de trecutul acesteia (conflictele continental, regional i naional nencetate), ca i de prezentul i viitorul zonei. Scopul acestui articol este analizarea cooperrii n regiunea Mrii Baltice att din perspectiva acestei zone, ct i din cea a Uniunii Europene. The unique geopolitic environment of the Baltic Sea region has been of special importance in Europe. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia (Kaliningrad region the subject of the Russian Federation), Poland, and Germany are situated within this space and have the population of 153 million (together with 1 million of people inhabiting the Kaliningrad region). They are all linked together geographically by the Baltic Sea, historical past (continuous continental, regional and national conflicts), the reality of today and future forecasts. The below essay is aimed at evaluating the state of security of the Baltic Sea region from the perspective of this particular area as well as from the EUs point of view. Cuvinte cheie: securitate; cooperare; regiune; geopolitic. Keywords: security; co-operation; region; geopolitics.

EFICIENTIZAREA MANAGEMENTULUI INFORMAIEI N REELE INFORMAIONALE

IMPROVING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN INFORMATION NETWORKS

Col.prof.univ.dr.ing Gelu ALEXANDRESCU Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

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Eficientizarea unei reele informaionale pentru managementul activitilor ntr-o structur militar se bazeaz pe calcule tiinifice exacte i are o mare importan pentru structurarea fluxurilor de informaii. Improving an informational network for management activities in a military structure is based on accurate scientific calculations and is of great importance for structuring information flows.

Cuvinte cheie: management; sistem; eficientizare; informaie; reea informaional. Keywords: management; system; improvement; information; informational network.

ANALIZA CONEXIUNILOR DINTRE SECURITATEA INTERN I SECURITATEA EXTERN LA NIVEL EUROPEAN

ANALYZING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SECURITY AT AN EUROPEAN LEVEL

Col.(r) prof.univ.dr. Robert MORAR Academia de Poliie Alexandru Ioan Cuza Insp.pr. de poliie asist.univ.dr. Cristian-Eduard TEFAN Academia de Poliie Alexandru Ioan Cuza Pn nu demult, domeniul securitii europene a fost abordat n mod distinct, pe cele dou mari segmente securitate intern i securitate extern, considerndu-se faptul c aceste componente se circumscriu domeniului justiiei i afacerilor interne, pe de o parte, i domeniului politicii externe i de aprare a statelor, pe de alt parte. n prezent, avnd n vedere noul context european, cele dou domenii ale securitii se ntreptrund i prezint conexiuni puternice ntre ele, ceea ce determin tratarea i analiza lor n mod integrat. Until recently, the European security was approached differently, on its two main segments of activity internal security and external security, because on one hand, these segments belong to the domain of justice and home affairs and on the other hand, to the domain of Foreign Policy and Defender of the states. Presently, in consideration of the new European context, these two domains of security interwine and present strong connections, which enhances an integrated treatment and analysis.

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Cuvinte cheie: securitate intern; securitate extern; UE; Tratatul de la Lisabona; Strategia European de Securitate; Strategia de securitate intern a Uniunii Europene. Keywords: internal security; external security; EU; Lisbon Treaty; European Security Strategy; European Internal Security Strategy.

UNELE ABORDRI PRIVIND EVOLUIA CONCEPTULUI DE INFRASTRUCTUR CRITIC. TIPOLOGIA INFRASTRUCTURILOR CRITICE

SOME APPROACHES ON EVOLUTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CONCEPT. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES TYPOLOGY

Col.prof.univ.dr. Gheorghe MINCULETE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Infrastructura critic a unei naiuni este sistemul deosebit de complex, interdependent din punct de vedere fizic i bazat pe sisteme digitale, specific resurselor eseniale care asigur realizarea operaiilor minime pentru funcionarea economiei i guvernrii naiunii respective. Ea include comunicaiile, sistemul energetic, sistemul financiar-bancar, sistemul de transport, sistemul de aprovizionare cu ap i serviciile de urgen, dar nu este limitat la acestea. Infrastructura critic poate fi n proprietatea statului i poate fi operat de acesta, poate aparine sectorului privat sau poate aparine deopotriv statului i sectorului privat. Majoritatea infrastructurilor critice ale naiunii noastre au fost separate fizic i logic de-a lungul timpului, interdependena sistemelor componente fiind foarte redus. The critical infrastructure of a nation is the system of highly complex and interdependent physical and cyber-based assets essential to the minimum operations of a nation's economy and government. It includes, but is not limited to, communications, energy, banking and finance, transportation, water supply, and emergency services. It could be owned and operated by the government or the private sector, or both. Much of our nation's critical infrastructures have historically been physically and logically separated; they were systems that had little interdependence.

Cuvinte cheie: infrastructuri critice; securitatea naional; gestionarea securitii; strategii; programe; proceduri. Keywords: critical infrastructures; national security; security management; strategies; programs; procedures.

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PRINCIPII I PRACTICI ALE INTERVENIEI N CAZUL DEZASTRELOR*

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF DISASTERS INTERVENTION

Gl.bg. (r) dr. CSI Gheorghe VDUVA** Universitatea Cretin Dimitrie Cantemir

Dezastrele cosmice naturale i tehnologice, la care se adaug cele generate de dinamica mediului de securitate criza, conflictul armat i rzboiul sunt, n cea mai mare parte, inevitabile. Ele presupun un sistem de intervenie, att pentru prevenirea efectelor i pentru ameliorarea acestora, ct mai ales pentru lichidarea urmrilor, adic pentru ntreruperea lanului de efecte. Interveniile nu pot fi fcute ns oricum, ci dup norme, principii i reguli predefinite, ntr-un sistem unitar i coerent. Politicile i strategiile de intervenie trebuie s respecte aceste principii (care fac parte din teoria aciunii eficiente) i s le pun n oper. Natural and technological cosmic disasters together with those generated by security environment dynamics crisis, armed conflict and war are, largely, unavoidable. They involve an intervention system not only to prevent and ameliorate effects but also to eliminate their traces by disrupting effects chain. Interventions can not be done anyhow but by predefined norms, principles and rules within a unitary and coherent system. Interventional policies and strategies must respect these principles (being part of efficient action theory) and put them into practice.

Cuvinte cheie: dezastre; principii; intervenie; conflict; politici; strategii. Keywords: disasters; principles; intervention; conflict; policies; strategies.

ARMONIZAREA LEGISLAIEI MILITARE ROMNETI CU ACQUISUL UNIUNII EUROPENE

THE HARMONIZATION OF ROMANIAN MILITARY LAWS WITH EU S ACQUIS

Lucrare realizat n cadrul proiectului de cercetare PROSTRACT Cercetri interdisciplinare pentru proiectarea strategiilor economico-financiare de aciune n evenimentele de risc extrem. Hazarde naturale i accidente tehnologice. ** e-mail: vaduvageorge@yahoo.fr 9

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Col. (r) prof.univ.dr. Ion DRAGOMAN Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Drd.av. Georgeta PUN Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Asigurarea interoperabilitii dintre forele armate ale Romniei i structurile militare ale UE include: cunoaterea legilor fundamentale, dar i a doctrinelor referitoare la structura i competena att a Statului Major General, ct i n ceea ce privete conducerea operaiilor europene desfurate n cadrul Politicii de Securitate i Aprare Comun; revizuirea i adaptarea actelor normative specifice n concordan cu standardele europene; ntrirea, printr-o susinere bugetar adecvat, a proceselor de restructurare, modernizare i transformare, n conformitate cu standardele euroatlantice; adaptarea aspectelor operaionale, materiale i administrative ale standardizrii. Ensuring Romanias Armed Forces interoperability with EU military structures includes the following: acknowledging fundamental laws and doctrines concerning the structure and the competence of General Staff and those with regard to the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) operations; reviewing and adapting relevant military regulations and directives in accordance with the EU standards; enhancing, through adequate budgetary allocations, of the restructuring, modernization and transformation processes, according to Romanian legislation and Euro-Atlantic standards; adapting operational, material and administrative aspects of standardization.

