CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 43 : 2011/BTTTT
QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA
V THIT B V TUYN LU NG MT T
C NG TEN RI DNG CHO THOI TNG T
National technical regulation
on land mobile radio equipment having an antenna connector
intended primarily for analogue speech

H NI - 2011

Mc lc
1. QUY NH CHUNG......5
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh..5
1.2. i tng p dng...........................................................................................................5
1.3. Ti liu vin dn...5
1.4. Gii thch t ng..6
2. QUY NH K THUT..........................................................................................................7
2.1. Yu cu cho my pht..................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1. Sai s tn s ........................................................................................................... 7
2.1.2. Cng sut sng mang (dn) .......................................................................................... 8
2.1.3. Cng sut bc x hiu dng (cng trng) ........................................................... 8
2.1.4. lch tn s ................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.5. Cng sut knh ln cn ............................................................................................... 11
2.1.6. Pht x gi ................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.7. Suy hao xuyn iu ch .............................................................................................. 14
2.1.8. c im tn s qu ca my pht ........................................................................ 16
2.2. Yu cu cho my thu.....................................................................................................19
2.2.1. nhy kh dng cc i (dn) ................................................................................. 19
2.2.2. nhy kh dng cc i (cng trng) ............................................................ 20
2.2.3. Trit nhiu ng knh .................................................................................................. 21
2.2.4. chn lc knh ln cn ............................................................................................ 22
2.2.5. Trit p ng gi ......................................................................................................... 22
2.2.6. Trit p ng xuyn iu ch ...................................................................................... 24
2.2.7. Nght ........................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.8. Cc bc x gi............................................................................................................. 25
2.2.9. Yu cu cho my thu hot ng song cng ................................................................ 27
2.3. iu kin o kim, ngun in v nhit mi trng.............................................29
2.3.1. Cc iu kin o kim bnh thng v ti hn ............................................................ 29
2.3.2. Ngun in o kim ..................................................................................................... 29
2.3.3. Cc iu kin o kim bnh thng............................................................................. 29
2.3.4. Cc iu kin o kim ti hn .................................................................................... .30
2.3.5. Th tc o kim ti cc nhit ti hn ...................................................................... 30
2.4. Cc iu kin chung......................................................................................................31
2.4.1. iu ch o kim bnh thng .................................................................................... 31
2.4.2. ng ten gi................................................................................................................... 31
2.4.3. V tr o v cc b tr chung cho php o bc x ........................................................ 31
2.4.4. Chc nng tt t ng my pht ................................................................................. 31

2.4.5. B tr cc tn hiu o kim ti u vo my pht ......................................................... 32

2.4.6. B tr cc tn hiu o kim ti u vo my thu ........................................................... 32
2.4.7. Chc nng cm my thu ............................................................................................. 32
2.4.8. Cng sut u ra m tn biu kin ca my thu ......................................................... 32
2.4.9. o kim thit b c b lc song cng ................................................................ .. 32
2.5. khng m bo o....................................................................................................32
2.6. La chn thit b cho mc ch o kim......................................................................33
2.7. Gii thch kt qu o.33
3. QUY NH V QUN L...33
4. TRCH NHIM CA T CHC, C NHN.......................................................................34
5. T CHC THC HIN.......................................................................................................34
Ph lc A (Quy nh) o bc x35
Ph lc B (Quy nh) Cc quy nh v cch b tr cng sut knh ln cn..43
Ph lc C (Quy nh) Biu din bng th vic la chn thit b v tn s o kim...45

Li ni u
QCVN 43 : 2011/BTTTT c xy dng trn c s sot xt,
chuyn i Tiu chun Ngnh TCN 68 - 230: 2005 Thit b v
tuyn lu ng mt t c ng ten ri dng cho thoi tng t Yu cu k thut ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 28/2005/QBBCVT ngy 17/8/2005 ca B trng B Bu chnh, Vin
thng (nay l B Thng tin v Truyn thng).
Cc yu cu k thut v phng php o c xy dng trn
c s chp thun nguyn vn Tiu chun ETSI EN 300 086-1
V1.2.1 (2001-03), c tham kho thm cc ti liu EN 300 793,
ETR 028, ETR 273 ca Vin Tiu chun Vin thng chu u
(ETSI).
QCVN 43 : 2011/BTTTT do Vin Khoa hc K thut Bu in bin
son, V Khoa hc v Cng ngh trnh duyt v B Thng tin v
Truyn thng ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 26/2011/Q-BTTTT
ngy 04/10/2011 ca B trng B Thng tin v Truyn thng.

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V THIT B V TUYN LU NG MT T C NG TEN RI DNG CH
YU CHO THOI TNG T
National technical regulation
on land mobile radio equipment having an antenna connector intended primarily for
analogue speech
1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny lm s c cho vic chng nhn hp quy, cng b hp quy v o
kim thit b v tuyn lu ng mt t c ng ten ri dng cho thoi tng t.
Quy chun ny bao gm cc c tnh cn thit ti thiu trnh can nhiu c hi v
s dng thch hp cc tn s hin c.
Quy chun ny p dng cho cc h thng iu ch gc s dng trong dch v lu
ng mt t, hot ng ti cc tn s v tuyn gia 30 MHz v 1000 MHz, c
khong cch knh l 12,5 kHz v 25 kHz dng cho thoi tng t.
Quy chun ny p dng cho cc loi thit b sau:
- Trm gc: thit b c cm ng ten.
- Trm di ng: thit b c cm ng ten.
- Cc my cm tay:
a) C cm ng ten; hoc
b) Khng c cm ng ten (thit b ng ten lin) nhng c u ni RF
50 bn trong c nh hoc tm thi cho php kt ni n cng ra ca my pht v
cng vo ca my thu.
i vi loi thit b c nh ngha trong mc (b), phi thc hin nhng php o b
sung s dng ng ten ca thit b ni vi my (v khng s dng bt k u ni
no) sau y:
- Cng sut bc x hiu dng ca my pht;
- Pht x gi bc x ca my pht;
- nhy kh dng cc i ca my thu (cng trng);
- Pht x gi bc x ca my thu.
Quy chun ny khng p dng cho my cm tay khng c u ni RF bn ngoi hay
bn trong v khng c u ni RF 50 bn trong tm thi.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny c p dng i vi cc t chc, c nhn Vit Nam v nc ngoi
c hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh cc thit b thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Quy
chun ny trn lnh th Vit Nam
1.3. Ti liu vin dn

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

- Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March
1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the
mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE Directive).
- IEC 60489 - 3: Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile
services. Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions.
- ANSI C 63.5 (1998): American National Standard for Calibration of antennas
Used for Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Control Calibration of antennas (9 kHz to 40 GHz).
- ITU-T Recommendation O.41 (1994): Psophometer for use on telephone - type
circuits.
1.4. Gii thch t ng
1.4.1. Trm gc (base station)
Thit b v tuyn c cm ng ten s dng vi ng ten ngoi v v tr c nh.
1.4.2. Trm di ng (mobile station)
Thit b v tuyn lu ng c cm ng ten s dng vi ng ten bn ngoi,
thng c s dng trn mt phng tin vn ti hoc nh mt trm lu ng.
1.4.3. My cm tay (hand portable station)
Thit b v tuyn c cm ng ten, hoc ng ten lin, hoc c hai, thng c s
dng c lp, c th mang theo ngi hoc cm tay.
1.4.4. ng ten lin (integral antenna)
ng ten c thit k gn vo thit b m khng s dng u ni ngoi tr khng
50 v c coi l mt phn ca thit b. ng ten lin c th c gn c nh bn
trong hoc bn ngoi thit b.
1.4.5. iu ch gc (angle modulation)
L iu ch pha (G3) hoc iu ch tn s (F3).
1.4.6. Cc php o kim ton b (full tests)
o kim ton b tham s trong Quy chun k thut ny.
1.4.7. Cc php o kim hn ch (limited tests)
Cc php o kim hn ch bao gm:
- Sai s tn s ca my pht, theo 2.1.1;
- Cng sut sng mang ca my pht, theo 2.1.2;
- Cng sut bc x hiu dng ca my pht, theo 2.1.3, ch p dng cho thit b c
ng ten lin;
- Cng sut knh ln cn ca my pht, theo 2.1.5;
- nhy kh dng cc i ca my thu (dn), theo 2.2.1;
- nhy kh dng cc i ca my thu (cng trng), theo 2.2.2, ch p dng
cho thit b c ng ten lin;
- chn lc knh ln cn ca my thu, theo 2.2.4.

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

1.4.8.Cc php o dn (conducted measurements)
Cc php o c thc hin bng kt ni trc tip c tr khng 50 n thit b
cn o.
1.4.9. Cc php o bc x (radiated measurements)
Cc php o lin quan n gi tr tuyt i ca trng bc x.
1.5. Ch vit tt
SND/ND:

(Tn hiu + Tp m +
mo)/(Tp m + mo)

(Signal+Noise+Distortion)/

RF:

Tn s v tuyn

Radio Frequency

IF:

Trung tn

Intermediate Frequency

Tx:

My pht

Transmitter

Eo:

Cng trng chun

Reference Field Strength

Ro:

Khong cch chun

Reference Distance

(Noise+Distortion)

2. QUY NH K THUT
2.1. Yu cu cho my pht
2.1.1. Sai s tn s
2.1.1.1. nh ngha
Sai s tn s ca my pht l s chnh lch gia tn s sng mang cha iu ch
o c v tn s danh nh ca my pht.
2.1.1.2. Gii hn
Sai s tn s ca my pht khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 1 di
cc iu kin o kim bnh thng, ti hn hoc bt k cc iu kin trung gian no.
V cc l do thc t cc php o ch c thc hin trong cc iu kin o kim bnh
thng v ti hn nh 2.1.1.3.
Bng 1 - Sai s tn s
Khong cch
knh, kHz

Gii hn sai s tn s, kHz

< 47 MHz

T 47 MHz
n 137 MHz

Trn 137 MHz

n 300 MHz

Trn 300 MHz

n 500 MHz

Trn 500 MHz

n 1000 MHz

25

0,6

1,35

2,5 (a)

12,5

0,6

1 (B)

1 (B)

1,5 (M)

1,5 (a) (M)

Khng xc
nh

CH THCH:
- B: Trm gc
- M: Trm di ng hoc my cm tay
- (a) i vi my cm tay c ngun bn trong, sai s tn s khng c vt qu trong di nhit t 00C n
+300C.
Trong cc iu kin nhit ti hn, sai s tn s khng c vt qu 2,5 kHz cho khong cch knh 12,5
kHz t tn s 300 MHz n 500 MHz, v 3 kHz cho khong cch knh 25 kHz t tn s 500 MHz n 1000 MHz.

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

2.1.1.3. Phng php o
Ni my pht vi mt b suy hao cng sut 50 , o tn s sng mang cha iu
ch.
Php o cn c thc hin trong cc iu kin o bnh thng, mc 2.3.3 v c lp
li trong cc iu kin o ti hn, p dng ng thi c 2.3.4.1 v 2.3.4.2.
2.1.2. Cng sut sng mang (dn)
Cc nh qun l cng b cng sut u ra ca my pht cc i/cng sut bc x
hiu dng; y c th l iu kin cp php.
Nu thit b c thit k hot ng vi nhiu cng sut sng mang khc nhau,
th cng sut biu kin i vi mi mc hoc di cc mc phi c nh sn xut
qui nh. Ngi s dng khng th iu chnh cng sut ny.
Ti tt c cc mc cng sut m my pht hot ng thit b phi p ng tt c cc
yu cu trong Quy chun ny. Thc t, cc php o c thc hin ch ti mc cng
sut thp nht v cao nht ca my pht.
2.1.2.1. nh ngha
Cng sut sng mang (dn) ca my pht l cng sut trung bnh a n ng ten
gi trong mt chu k tn s v tuyn khi cha iu ch.
Cng sut u ra biu kin l cng sut sng mang (dn) ca thit b c nh sn
xut cng b.
2.1.2.2. Gii hn
Trong cc iu kin o kim bnh thng cng sut u ra ca sng mang (dn)
phi nm trong khong 1,50 dB ca cng sut u ra biu kin.
Ngoi ra, cng sut u ra ca sng mang (dn) khng c vt qu gi tr ln
nht c nh qun l cho php.
Trong cc iu kin o kim ti hn cng sut u ra ca sng mang (dn) phi nm
trong khong +2,0 dB v -3,0 dB ca cng sut u ra biu kin.
2.1.2.3. Phng php o
Ni my pht vi mt b suy hao cng sut tr khng 50 , o cng sut pht n
ng ten gi.
Php o c thc hin trong cc iu kin o kim bnh thng, theo 2.3.3 v
trong cc iu kin o kim ti hn, p dng ng thi c 2.3.4.1 v 2.3.4.2.
2.1.3. Cng sut bc x hiu dng (cng trng)
Php o ny ch p dng cho thit b khng c u ni ng ten 50 bn ngoi.
2.1.3.1. nh ngha
Cng sut bc x hiu dng l cng sut bc x theo hng cng trng cc
i trong cc iu kin o c qui nh, cha iu ch.
Cng sut bc x hiu dng biu kin l cng sut bc x hiu dng ca thit b
c nh sn xut cng b.
2.1.3.2. Gii hn
Cng sut bc x hiu dng trong iu kin o kim bnh thng phi nm trong
khong 7,5 dB ca cng sut bc x hiu dng biu kin.

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Ngoi ra, cng sut bc x hiu dng khng c vt qu gi tr ln nht c
nh qun l cho php.
Ch thc hin cc php o cng sut bc x hiu dng trong cc iu kin o kim
bnh thng.
2.1.3.3. Phng php o
Ti mt v tr o c la chn theo Ph lc A, phi t thit b trn mt ct
khng dn in cao qui nh, ti v tr gn nht vi v tr s dng bnh thng do
nh sn xut cng b.
ng ten o kim phi c nh hng theo phn cc dc v chiu di ca ng ten
o kim c chn ph hp vi tn s ca my pht.
Ni u ra ca ng ten o kim vi my thu o.
Bt my pht, ch cha iu ch, iu chnh tn s ca my thu o n tn s
ca my pht cn o.
iu chnh cao ca ng ten o kim trong mt di cao qui nh cho n khi
my thu o thu c mc tn hiu cc i.
Sau quay my pht 3600 trong mt phng nm ngang cho n khi my thu o thu
c tn hiu cc i.
Ghi li mc tn hiu cc i m my thu o thu c.
Thay my pht bng mt ng ten thay th nh c nh ngha trong mc A.1.5.
ng ten thay th c nh hng theo phn cc dc v iu chnh chiu di ca
ng ten thay th ph hp vi tn s ca my pht.
Ni ng ten thay th vi mt b to tn hiu c ng chnh.
iu chnh b suy hao u vo ca my thu o lm tng nhy ca my thu o.
iu chnh cao ca ng ten o kim ny trong mt di cao qui nh m
bo thu c tn hiu cc i.
iu chnh mc tn hiu u vo n ng ten thay th sao cho mc tn hiu c
my thu o ch th bng vi mc tn hiu c ghi nh khi o cng sut bc x
ca my pht, chnh theo s thay i b suy hao u vo ca my thu o.
Ghi li mc u vo ng ten thay th l mc cng sut, c chnh theo s thay
i b suy hao u vo ca my thu o.
Lp li php o vi ng ten o kim v ng ten thay th c nh hng theo phn
cc ngang.
Gi tr cng sut bc x hiu dng l gi tr ln hn trong hai mc cng sut
c ghi li, ti u vo ng ten thay th, chnh theo tng ch ca ng ten ny
nu cn.
2.1.4. lch tn s
lch tn s l s chnh lnh cc i gia tn s tc thi ca tn hiu tn s v
tuyn c iu ch v tn s sng mang cha iu ch.
2.1.4.1. lch tn s cho php cc i
2.1.4.1.1. nh ngha
lch tn s cho php cc i l gi tr lch tn s cc i quy nh cho mt
khong cch knh tng ng.

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

2.1.4.1.2. Gii hn
lch tn s cho php cc i i vi cc tn s iu ch t tn s thp nht
c thit b pht i (f1) (do nh sn xut qui nh) n tn s (f2) c cho trong
Bng 2.
Bng 2 - lch tn s cho php cc i
Khong cch knh, kHz

lch tn s cho php cc i, kHz

12,5

2,5

25

5,0

2.1.4.1.3. Phng php o

Ni my pht vi mt b suy hao cng sut tr khng 50 , o lch tn s ti u
ra ca my pht bng mt b lch k c kh nng o c lch tn cc i, bao
gm lch do cc thnh phn xuyn iu ch v cc hi c th c to ra trong
my pht.
Tn s iu ch phi thay i gia tn s thp nht c cho l ph hp v tn s 3
kHz.
CH THCH: 2,55 kHz i vi my pht c khong cch knh l 12,5 kHz.

Mc ca tn hiu o kim ny ln hn mc iu ch o kim bnh thng l 20 dB.

2.1.4.2. p ng ca my pht i vi cc tn s iu ch ln hn 3 kHz
2.1.4.2.1. nh ngha
p ng ca my pht i vi cc tn s iu ch ln hn 3 kHz l lch tn s
lin quan ti cc tn s iu ch ln hn 3 kHz.
CH THCH: 2,55 kHz i vi my pht c khong cch knh l 12,5 kHz.

2.1.4.2.2. Gii hn
lch tn s ti cc tn s iu ch gia 3,0 kHz (cho cc thit b c khong cch
knh 25 kHz) hoc 2,55 kHz (cho cc thit b c khong cch knh 12,5 kHz) v 6,0
kHz khng c vt qu lch tn s ti tn s iu ch 3,0 kHz/2,55 kHz. Ti tn
s iu ch 6 kHz lch tn s khng c ln hn 30% lch tn s cho php
cc i.
lch tn s ti cc tn s iu ch gia tn s 6,0 kHz v tn s bng vi khong
cch knh m thit b s dng, khng c vt qu gi tr do ng tuyn tnh th
hin lch tn s (dB) so vi tn s iu ch, bt u ti tn s gii hn
6 kHz v c dc l -14 dB/octave to ra. Cc gi tr gii hn ny c minh ha
trong Hnh 1.

10

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

MPFD
A

30%
MPFD

-14
dB/o
ct

-14
dB/o
ct

f1

f2

lch tn s

6 kHz

fcs

Tn s m tn

Cc ch vit tt:
f1 : Tn s thp nht
f2 : 3,0 kHz (cho khong cch knh 25 kHz), hoc 2,55 kHz (cho khong cch knh 12,5 kHz)
MPFD : lch tn s cho php cc i.
A : lch tn s o c ti f2
fcs : Gi tr tn s bng vi khong cch knh.

Hnh 1 - lch tn s
2.1.4.2.3. Phng php o
My pht phi hot ng trong cc iu kin o kim bnh thng, theo 2.3.3, v
c ni vi lch k qua mt b suy hao cng sut tr khng 50 .
My pht phi c iu ch o kim bnh thng, theo 2.4.1.
Vi mt mc tn hiu iu ch u vo khng i, tn s iu ch phi thay i gia
tn s 3 kHz v tn s bng mt khong cch knh m thit b hot ng.
CH THCH : 2,55 kHz i vi my pht c khong cch knh 12,5 kHz.

o lch tn s bng lch k.

2.1.5. Cng sut knh ln cn
2.1.5.1. nh ngha
Cng sut knh ln cn l mt phn ca tng cng sut li ra ca my pht trong
iu kin iu ch bit ri vo mt bng thng xc nh c tn s trung tm l tn
s danh nh ca mt trong cc knh ln cn.
Cng sut ny l tng cng sut trung bnh do iu ch, ting v tp m ca my
pht gy ra.
2.1.5.2. Gii hn
i vi khong cch knh 25 kHz, cng sut knh ln cn khng c ln hn cng
sut sng mang ca my pht tr i 70,0 dB, v khng cn phi thp hn 0,20 W.
i vi khong cch knh 12,5 kHz, cng sut knh ln cn khng c ln hn
cng sut sng mang ca my pht tr i 60,0 dB, v khng cn phi thp hn 0,20
W.

11

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

2.1.5.3. Phng php o
Cng sut knh ln cn c o bng mt my thu o cng sut, my thu o cng
sut ny phi tun th cc yu cu c cho trong ph lc B, trong phn ny c
gi l my thu.
a) My pht phi hot ng ti cng sut sng mang c xc nh trong 2.1.2 trong
cc iu kin o kim bnh thng.Ni u ra ca my pht n u vo ca
"my thu" qua mt b suy hao cng sut tr khng 50 , m bo rng tr
khng n my pht l 50 , v mc ti u vo ca "my thu" l ph hp.
b) Vi my pht cha c iu ch, phi iu chnh tn s "my thu" sao cho t
c p ng cc i. y l mc chun 0 dB. Phi ghi li thng s thit lp ca
b suy hao bin i ca my thu v gi tr ca b ch th rms. Nu khng c c
sng mang cha iu ch, th php o s c thc hin vi my pht c iu
ch o kim bnh thng, xem 2.4.1, phi ghi li iu kin o kim trong bo co
o.
c) iu chnh tn s ca my thu ln hn tn s sng mang sao cho p ng -6 dB
ca my thu gn vi tn s sng mang ca my pht nht xut hin ti v tr
cch tn s sng mang danh nh nh trong Bng 3.
Bng 3 - Khong dch chuyn tn s
Khong cch knh,
kHz

rng bng tn
cn thit qui nh, kHz

Khong dch tn s
t im -6 dB, kHz

12,5

8,4

8,25

25

16

17

d) My pht c iu ch bi mt tn hiu o kim 1250 Hz ti mt mc tn hiu

cao hn mc tn hiu to ra lch tn bng 60% lch tn cho php cc i l
20 dB, theo 2.1.4.2.
e) iu chnh b suy hao ca my thu t c cng gi tr c nh trong bc
b) hoc theo mt quan h bit vi gi tr c c ti bc b).
f) T s gia cng sut knh ln cn v cng sut sng mang l chnh lch gia
hai gi tr ca b suy hao bin i ca my thu trong hai bc b) v e), c
chnh theo bt k s khc nhau no trong cch c b ch th gi tr rms.
Lp li php o vi tn s ca my thu c iu chnh thp hn tn s ca sng
mang sao cho p ng -6 dB ca my thu gn nht vi tn s sng mang ca my
pht xut hin ti v tr cch tn s sng mang danh nh nh trong Bng 3 .
2.1.6. Pht x gi
2.1.6.1. nh ngha
Pht x gi l cc pht x ti cc tn s khc vi tn s ca sng mang v cc di
bin khi iu ch o kim bnh thng. Mc ca pht x gi c o nh:
hoc:
a) Mc cng sut ca pht x gi vi ti xc nh (pht x gi dn); v
b) Cng sut bc x hiu dng ca pht x gi khi b bc x bi v my v cu trc
ca thit b (bc x v my); hoc
c) Cng sut bc x hiu dng ca pht x gi khi b bc x bi v my v ng ten
lin, trong trng hp my cm tay c ng ten lin v khng c u ni RF bn
ngoi.

12

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

2.1.6.2. Gii hn
Cng sut ca mt pht x gi bt k khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong
Bng 4 v Bng 5.
Bng 4 - Pht x dn
Trn 1 n 4 GHz hoc
Di tn s

T 9 kHz n 1 GHz

Trn 1 n 12,75 GHz

Tx, trng thi hot ng

0,25 W (-36,0 dBm)

1,00 W (-30,00 dBm)

Tx, trng thi ch

2,0 nW (-57,0 dBm)

20,0 nW (-47,0 dBm)

Bng 5 - Pht x bc x
Di tn s

T 30 MHz n 1 GHz

T 1 GHz n 4 GHz

Tx, trng thi hot ng

0,25 W (-36,0 dBm)

1,00 W (-30,00 dBm)

Tx, trng thi ch

2,0 nW (-57,0 dBm)

20,0 nW (-47,0 dBm)

Trong trng hp cc php o bc x cho my cm tay, p dng cc iu kin o

sau y:
- My c ng ten lin bn trong: ni n mt ng ten bnh thng.
- My c cm ng ten bn ngoi: ni mt ti gi n cm ny.
2.1.6.3. Phng php o mc cng sut vi ti xc nh
Phng php o ny ch p dng cho thit b c u ni ng ten bn ngoi.
Ni my pht vi mt b suy hao cng sut tr khng 50 .
u ra ca b suy hao cng sut c ni vi mt my thu o.
Bt my pht ch khng iu ch, iu chnh tn s ca my thu o kim, ph
lc A, trong di tn s t 9 kHz n 4 GHz cho cc thit b hot ng cc tn s
thp hn 470 MHz, hoc trong di tn s t 9 kHz n 12,75 GHz cho thit b hot
ng cc tn s ln hn 470 MHz.
Ti mi tn s pht hin c pht x gi, ghi li mc cng sut l mc pht x gi dn
pht n mt ti xc nh, ngoi tr tn s ca knh my pht ang hot ng v tn
s ca cc knh ln cn.
Php o s c lp li vi my pht ch ch.
2.1.6.4. Phng php o cng sut bc x hiu dng
Phng php o ny ch p dng cho thit b c u ni ng ten bn ngoi.
Ti mt v tr o c la chn theo Ph lc A, phi t thit b trn mt ct
khng dn ti mt cao qui nh v ti v tr gn nht vi v tr s dng bnh thng
c nh sn xut cng b.
u ni ng ten ca my pht c ni n mt ng ten gi, theo 2.4.2.
ng ten o kim phi c nh hng theo phn cc dc v chiu di ca ng ten
o kim c chn ph hp vi tn s tc thi ca my thu o.
Ni u ra ca ng ten o kim n my thu o.

13

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

My pht c bt ch khng iu ch v iu chnh tn s ca my thu o
trong di tn s t 30 MHz n 4 GHz, ngoi tr tn s ca knh my pht ang
hot ng v tn s ca cc knh ln cn.
Ti mi tn s pht hin c thnh phn pht x gi, iu chnh cao ca ng ten o
kim trong mt di cao qui nh cho n khi my thu o thu c mc tn hiu
cc i.
Sau quay my pht 3600 trong mt phng nm ngang, cho n khi my thu o thu
c mc tn hiu cc i.
Ghi li mc tn hiu cc i m my thu o thu c.
Thay my pht bng mt ng ten thay th nh c xc nh trong mc A.1.5.
ng ten thay th c nh hng theo phn cc dc v iu chnh chiu di ca
ng ten thay th ph hp vi tn s ca thnh phn pht x gi thu c.
Ni ng ten thay th vi mt b to tn hiu c ng chnh.
t tn s ca b to tn hiu bng tn s ca thnh phn pht x gi thu c.
Khi cn thit, c th iu chnh b suy hao u vo ca my thu o lm tng
nhy ca my thu o.
iu chnh cao ca ng ten o kim trong di cao qui nh m bo thu
c tn hiu cc i.
iu chnh tn hiu u vo ng ten thay th n mc sao cho mc tn hiu m my
thu o ch th bng vi mc tn hiu c ghi nh khi o thnh phn pht x,
c chnh theo s thay i b suy hao u vo ca my thu o.
Ghi li mc tn hiu u vo ng ten thay th l mc cng sut, chnh theo s
thay i b suy hao u vo ca my thu o.
Lp li php o vi ng ten o kim v ng ten thay th nh hng theo phn cc
ngang.
Gi tr cng sut bc x hiu dng ca cc thnh phn pht x gi l gi tr ln hn
trong hai mc cng sut c ghi li cho mi thnh phn pht x gi ti u vo
ng ten thay th, chnh theo tng ch ca ng ten nu cn.
Php o c lp li khi my pht trng thi ch.
2.1.6.5. Phng php o cng sut bc x hiu dng
Php o ny ch p dng cho thit b khng c u ni ng ten bn ngoi.
Phng php o ging nh 2.1.6.4, ngoi tr u ra ca my pht c ni vi ng
ten lin ch khng ni vi ng ten gi.
2.1.7. Suy hao xuyn iu ch
Yu cu ny ch p dng cho cc my pht c s dng ti cc trm gc
(c nh).
2.1.7.1. nh ngha
Suy hao xuyn iu ch l kh nng ca my pht trnh c hin tng to ra tn
hiu trong cc thnh phn phi tuyn do s c mt ca sng mang v mt tn hiu
nhiu i vo my pht qua ng ten.
Suy hao xuyn iu ch c xc nh l t s gia mc cng sut ca hi bc ba
vi mc cng sut ca sng mang, tnh theo dB.