Cuvinte cheie: armonizare; standardizare, interoperabilitate, legi militare, acquis-ul UE. Keywords: harmonization, standardization, interoperability, military laws, EU acquis.

COOPERAREA N DOMENIUL APRRII N CADRUL GRUPULUI VIEGRAD

DEFENSE CO-OPERATION WITHIN THE VISEGRAD GROUP

Col.dr. Gheorghe CALOPREANU Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Aliana regional Grupul Viegrad a fost stabilit n anul 1991 i redenumit n 1993, dup disoluia Cehoslovaciei, cu scopul nlesnirii aderrii la UE i NATO a celor patru ri constituente Republica Ceh, Ungaria,

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Polonia i Slovacia. Ulterior, alte domenii de cooperare, cum sunt cel al comerului, cel al dezvoltrii regionale, cel al nvmntului i cel al cooperrii n domeniul relaiilor externe au fost adugate pe lista de lucru. Dup ce aceste scopuri au fost ndeplinite n 2004, cooperarea s-a extins la dou noi domenii extinderea UE n Balcani i politica energetic. Articolul de fa examineaz procesul de cooperare n cadrul Grupului Viegrad i identific poteniale viitoare forme de colaborare n regiune. The regional alliance of Visegrad Group was established in 1991 and after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993 it was renamed and aimed at fostering accession to EU and NATO to the four constitutive countries, namely the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Consequently, other areas such as commerce, regional development, education and cooperation in foreign policy were all added to the agenda. Once the original goals were fulfilled in 2004, their co-operation expanded to two new areas - EU enlargement to the Balkans and energy policy. The paper below examines the co-operation process within the Visegrad Group countries and identifies potential new ways of future collaboration in this region. Cuvinte cheie: defense; securitate; cooperare; regiune; model. Keywords: aprare; security; co-operation; region; model.

OPERAII EXPEDIIONARE. CONCEPT, MEDII DE MANIFESTARE I DETERMINRI ACTUALE

EXPEDITIONARY OPERATIONS. CONCEPT, MANIFESTATIONS AND CURRENT APPROACHES

Gl.bg. (r) prof.univ.dr. Viorel BUA Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Col. Ionel-Lucian SANDU Batalionul 335 Artilerie Alexandru cel Bun, Botoani n contextul evoluiei fenomenului militar contemporan, operaiile expediionare au suferit transformrile impuse de modul cum a fost conceput rolul organismului militar de ctre factorii de decizie politic ai statelor. Experiena militar romneasc a contribuit din plin la mbogirea patrimoniului teoretic i practic al operaiilor militare expediionare. In the context of the evolution of the contemporary military phenomenon, expeditionary operations have undergone transformations imposed by the way in which the military role was designed by the states political decision makers. Romanian military experience has greatly contributed to the enriching of the theoretical and practical heritage of the military expeditionary operations.

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Cuvinte cheie: operaii expediionare; globalizare, ONU; terorism. Keywords: expeditionary operations; globalization; UN; terrorism.

CICLUL DE INTELLIGENCE NECESITATE A OPERAIILOR DESFURATE DE NATO

INTELLIGENCE CYCLE A NATO OPERATIONS NECESITY

Col. (r) prof.univ.dr. Gheorghe BOARU Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Lt.col.drd. Ioan-Mihai ILIE Centrul de Excelen NATO HUMINT

Ciclul de inteligence reprezint o transformare discret a datelor i informaiilor n produse de intelligence. Fazele ciclului de intelligence se vor suprapune i vor coincide, astfel nct acestea se vor desfura concomitent i continuu, mai degrab dect secvenial. Ciclul de intelligence va influena decisiv procesul de luare a deciziei militare i executarea operaiei. Produsele de intelligence trebuie s fie predictive i s sprijine comandantul n nelegerea imaginii operaionale comune din zona de operaii ncredinat. Produsele de intelligence vor constitui o parte important a informaiilor relevante. Estimarea de inteligence va fi efectuat permanent pe durata ciclului operaional planific, pregtete, execut. Superioritatea informaional va fi puternic influenat de produsele ciclului de inteligence. Superioritatea informaional va determina succesul operaiilor multinaionale ntrunite. The intelligence cycle is a discrete transformation of data and information into intelligence produces. The intelligence cycle phases will overlap and coincide, so that they will be concurrently and continuously rather than sequentially. The intelligence cycle will decisively direct the commanders military decision making process and operation execution. The intelligence produces have to be predictive, and support the commander in common operational picture understanding of his designated operation area. The intelligence produces will be an important piece of relevant information. A permanent intelligence estimate will be performed during the plan, prepare, execute operations cycle. Information superiority will be powerful influenced by the intelligence cycle produces. The information superiority will decisively determine the success of the joint operations.

Cuvinte cheie: NATO; ciclu de intelligence; superioritate informaional. Keywords: NATO; intelligence cycle; information superiority.

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ASPECTE PRIVIND ENTROPIA INFORMAIONAL

ASPECTS ABOUT INFORMATIONAL ENTROPY

Col.prof.univ.dr.ing. Gelu ALEXANDRESCU Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Evaluarea entropiei pentru sistemele condiionate reciproc, cnd strile unui sistem Y influeneaz producerea strilor sistemului X, este o informaie util n orice domeniu de activitate. Entropy evaluation for mutually conditioned systems, when the state of a system Y affects the production of the system X state, is an useful information in any domain of activity. Cuvinte cheie: sistem; entropie; informaie; incertitudine; probabilitate. Keywords: system; entropy; information; uncertainty; probability.

EVOLUIA DREPTULUI INTERNAIONAL UMANITAR

EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

Prof.univ.dr. Constantin IORDACHE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Avocat drd. Ladislau Levente KOBLE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Col. (r) drd. Rigu Valentin PETRE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

n Carta Naiunilor Unite, n anul 1945, a fost consacrat instituia drepturilor omului, conform previziunilor din Preambulul Cartei i al articolelor 1, 13, 55, 56, 62 i 76. Frecvena cu care ele sunt menionate n Cart indic faptul c susintorii au fost ncreztori c standardele drepturilor omului pot fi dezvoltate. Coninutul Preambulului susine c oamenii trebuie s reafirme credina n drepturile fundamentale ale omului, demnitate i valoarea fiinelor umane, n drepturile egale dintre brbai i femei ...

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In the United Nations Charter, 1945, the institution of human rights was defined in the provisions found in the Preamble of the Charter and the content of Articles 1, 13, 55, 56, 62 and 76. The frequency of them being mentioned in the Charter indicates that the promoters felt that international human rights standards could be developed. The contents of the Preamble states that people need to reaffirm: faith in fundamental human rights, the dignity and worth of human beings, in the equal rights of men and women ....