14

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

2.1.7.2. Gii hn
C hai dng suy hao xuyn iu ch, thit b phi p ng mt trong cc yu cu
sau:
- T s suy hao xuyn iu ch phi ti thiu l 40,0 dB cho bt k mt thnh phn
xuyn iu ch no.
- i vi cc trm gc s dng trong cc iu kin dch v c bit (v d ti cc v tr
c nhiu my pht ang hot ng) th t s suy hao xuyn iu ch phi ti thiu l
70,0 dB.
2.1.7.3. Phng php o

My pht
cn o

B ghp
c hng
50

10 dB

50

20 dB

Ngun tn hiu
o kim nhiu

Kt cui 50
My
phn tch ph

B suy hao 50

Hnh 2 - B tr php o
B tr php o nh trong Hnh 2.
Ni my pht n b suy hao cng sut 10 dB tr khng 50 v n my phn tch
ph qua mt b ghp c hng. C th b sung thm mt b suy hao gia b ghp
c hng v my phn tch ph trnh qu ti cho my phn tch ph.
Ni my pht cn o vi b suy hao cng sut 10 dB bng mt kt ni ngn nht
lm gim nh hng cc li khng phi hp.
Ni ngun tn hiu o kim nhiu vi u kia ca b ghp c hng qua mt b suy
hao cng sut 20 dB 50 .
Ngun tn hiu o kim nhiu c th l hoc:
- Mt my pht c u ra cng sut ging vi my pht cn o v c dng tng t
my pht cn o, hoc
- Mt b to tn hiu v mt b khuch i cng sut tuyn tnh c kh nng pht
cng sut u ra ging vi my pht cn o.
B ghp c hng phi c suy hao xen nh hn 1 dB, c rng bng tn v h
s nh hng ln hn 20 dB.
Phn cch vt l gia my pht cn o v ngun tn hiu o kim sao cho php o
khng b nh hng ca bc x trc tip.
My pht cn o ch khng iu ch, iu chnh my phn tch ph c c
ch th cc i vi rng di qut tn s 500 kHz.
Ngun tn hiu o kim nhiu cng ch khng iu ch c tn s ln hn tn
s ca my pht cn o t 50 kHz n 100 kHz.
Chn tn s ca ngun tn hiu nhiu sao cho cc thnh phn xuyn iu ch o
c khng b trng vi cc thnh phn gi khc.

15

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

u ra cng sut ca ngun tn hiu o kim nhiu phi c iu chnh n mc
cng sut sng mang ca my pht cn o bng cch s dng mt my o cng
sut.
o thnh phn xuyn iu ch bng cch quan st trc tip trn my phn tch ph,
ghi li t s ca thnh phn xuyn iu ch bc ba ln nht vi mc sng mang.
Lp li php o ny vi tn s ca ngun tn hiu o kim nhiu nh hn tn s ca
my pht cn o t 50 kHz n 100 kHz.
2.1.8. c im tn s qu ca my pht
2.1.8.1. nh ngha
c im tn s qu ca my pht l s bin thin theo thi gian ca chnh lch
tn s so vi tn s danh nh ca my pht khi cng sut u ra RF c bt v
tt.
ton: theo php o m t 2.1.8.3, thi im bt ca my pht c xc nh theo
trng thi khi cng sut u ra, o ti cng ng ten, vt qu 0,1% cng sut danh
nh.
t1: khong thi gian bt u ti ton v kt thc ti thi im cho trong Bng 6.
t2: khong thi gian bt u ti thi im kt thc t1 v kt thc ti thi im cho
trong Bng 6.
toff: thi im tt my c xc nh theo trng thi khi cng sut u ra my pht
gim xung di 0,1% ca cng sut danh nh.
t3: khong thi gian kt thc ti toff v bt u ti thi im cho trong Bng 6.
2.1.8.2. Gii hn
Cc chu k qu c cho trong Bng 6 v biu din trong Hnh 4.
Bng 6 - Chu k qu
T 30 MHz
n 300 MHz

Trn 300 MHz

n 500 MHz

Trn 500 MHz

n 1000 MHz

t1, ms

5,0

10,0

20,0

t2, ms

20,0

25,0

50,0

t3, ms

5,0

10,0

10,0

Trong chu k t1 v t3 chnh lch tn s khng c vt qu gi tr bng mt

khong cch knh.
Trong chu k t2 chnh lnh tn s khng c vt qu gi tr bng
1/2 khong cch knh.
Trong trng hp cc my cm tay, c cng sut u ra ca my pht nh hn 5 W,
lch tn s trong khong t1 v t3 c th ln hn mt khong cch knh. th tn
s theo thi gian tng ng trong khong t1 v t3 phi c ghi li trong bo co o.
2.1.8.3. Phng php o
B tr php o nh trong Hnh 3.

16

My pht
cn o

B suy hao 50

Mch phi hp

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

(ad)
B phn bit
(fd)
o kim

B to
tn hiu

My hin sng
c nh

Hnh 3 - B tr php o
a hai tn hiu n b phn bit o kim qua mch phi hp, theo 2.4.6.
Ni my pht vi b suy hao cng sut tr khng 50 .
Ni u ra ca b suy hao cng sut vi b phn bit o kim qua mt u vo ca
mch phi hp.
Ni b to tn hiu o kim vi u vo th hai ca mch phi hp.
iu chnh tn hiu o kim n tn s danh nh ca my pht.
Tn hiu o kim c iu ch bi mt tn s 1 kHz vi lch bng gi tr ca
khong cch knh tng ng.
iu chnh mc tn hiu o kim bng 0,1% cng sut my pht cn o ti u vo
ca b phn bit o kim. Mc tn hiu ny s c duy tr trong sut qu trnh o.
Ni u ra lch tn (fd) v lch bin (ad) ca b phn bit o kim vi mt my hin
sng c nh.
t my hin sng c nh hin th knh tng ng vi u vo lch tn (fd) c
lch tn s lch tn s ca mt knh, bng vi khong cch knh tng ng,
t tn s danh nh.
t tc qut ca my hin sng c nh l 10 ms/ mt chia (div), v thit lp
sao cho chuyn trng thi xy ra 1 chia (div) t mp bn tri mn hnh.
Mn hnh s hin th tn hiu o kim 1 kHz mt cch lin tc.
Sau t my hin sng c nh chuyn trng thi trn knh tng ng vi u
vo lch bin (ad) mc u vo thp, sn ln.
Sau bt my pht, khng iu ch, to ra xung chuyn trng thi v hnh nh
trn mn hnh hin th.
Kt qu thay i t s cng sut gia tn hiu o kim v u ra my pht s to ra
hai phn ring bit trn mn hnh, mt phn biu din tn hiu o kim
1 kHz, phn th hai biu din s thay i tn s ca my pht theo thi gian.
ton l thi im chn c hon ton tn hiu o kim 1 kHz.
Cc khong thi gian t1 v t2 c xc nh trong Bng 6 c dng xc nh
khun dng gii hn thch hp.
Trong khong thi gian t1 v t2, lch tn s khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho
trong 2.1.8.2.
Sau khi kt thc t2, lch tn s phi nm trong gii hn sai s tn s,
theo 2.1.1.2.
Ghi li kt qu lch tn s theo thi gian.
Vn bt my pht.

17

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

t my hin sng c nh chuyn trng thi trn knh tng ng vi u vo
lch bin (ad) mc u vo cao, sn xung v t sao cho chuyn trng thi xy
ra ti 1 chia (div) t mp bn phi ca mn hnh.
Sau tt my pht.
toff l thi im khi tn hiu kim tra 1 kHz bt u tng.
Khong thi gian t3 c cho trong Bng 6, t3 dng xc nh khun dng gii hn
thch hp.
Trong khong thi gian t3 lch tn s khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong
2.1.8.2.
Trc khi bt u t3, lch tn s phi nm trong gii hn ca sai s tn s, theo
2.1.1.2.
Ghi li kt qu lch tn theo thi gian.
Trng thi bt ton , t1 v t2
+ f = 1 khong
cch knh

+ f = 1/2 khong
cch knh

- Tn s
danh nh

- f = 1/2 khong
cch knh

ms

10
ton

t1

20

30

40

50

60

t2

18

70

80

90

- f = 1 khong
100
cch knh

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Trng thi tt t3, toff
+ f = 1 khong
cch knh

+ f = 1/2 khong
cch knh

- Tn s
danh nh

- f = 1/2 khong
cch knh

ms

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90
t3

- f = 1 khong
100
cch knh

toff

Hnh 4 - Quan st t1, t2, v t3 trn my hin sng

2.2. Yu cu cho my thu
2.2.1. nhy kh dng cc i (dn)
2.2.1.1. nh ngha
nhy kh dng cc i (dn) ca my thu l mc tn hiu cc tiu (e.m.f) ti u
vo my thu, ti tn s danh nh ca my thu, trong iu kin iu ch o kim bnh
thng, theo 2.4.1, mc tn hiu ny s to ra:
- Cng sut u ra tn s m tn ti thiu bng 50% cng sut u ra biu kin, mc
2.4.8, v
- T s SND/ND = 20 dB, o ti u ra ca my thu qua mt mch o tp m thoi
nh trong khuyn ngh CCITT O.41, sch 1984.
2.2.1.2. Gii hn
nhy kh dng cc i khng c vt qu gi tr sc in ng 6,0 dBV trong
cc iu kin o kim bnh thng, v gi tr sc in ng 12,0 dBV trong cc
iu kin o kim ti hn.
2.2.1.3. Phng php o t s SND/ND
Tn hiu o kim c tn s bng tn s danh nh ca my thu, c iu ch o
kim bnh thng, theo 2.4.1, c e.m.f bng 6 dBV, gi tr gii hn cho nhy kh
dng cc i, c a vo b kt ni u vo ca my thu.
u ra ca my thu c ni vi mt ti u ra m tn, mt my o SINAD v mt
mch o tp m thoi nh 2.2.1.1.
Nu c th, iu chnh cng sut ca my thu ti thiu bng 50% cng sut u ra
biu kin, theo 2.4.8, hoc trong trng hp iu chnh cng sut theo bc, th ti
bc u tin cng sut ra ti thiu bng 50% cng sut u ra biu kin.
Gim mc u vo ca tn hiu o kim cho n khi t s SND/ND = 20 dB.

19

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Mc u vo ca tn hiu o kim trong cc iu kin trn l gi tr nhy kh
dng cc i.
Thc hin php o trong cc iu kin o kim bnh thng, theo 2.2.3, lp li php
o trong cc iu kin o kim ti hn p dng ng thi c 2.2.4.1 v 2.2.4.2.
Di cc iu kin o kim ti hn, cng sut u ra m tn ca my thu phi nm
trong khong cng sut u ra m tn ca my thu di iu kin o kim bnh
thng 3 dB.
2.2.2. nhy kh dng cc i (cng trng)
Php o ny ch p dng cho cc thit b khng c u ni ng ten bn ngoi 50 .
2.2.2.1. nh ngha
nhy kh dng cc i ca my thu l cng trng nh nht xut hin ti v
tr ca my thu, ti tn s danh nh ca my thu, trong iu kin iu ch o kim
bnh thng, theo 2.4.1, nhy kh dng cc i phi tho mn cc yu cu ca
2.2.1.1.
2.2.2.2. Gii hn
nhy kh dng cc i khng c vt qu gi tr cng trng cho trong
Bng 7.
Bng 7 - Cng trng
Bng tn, MHz

Cng trng theo dB so vi 1 V/m

iu kin o kim bnh thng

30 n 100

14,0

100 n 230

20,0

230 n 470

26,0

470 n 1000

32,0

2.2.2.3. Phng php o

Ti v tr o, c la chn theo Ph lc A, t thit b trn mt tr khng dn ti
cao xc nh, c v tr gn nht vi v tr s dng bnh thng c nh sn xut
cng b.
ng ten o kim phi c nh hng theo phn cc dc v chiu di ca ng ten
o kim c chn theo tn s ca my thu.
u vo ca ng ten o kim c ni n mt b to tn hiu.
iu chnh tn s ca b to tn hiu n tn s ca my thu cn o v iu chnh
mc tn hiu u ra ca b to tn hiu bng 100 dBV.
B to tn hiu s c iu ch ch iu ch o kim bnh thng theo mc
2.4.1.
Loa/b chuyn i ca my thu c ghp vi mt ti u ra m tn, mt my o
SINAD v mt mch o tp m thoi theo 2.2.1.1 qua mt mch o m, b tr php
o theo A.3.3.1.
Nu c th, iu chnh cng sut ca my thu ti thiu bng 50% cng sut u ra
biu kin, mc 2.4.8, hoc trong trng hp hiu chnh tng bc, th ti bc u
tin cng sut ra ca my thu ti thiu bng 50% cng sut u ra biu kin.
Gim mc u ra ca tn hiu o kim cho n khi SND/ND = 20 dB.