Cuvinte cheie: Carta Naiunilor Unite; drept internaional umanitar; drepturile omului; Convenia european privind protecia drepturilor omului i libertilor fundamentale. Keywords: United Nations Charter; international humanitarian law; human rights; European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

ROLUL DIPLOMAIEI PREVENTIVE N SOLUIONAREA CRIZELOR POLITICO-MILITARE CONTEMPORANE

THE ROLE OF PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY IN SOLVING CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL-MILITARY CRISES

Col.drd. Gabriel ANGHEL Ministerul Aprrii Naionale

Succesul anihilrii unui focar conflictual pe cale amiabil depinde nu numai de convergena strategiilor propuse pentru detensionarea situaiei, ci i de abilitile diplomatice ale fiecrei pri prezente la masa negocierilor, de responsabilitatea cu care aceasta nelege s trateze. Mijloacele diplomatice consacrate n Carta ONU, concretizate sub forma tratativelor, bunelor oficii, medierii, anchetei i concilierii internaionale, au reprezentat i continu s reprezinte modaliti prin care statele i rezolv deseori disputele i reuesc s ajung la un numitor comun, n maniera cea mai elegant i mai puin prejudiciabil. The success in annihilating a conflict focus in an amiable way depends not only on the convergence of the strategies proposed for defrosting the situation but also on the diplomatic abilities of each party present at the negotiation table, and its responsible approach. The diplomatic means defined by the Charter of the United Nations which are materialized in treaties, good offices, mediations, inquires, and international conciliation, represented and still do means by which states frequently solve disputes and reach a common point in the most elegant and less prejudicial manner.

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Cuvinte cheie: criz; securitate; conflict; prevenire; diplomaie. Keywords: crisis; security; conflict; preventing; diplomacy.

PUTEREA I ECHILIBRUL DE PUTERE N DOMENIUL MILITAR

POWER AND BALANCE OF POWER IN THE MILITARY

Col. Eduard-Constantin EFRIMESCU Divizia 1 Infanterie Dacica De-a lungul istoriei, dac niciun individ nu ar fi rvnit la bunul altuia i dac niciun trib nu l-ar fi ameninat pe cellalt, puterea militar incipient, nu s-ar fi nscut i nu ar fi dezvoltat uluitoarele capaciti de astzi. Puterea militar, aparent cea mai uor de neles form de putere, se refer la capacitatea de aciune armat a unui subiect pentru a-i impune obiectivele prin violen, pe de o parte, i a oferi garanii de securitate, n schimbul unor avantaje, celor care nu dein putere militar i se simt ameninai, ntr-un fel sau altul, de poteniala violen a altor subieci. If, throughout history, no individual had coveted the property of another and no tribe had threatened the other, early military power would not have been born and would not have developed the stunning capabilities of today. Military power, apparently the more understandable form of power, refers to the fighting capacity of a subject to impose objectives through violence, on the one hand, and to provide security guarantees, in exchange for benefits, to those who have no military power and feel threatened, one way or another, by the potential violence of other subjects. Cuvinte cheie: putere; influen; putere militar; putere economic; putere simbolic; echilibrul de putere; alian. Keywords: power; influence; military power; economic power; symbolic power; balance of power; alliance. RISCURILE, AMENINRILE I CRIZELE FACTORI DE INSTABILITATE AI NCEPUTULUI DE SECOL

RISKS, THREATS AND CRISES FACTORS OF INSTABILITY AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY
Lt.col.lect.univ.dr. Dorin-Marinel EPARU Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

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Tipul de societate mondial care se prefigureaz la acest nceput de secol se caracterizeaz prin apariia a noi riscuri, ameninri, crize i conflicte militare. Analitii militari i politici apreciaz c n viitor, din nefericire, rzboaiele, conflictele militare deschise vor continua s fie prezente n arena mondial. Informatizarea i lupta angajat n conflictele regionale de fore coalizate vor fi caracteristici ale rzboiului din secolul XXI. Instabilitatea deja ctig teren, iar confruntrile au devenit explozive cuprinznd o ntreag gam de crize interne cu caracter social, etnic, religios, economic, chiar cu rivaliti interstatale. Dar, cu siguran, rzboaiele nu vor mai semna cu cele de acum. Misiunile viitoare ale armatelor se pare c vor avea drept obiective prioritare controlul crizelor, meninerea sau impunerea pcii, aciuni umanitare i ecologice. The type of society at the beginning of this century is characterized by the rise of new risks, threats, crises and military conflicts. Military and political analysts argue that in the future, unfortunately, wars and open military conflicts will linger. Information technology and regional conflicts among coalitions will be the common characteristics of war in the 21st century. Instability is already gaining impetus and confrontations have become more explosive, including an increasing array of internal crises with a social, ethnic, religious and economic character. The future missions of the modern Armed Forces will seemingly have as objectives crisis control, peace enforcement and peace keeping, humanitarian and ecological actions.

Cuvinte cheie: riscuri; ameninri; crize; instabilitate; conflicte. Keywords: risks; threats; crisis; instability; conflicts.

SEISMUL DE LA 11 MARTIE 2011 DIN JAPONIA. EFECTE

JAPAN. 11 MARCH 2011 SEISM. EFFECTS

Gl.bg. (r) dr. CSI Gheorghe VDUVA Universitatea Cretin Dimitrie Cantemir Drd. Cristian RDULESCU Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Terra este o planet activ. Exist o micare permanent n atmosfer, litosfer i n adncurile planetei. Dar, n ultimul timp, catastrofele s-au intensificat. Cutremurul din Thoku este cel mai fervent din istoria seismic a Arhipelagului Nipon. El a fost urmat de un tsunami devastator care a distrus mai mult de 200 km din coasta japonez. Dar, cel mai dramatic efect al acestui eveniment catastrofic a constat n avaria grav a centralei nucleare de la Fukushima. Deci, exist trei categorii de ameninri pentru securitatea arhipelagului nipon,

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asupra mediului, securitii oamenilor i pentru planet: efectele seismului i tsunami-ului; contaminarea radioactiv i efectele asupra geografiei i geofizicii Terrei. Aceste elemente trebuie cunoscute i gestionate n consecin. Terra is an active planet. There are a lot of movements in the atmosphere, lithosphere and in the depths of the planet. But, recently, disasters have intensified. The Tohoku earthquake is the largest seism in the known history of the Japanese archipelago. It was followed by a devastating tsunami that destroyed more than 200 km of the Japanese coast. But, the most dramatic effect of this catastrophic event is the serious damage of the nuclear plant in Fukushima. Therefore, there are three categories of security threats over the Japanese archipelago, to the environment, to the safety of people and against the planet as: the effects of the earthquake and tsunami; the radioactive contamination; the effects on Earths geography and geophysics. They must be known and treated accordingly.

Cuvinte cheie: seisme; tsunami; nipon; securitate; nuclear; sntate. Keywords: seism; tsunami; Nippon, security; nuclear; health.