20

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

iu chnh cao ng ten o kim trong mt di qui nh tm mc tn hiu o
kim thp nht, mc tn hiu ny to ra t s SND/ND = 20 dB.
Sau , quay my thu trong mt phng nm ngang 3600, tm mc tn hiu o
kim thp nht, mc tn hiu ny to ra t s SND/ND = 20 dB.
Duy tr mc tn hiu u vo ng ten o kim.
Thay my thu bng mt ng ten thay th nh trong mc A.1.5.
ng ten thay th c nh hng theo phn cc dc v chn di ca ng ten
thay th ph hp vi tn s ca my thu.
Ni ng ten thay th n my thu o c ng chnh.
iu chnh cao ca ng ten o kim trong khong cao xc nh m bo
thu c tn hiu cc i.
Ghi li mc tn hiu c o bng my thu o l cng trng theo dBV/m.
Lp li php o vi ng ten o kim v ng ten thay th c nh hng theo phn
cc ngang.
Gi tr nhy kh dng cc i ca my thu theo cng trng l gi tr nh
nht trong hai mc tn hiu c ghi li ti u vo ca my thu o, chnh theo
tng tch ca ng ten nu cn thit.
2.2.3. Trit nhiu ng knh
2.2.3.1. nh ngha
Trit nhiu ng knh l kh nng ca my thu thu tn hiu c iu ch mong
mun ti tn s danh nh m khng b suy gim qu mt ngng cho trc do s
c mt ca tn hiu c iu ch khng mong mun ti tn s danh nh ca my
thu.
2.2.3.2. Gii hn
Gi tr ca t s trit nhiu ng knh tnh theo dB, ti mt tn s bt k ca tn hiu
khng mong mun trong di tn s xc nh, phi nm gia:
-8,0 dB v 0 dB cho khong cch knh 25 kHz
-12 dB v 0 dB cho khong cch knh 12,5 kHz.
2.2.3.3. Phng php o
a hai tn hiu u vo n my thu qua mt mch phi hp, theo 2.4.6.
a tn hiu o kim c tn s danh nh ca my thu, c iu ch o kim bnh
thng, theo 2.4.1, c e.m.f bng 6 dBV, gi tr gii hn cho nhy kh dng cc
i, vo b kt ni u vo ca my thu qua mt u ca mch phi hp.
a tn hiu o kim gi nhiu c tn s danh nh ca my thu, c iu ch
bng tn s 400 Hz ti lch bng 60% lch tn s cho php cc i, theo
2.1.4.2, n b kt ni u vo my thu qua u vo th hai ca mch phi hp.
iu chnh bin ca tn hiu o kim gi nhiu cho n khi t s SND/ND ti u
ra ca my thu gim xung bng 14 dB.
Trit nhiu ng knh l t s gia mc tn hiu o kim gi nhiu v mc tn hiu
o kim mong mun ti u vo my thu theo dB. Ti gi tr trit nhiu ng knh
ny t s SND/ND gim xung bng 14 dB.
Ghi li t s ny.

21

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Lp li php o vi tn s ca tn hiu o kim gi nhiu c khong dch chuyn tn
s l 1500 Hz v 3000 Hz.
Trit nhiu ng knh l gi tr nh nht trong 5 kt qu o c ghi li.
2.2.4. chn lc knh ln cn
2.2.4.1. nh ngha
chn lc knh ln cn l kh nng ca my thu thu tn hiu c iu ch mong
mun ti tn s danh nh m khng b suy gim qu mt ngng cho do s c
mt ca mt tn hiu c iu ch khng mong mun trong knh ln cn.
2.2.4.2. Gii hn
Vi cc khong cch knh 25 kHz, chn lc knh ln cn khng c nh hn
70,0 dB trong iu kin o kim bnh thng, v khng c nh hn 60,0 dB trong
iu kin o kim ti hn.
Vi khong cch knh 12,5 kHz, chn lc knh ln cn khng c nh hn 60,0
dB trong iu kin o kim bnh thng, v khng c nh hn 50,0 dB trong iu
kin o kim ti hn.
2.2.4.3. Phng php o
a hai tn hiu vo my thu qua mt mch phi hp, mc 8.6.
a tn hiu o kim c tn s danh nh ca my thu, c iu ch o kim bnh
thng, mc 2.4.1, c e.m.f bng 6 dBV, gi tr gii hn cho nhy kh dng cc
i, vo b kt ni u vo ca my thu.
a tn hiu o kim gi nhiu, c tn s ln hn tn s danh nh ca my thu mt
khong cch knh, c iu ch bi tn s 400 Hz ti lch bng 60% lch
tn s cho php cc i, theo 2.1.4.2 n b kt ni u vo my thu qua u vo
th hai ca mch phi hp.
iu chnh bin ca tn hiu o kim gi nhiu cho n khi t s SND/ND ti u
ra ca my thu gim xung bng 14 dB.
chn lc knh ln cn l t s tnh theo dB gia mc tn hiu o kim gi nhiu
v mc tn hiu o kim mong mun ti u vo my thu. Ti gi tr ny t s
SND/ND bng 14 dB.
Ghi li t s ny.
Lp li php o vi tn s ca tn hiu o kim gi nhiu thp hn tn s danh nh
ca my thu mt khong cch knh.
Hai gi tr c ghi li l chn lc knh ln cn cao v thp.
Lp li php o trong cc iu kin ti hn, p dng ng thi 2.3.4.1 v 2.3.4.2 vi
bin ca tn hiu o kim mong mun c e.m.f bng 12 dBV.
2.2.5. Trit p ng gi
2.2.5.1. nh ngha
Trit p ng gi l kh nng ca my thu phn bit c tn hiu iu ch mong
mun ti tn s danh nh vi mt tn hiu khng mong mun ti bt k mt tn s
no c p ng thu.
2.2.5.2. Gii hn
Ti bt k tn s no cch tn s danh nh ca my thu ln hn mt khong cch
knh, t l trit p ng gi khng c nh hn 70,0 dB.

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

2.2.5.3. Gii thiu phng php o
S dng cc tnh ton sau y xc nh cc tn s ti c p ng gi
a) Tnh ton "di tn s gii hn"
Di tn s gii hn bng:
- Tn s tn hiu ca b dao ng ni (flo) c a n b trn u tin ca my
thu tng ca cc tn s trung tn (if1, ..., ifn) v mt na di tn cc knh ci t
sn (sr) ca my thu, xem Ph lc C.
Do :
- Di tn s gii hn = flo (if1+ if2+...+ ifn + sr/2)
b) Tnh cc tn s ngoi di tn s gii hn
Vic tnh ton cc tn s ti xut hin cc p ng gi bn ngoi di tn s
xc nh trong mc a) c thc hin cho phn cn ca di tn c quan tm, theo
2.2.5.4.
Cc tn s ngoi di tn s gii hn bng:
- Cc hi ca tn s tn hiu ca b dao ng ni (flo) c a n b trn u tin
ca my thu gi tr tn s trung tn th nht ca my thu;
Do :
- Tn s ca cc p ng gi ny = nflo if1
Trong n l s nguyn 2.
tnh ton a) v b), nh sn xut phi cng b tn s ca my thu, tn s tn hiu
ca b dao ng ni (flo) c a n b trn u tin ca my thu, cc tn s
trung gian (if1, if2...) v di tn cc knh ci t sn (sr) ca my thu.
2.2.5.3.1. Phng php tm kim trn di tn s gii hn
a hai tn hiu u vo n my thu qua mt mch phi hp, theo 2.4.6.
a tn hiu o kim mong mun c tn s danh nh ca my thu, c iu ch
o kim bnh thng, theo 2.4.1, c e.m.f bng 6 dBV, gi tr gii hn cho nhy
kh dng cc i, n b kt ni u vo ca my thu qua mt u vo ca mch
phi hp.
a tn hiu o kim gi nhiu c iu ch bng mt tn s 400 Hz c lch l
5 kHz, c e.m.f bng 86 dBV, n b kt ni u vo ca my thu qua u vo
th hai ca mch phi hp.
Tng dn dn tn s ca tn hiu o kim gi nhiu ln hn di tn s gii hn.
Cc bc tng tn s ca tn hiu o kim gi nhiu l 5 kHz.
Ghi li tn s ca bt k p ng gi no xut hin trong qu trnh tm kim s
dng cho cc php o tng ng trong 2.2.5.4.
2.2.5.4. Phng php o
a hai tn hiu u vo n my thu qua mt mch phi hp, theo 2.4.6.
a tn hiu o kim c tn s danh nh ca my thu, c iu ch o kim bnh
thng, theo 2.4.1, c e.m.f bng 6 dBV, gi tr gii hn cho nhy kh dng cc
i, vo b kt ni u vo ca my thu qua mt u ca mch phi hp.

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

a tn hiu o kim gi nhiu, c iu ch bng tn s 400 Hz c lch tn
bng 60% lch tn cho php cc i, theo 2.1.4.2, c e.m.f bng 86 dBV n b
kt ni u vo my thu qua u vo th hai ca mch phi hp.
Thc hin php o ti tt c cc tn s c p ng gi c tm thy trong qu trnh
tm kim trn di tn s gii hn, theo 2.2.5.3.1, v ti cc tn s cn li c p
ng gi trong di tn t 100 kHz n 2 GHz i vi thit b hot ng ti cc tn s
nh hn 470 MHz hoc trong di tn s t 100 kHz n 4 GHz i vi thit b hot
ng ti cc tn s ln hn 470 MHz.
Ti mi tn s c p ng gi, iu chnh mc u vo cho n khi t s SND/ND
gim xung cn 14 dB.
Trit p ng gi l t s gia mc tn hiu o kim gi nhiu v mc tn hiu o
kim mong mun ti u vo my thu theo dB. Ti gi tr ny t s SND/ND gim
xung bng 14 dB.
Ghi li t s ny l gi tr trit p ng gi cho mi p ng gi c tm thy.
2.2.6. Trit p ng xuyn iu ch
2.2.6.1. nh ngha
Trit p ng xuyn iu ch l kh nng ca my thu thu mt tn hiu c iu
ch mong mun ti tn s danh nh m khng b suy gim qu mt ngng cho
trc do s c mt ca nhiu tn hiu khng mong mun c quan h tn s xc nh
vi tn s tn hiu mong mun.
2.2.6.2. Gii hn
T s trit p ng xuyn iu ch khng c nh hn 70,0 dB i vi cc trm gc,
v khng c nh hn 65,0 dB i vi cc trm di ng v my cm tay.
2.2.6.3. Phng php o
a ba tn hiu u vo n my thu qua mt mch phi hp, theo 2.4.6.
a tn hiu o kim mong mun (A), c tn s danh nh ca my thu, c iu
ch o kim bnh thng, theo 2.4.1, c e.m.f bng 6 dBV, gi tr gii hn cho
nhy kh dng cc i, vo b kt ni u vo ca my thu qua mt u ca mch
phi hp.
a tn hiu o kim gi nhiu (B), c tn s ln hn tn s danh nh ca my thu
l 25 kHz, khng iu ch, n b kt ni u vo my thu qua u vo th hai ca
mch phi hp.
a tn hiu o kim gi nhiu (C), c tn s ln hn tn s danh nh ca my thu
l 50 kHz, c iu ch vi tn s 400 Hz ti lch tn bng 60% lch tn kh
dng cc i, theo 2.1.4.2, n b kt ni u vo my thu qua u vo th ba ca
mch phi hp.
iu chnh v duy tr bin ca cc tn hiu (B), (C) bng nhau cho n khi t s
SND/ND ti u ra ca my thu gim xung cn 14 dB.
Trit p ng xuyn iu ch l t s gia mc ca cc tn hiu o kim gi nhiu v
mc ca tn hiu o kim mong mun ti u vo ca my thu theo dB, ti gi tr ny
t s SND/ND gim xung bng 14 dB.
Ghi li t s ny.
Lp li php o vi tn s tn hiu (B) ln hn tn s danh nh ca my thu 50 kHz
v tn s ca tn hiu (C) ln hn tn s danh nh ca my thu l 100 kHz.

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Hai ln o m t trn s c lp li vi tn s ca cc tn hiu o kim gi nhiu
(B) v (C) thp hn tn s danh nh ca my thu tng ng l 25 kHz,
50 kHz v 50 kHz, 100 kHz.
2.2.7. Nght
2.2.7.1. nh ngha
Nght l s thay i (thng l suy gim) cng sut u ra m tn mong mun ca
my thu hoc l s suy gim t s SND/ND do mt tn hiu khng mong mun mt
tn s khc.
2.2.7.2. Gii hn
T l nght, i vi bt k tn s no nm trong di tn s xc nh, khng c nh
hn 84,0 dB , ngoi tr ti cc tn s c p ng gi, theo 2.1.5.
2.2.7.3. Phng php o
a hai tn hiu u vo n my thu qua mt mch phi hp, theo 2.4.6.
a tn hiu o kim mong mun, c tn s danh nh ca my thu, c iu ch
o kim bnh thng, theo 2.4.1, c e.m.f bng 6 dBV, gi tr gii hn cho nhy
kh dng cc i, n b kt ni u vo ca my thu qua mt u ca mch phi
hp.
Nu c th, iu chnh cng sut ca my thu ti thiu bng 50% cng sut u ra biu
kin, theo 2.4.8, hoc trong trng hp iu chnh theo bc, th ti bc u tin cng
sut u ra ca my thu ti thiu bng 50% cng sut u ra biu kin.
Mc u ra m tn t c phi c ghi nh.
a tn hiu o kim gi nhiu, khng iu ch, ti tn s cch tn s danh nh ca
my thu t 1 MHz n 10 MHz n b kt ni u vo my thu qua u vo th hai
ca mch phi hp.
V cc l do thc t nn thc hin cc php o ti tn s ca tn hiu o kim gi
nhiu xp x 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 5 MHz v 10 MHz.
iu chnh bin ca tn hiu o kim gi nhiu cho n khi:
- Mc u ra m tn ca tn hiu mong mun gim i 3 dB; hoc
- T s SND/ND ti u ra ca my thu gim n gi tr 14 dB.
Bt k iu kin no xy ra trc. Mc tn hiu ny phi c ghi nh.
Nght l t s gia mc tn hiu o kim gi nhiu v mc tn hiu o kim mong
mun ti u vo ca my thu theo dB, ti gi tr ny t s SND/ND gim xung bng
14 dB hoc mc u ra m tn gim i 3 dB.
Ghi li t s ny cho mi 8 mc c ghi nh.
2.2.8. Cc bc x gi
2.2.8.1. nh ngha
Bc x gi t my thu l cc thnh phn bc x ti bt k tn s no, b bc x bi
thit b v ng ten.
o mc ca cc bc x gi nh sau:
hoc
a) Mc cng sut ca cc bc x gi vi ti xc nh (pht x gi dn) v,