SPRIJINUL LOGISTIC AL OPERAIILOR NTRUNITE FACTOR DE POTENARE A FORELOR I ELEMENT DE BAZ N PLANIFICAREA ACIUNILOR MILITARE

LOGISTIC SUPPORT IN JOINT OPERATIONS STRENGTHENING FACTOR OF FORCES AND KEY ELEMENT IN MILITARY ACTIONS PLANNING
Col. Ioan IACOB Comandamentul Logistic ntrunit

Implementarea Strategiei Logisticii Armatei Romniei presupune necesitatea fundamental de a asigura compatibilitatea sistemului logistic militar romnesc cu structuri similare din armatele membre NATO. Aceast cerin presupune crearea unui sistem logistic care s fie capabil de o mare mobilitate, s poat asigura sprijinul material oriunde este necesar, n cantiti necesare i la momentul oportun. n opinia autorului, nainte de toate, este necesar s stabilim cerinele generale i specifice ale procesului de reformare a sistemului logistic, i, de asemenea, a celor mai pragmatice mijloace i metode de a mbunti procesul de reformare al logisticii, care s poat asigura susinerea forelor romneti, concomitent cu mbuntirea modului de alocare i utilizare a resurselor. Implementing the Romanian Armed Forces Logistics Strategy means a fundamental necessity to accomplish the compatibility of the military logistic

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system for the integration with similar structures from the NATO member states Armed Forces. This requires a support system with high mobility, able to provide sustainment where necessary, in the required quantity and at the right time. In the authors opinion, most of all, we must be able to coherently establish general and specific requests of the logistic system transformation, as well as the most realistic means and methods to increase the logistics transformation process, which can ensure the sustainment of the national force, simultaneously with the concentration and improvement of the allocated resources.

Cuvinte cheie: sprijin logistic; aprovizionare; transport, logistic militar, planificare logistic. Keywords: logistic support; supply; transport; military logistics; logistic planning.

ROLUL DIPLOMAIEI APRRII N SOLUIONAREA DIFERENDELOR I CONFLICTELOR INTERNAIONALE - Partea I -

ROLE OF DEFENCE DIPLOMACY FOR SOLVING OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES AND CONFLICTS - Part ICol.drd. Nicolae - Valentin STNESCU Ministerul Aprrii Naionale Victor-Costin STNESCU Ministerul Aprrii Naionale Luminia PERA Ministerul Aprrii Naionale

Pe timpul dezvoltrii comunitii internaionale, mijloacele panice de soluionare a diferendelor i conflictelor au evoluat n funcie de perioada istoric specific i corelarea cu forele existente la nivel internaional. During the historical development of the international community, the means of peaceful settlement of disputes and conflicts have evolved depending on the specific historical period and the correlation of forces in the international arena. Cuvinte cheie: internaional; comunitate; diferende; conflicte; istoric; spaiu. Keywords: international; community; disputes; conflicts; historical; arena.

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ROLUL DIPLOMAIEI APRRII N SOLUIONAREA DIFERENDELOR I CONFLICTELOR INTERNAIONALE - Partea a II-a -

ROLE OF DEFENCE DIPLOMACY FOR SOLVING INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES AND CONFLICTS - Part IICol.drd. Nicolae - Valentin STNESCU Ministerul Aprrii Naionale Victor-Costin STNESCU Ministerul Aprrii Naionale Luminia PERA Ministerul Aprrii Naionale Pe timpul dezvoltrii comunitii internaionale, mijloacele panice de soluionare a diferendelor i conflictelor au evoluat n funcie de perioada istoric specific i corelarea cu forele existente la nivel internaional. Along the historical development of the international community, the means of peaceful settlement of disputes and conflicts have evolved depending on the specific historical period and on the correlation of forces at the international level. Cuvinte cheie: internaional; comunitate; diferende; conflicte; istoric; spaiu. Keywords: international; community; disputes; conflicts; history; area.

RSPUNDEREA DISCIPLINAR A MILITARILOR N OPERAII MULTINAIONALE

DISCIPLINARY ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE MILITARY IN MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS

Col. (r) prof.univ.dr. Ion DRAGOMAN Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Lt.col.drd. Aurel DAMA Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Evoluia rspunderii disciplinare a militarilor ctre reglementarea caracterului discreionar, ba chiar arbitrar, a autoritilor ierarhic superioare i-a schimbat direcia de cteva decenii spre consolidarea garaniilor conferite

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personalului armatei. n contact cu instituiile democratice ale statului, armata s-a lepdat progresiv de caracterul su corporativ, pentru a se adapta vieii naionale. The special nature of military life, the special organization of the Armed Forces and the strict discipline which governs it, often require that rules of disciplinary accountability of the military in multinational operations deviate from their basic origin governing the scope of rules of national disciplinary procedure, in order to prescribe special rules which are better adapted to the military spirit.

Cuvinte cheie: aciune disciplinar; disciplin; drept disciplinar militar; autoritate militar; cod militar; jurisdicie militar; procedur militar; rspundere disciplinar. Keywords: disciplinary action; discipline; disciplinary military law; military authority; military code; military jurisdiction; military procedure; disciplinary accountability.

SPRIJINUL LOGISTIC N ACIUNILE MILITARE. ELEMENTE ASOCIATE OPERAIILOR FIZICE

LOGISTIC SUPPORT IN MILITARY OPERATIONS. ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED TO THE KINETIC OPERATIONS

Col.drd. George BOROI Clubul Sportiv al Armatei Steaua Rspunsul la provocrile noului mediu strategic, n continu modificare, impune ca forele statelor membre NATO i UE s dezvolte capabiliti credibile de a obine dominaia (total) n toate formele de desfurare a operaiilor militare. n acest sens, proiectarea i realizarea unei fore militare eficiente pe termen scurt i mediu necesit integrare intelectual, operaional, organizaional, doctrinar i tehnic. Sprijinul logistic al acestor fore necesit adaptare rapid la sistemul de comand i control al forelor lupttoare i gsirea de noi metode i procedee care s asigure amprent redus la teren a structurilor specifice i eficiena n reducerea timpului de ateptare a materialelor necesare lupttorilor. The response to the challenges posed by the new and continuously changing strategic environment requires that all armed forces of NATO - and UE-member states develop credible capabilities in achieving domination over the spectrum of military operations. To this end, designing and building a force that is efficient on short and medium term necessitates intellectual, operational, organizational, doctrinal and technical integration. The logistic support provided to the fighting forces requires swift adaptation, at least insofar as the command and control system is concerned, and identification of innovative methods and procedures of ensuring a minimal logistic footprint whilst not affecting efficiency or prolonging the waiting time.

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Cuvinte cheie: logistic; sprijin logistic, capabilitate, sistem de distribuie, operaii. Keywords: logistics; logistic support; capability; distribution system, operations.

PARTICULARITILE DOMENIILOR FUNCIONALE SPECIFICE SPRIJINULUI LOGISTIC AL OPERAIILOR MILITARE CONTEMPORANE

PARTICULARITIES OF LOGISTICS SUPPORT OF ACTUAL MILITARY OPERATIONS

Col.lect.univ.dr. Iulia Frsina TNASE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Logistica influeneaz ritmul, durata sau intensitatea unei operaii militare i asigur capacitatea operaional a forelor lupttoare. Succesul n logistic este evaluat prin exploatarea corect a mijloacelor de lupt i aprovizionarea cu tot ceea ce este necesar la locul i momentul dorit. Logistics influences the rhythm, duration and intensity of military operation. Also logistics assures operational capacity of combat forces. The success of logistics is estimated by correct exploitation of military equipments and efficient providing with all kind of resources in the right place and moment.

Cuvinte cheie: logistic; aprovizionare; mentenan; infrastructur; micare i transport. Keywords: logistics; supply; maintenance; infrastructure; movement and transportation.

ASPECTE PRIVIND SPRIJINUL LOGISTIC N OPERAIILE MILITARE DESFURATE DE CONTINGENTUL ROMNESC PARTICIPANT LA MISIUNEA ISAF III

ASPECTS REGARDING THE LOGISTIC SUPPORT IN MILITARY OPERATIONS PERFORMED BY THE ROMANIAN FORCES DURING ISAF III MISSION
Col. Ioan IACOB Comandamentul Logistic ntrunit

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Elementul naional de sprijin ndeplinete, n principal, urmtoarele misiuni: asigur aprovizionarea i transportul bunurilor materiale i pieselor de schimb pentru forele romneti dislocate n teatrul de operaii din Afganistan; realizeaz interveniile necesare pentru mentenana autovehiculelor i echipamentelor militare aparinnd forelor romneti; pregtirea materialelor pentru misiunile de transport; asigur serviciile de campanie necesare trupelor romneti care tranziteaz baza KAF; monitorizeaz implementarea acordurilor privind sprijinul logistic pentru forele romneti dislocate n Afganistan; execut i alte activiti specifice n sprijinul forelor romneti dislocate n teatrul de operaii. The National Support Element fulfills the following main missions: supplies and distributes materials and spare parts necessary for Romanian forces deployed in Afghanistan operation theater; performs the maintenance interventions for the vehicles and technical equipment belonging to the Romanian contingents; prepares the materials for transportation; ensures the accommodations and services necessary for the Romanian forces which are in transit on the KAF Base; monitors the implementation of logistic support agreements for Romanian contingents in Afghanistan TO; executes any other specific activities for the use of Romanian forces deployed in the operation theater.

Cuvinte cheie: aprovizionare i distribuie; piese de schimb; intervenii de mentenan; resurse; acorduri privind sprijinul logistic. Keywords: supply and distribution; spare parts; maintenance interventions; resources; logistic support agreements.

ROLUL ACTORILOR STATALI I NONSTATALI N GENERAREA ALIANELOR I COALIIILOR MILITARE

THE ROL OF STATE AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN FORMING MILITARY ALLIANCES AND MILITARY COALITIONS
Col.drd. Marin-Claudiu BIBIRI Misiunea Permanent a Romniei la ONU

n zilele noastre, formarea de aliane sau coaliii politico-militare ntre state a devenit absolut necesar, ea fiind cerut de nsi realitatea epocii prezente n care securitatea nu mai este vzut ca un atribut naional, ci este sprijinit prin msuri comune de protejare a populaiei sau aciuni preventive mpotriva tuturor surselor de instabilitate att la nivel regional, ct i global. Necesitatea crerii de aliane a crescut, totodat, direct proporional cu extinderea fenomenului de globalizare ale crui efecte asupra mediului internaional actual de securitate impun o gndire i o aciune global n vederea protejrii i promovrii intereselor naionale.

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Nowadays, to form political and military alliances or coalitions among states has become absolutely necessary, that being requested by the reality of the present times when security is no longer seen as a national task and is sustained through common measures for peoples protection or through preventing actions against all instability sources, at both regional and international level. Therewith, the necessity to create alliances has evolved together with the increase in globalization, whose effects over the current international security environment require global thoughtfulness and global actions in order to protect and promote national interests.

Cuvinte cheie: securitate; alian/coalie militar; actori statali/nonstatali; organizaii regionale/internaionale. Keywords: security; military alliance/coalition; statal/non-statal actors; regional/international organizations.

BRAZILIA PUTERE EMERGENT

BRAZIL - EMERGING POWERS

Mr.conf.univ.dr. Dorel BUE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Brazilia este considerat, la nivel internaional, o putere emergent datorit contingentului populaional i a creterii rapide a economiei din ultimii ani. Brazil is considered an emerging power at international level because of its rapidly growing population and economy in recent years.

Cuvinte cheie: putere emergent; biodiversitate; dezvoltare durabil; actor global; surse de putere. Keywords: disasters emerging power; biodiversity; sustainable development; global player; power sources.

SARCINI DE BAZ ALE FORELOR PENTRU OPERAII SPECIALE N CONTEXTUL GEOPOLITIC ACTUAL

MAIN TASKS OF SPECIAL OPERATION FORCES IN THE CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT

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Col.drd. Ion-Viorel DIACONU Statul Major General La nceputul celui de-al treilea mileniu o imagine de ansamblu a lumii relev schimbri brute i neateptate, n direcii surprinztoare, generate, pe de o parte de competiiile pentru controlul resurselor strategice de petrol i gaz, minerale, energetice i pe de alt parte din ncercrile de a gsi soluii pentru a contracara efectele negative ale globalizrii. Extinderea spectrului riscurilor neconvenionale diversific tipologia riscurilor i conflictelor i genereaz multiple provocri care impun reacii rapide multidimensionale, bazate pe mobilitate, diversitate, coeren i complementaritate la nivel global. At the beginning of the third millennium, an overview of the world image reveals a world of sudden and unexpected changes, and even surprising directions oriented seizures, generated on the one hand, by competition for control of strategic resources-oil and gas, mineral ores and energy-fusionable ones etc. and access to, and on the other hand, attempts to identify solutions to mitigate the negative effects of globalization. Broadening the range of unconventional risk, diversifies the types of crises and conflicts and generates such multiple challenges that require quick and multidimensional reactions, based on mobility, diversity, coherence and complementarity, both in regional space and in the world. Cuvinte cheie: fore pentru operaii speciale; mediul internaional de securitate; rzboiul special. Keywords: special operations forces; international security environment; special warfare.

ROLUL ORGANIZAIILOR EUROPENE I EUROATLANTICE DE APRARE N ASIGURAREA SECURITII EUROPENE

THE ROLE OF EUROPEAN AND NORTH ATLANTIC DEFENCE ORGANIZATIONS TO PROVIDE EUROPEAN SECURITY
Col.drd. Aurel URSACHI Statul Major al Forelor Terestre Col.(r) drd. Rigu Valentin PETRE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

n Europa, UE i NATO rmn organizaii fundamental diferite, dar singurele care dispun de capaciti militare destinate asigurrii securitii acestui spaiu. Necesitatea cooperrii strnse ntre cele dou organizaii pentru asigurarea securitii europene, innd cont de faptul c 21 din cele 27 ri membre UE sunt i membre NATO, devine mai degrab o regul dect o excepie.

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In Europe, the EU and NATO remain fundamentally different types of organizations, bringing different strengths and resources to solve any given security problem. The necessity of deepened co-operation between these institutions, since 21 of the 27 member countries of the EU are also members of NATO, would become more a rule, rather than the exception.

Cuvinte cheie: UE; NATO; aprare; securitate european; cooperare UE-NATO. Keywords: EU; NATO; defence; european security; NATO-UE cooperations.