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

b) Cng sut bc x hiu dng ca cc bc x gi do bc x ca v my v cu trc
ca thit b (bc x v my); hoc,
c) Cng sut bc x hiu dng ca cc bc x gi do bc x ca v my v ng ten
lin, trong trng hp my cm tay c ng ten lin v khng c b kt ni RF bn
ngoi.
2.2.8.2. Gii hn
Cng sut ca bt k bc x gi no khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong cc
Bng 8 v 9.
Bng 8 - Cc thnh phn dn
Trn 1 GHz n 4 GHz
Di tn s
Gii hn

T 9 kHz n 1 GHz

Trn 1 GHz n 12,75 GHz

2,0 nW (-57,0 dBm)

20,0 nW (-47,0 dBm)

Bng 9 - Cc thnh phn bc x

Di tn s
Gii hn

T 30 MHz n 1 GHz

Trn 1 GHz n 4 GHz

2,0 nW (-57,0 dBm)

20,0 nW (-47,0 dBm)

Trong trng hp o bc x cho cc my cm tay, s dng cc iu kin o kim

sau y:
- My c ng ten lin bn trong: ni n mt ng ten bnh thng;
- My c cm ng ten bn ngoi: ni mt ti gi n cm ny.
2.2.8.3. Phng php o mc cng sut vi ti xc nh
Phng php o ny ch p dng cho thit b c u ni ng ten bn ngoi.
Ni my thu vi b suy hao tr khng 50 .
Ni u ra b suy hao vi my thu o.
Bt my thu, iu chnh tn s my thu o trong di tn s t 9 kHz n
4 GHz i vi thit b hot ng ti cc tn s nh hn 470 MHz, hoc trong di tn
s t 9 kHz n 12,75 GHz i vi thit b hot ng ti cc tn s ln hn
470 MHz.
Ti mi tn s pht hin c thnh phn bc x gi, mc cng sut c ghi li l
mc bc x gi pht n ti xc nh.
2.2.8.4. Phng php o cng sut bc x hiu dng
Phng php ny ch p dng cho thit b c u ni ng ten bn ngoi.
Ti mt v tr o c la chn theo ph lc A, t thit b trn mt tr khng dn
mt cao xc nh, ti v tr gn nht vi s dng bnh thng c nh sn
xut qui nh.
Ni b kt ni ng ten ca my thu n mt ng ten gi, theo 2.4.2.
ng ten o kim nh hng theo phn cc dc, chn chiu di ca ng ten o kim
ph hp vi tn s tc thi ca my thu o.
Ni u ra ca ng ten o kim n my thu o.

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Bt my thu, iu chnh tn s ca my thu o trong di tn s t 30 MHz n 4
GHz.
Ti mi tn s pht hin c thnh phn gi, iu chnh cao ca ng ten o kim
trong mt di cao qui nh cho n khi my thu o thu c mc tn hiu cc i.
Sau , quay my thu 3600 trong mt phng nm ngang cho n khi my thu o thu
c mc tn hiu cc i.
Mc tn hiu cc i m my thu o thu c phi c ghi nh.
Thay my thu bng mt ng ten thay th nh trong mc A.1.5.
ng ten thay th c nh hng theo phn cc dc, iu chnh chiu di ng ten
thay th ph hp vi tn s ca thnh phn gi thu c.
Ni ng ten thay th n mt b to tn hiu c ng chnh.
t tn s ca b to tn hiu c ng chnh n tn s ca thnh phn gi thu
c.
Nu cn thit, iu chnh b suy hao u vo ca my thu o lm tng nhy
ca my thu o.
iu chnh cao ng ten o kim trong mt di cao qui nh m bo thu
c tn hiu cc i.
iu chnh tn hiu u vo ng ten thay th n mt mc sao cho mc tn hiu m
my thu o ch th bng vi mc tn hiu c ghi nh khi o thnh phn gi,
chnh theo s thay i ca b suy hao u vo ca my thu o.
Ghi li mc u vo ng ten thay th l mc cng sut bc x gi, c chnh
theo s thay i b suy hao u vo ca my thu o.
Lp li php o vi ng ten o kim v ng ten thay th c nh hng theo phn
cc ngang.
Gi tr cng sut bc x hiu dng ca cc thnh phn gi l mc cng sut ln hn
trong hai mc cng sut ghi li ti u vo n ng ten thay th, chnh theo
tng ch ca ng ten nu cn.
2.2.8.5 Phng php o cng sut bc x hiu dng
Phng php ny ch p dng cho thit b khng c u ni ng ten bn ngoi.
Phng php thc hin php o ny nh trong 2.2.8.4, ngoi tr u vo my thu
c ni n ng ten lin m khng ni n ng ten gi.
2.2.9. Yu cu cho my thu hot ng song cng
Thu v pht ng thi.
Nu thit b c thit k hot ng song cng th phi thc hin cc php o b
sung sau m bo cho hot ng song cng.
Vi cc php o ny thit b phi c b lc song cng.
2.2.9.1. Suy gim nhy kh dng cc i ca my thu (nght)
2.2.9.1.1. nh ngha
Suy gim nhy kh dng cc i ca my thu (nght) l kh nng ca my thu
thu c mt tn hiu iu ch mong mun ti tn s danh nh m khng b suy
gim vt qua mt ngng qui nh do s c mt ca mt tn hiu c iu ch
khng mong mun (cng sut b suy hao t my pht).

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

2.2.9.1.2. Gii hn
Nght khng c vt qu 3,0 dB, v gii hn ca nhy kh dng cc i trong
cc iu kin o kim bnh thng phi tho mn theo 2.2.1.
2.2.9.1.3. Phng php o khi thit b hot ng vi mt b lc song cng
Ni u ni ng ten n mt b suy hao cng sut tr khng 50 , qua mt thit b
phi hp.
a tn hiu o kim, c iu ch o kim bnh thng, mc 2.4.1, n thit b
ghp sao cho khng lm nh hng s phi hp tr khng.
My pht hot ng ti cng sut u ra biu kin, theo 2.1.2.
My pht c iu ch bng tn s 400 Hz, vi lch tn bng 60% lch tn
cho php cc i, theo 2.1.4.2.
o nhy ca my thu nh trong theo 2.2.1.
Mc tn hiu ra ca b to tn hiu c ghi li l C n v dBV.
Tt my pht v o nhy ca my thu.
Mc tn hiu ra ca b to tn hiu c ghi li l D n v dBV.
Nght l s chnh lch gia hai mc C v D.
2.2.9.1.4. Phng php o khi thit b hot ng vi hai ng ten
Ni u ra RF ca my pht vi mt b suy hao cng sut.
Ni u ra ca b suy hao cng sut n u vo ca my thu qua mt thit
b ghp.
Suy hao gia my pht v my thu l 30 dB.
a tn hiu o kim c iu ch o kim bnh thng, theo 2.4.1, n thit b
ghp sao cho khng lm nh hng s phi hp tr khng.
My pht hot ng ti cng sut u ra biu kin nh xc nh trong
theo 2.1.2.
My pht c iu ch bi tn s 400 Hz vi lch tn s bng 60% lch tn
cho php cc i, theo 2.1.4.2.
o nhy ca my thu nh trong 2.2.1
Ghi li mc tn hiu ra ca b to tn hiu l C n v dBV.
Tt my pht, o nhy ca my thu
Ghi li mc tn hiu ra ca b to tn hiu l D n v dBV.
Nght l s chnh lch gia hai gi tr C v D.
2.2.9.2 Trit p ng gi ca my thu
2.2.9.2.1. Phng php o
Trit p ng gi ca my thu c o nh trong 2.2.6 vi b tr thit b nh trong
2.2.9.1.3 hoc 2.2.9.1.4, ngoi tr my pht khng c iu ch.
My pht hot ng ti cng sut u ra biu kin nh c qui nh trong mc
2.1.2.
2.2.9.2.2. Gii hn

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Ti bt k tn s no cch tn s danh nh ca my thu ln hn hai khong cch
knh, t s trit p ng gi khng c nh hn 67,0 dB.
2.3. iu kin o kim, ngun in v nhit mi trng
2.3.1. Cc iu kin o kim bnh thng v ti hn
Cc php o phi c thc hin trong cc iu kin bnh thng, v khi cn thit
phi c thc hin trong cc iu kin ti hn.
2.3.2. Ngun in o kim
Trong khi thc hin php o, thay ngun in ca thit b bng ngun in o kim
c kh nng to ra cc in p o kim bnh thng v o kim ti hn nh qui nh
trong 2.3.3.2 v 2.3.4.2. Tr khng trong ca ngun in o kim phi b nh
hng ca n n kt qu o l khng ng k. phc v cho vic o kim, phi
o in p ca ngun in o kim gia hai u vo ngun in ca thit b.
Nu thit b c cp in ni c nh, phi o in p ca ngun o kim ti im kt
ni t cp in n thit b.
Nu thit b c c qui bn trong th khong cch ni t ngun in o kim n cc
u cc ca c qui phi ngn nht theo thc t.
Trong qu trnh o phi duy tr in p ca ngun in o kim vi dung sai nh hn
3% so vi in p ti thi im ban u ca mi php o. Gi tr dung sai ny l rt
quan trng i vi cc php o cng sut, vic s dng mt dung sai nh hn s
cho gi tr khng m bo o tt hn.
2.3.3. Cc iu kin o kim bnh thng
2.3.3.1. m v nhit bnh thng
Cc iu kin bnh v nhit v m cho php o l mt s kt hp bt k gia
nhit v m nm trong cc di sau y:
Nhit :

+150C n +350C

m tng i:

20% n 75%

Khi khng th thc hin c php o kim di cc iu kin nh trn, ghi li nhit
mi trng v m tng i khi thc hin php o kim, phi ghi li nhng
ch trn trong bo co o.
2.3.3.2. Ngun in o kim bnh thng
2.3.3.2.1. in li
in p o kim bnh thng i vi thit b c ni vi ngun in li phi l
in p ngun in li danh nh. Theo mc ch ca Quy chun, in p danh
nh phi l in p c cng b hay mt gi tr bt k trong cc in p thit k
cho thit b c cng b.
Tn s ca ngun in o kim tng ng vi ngun in li AC phi nm gia 49
Hz v 51 Hz.
2.3.3.2.2. Ngun c qui axit ch thng dng trn xe ti
Khi thit b v tuyn hot ng bng ngun c qui axit ch thng dng trn xe ti,
in p o kim bnh thng bng 1,1 ln in p danh nh ca c qui (v d
6 V; 12 V...)
2.3.3.2.3. Cc ngun in p khc

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Khi thit b hot ng vi cc ngun in hay cc loi c qui khc (s cp hoc th
cp) th in p o kim bnh thng phi l in p c nh sn xut thit b cng
b.
2.3.4. Cc iu kin o kim ti hn
2.3.4.1 Nhit ti hn
i vi cc php o ti nhit ti hn, php o phi thc hin theo cc th tc nh
trong mc 2.3.5, ti cc nhit cao hn v thp hn di nhit sau y:
-200C n +550C.
i vi phn ch (a) trong bng 1 mc 2.1.1, phi s dng di nhit rt gn ph
l: 00C n +300C.
Cc bo co o kim phi ghi li di nhit chn.
2.3.4.2. in p ngun o kim ti hn
2.3.4.2.1. in p li
Thit b c ni vi ngun in li AC, in p o kim ti hn bng in p li
danh nh 10%.
2.3.4.2.2. Ngun c qui axit ch thng dng trn xe ti
Nu thit b hot ng bng ngun c qui axit ch thng dng trn xe ti th in p
o kim ti hn bng 1,3 v 0,9 ln in p danh nh ca c qui ny (6 V, 12 V...).
2.3.4.2.3. Cc ngun c qui khc
in p o kim ti hn thp i vi thit b c cc ngun in s dng cc c qui
sau phi:
- i vi loi c qui Leclanche hay Lithium: bng 0,85 ln in p danh nh ca c
qui ny.
- i vi loi c qui Nickel-Cadmium hoc Mercury: bng 0,9 ln in p danh nh
ca c qui ny.
Khng s dng cc in p ti hn cao.
Trong trng hp khng p dng in p o kim ti hn cao hn in p danh nh
th 4 iu kin o kim ti hn tng ng l:
Vmin/Tmin , Vmin/Tmax
(Vmax = in p danh nh)/Tmin , (Vmax = in p danh nh)/Tmax
2.3.4.2.4. Cc ngun khc
i vi thit b s dng cc ngun in khc hoc c th hot ng bng nhiu loi
ngun in th cc in p o kim ti hn phi l cc in p c nh sn xut thit
b la chn hoc cc in p c tha thun gia nh sn xut thit b v phng th
nghim o kim. Cc in p ny phi c ghi li trong bo co o.
2.3.5. Th tc o kim ti cc nhit ti hn
Trc khi thc hin php o kim ti cc nhit ti hn th thit b phi t n
trng thi cn bng nhit trong bung o. Phi tt thit b trong khong thi gian n
nh nhit .
Nu thit b c mch n nh nhit c thit k hot ng lin tc, th bt
mch n nh nhit khong 15 pht sau khi t trng thi qui nh cn bng