TENDINE N EVOLUIA CADRULUI JURIDICO-ADMINISTRATIV DE ORGANIZARE I FUNCIONARE A ORGANIZAIILOR EUROATLANTICE DE SECURITATE I APRARE

TRENDS IN EVOLUTION OF THE LEGALADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROATLANTIC SECURITY AND DEFENCE ORGANIZATIONS
Col.drd. Aurel URSACHI Statul Major al Forelor Terestre Organizaiile europene i euroatlantice din domeniul securitii i aprrii sunt supuse dreptului internaional i reprezint forme de cooperare ntre state avnd la baz acordul de voin al acestora, ca entiti suverane, i avnd ca scop i pe viitor meninerea unui cadru juridic-administrativ de funcionare i ndeplinirea unor obiective comune, n condiii de legitimitate deplin. ONU, OSCE, UE i NATO se constituie ca principali actori n gestionarea mediului de securitate internaional, global, european i regional. Modul i principiile de organizare a acestora, rolul, misiunile i instrumentele politicojuridice i militare de care dispun pentru asigurarea securitii se adapteaz permanent contextului n care lumea se reaaz geopolitic i geostrategic. Defense and security Euroatlantic organizations are subject to the international law, are forms of cooperation between states and will be based on their agreement, as sovereign entities, aimed at the future maintenance of a functional legal and administrative framework, and fulfillment of common objectives in terms of full legitimacy. UN, OSCE, EU and NATO are established as the main actors in managing international security at the global, European and regional scale. Method and principles of organization, roles, missions and legal political and military instruments that are permanently available should adapt to the security context of the new geopolitic and geostrategic world.

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Cuvinte cheie: UE, NATO, OSCE, ONU, trend, cadru juridicoadministrativ. Keywords: EU; NATO; OSCE; UN; trend, legal-administrative frame.

RELAIILE DE POLITIC EXTERN ALE MOLDOVEI DIN TIMPUL DOMNIEI LUI TEFAN CEL MARE (1457-1504) CU MARILE PUTERI VECINE (IMPERIUL OTOMAN, POLONIA I UNGARIA), VENEIA I STATUL PAPAL

MOLDAVIA'S FOREIGN AFFAIRS RELATIONS DURING THE REIGN OF STEPHEN THE GREAT (1457-1504) WITH THE GREAT NEIGHBORING POWERS (THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, POLAND AND HUNGARY), VENICE AND THE PAPAL STATE
Col.prof.univ.dr. Sorin PNZARIU Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Plt.adj. Vasile CONSTANTIN Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Domnia marelui tefan a dovedit o nelegere superioar a intereselor sale din acel moment, pe care le-a rezolvat n spiritul tendinelor fundamentale ale dezvoltrii istorice romneti. Dincolo de satisfacerea propriului deziderat dinastic, domnitorul Moldovei a demonstrat o mare capacitate de adaptare la cerinele situaiei interne i internaionale a momentului, aeznd la baza puterii sale politice adeziunea categoriilor mijlocii i inferioare ale societii. He showed a great understanding Stefan top of his interests at that time, you solved the fundamental trends of development in the spirit of Romanian history. Beyond meeting the goal of their own dynastic Ruler showed a great capacity to adapt to the requirements of domestic and international situation of the moment, putting his political power to the middle and lower adherence categories of society.

Cuvinte cheie: relaii internaionale; politic extern; ambasador; cretintate; tratat; coaliie. Keywords: international relations; foreign affairs; ambassador, christianity, treaty; coalition.

DOMENIILE RECONSTRUCIEI POSTCONFLICT

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POSTCONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION AREAS

Lt.col. Marian BAE Colegiul Naional de Aprare

Conflictele sunt mari ameninri la adresa securitii umane. Din acest motiv, comunitatea internaional a creat noi instrumente pentru a impune pacea, meninerea acestuia, dar i crearea condiiilor pentru ca aceste naiuni s se bucure de o pace durabil. Pentru a descrie aceste operaii, terminologia este divers, de la operaiile de meninere a pcii, la stabilitate, stabilizare sau reconstrucie. Conflicts are major threats to human security. For this reason, the international community has created new tools to enforce peace, maintaining it, but also creating conditions for these nations to enjoy lasting peace. To describe these operations, the terminology is diverse, ranging from peacekeeping operations, stability, stabilization and reconstruction.

Cuvinte cheie: conflict; postconflict; operaii; reconstrucie; stabilitate. Keywords: conflict; postconflict; operations; reconstruction; stability.

ACTIVITATEA POLITICO-DIPLOMATIC A LUI MIHAIL KOGLNICEANU

MIHAIL KOGLNICEANUS POLITICAL AND DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITIES

Prof.univ.dr. Constantin IORDACHE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Col. (r) drd. Rigu Valentin PETRE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Drd. Ladislau Levente KOBLE Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Mihail Koglniceanu a fost ministru de externe n 1876, ntre 28 aprilie i 24 iulie, i ntre 3 aprilie 1877, pn la 25 noiembrie 1878. ntre 1 aprilie 1880 i 12 noiembrie1881, el a reprezentat Romnia la Guvernul francez, ca ministru plenipoteniar. Aceste repere cronologice ale carierei sale n afaceri externe l prezint ca fiind personalitatea reprezentativ a vieii politice i sociale a Romniei n secolul al XIX-lea.

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Mihail Koglniceanu was the foreign minister in 1876, between 28th April and 24th July, and between April 3rd 1877, until 25th November 1878. Between 1st April 1880 and November 12th, 1881, he represented Romania as a minister plenipotentiary at the French Government. These chronological landmarks of his career in foreign affairs present him as the personality of the Romanian political and social life at the late 19th century.

Cuvinte cheie: Mihail Koglniceanu; Carol I; Tratatul de la Paris (1856); diplomaie; politic; Revoluia de la 1848. Keywords: Mihail Koglniceanu; Carol I; Treaty of Paris (1856); diplomacy; politics; Revolution of 1848.

ISTORIA MILITAR COMPONENT A ISTORIEI I A TIINEI MILITARE

MILITARY HISTORY A PART OF HISTORY AND MILITARY SCIENCE

Lt.col.dr. Filofteia REPEZ Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Istoria militar este o tiin de grani care analizeaz fenomenele militare de-a lungul evoluiei lor, innd cont de cerinele, regulile i metodele de studiu ale istoriei i de principiile, regulile i legile luptei armate studiate de tiina militar. Contribuia pe care Istoria militar o aduce la aprofundarea normelor, regulilor i principiilor de ducere a aciunilor militare este foarte important. Pe baza experienei din trecut putem evita multe greeli, activitile curente pot fi desfurate, iar cele viitoare pot fi proiectate. Military history is a border science that examines the phenomena military along their evolution, taking into account the requirements, rules and methods of study of the history and the principles, rules and laws of armed struggle that are studied by the military science. The contribution which military history brings to deepening the norms, rules, duction principles of military action is very important. Based on past experience we can avoid many mistakes, current activities can be conduct and future activities can be designed.

Cuvinte cheie: istorie militar; tiin militar; metode; surse; necesitate. Keywords: military history; military science; methods; sources; necessity.

INTERDISCIPLINARITATEA. PARADIGM A CERCETRII TIINIFICE DIN CADRUL UNIVERSITII NAIONALE DE APRARE CAROL I

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INTERDISCIPLINARITY. A PARADIGM OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WITHIN THE NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY CAROL I
Avocat dr. Valentin-Stelian BDESCU Baroul Bucureti

Sensurile conceptului de interdisciplinaritate i modalitile epistemologice ale exprimrii acesteia sunt, n chip necesar, multiple, i de aceea ar fi potrivnic spiritului tiinific ncercarea de eludare a diversitii ei operaionale n dezvoltarea cercetrilor contemporane i n aprofundarea relaiilor de colaborare a disciplinelor. Diversitatea conceptual, metodologic i operaional a interdisciplinaritii este pregnant ilustrat de interesante lucrri, fiecare aducnd o perspectiv original de abordare i de promovare a interdisciplinaritii, mpreun ele oferind o imagine expresiv a peisajului creativitii, nnoirii procesului de dezvoltare, specializare i ntreptrundere a tiinelor sociale i umane, de adncire a relaiilor lor cu tiinele naturii i cele tehnice. The meaning of the concept of interdisciplinarity and the epistemological ways of expressing it are multiple, and therefore, an attempt to avoid its operational diversity in the contemporary research development would be contrary to the scientific spirit. The conceptual, methodological and operational diversity is strikingly illustrated in interesting works, each bringing an original perspective and approach to promote the interdiscipliniarity, thus creating an expressive image regarding the process of development, specialization and twinning of the social and human sciences.