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

nhit, sau thit b phi p ng c cc yu cu. i vi cc thit b ny, nh
sn xut phi cung cp mt ngun in ring cho mch n nh nhit v khng
ph thuc vo ngun in cp cho phn cn li ca thit b.
Nu khng kim tra c trng thi cn bng nhit bng cc php o, th khong thi
gian n nh nhit ti thiu phi l 1 gi ng h hoc khong thi gian ny c th
c nh qun l o qui nh. Chn th t thc hin cc php o, iu chnh m
trong bung o sao cho khng xy ra hin tng ngng t qu mc.
2.3.5.1. Th tc o kim i vi thit b c thit k hot ng lin tc
Nu nh sn xut thit b cng b rng thit b c thit k hot ng lin tc,
th tc o kim nh sau:
Trc khi thc hin cc php o kim ti nhit ti hn cao, thit b phi c t
trong bung o v tt thit b cho n khi t c cn bng nhit. Sau bt thit
b trng thi pht trong khong thi gian l 1/2 gi ng h. Sau thi gian ny,
thit b phi tho mn cc yu cu c qui nh.
Trc khi thc hin cc php o kim ti nhit ti hn thp, thit b phi c t
trong bung o v tt thit b cho n khi t c cn bng nhit. Sau bt thit
b trng thi ch hoc trng thi thu trong khong thi gian 1 pht. Sau thi gian
ny, thit b phi tho mn cc yu cu c qui nh.
2.3.5.2.Th tc o kim i vi thit b c thit k hot ng khng lin tc
Nu nh sn xut thit b cng b rng thit b c thit k hot ng khng lin
tc, th tc o kim nh sau:
Trc khi thc hin cc php o kim ti nhit ti hn cao, thit b phi c t
trong bung o v tt thit b cho n khi t c cn bng nhit. Sau phi bt
thit b trng thi pht trong khong thi gian l 1 pht v tip theo l trng thi
thu trong khong thi gian l 4 pht.
Trc khi thc hin cc php o kim ti nhit ti hn thp, thit b phi c t
trong bung o v tt thit b cho n khi t c cn bng nhit. Sau bt thit
b trng thi ch hoc trng thi thu trong khong thi gian 1 pht. Sau thi gian
ny, thit b phi tho mn cc yu cu c qui nh.
2.4. Cc iu kin chung
2.4.1. iu ch o kim bnh thng
Trong iu ch o kim bnh thng, tn s iu ch l 1 kHz v lch tn thu
c phi bng 60% ca lch tn s cho php cc i, theo 2.1.4.2. Tn hiu o
kim v thc cht khng c iu ch bin .
2.4.2. ng ten gi
Cc php o kim c thc hin bng cch s dng mt ng ten gi, ng ten ny
v thc cht l mt ti 50 khng bc x, khng phn khng c ni n u ni
ng ten.
2.4.3. V tr o v cc b tr chung cho php o bc x
Trong Ph lc A c cc hng dn v tr o bc x. M t chi tit cch b tr cc
php o bc x cng c trong ph lc ny.
2.4.4. Chc nng tt t ng my pht
Nu thit b c chc nng tt my pht t ng, th phi tt chc nng ny trong
khong thi gian thc hin php o, tr khi phi duy tr hot ng ca chc nng

31

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

ny bo v thit b. Khi chc nng ny hot ng phi thng bo trng thi ca
thit b.
2.4.5. B tr cc tn hiu o kim ti u vo my pht
Tn hiu iu ch tn s m tn ca my pht c a n u vo micr ca thit
b v micr bn trong c ngt ra, tr khi c cc yu cu khc.
2.4.6. B tr cc tn hiu o kim ti u vo my thu
Cc ngun tn hiu o kim c a vo my thu phi c tr khng 50 ni vi
u vo my thu. Yu cu ny phi c p ng cho d c mt hay nhiu tn hiu
c a vo my thu ng thi qua mt mch phi hp.
Mc ca cc tn hiu o kim c biu din theo n v sc in ng (e.m.f) ti
b kt ni u vo ca my thu.
nh hng ca nhiu hay cc thnh phn xuyn iu ch do cc ngun tn hiu o
kim to ra phi l khng ng k.
2.4.7. Chc nng cm my thu
Nu my thu c mch cm th phi lm cho mch ny khng hot ng trong khong
thi gian thc hin cc php o.
2.4.8. Cng sut u ra m tn biu kin ca my thu
Cng sut u ra m tn biu kin l cng sut cc i c nh sn xut qui inh.
Ti cng sut ny tt c cc yu cu trong bn Quy chun k thut ny u c
tho mn. Vi iu ch o kim bnh thng, mc 2.4.1, phi o cng sut u ra
m tn ny vi mt ti m phng ng bng ti ca my thu hot ng bnh thng.
Gi tr ca ti ny c nh sn xut thit b o cng b.
2.4.9. o kim thit b c b lc song cng
Nu thit b c b lc song cng bn trong, hoc mt b lc ring th cc yu cu ca
Quy chun k thut ny phi c tho mn khi cc php o c thc hin bng
cch s dng b kt ni ng ten ca b lc ny.
2.5. khng m bo o
i vi cc phng php o trong bn Quy chun k thut ny, vic tnh ton cc
gi tr khng m bo o c tun th ETR 028 [5] vi h s ph tng ng l k
= 1,96 hoc k = 2 (cc h s ph ny c mc tin cy tng ng l 95% v
95,45% trong trng hp phn b ca cc khng m bo o thc t l phn b
chun (Gauss)).
Bng 10 c tnh da trn cc h s ph ny.
Phi cng b h s ph c th s dng tnh khng m bo o.
Bng 10 - khng m bo o tuyt i: cc gi tr ln nht
Ch p dng tn s nh hn hoc bng 1 GHz cho cc thng s RF
Tn s RF

< 1 10-7

Cng sut RF

< 0,75 dB

lch tn s cc i
- T 300 Hz n 6 kHz

< 5%

- T 6 kHz n 25 kHz

< 3 dB

Gii hn lch

< 5%

32

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Cng sut knh ln cn

< 5 dB

Pht x dn ca my pht

< 4 dB

Pht x dn ca my pht, gii hn n 12,75 GHz

< 7 dB

Cng sut u ra m tn

< 0,5 dB

c im bin ca my thu

< 1,5 dB

nhy ti 20 dB SINAD

< 3 dB

Pht x dn ca my thu

< 3 dB

Pht x dn ca my thu, gii hn n 12,75 GHz

< 6 dB

o hai tn hiu, gii hn n 4 GHz

< 4 dB

o ba tn hiu

< 3 dB

Pht x bc x ca my pht, gii hn n 4GHz

< 6 dB

Pht x bc x ca my thu, gii hn n 4GHz

< 6 dB

Thi gian chuyn i ca my pht

< 20%

Tn s chuyn i ca my pht

< 250 Hz

Xuyn iu ch ca my pht

< 3 dB

Gim nhy ca my thu (hot ng song cng)

< 0,5 dB

2.6. La chn thit b cho mc ch o kim

Cc thng tin v la chn thit b cho mc ch o kim xem Ph lc C.
2.7. Gii thch kt qu o
Vic gii thch kt qu o (v d: cc kt qu c ghi trong mt bn bo co o)
trong Quy chun k thut ny phi nh sau:
a) So snh gi tr o c vi gii hn tng ng quyt nh xem thit b c p
ng c cc yu cu ca thng s cho trong Quy chun k thut ny khng;
b) Cc gi tr khng m bo o thc t i vi mi php o phi bng hoc nh
hn cc gi tr cho trong mc 2.5 (gi tr khng m bo o cho php ln nht).
c) i vi mi php o c th phi ghi li khng m bo o ca phng th
nghim ni thc hin cc php o trong bn bo co o kim (nu c).
i vi cc phng php o trong bn Quy chun ny, vic tnh ton cc gi tr
khng m bo o c tun th ETR 028 [5] vi h s ph tng ng l
k = 1,96 hoc k = 2 (cc h s ph ny c mc tin cy tng ng l 95% v
95,45% trong trng hp phn b ca cc khng m bo o thc t l phn b
chun).
H s ph thc c s dng tnh khng m bo o phi c cho trc.

3. QUY NH V QUN L
Cc thit b v tuyn thuc phm vi iu chnh (mc 1.1) phi tun th cc quy nh
k thut trong Quy chun ny.

33

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

4. TRCH NHIM CA T CHC, C NHN

Cc t chc, c nhn lin quan c trch nhim thc hin cc quy nh v chng
nhn hp quy v cng b hp quy cc thit b v tuyn lu ng mt t c ng ten
ri dng cho thoi tng t v chu s kim tra ca c quan qun l nh nc theo
cc quy nh hin hnh.

5. T CHC THC HIN

5.1 Cc Vin thng v cc S Thng tin v Truyn thng c trch nhim hng dn,
t chc trin khai qun l cc thit b v tuyn lu ng mt t c ng ten ri dng
cho thoi tng t theo Quy chun ny.
5.2 Quy chun ny c p dng thay th tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-230:2005 Thit
b v tuyn lu ng mt t c ng ten ri dng cho thoi tng t - Yu cu k
thut.
5.3 Trong trng hp cc quy nh nu ti Quy chun ny c s thay i, b sung
hoc c thay th th thc hin theo quy nh ti vn bn mi./.

34

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Ph lc A
(Quy nh)
o bc x
A.1. Cc v tr o v cch b tr chung cho cc php o c s dng cc trng
bc x
Ph lc ny a ra 3 v tr o ph bin nht c s dng cho cc php o bc x
l: bung o khng phn x, bung o khng phn x c mt nn dn v v tr o
khong trng (OATS). Cc v tr o ny thng c tham chiu n nh l cc v tr
o trng t do. C hai php o tuyt i v tng i u c th c thc hin
trong cc v tr ny. Bung o, ni thc hin cc php o tuyt i, cn c nh
gi. Th tc nh gi chi tit c m t trong cc phn lin quan 2, 3, v 4 ca ETR
273 [6].
CH THCH: m bo kh nng ti to v bm ca cc php o bc x ch s dng cc v tr o di y
cho cc php o bc x theo Quy chun k thut ny.

A.1.1. Bung o khng phn x

Bung o khng phn x l mt phng kn thng c bao bc, tng, nn v trn
ca n c ph bng vt lin hp th v tuyn thng l loi xp urethane hnh
chp. Trong bung o thng c mt gi ng ten mt u v mt bn quay
u kia. Mt bung o khng phn x in hnh c a ra trong hnh A.1.
Vt liu hp th v tuyn v phn bao bc bung kt hp vi nhau to ra mt mi
trng c kim sot cho cc mc ch o kim. Loi bung o ny m phng cc
iu kin khng gian t do.
Phn bao bc bung to ra mt khng gian o kim, lm gim cc mc can nhiu t
cc tn hiu xunh quanh cng nh lm gim cc hiu ng bn ngoi khc, trong khi
vt liu hp th v tuyn gim thiu cc phn x khng mong mun t tng v trn
c th nh hng n cc php o. Trong thc t c th d dng bao bc to ra
cc mc loi b can nhiu xung quanh cao (t 80 dB n 140 dB), thng l to ra
mc can nhiu xung quanh khng ng k.
Bn quay c kh nng quay 3600 trong mt phng ngang v n c s dng
mu o th (EUT) mt cao ph hp (v d nh 1 m) so vi nn t. Bung o
phi ln cho php khong cch o t nht l 3 m hay 2(d1+ d2)2/ (m), chn gi
tr ln hn (xem mc A.2.5). Khong cch c s dng trong cc php o thc t
phi c ghi cng vi cc kt qu o kim.

35

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Bn xoay

ng ten kim tra

Vt liu hp
th sng
v tuyn

Ct ng ten

Ct ng ten

m
10
c

ho

Hnh A.1- Bung o khng phn x

Bung o khng phn x ni chung c mt vi u im so vi cc v tr o th khc.
Gim ti thiu cc can nhiu xung quanh cng nh cc phn x t nn, trn v
tng ng thi n li khng ph thuc v thi tit. Tuy vy n c mt s nhc
im, l khong cch o b gii hn, vic s dng tn s thp cng b gii hn v
kch c ca cc vt liu hp th hnh chp. ci thin tnh nng tn s thp, s
dng cu trc kt hp gia cc vin ngi Ferrite v vt liu hp th xp urethane.
Tt c cc php o pht x, nhy v min nhim c th c tin hnh trong mt
bung o khng phn x m khng c s hn ch no.
A.1.2. Bung o khng phn x c mt nn dn
Bung o khng phn x c mt nn dn l mt phng kn c bao bc, tng v
trn bn trong ca bung o c bao ph bng vt liu hp th v tuyn thng l
loi xp urethane hnh chp. Nn ca bung o bng kim loi, khng c bao bc
v to thnh mt nn dn. Bung o thng c ct ng ten mt u v bn quay
u kia. Mt bung o khng phn x in hnh c mt nn dn c a ra trong
Hnh A.2.
Loi bung o kim ny m phng v tr o khong trng l tng m c im c
bn ca n l mt mt nn dn hon ho rng v tn.