Cuvinte cheie: cercetare tiinific n domeniul militar; interdisciplinaritate; nvmnt militar; pace; conflict armat. Keywords: military scientific research; interdisciplinarity; military education; armed conflict.

PRINCIPIILE OPERAIILOR POSTCONFLICT DE RECONSTRUCIE

PRINCIPLES OF POSTCONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS

Lt.col. Marian BAE Colegiul Naional de Aprare

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Reconstrucia unui stat include, pe termen lung, refacerea instituiilor statului, reconstrucia civil i urmrirea unei dezvoltri ulterioare durabile i susinut cu toate instrumentele economiei de pia. De asemenea, trebuie reconstruite structurile i instituiile politice i, ceea ce este i mai important, trebuie refcut ncrederea ntre beligerani, ntre pri ale comunitii, ceea ce nu este uor de realizat. Reconstruction of a state includes long-term rebuilding of state institutions, civil reconstruction and subsequent pursuit of sustainable development with all the tools of a sustainable market economy. Also, political structures and institutions must be rebuilt and what is even more important, should restore confidence between the belligerents, between parts of the community, which is not an easy target.

Cuvinte cheie: conflict; postconflict; operaii; reconstrucie; stabilitate. Keywords: conflict; postconflict; operations; reconstruction; stability.

IMPORTANA STRATEGIILOR ANTICORUPIE N ASIGURAREA SECURITII NAIONALE

THE IMPORTANCE OF ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGIES IN NATIONAL SECURITY ASSESSMENT

Col.(r) prof.univ.dr.ing. Eugen SITEANU Universitatea Naional de Aprare "Carol I" Drd. Alina Nicoleta BRBNA Guvernul Romniei

Corupia i organizaiile crimei organizate transfrontaliere se vor dezvolta i i vor extinde aciunile lor din cauza haosului i lentorii n aplicarea msurilor prevzute n strategiile anticorupie. Iat de ce trebuie Romnia s fac progrese rapide n contracararea aciunilor de corupie de la toate nivelurile. The corruption and the organizations of transnational organized crime will develop and extend their activities due to chaos, and lethargy in applying measures of anticorruption strategies. This is why Romania must make a big progress in countering corruption at all levels.

Cuvinte cheie: corupie; strategii anticorupie; contracararea aciunilor de corupie; securitate. Keywords: corruption; anticorruption strategies; countering corruption actions; security.

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TEHNICI I METODE MODERNE UTILIZATE PENTRU EFICIENTIZAREA ACTIVITILOR ECONOMICO-FINANCIARE N PREVENIREA I COMBATEREA TERORISMULUI

MODERN MEANS TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES RELATED TO TERRORISM PREVENTION AND COMBAT
Drd. Claudia Maria PETER Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

nelegerea, cunoaterea i administrarea riscurilor contribuie la prevenirea apariiei fraudelor, a nregistrrii de pagube de ctre instituiile bancare, precum i la fenomenele de splare a banilor sau de finanare a terorismului. The understanding, the knowledge and the management of risks contribute to the prevention of frauds, less registered by the financial entities, money laundering or terrorism financing.

Cuvinte cheie: eficientizare, activiti economico-financiare, prevenire, administrarea riscurilor, splarea banilor, fraude bancare. Keywords: efficiency; economic and financial activities; risk management; money laundering; banking frauds.

NECESITATEA ASISTENEI PSIHOLOGICE N ARMATA ROMNIEI

THE NEED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE IN ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES

Drd. Carmen IRIMIA Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I Asistena psihologic a avut un istoric ndelungat, fiind desprins din asistena religioas, asimilat cnd preotului, cnd medicului, cnd psihiatrului. Totodat ea i creeaz propriul statut i rol n psihologia militar, relativ recent, din nevoia meninerii unui moral cu potenial ridicat de eficien direct proporional cu factorii de risc la care sunt supui militarii romni i armata n ansamblul ei, dar ca orice tiin la nceput de drum are nc destule ntrebri la care trebuie s rspund, pentru a soluiona problemele complexe specifice mediului militar, la nivel individual, de grup sau de organizaie, pe toate nivelele de profesionalizare, de la intrarea n organizaia militar prin selecie

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profesional, pe tot parcursul carierei, prin consiliere profesional i mai ales pentru participarea la misiuni n teritoriu i n afara lui. Psychological assistance has had a history of being removed from the religious one, assimilated either to the priest, the doctor, or the psychiatrist. Still, it creates its own status and role in military psychology, relatively recently, the need to maintain a high moral potential of efficiency in direct proportion to the risk factors to which they are subject to Romanian soldiers and army as a whole, but as any science on top of the road is still enough questions that must be held accountable in order to solve the complex problems of the military environment specific at the individual, group or organization, on all levels of vocational training, from entry into the Organization for the maintenance of professional military, throughout his career, through professional advice and especially for participation in missions in the territory and beyond.

Cuvinte cheie: stimuli; comportament; stres; anxietate; asistare psihologic. Keywords: stimuli; stress; anxiety; behavior; psychological assistance.

CRIZELE DIN NORDUL AFRICII I ORIENTUL MIJLOCIU ABORDARE COMPREHENSIV

CRISES FROM NORTH AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH

Cristina AVRAM Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Acest articol i propune aducerea n prim-plan a crizelor din lumea arab i Orientul Mijlociu, oferind o abordare cuprinztoare a evoluiei acestor crize precum i a factorilor interni i externi care au dus la producerea lor. This article aims to focus on the crises from the Arab world and Middle East, providing a comprehensive approach to their evolution and the internal and external factors that led to their production.

Cuvinte cheie: criz; Primvara arab; dictaturi sultanistice; lumea arab. Keywords: crisis; Arab Spring; sultanistic dictatorships; Arab world.

ROLUL COMITETULUI CADRELOR MILITARE FEMEI DIN FORELE NATO

THE ROLE OF THE COMMITTEE ON WOMEN IN THE NATO FORCES

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Mr.just.mil.drd. Adela VLCU Direcia pentru Management Resurse Umane Mediul de securitate internaional a devenit mult mai complex de la sfritul rzboiului rece, n prezent forele armate moderne fiind implicate n realizarea unor sarcini diferite. Ar putea lumea n care femeile se bucur de drepturi egale cu ale brbailor s fie mai sigur i mai stabil? Este dificil de spus, dar n cele din urm pacea, n cele mai multe zone cu probleme, depinde de acest rspuns secretarul general al NATO, Anders Fogh Rasmussen. The international security environment has become more complex at the end of the Cold War, and modern armed forces are currently involved in carrying out different tasks. Could the world where women have equal rights with men be more secure and stable? It is difficult to say, but ultimately peace, in most problem areas, depends on this answer NATO Secretary General, Anders Fogh Rasmussen Cuvinte cheie: NATO, Comitetul Cadrelor Militare Femei din Forele NATO, mediul de securitate internaional, operaii umanitare. Keywords: NATO, Committee on Women in the NATO Forces (CWINF), international security environment, NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives, humanitarian operations.

LUPTA MPOTRIVA TERORISMULUI N CONDIIILE NOILOR AMENINRI GLOBALE

FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM UNDER THE NEW GLOBAL THREATS

Subinsp.pol.drd. Alexandru Laureniu ANGHEL Inspectoratul General al Poliiei Romne

Acest articol prezint tendina terorismului actual i a rzboiului antiterorist dup moartea lui Osama Bin Laden. Jihadul global a nceput n anul 1998 dup instituirea Frontului Lumii Islamice pentru Jihadul mpotriva the Jews and Crusaders i lansarea rzboiului mpotriva SUA. Prezenta lucrare ncearc s realizeze o privire coerent i realist asupra situaiei lumii actuale, plecnd de la atacurile teroriste din 11 septembrie 2011 care au condus la invadarea Afganistanului. This article presents the current terrorist (Jihadist) and the war against terrorism after the death of Osama Bin Laden. The global Jihad started in 1998 after the foundation of World Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders and the launch of the war against USA. The present paper is trying a coherent and realistic view on the worlds current situation, departing from the 9/11 terrorist attacks that led to the invasion of Afghanistan.

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Cuvinte cheie: terorist; Jihad; Jihad global, rzboiul mpotriva terorismului; tendina terorist. Keywords: terrorist, Jihadist; global Jihad; war against terrorism, terrorist trend.

EVOLUIA I TENDINELE ARTILERIEI N PRIMUL RZBOI MONDIAL

THE EVOLUTION AND TRENDS OF THE FIELD ARTILLERY IN WORLD WAR I

Cpt. Drago Florin COARF Academia Tehnic Militar

Cele dou campanii desfurate, n anii 1916 1917, pe frontul romn au impus transformri eseniale ale artileriei terestre din armata Romniei (nzestrarea artileriei cu tunuri i obuziere tot mai moderne, pregtirea topografic a tragerilor, folosirea materialului de transmisiuni, mbuntirea metodelor i procedeelor de tragere, realizarea manevrelor de material i traiectorii), fcnd posibil obinerea victoriei n btliile de la Mrti, Mreti i Oituz. The two military campaigns from 1916-1917 on the Romanian front demanded essential transformation of the Romanian field artillery (the acquisition of modern cannons and howitzers, topographic preparation of fire, the use of modern signal equipment, the improvement of firing methods and procedures and the maneuver of the artillery material and trajectories), making possible the victory in Mrti, Mreti and Oituz battles. Cuvinte cheie: artileria terestr; nzestrarea artileriei; pregtirea topografic a tragerilor; metodele i procedeele de tragere; manevra de material i traiectorii. Keywords: field artillery; artillery acquisition; topographic preparation of fire; firing methods and procedures; artillery material and trajectories maneuver.

STRESUL POSTTRAUMATIC I INTERVENIA TERAPEUTIC POST-TRAUMATIC

POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS AND POST-TRAUMATIC THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION

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Drd. Carmen IRIMIA Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I O eventual perturbare a echilibrului psihic poate genera situaii stresante de pierdere a controlului situaiei i implicit, de compromitere a misiunii, expunnd individul la risc ridicat; pregtirea psihologic presupune identificarea strategiilor practice i eficiente de optimizarea a funciilor mentale n condiii nefavorabile de mediu, stres psihic, factorii personali perturbatori; dobndirea unor cunotine de prim ajutor psihologic (de recunoatere i contracarare a unor simptome de dezechilibrau psihic), dar mai ales evaluarea psihologic i alegerea terapiei optime. Disturbance of the balance of mentally stressful situations can result in loss of control of the situation and thus compromise the mission, exposing the individual at high risk; psychological preparation requires the identification of practical and effective strategies for optimizing the mental functions under adverse conditions of environmental stress factors as personal psychic, disruptive; the acquisition of knowledge of \"psychological first aid\" (reconnaissance and combat the symptoms of mental imbalance), but mostly psychological evaluation and selection of optimal therapy. Cuvinte cheie: tulburri comportamentale; anxietate; psihotic; psihotraumatism. Keywords: behavioral disorders; anxiety; psihotic; psihotraumatism.

ROLUL LUPTEI LUI MIHAI VITEAZUL PENTRU APRAREA CRETINTII

THE ROLE OF MICHAEL THE BRAVES FIGHT TO DEFEND CHRISTIANITY

Plt.adj.ist. Vasile CONSTANTIN Universitatea Naional de Aprare Carol I

Nu se poate nelege nimic din istoria lui Mihai Viteazul dac nu inem cont de aceste note spirituale: lupta lui n primul rnd pentru ideea cretin, pornit din adncul sufletului lui, care i-a narmat braul pentru toate ndrznelile i l-a fcut s cear rii i lui nsui jertfe ce preau de nendurat, contiina unei misiuni pentru ortodoxie, cavalerismul de boier i otean pus n slujba acestei lupte pentru aprarea cretintii. One cannot understand Michael the Brave if one does not take into account these spiritual landmarks: his fight in the first place for the Christian doctrine, his conscious of a mission for orthodoxy, his chivalry as Boyar and soldier put in the service of this struggle for the defence of Christianity.

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Cuvinte cheie: lig cretin; alian; emisar; sinod; cler; contiin. Keywords: Christian league; alliance; missionary; council; clergy; conscience.

MANAGEMENTUL SECURITII N REGIUNEA MRII NEGRE

MANAGEMENT OF SECURITY IN BLACK SEA AREA

Drd.ing.ec. Mihai Cosmin DUU SC PSV Company SA, Bucureti

Sub influena evenimentelor politice i militare, Marea Neagr s-a transformat ntr-o intersecie complicat de granie geopolitice i geoeconomice, devenind un punct strategic n rzboiul resurselor energetice. Securitatea energetic a Uniunii Europene, statutul de verig energetic a Mrii Negre (ntruct regiunea Mrii Negre reprezint o punte strategic care leag Europa cu zona Mrii Caspice) i proieciile de insecuritate n spaiul Mrii Negre constituie teme de maxim interes pentru securitatea european. Under the influence of political and military events, the Black Sea has converted into a complex crossing point of geopolitical and geo-economic borders, becoming a strategic point in the energetic resources conflict. The EU energy security, the Black Seas status as an energetic link (due to the fact that the Black Sea area constitutes a strategic bridge between Europe and the Caspian Sea area) and the insecurity fields in the Black Sea area represent several subjects of an uppermost interest for the European security.

Cuvinte cheie: managementul securitii; conflicte ngheate; cooperare economic. Keywords: management of security; freezing conflicts; economic cooperation.

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EDITURA UNIVERSITII NAIONALE DE APRARE CAROL I

Redactor: Laura MNDRICAN Tehnoredactor: Gabriela CHIRCORIAN ISSN on-line 2065 - 8281 Lucrarea conine 472 de pagini. Tipografia Universitii Naionale de Aprare Carol I" oseaua Panduri, nr. 68-72, sector 5, Bucureti e-mail: buletin@unap.ro Tel./Fax. 00-40-021-319.59.69; 00-40-021-319.48.80/0215; 0453

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