36

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Ct ng ten
ng ten kim tra
Vt liu hp
th sng
v tuyn

1 n 4 m

1,5 m

n
ts
M

0m
c1

o
3h

Bn xoay

Hnh A.2 - Bung o khng phn x c mt nn dn

Trong v tr o ny, mt nn to nn mt ng phn x mong mun v vy tn hiu
m ng ten thu c l tng ca cc tn hiu t cc ng truyn trc tip v phn
x. iu ny to nn mt mc tn hiu thu c duy nht i vi mi cao ca ng
ten pht (hay EUT) v ng ten thu so vi mt nn.
Ct ng ten c cao thay i (t 1 n 4 m) lm cho v tr ca ng ten o th c
ti u c tn hiu ghp gia cc ng ten hay gia mt EUT v ng ten o th l
ln nht.
Bn quay c kh nng quay 3600 trong mt phng ngang, n c dng mu
o th (EUT) mt cao qui nh, thng l 1,5 m, so vi mt nn. Bung o phi
ln cho php khong cch o t nht l 3 m hay 2(d1+ d2)2/ (m), chn gi tr
ln hn (xem mc A.2.5). Khong cch c s dng trong cc php o thc t
phi c ghi cng vi cc kt qu o kim.
Php o pht x trc ht lin quan n vic xc nh nh cng trng ca
EUT bng cch nng ln v h xung ng ten thu trn ct ng ten ( thu c can
nhiu cng cc i ca cc tn hiu trc tip v phn x t EUT), sau xoay bn
quay tm gi tr nh trong mt phng cc. cao ny ca ng ten o kim, ghi li
bin tn hiu thu c. Tip theo l thay EUT bng mt ng ten thay th (c
t trung tm pha hay bin ca EUT), ng ten ny c ni vi mt my pht
tn hiu. Ta li tm gi tr nh ca tn hiu, v iu chnh mc u ra ca b to tn
hiu cho n khi thu c mc tn hiu nh trong bc 1 trn my thu.
Cc php o kim nhy my thu trn mt nn dn cng lin quan n vic tm gi
tr nh ca cng trng bng cch thay i cao ng ten o kim thu
c can nhiu cng cc i ca cc tn hiu trc tip v phn x, ln ny s dng
mt ng ten o kim c t trung tm pha hay bin ca EUT trong sut thi
gian o th. a ra mt h s chuyn i. ng ten o kim vn cao nh giai

37

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

on 2, trong khong thi gian ny, ng ten o kim c thay bng EUT. Gim
bin tn hiu pht xc nh mc cng trng m mc ny chng ta thu
c mt p ng qui nh t EUT.
A.1.3. V tr o khong trng (OATS)
V tr o khong trng bao gm bn quay mt u v ct ng ten c cao thay
i u kia trn mt mt nn dn, trong trng hp l tng n c tnh dn hon
ho v rng v hn. Trong thc t, khi c th t c tnh nng dn tt th kch c
mt nn t phi b gii hn. Mt v tr o khong trng tiu biu c trnh by trong
Hnh A.3.
ng ten lng cc

Ct ng ten

m
10
c

ho

Bn xoay
Mt nn

Hnh A.3 - V tr o khong trng

Mt nn to ra mt ng phn x mong mun do tn hiu ng ten thu c l
tng ca cc tn hiu t ng truyn trc tip v phn x. Vic kt hp ca hai tn
hiu ny to ra mt mc duy nht ng vi mi cao ca ng ten pht hay (EUT) v
ng ten thu trn mt nn.
c im lin quan n cc v tr ng ten, bn quay, khong cch o v cc cch b
tr khc ca v tr o ging nh i vi bung o khng phn x c mt nn dn.
Trong cc php o bc x, OATS cng c s dng theo cch ging nh bung
o khng phn x c mt nn t.
Cc b tr php o tiu biu v ph bin i vi cc v tr o c mt nn c a ra
trong Hnh A.4.

38

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

EUT
ng ten kim tra

Vn k s
ip
trc t
g
n

1 n 4 m

B suy hao 10 dB

ng
phn

Ngun
x

m
10
c

ho

Bn xoay

My thu

Hnh A.4 - B tr php o ti v tr o c mt nn dn

A.1.4. ng ten o kim
ng ten o kim c s dng trong cc php o bc x. Trong cc php o pht
x (v d php o sai s tn s, cng sut bc x hiu dng, cc bc x gi v cng
sut knh ln cn) ng ten o kim c s dng pht hin trng t EUT trong
giai on 1 ca php o v t ng ten thay th trong giai on khc. Khi s dng v
tr o ny o cc c tnh ca my thu (v d nh nhy, cc thng s min
nhim) th ng ten o kim c s dng lm thit b pht.
ng ten o kim cn c gn vo mt gi c kh nng cho php ng ten c
s dng theo phn cc ngang hay ng, trn cc v tr o c mt nn (v d nh
trong cc bung o khng phn x c mt nn dn v cc v tr o khong trng),
ngoi ra c th thay i c cao ca ng ten trong mt di xc nh (thng t
1 m n 4 m).
Trong di tn s t 30 MHz n 1000 MHz, khuyn ngh nn s dng cc ng ten
lng cc (c sn xut theo tiu chun ANSI C 63.5 [8]). Vi cc tn s
80 MHz v ln hn th cc ng ten lng cc nn c di sao cho c s cng
hng ti tn s o. Di tn s 80 MHz, nn dng cc ng ten lng cc c di
ngn hn. Tuy nhin, i vi cc php o pht x gi, s kt hp ca cc ng ten dn
lng cc c chu k log c s dng bao ph hon ton di tn s t 30 n
1000 MHz. Vi cc tn s ln hn 1000 MHz, khuyn ngh s dng cc kn dn
sng tuy vn c th dng cc ng ten c chu k log.
A.1.5. ng ten thay th
ng ten thay th c dng thay EUT trong cc php o thng s pht (v d nh
sai s tn s, cng sut bc x hiu dng, cc pht x gi, v cng sut knh ln
cn). Vi cc php o trong di tn t 30 n 1000 MHz ng ten thay th nn l mt
ng ten lng cc (c sn xut theo tiu chun ANSI C63.5 [8]). i vi cc tn
s 80 MHz v ln hn, cc ng ten lng cc phi c chiu di sao cho c s cng
hng ti tn s o kim. Di tn s 80 MHz s dng cc ng ten lng cc c
chiu di ngn hn. Vi cc php o trn 1000 MHz nn s dng mt kn dn sng.
Tm ca ng ten ny phi trng vi trung tm pha hoc trung tm bin .
A.1.6. ng ten o
ng ten o c s dng trong cc php o thng s thu ca EUT (v d cc php
o min nhim v nhy). Mc ch ca n l thc hin php o cng in
trng gn EUT.

39

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Vi cc php o trong di tn t 30 MHz n 1000 MHz ng ten o nn l mt ng
ten lng cc (c sn xut theo tiu chun ANSI C63.5 [8]). i vi cc tn s 80
MHz v ln hn, cc ng ten lng cc phi c chiu di sao cho c s cng
hng ti tn s o kim. Di tn s 80 MHz s dng cc ng ten lng cc c
chiu di ngn hn. Trung tm ca ng ten ny phi trng vi trung tm pha hoc
trung tm bin ca EUT (nh c qui nh trong phng php o kim).
A.2. Hng dn s dng cc v tr o bc x
Phn ny trnh by c th cc th tc, cch b tr thit b o v nh gi cc bc
ny nn c tin hnh trc khi thc hin bt k php o bc x no. C ch ny
l chung cho tt c cc loi v tr o m t trong Ph lc A.
A.2.1. nh gi v tr o kim
Khng nn tin hnh mt php o no trn mt v tr o cha c mt chng ch thm
nh hp l. Th tc thm nh cc loi v tr o khc nhau m t trong Ph lc A
c trnh by trong cc phn 2, 3 v 4 tng ng ca ETR 273 [6].
A.2.2. Chun b EUT
Nh sn xut cn cung cp cc thng tin v EUT bao gm tn s hot ng, s
phn cc, in p ngun v b mt chun. Cc thng tin ph, c th i vi loi EUT
nn gm cng sut sng mang, khong cch knh, cc ch hot ng khc (v d
nh cc ch cng sut thp v cao) v s hot ng l lin tc hay chu mt chu
k lm vic o kim cc i (v d mt pht bt, bn pht tt).
nhng ni cn thit, nn c mt gn c ti thiu gn EUT trn bn quay.
ny cn c sn xut t vt liu c hng s in mi tng i thp (nh hn 1,5)
v dn thp chng hn nh polystyrene, balsawood...
A.2.3. Cp ngun in li cho EUT
Tt c cc php o kim cn c thc hin vi ngun in li bt c ni no
c cc ngun in li, bao gm c cc php o vi EUT c thit k ch s dng
pin. Trong tt c cc trng hp, cc dy dn in cn c ni vi cc u vo
cung cp in ca EUT ( v c gim st bng mt vn k s) nhng pin vn nn
my v c cch in vi phn cn li ca thit b, c th bng cch dn
bng ln cc u tip xc ca n.
Tuy nhin, s xut hin cp in lc c th lm nh hng n cht lng o kim
EUT. V l do ny, cn to cho chng l "trong sut" i vi vic o kim. iu ny
c th t c bng cch hng chng cch xa EUT v dn xung di mn
chn, mt phng t hay tng ca v tr o (sao cho ph hp) vi cc ng ngn
nht c th.
A.2.4. Thit lp iu khin bin cho cc php o thoi tng t
Nu khng c cc thng bo khc th trong tt c cc php o thoi tng t ca
my thu, cn iu chnh bin my thu cho cng sut ra t nht bng 50% cng
sut u ra biu kin. Trong trng hp iu khin bin theo bc th vic iu
khin bin nn c t sao cho ti bc th nht n cung cp cng sut li ra t
nht bng 50% cng sut u ra biu kin. Khng nn iu chnh li bin ca
my thu gia cc in kin o kim bnh thng v ti hn trong cc php o.
A.2.5. Khong cch
Khong cch i vi tt c cc loi v tr o nn ln cho php o trong trng
xa ca EUT, tc l n nn bng hoc ln hn:

40

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

2(d 1 + d 2 ) 2
(m)

Trong :
d1 l ng knh ln nht ca EUT/lng cc sau khi thay th, m
d2 l ng knh ln nht ca ng ten o th, m
l bc sng tn s o th, m
Cn ch trong phn thay th ca php o ny, nu c ng ten o kim v ng ten
thay th u l cc lng cc na bc sng, khong cch ti thiu cho vic o
trng xa s l: 2.
Cn ch trong cc bo co kt qu o kim khi mt trong nhng iu kin ny
khng c p ng th c th kt hp khng m bo o ph vo cc kt qu
o.
CH THCH 1: i vi bung o khng phn x hon ton, mt gc quay bt k ca mm xoay, khng c
phn bin no ca EUT nm ngoi "vng yn lng" ca bung ti tn s danh nh ca php o.
CH THCH 2: "Vng yn lng" l mt th tch trong bung o khng phn x (khng c mt nn) trong cht
lng quy nh c chng minh thng qua o kim hoc c m bo bi nh thit k/nh sn xut. Cht
lng c qui nh ny thng l phn x ca cc tm hp th hay mt thng s c lin quan trc tip (v
d nh s ng nht ca tn hiu v bin v pha). Tuy nhin cng nn ch rng cc mc qui nh cho vng
yn lng c th thay i.
CH THCH 3: i vi bung o khng phn x c mt nn, nn c kh nng qut ton b cao, tc l t 1
m n 4 m, sao cho khng c phn no ca ng ten o kim c nm di chiu cao 1 m ca cc tm hp th.
Vi c hai loi bung o khng phn x, tnh phn x ca cc tm hp th khng c nh hn -5 dB.
CH THCH 4: i vi bung o khng phn x c mt nn v v tr o khong trng, khng c phn no
ng ten no c nm trong khong 0,25 m ca mt nn ti bt k thi im no trong sut cc php o. Khi bt
k mt trong cc iu kin ny khng c tho mn th khng c tin hnh cc php o.

A.2.6. Chun b v tr
Cc dy cp c hai u ca v tr o cn c di theo chiu ngang cch xa khu
vc o ti thiu l 2 m (tr phi chm tng pha sau trong trng hp ca c hai
loi bung khng di), sau cho i dy theo chiu dc v bn ngoi mt nn hay
v bc (sao cho ph hp) i vi thit b o. Nn cn trng gim thiu tht thot
trn cc dy dn ny (v d vic bc cc mi hn ferrite hay cc ti khc). i vi
dy cp, vic i dy v bc chng cn ging ti liu nh gi.
CH THCH: i vi cc v tr o c s phn x mt nn (nh cc bung o khng phn x c mt nn v v tr
o khong trng), ni kt hp mt trng cun cp vi ct ng ten, th yu cu khong cch 2 m trn c th
khng p ng c.

Cn c s liu hiu chnh cho tt c cc mc ca thit b o th. i vi cc ng ten

o kim, thay th v o, s liu ny nn bao gm h s khuch i lin quan n h
s bc x ng hng (hay h s ng ten) ng vi tn s o. Cng nn bit gi tr
VSWR ca cc ng ten thay th v o kim.
S liu hiu chnh i vi tt c cc dy cp v b suy hao nn gm suy hao xen v
VSWR trong ton di tn s ca php o. Tt c cc hnh v suy hao xen v VSWR
cn c ghi li trong bn kt qu vi mt php o c th.
nhng ni yu cu cc bng/h s hiu chnh th nn c sn ngay ti .
i vi tt c cc mc ca thit b o th, nn bit cc li cc i v phn b li ca
n, v d:
- Suy hao cao: 0,5 dB vi phn b hnh ch nht

41

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

- My thu o: chnh xc mc tn hiu ( lch chun) 1,0 dB vi phn b li
Gauss.
thi im bt u cc php o, cn phi thc hin vic kim tra h thng i vi
cc mc ca thit b o c s dng trn v tr o th.
A.3. Vic ghp cc tn hiu
A.3.1. Tng quan
S c mt ca cc dy dn in trong trng bc x c th gy nhiu ln trng
bc x v gy ra khng m bo o ph. Cc nhiu ny c th c lm gim
bng cch s dng cc phng php ghp ph hp, to ra s c lp tn hiu v tc
ng ln trng l ti thiu (v d nh ghp quang v m).
A.3.2. Cc tn hiu d liu
S c lp tn hiu c th c to ra bng cch s dng bin php quang hc, siu
m hay hng ngoi. C th gim thim s tc ng ln trng bng cc kt ni si
quang ph hp. Cn c cc bin php kt ni bc x hng ngoi hay siu m ph
hp gim thiu nhiu xung quanh.
A.3.3. Cc tn hiu tng t v thoi
Nn s dng mt b ghp m nhng ni khng c cng ra m.
Khi s dng b ghp m nn kim tra xem nhiu xung quanh c lm nh hng n
kt qu o khng.
A.3.3.1. M t b ghp m
B ghp m bao gm mt phu nha, mt ng m v mt micr c mt b khuch
i ph hp. Cc vt liu c s dng to ra phu v ng nn c tnh dn in
thp v hng s in mi tng i thp (tc l nh hn 1,5 dB).
- ng m nn di ni t EUT n micr, v c t mt v tr khng lm
nh hng n trng RF. ng m cn c ng knh trong khong 6 mm v
dy khong 1,5 mm, v linh hot khng cn tr s quay ca bn quay.
- Phu nha c ng knh tng ng vi kch c loa ca EUT, c cao su xp
mm c dn mp, v c gn vo mt u ca ng m, micr gn vo u
kia. Gn tm ca phu vo v tr sao chp lin quan n EUT, bi v tr trung tm
ny c mt nh hng mnh ln p ng tn s c o. iu ny c th t
c bng cch t EUT trong mt g lp rp m lp ghp kn do nh sn xut
cung cp, phu l mt phn tch hp ca n.
- Micr cn c c tnh p ng phng trong khong 1 dB trong di tn t
50 Hz n 20 kHz, di ng tuyn tnh t nht l 50 dB. nhy ca micr v mc
m my thu li ra nn ph hp o t s gia tn hiu v nhiu t nht l 40 dB
ti mc m li ra danh nh ca EUT. Kch c ca micr phi nh ghp vo
ng m.
- Mch hiu chnh tn s nn hiu chnh p ng tn s ca b ghp m sao cho
php o SINAD m l ng (xem phn ph lc E ca IEC 60489-3 [7]).
A.3.3.2. ng chnh
Mc ch ca ng chnh b ghp m l xc nh t s SINAD m, n tng
ng t s SINAD li ra my thu.

42

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Ph lc B
(Quy nh)
Cc quy nh v cch b tr cng sut knh ln cn
B.1. Qui nh my thu o cng sut
My thu o cng sut bao gm mt b trn, mt b lc IF, mt b dao ng, mt b
khuch i, mt b suy hao bin i v mt b ch th gi tr rms. C th s dng vn
k rms c ng chnh theo dB lm b ch tr gi tr rms thay cho mt b suy hao
bin i v mt b ch th gi tr rms. Cc c tnh k thut ca my thu o cng sut
c trnh by trong cc mc t B.1.1 n B.1.4.
B.1.1. B lc IF
B lc IF cn nm trong cc gii hn ca c tnh chn lc sau.
dB
D4

90

Gn
sng mang

D3

D4

26
D2

D2

6
2
D1

Xa
sng mang

D3

D1

kHz

Hnh B.1 - c tnh chn lc b lc IF

Ph thuc vo khong cch knh, c tnh chn lc cn duy tr cc khong cch tn
s t tn s trung tm danh nh ca knh ln cn sau:
Bng B1 - c tnh chn lc
Khong cch knh,
kHz

Khong cch tn s ca ng cong b lc

t tn s trung tm danh nh ca knh ln cn, kHz
D1

D2

D3

D4

12,5

4,25

5,5

9,5

25

8,0

9,25

13,25

Ph thuc vo s phn cch knh, cc im suy hao phi khng vt qu cc gi tr

cho php c qui nh trong Bng B.2 v B.3.
Bng B2 - Cc im suy hao gn sng mang
Khong cch knh,
kHz
12,5

Di dung sai, kHz

D1

D2

D3

D4

+1,35

0,1

-1,35

-5,35

43

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

25

0,1

+3,1

-1,35

-5,35

Bng B3 - Cc im suy hao xa sng mang

Khong cch knh,
kHz
12,5

Di dung sai, kHz

D1

D2

D3

D4

+2,0

2,0

2,0

2,0
-6,0

25

+3,5

+3,5

+3,5

+3,5
-7,5

Suy hao ti thiu ca b lc IF nm ngoi cc im suy hao 90 dB phi bng hay ln

hn 90 dB.
Bng B.4 - Khong dch chuyn tn s
Khong cch knh,
kHz

rng bng tn
qui nh, kHz

Khong dch chuyn

t im - 6 dB, kHz

12,5

8,5

8,25

25

16

17

Cn iu chnh s thay i tn s ca my thu o cng sut cch xa sng mang ca

my pht sao cho p ng ti im -6 dB gn vi tn s sng mang ca my pht
th nht c t trong khong dch tn s cch tn s sng mang danh nh c
qui nh trong Bng B.4.
B.1.2. B suy hao bin i
B suy hao bin i c di ti thiu l 80 dB v phn gii l 1 dB.
B.1.3. B ch th gi tr rms
Thit b phi ch th chnh xc cc tn hiu khc sin theo t l nh hn hoc bng 10:1
gia gi tr nh v gi tr rms.
B.1.4. B dao ng v khuch i
B dao ng v b khuch i cn c thit k sao cho php o cng sut ln cn
ca my pht khng iu ch tp m thp cho gi tr o c -90 dB vi khong
cch knh l 25 kHz v -80 dB vi khong cch knh l 12,5 kHz, so snh vi
sng mang ca b dao ng, nhiu t pht ca my pht khng iu ch tp m
thp c nh hng khng ng k n kt qu o.

44

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Ph lc C
(Quy nh)
Biu din bng th vic la chn thit b v tn s o kim
Thng tin lin quan n vic la chn thit b cho cc mc ch o kim c cho
trong EN 300 793.
Cc th sau c trch t EN 300 793 minh ha cc nguyn tc c s dng
trong tiu chun , c th l cc khi nim nh cc php o th y v hn ch.
Tham kho EN 300 793 c nhng thng tin chi tit hn (v d, cc nh ngha,
tham chiu) lin quan n Ph lc ny.
C.1. La chn kiu thit b o hp chun
Nh sn xut phi cung cp mt hoc nhiu mu thit b thch hp phc v vic
o kim hp chun.
Nu thit b c mt s chc nng tu chn, cn xem xt khng nh hng ti cc
tham s tn s v tuyn (RF), sau ch cn thc hin cc php o trn thit b
c cu hnh vi t hp chc nng c xem l phc tp nht, theo xut ca
nh sn xut v c s ng ca phng th nghim.
C.2. nh ngha v di tn cc knh ci t sn, di ng chnh v di tn hot
ng
C.2.1. nh ngha di tn cc knh ci t sn
Nh sn xut phi cung cp cc di tn cc knh ci t sn ca my thu v my
pht (hai di ny c th khc nhau).
Di tn cc knh ci t sn (SR) l di tn s cc i quy nh bi nh sn xut
qua my thu v my pht c th hot ng trong di ng chnh m khng cn
t li chng trnh hoc ng chnh li.
C.2.2. nh ngha di ng chnh
Khi a thit b ti o kim, nh sn xut cng phi cung cp cc di ng chnh cho
my thu v my pht.
Di ng chnh (AR) c xc nh nh di tn s qua my thu v/hoc my pht
c th c lp trnh v/hoc ng chnh hot ng m khng cn bt c thay i
no v mch in ngoi tr vic thay th cc ROM (Read Only Memory) chng
trnh hoc cc tinh th (trong my thu v my pht) v tinh chnh cc linh kin ri rc.
Tinh chnh l hot ng m qua lm thay i gi tr (trong trng hp ny lin
quan ti tn s) ca mt linh kin trong mch. Hot ng ny c th bao gm c thay
i v vt l, thay th (bng cc linh kin c kch c v kiu dng tng t) hoc
kch hot/xo kch hot cc linh kin (thng qua vic t li cc cu hn).
i vi mc ch cc php o th my thu v my pht c xem xt ring r.
C.2.3. nh ngha di tn hot ng
Di tn hot ng (OFR) l ton b di tn s phn b cho mt kiu hoc mt h
thit b.
Cn ch rng, mt h thit b c kh nng bao ph mt di tn s rng hn so vi
di ng chnh ca mt kiu thit b.
C.3. nh ngha cc loi di ng chnh (AR0, AR1, AR2 v AR3)

45

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Di ng chnh phn thnh bn loi:
- Loi th nht, AR0: thit b c di ng chnh nh hn hoc bng 5 MHz;
- Loi th hai, AR1: thit b c di ng chnh ln hn 5 MHz v nh hn hoc bng
30 MHz;
- Loi th ba, AR2: thit b c di ng chnh ln hn 30 MHz v nh hn hoc bng
60 MHz;
- Loi th t, AR3: thit b c di ng chnh ln hn 60 MHz.
C.4. o kim thit b loi AR0
Cc php o kim ton b c tin hnh trn mt knh trong khong 50 kHz ca
tn s trung tm di ng chnh.
C.5. o kim thit b loi AR1
Cc php o kim ton b c tin hnh trn mt knh trong khong 50 kHz ca
tn s cao nht di ng chnh v trn mt knh trong khong 50 kHz ca tn s
thp nht di ng chnh.
C.6. o kim thit b loi AR2
Cc php o kim ton b c tin hnh trn mt knh trong khong 50 kHz ca
tn s cao nht di ng chnh v trn mt knh trong khong 50 kHz ca tn s
thp nht di ng chnh.
Cc php o kim hn ch c tin hnh trn mt knh trong khong 50 kHz ca
tn s trung tm di ng chnh
C.7. o kim thit b loi AR3
Cc php o kim ton b c tin hnh trn hai knh, mt knh nm trong khong
50 kHz ca tn s cao nht di ng chnh, v knh kia nm trong khong 50 kHz
ca tn s thp nht di ng chnh.
Cc php o gii hn c tin hnh trn cc knh o kim trung gian trong tng
khong (50 kHz) ca di ng chnh v chn sao cho khong cch gia cc knh
o kim khng vt qu 30 MHz.
C.8. Cc php o th mt mu
Nu di tn hot ng (OFFR) ca mi thit b tng ng vi di ng chnh ca n
(AR0, AR1, AR2 hay AR3) th ch phi kim tra mt mu th.

46

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

FT
Loi AR0

Di ng chnh (AR0)
< 5 MHz

FT

FT

Loi AR1

5 MHz < Di ng chnh (AR1) < 30 MHz

FT

FT
LT

Loi AR2
30 MHz < Di ng chnh (AR2) < 60 MHz
FT
Loi AR3

FT
LT

LT
< 30 MHz

< 30 MHz

LT
< 30 MHz

< 30 MHz

Di ng chnh (AR3) > 60 MHz

CH THCH:
AR0, AR1, AR2, AR3:

Cc loi di ng chnh

FT:

o kim ton b

LT:

o kim c gii hn

:

Di 50 kHz trong o kim thc hin

Hnh C.1 - Cc php o th mt mu cho thit b c di tn

cc knh ci t sn bng vi di ng chnh
C.9. Cc php o th v cc mu cn thit khi di tn cc knh ci t sn SR
l mt tp con ca di ng chnh AR
che di ng chnh AR, c th cn mt s mu tch bit c cc di tn cc knh
ci t sn (SR) khc nhau nm trong di ng chnh (AR). Sau o kim cc mu
ny theo cc phn tng ng 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 v 4.7 trong EN 300 793. Cc v d sau
y gi thit di tn cc knh ci t sn l 5 MHz.

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QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

Loi AR1
FT

FT
SR

SR

5 MHz < Di ng chnh (AR1) < 30 MHz

2 mu, 2 FT
Loi AR2
FT

LT

SR

SR

SR

FT

SR

SR

SR

SR

30 MHz < Di ng chnh (AR2) < 60 MHz

3 mu, 2 FT, 1 LT
Loi AR3
FT
SR

LT
SR

SR

SR

SR

LT
SR

SR

SR

SR

FT
SR

SR

SR

SR

Di ng chnh (AR3) > 60 MHz

4 mu, 2 FT, 2 LT
CH THCH:
SR:

Di tn cc knh ci t sn

AR1, AR2, AR3: Cc loi di ng chnh

FT:

o kim ton b

LT:

o kim c gii hn

:

Di 50 kHz trong o kim thc hin

Hnh C.2 - Cc php o thit b c cc di tn cc knh ci t sn

l cc tp con ca di AR
C.10. Cc php o th v cc mu cho mt h thit b c AR l mt tp con ca
ton b di tn hot ng
Nu di ng chnh ca thit b l mt phn ca ton b di tn hot ng th c th chia
di tn hot ng thnh cc di ng chnh loi tng ng. Sau o kim cc mu
ny theo cc phn tng ng 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 v 4.7 trong EN 300 793.
V d mun chng nhn chng loi cho mt h thit b c di tn hot ng t 403
MHz n 470 MHz. Thit b c o th khng che di ny bng mt loi di ng
chnh.
C.10.1. Kch bn o kim 1
Di tn hot ng (OFR) ca n c th c che bng hai di ng chnh a) v b) v
c thc hin trong cc mu a) v b):
a) 403 MHz n 430 MHz: y l loi AR1;
b) 425 MHz n 470 MHz: y l loi AR2.

48

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

FTa

FTb

FTb
LTa

LTb

AR1
AR2
403 MHz

425 MHz

430 MHz

470 MHz

OFR
CH THCH 1:
OFR

Di tn hot ng

AR1, AR2

Cc loi di ng chnh

FTa

o kim ton b cho (cc) mu a)

LTa

o kim c gii hn cho (cc) mu a)

FTb

o kim ton b cho (cc) mu b)

LTb

o kim c gii hn cho (cc) mu b)



Di 50 kHz trong o kim thc hin

CH THCH 2: V d ny yu cu ti thiu l 2 mu o kim v ti a l 5 mu o kim che di tn hot ng.

Hnh C.3 - Cc php o kim cho h thit b c cc di ng chnh

l mt phn ca ton b di tn hot ng (v d 1)
C.10.2. Kch bn o kim 2
Di tn hot ng (OFR) ca n c th c che bng cch khc bng 3 di ng
chnh AR1 v c thc hin trong cc mu a), b) v c):
a) T 403 n 430 MHz: y l loi AR1;
b) T 425 n 450 MHz: y l loi AR1;
c) T 450 n 470 MHz: y l loi AR1.

49

QCVN 43: 2011/BTTTT

FTa

FTc
LTb LTa

LTb LTc

AR1
AR1
403 MHz

425 MHz

430 MHz

AR1
450 MHz

470 MHz

OFR
CH THCH 1:
OFR

Di tn hot ng

AR1

Loi di ng chnh th hai

FTa

o kim ton b cho (cc) mu a)

LTa

o kim c gii hn cho (cc) mu a)

LTb

o kim c gii hn cho (cc) mu b)

FTc

o kim ton b cho (cc) mu c)

LTc

o kim c gii hn cho (cc) mu c)



Di 50 kHz trong o kim thc hin

CH THCH 2: V d ny yu cu ti thiu l 3 mu o kim v ti a l 6 mu o kim che di tn

hot ng.

Hnh C.4 - Cc php o kim cho h thit b c cc di ng chnh

l mt phn ca ton b di tn hot ng (v d 2)

50