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Edit or I n Charge
Naing Sai Aung
Execut ive Edit or
Zaw Hein
News Edit or
Min Thint Thant
Edit ors
Shine Min, Sein Twemya
Chief Report er
Aung Aung
Senior Report ers
Khine Khine, Zwe, Wathan,
Mya Chit Nyo
Report ers
Wutt Yee, Tun Tun Oo
Translat ors
ZMO, CS, WH
Main Of f ice
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Phone: 02 33774
Publisher
Daw Kyu Kyu Win
(Temp-2101)
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pk oE mvI d i f (wmarG Nrd KUe, f )
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yd k I yf wJ h t wG ufum;awG Muyf NyD ; c&D ;aemuf
usw, f / a' goxG uf &w, f /
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aq.:._e_e:..ee.e.e._e:.a
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aMumi f hjyi f yES i f hajymqd k a&mi f ;0, f r&jzpf aeonf rS mES pf vcef Y
Mumjri f h cJ h NyD jzpf aMumi f ; qk d i f cef ;&S i f rsm;xH rS od &onf /
]]NyD ;cJ h wJ h at muf wd k bmvupNyD ; qk d i f cef ;awG u zk ef ;vd k i f ;
awGysufaewm/ zkef;vkdi f;aygi f; 400ausmf&SdwJht euf300
avmufajymr&bl;/ 100avmufyJ&w, f/ zkef;eJYt a&mi f;
0, fvkyf&wJh' kwd, xyfuydkqdk;wmaygh/ cP cP t dwfcsdef;
ud k oG m;ajymMuwmaMumi f ht d wf csd ef ;u 0ef xrf ;awmi f t vk yf
xG uf oG m;NyD }}[ k' k wd , xyf qk d i f cef ;&S i f wpf OD ;u ajymonf /
aps;csKd awmf t wG i f ; zk ef ;quf oG , f a&;0ef aqmi f rI ud kpnf
yi f om, mES i f h yk * vd uvk yf i ef ;wpf ck u aqmi f &G uf ay;ae&mpnf
yi fom, m0ef aqmi f rI ay;aomt d wf csd ef ;zk ef ;vk d i f ;quf oG , f a&;
onfoH k ;ES pf t wG i f ; ES pf Bud rf wk d i f wk d i f, ck uJ h od k Y ysuf pD ;rI jzpf ay:
cJ h NyD ; t csd ef Mumjri f h pG mjyKjyi f cJ h Mujci f ;aMumi f haps;ol aps;om;rsm;
epf emapcJ h onf [ k qd k onf /
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qufoG, fa&;udkTefw, f/ qufoG, fa&;uvnf; olwdkYeJY
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vk d i f ; 300cef Y rS m aumi f ;rG ef aeaomf vnf ; pnf yi f om, m
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t ay: aps;csKd qk d i f cef ;&S i frsm;u , ck uJ h od k Y ajymqd k aeMuonf /
zk ef ;vd k i f ;ajymr&jzpf aeaom aps;csKd qd k i f cef ;&S i f rsm;t ae
jzi f ht jref qH k ;jyKjyi f &efqE &S d aeMuNyD ; vd k t yf ygu t d wf csd ef ;
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bmpDvdkemudknaeydki f;avmufa&mufvdkY vef' efuae
10em&DMumat mi f vm&wJ hc&D ;t csd ef awG avQmh csEk d i f rS myg/
eH euf pmvef ' ef rS mpm;?aeY v, f pmyJ &pf rS mpm;NyD ; naepm
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c&D ;onf540 wi f aqmi f NyD ; wpf em&Drd k i f 180EI ef ;eJ Y
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aecsd ef rS m&moD Owkyd k NyD ;aEG ;axG ;wJ hajrxJ yi f v, f a' oud k
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oGm;zdkYjynfwGi f;t jref&xm;ajymi f;pD;cJh&mu yJ&pfuae
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yJ&pfblwmrSm&xm;ajymi f;pD;wJht csdef
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ygw, f/ eHeuf8;30, ldkpwm;
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t rDxG uf Ek d i f rS mjzpf ygw, f /
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[ d k uf uvD &D wd k Y ud k vnf ; oG m;a&muf Munf h I Ek d i f ygw, f /
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cG i f h r&&S d cJ h onf hausmi f ;om;?ausmi f ;
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t qdkygausmi f;wGi fConst-
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0wf &nf
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uxd uwpf OD ;xH rSod &onf /
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vsuf &S d aMumi f ; od &onf /
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16 Substitutes for "Because" or
"Because Of"
t *F vd yf bmomwG i ft aMumi f ;t usd K;
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\ aemuf u clause vd k uf onf / because of
onf*d bwfygpum;pkPhrasal Preposition
jzpf onf / ol \ aemuf u noun od k Y r[ k wf
pronoun vd k uf onf /
The picnic was canceled because it
was raining.
the picnic was canceled because of
the rain.
because i t was rai ni ng. (subj ect
vnf ;&S d onf / verb vnf ;&S donf / )
because of the rain.("the rain" onf
noun jzpf onf /
because ES i f hbecause of wd k Y \ wnf
aqmufyHkudkodvQi fat mufygt pm;xdk;
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1.As: jzpfonfht m;avsmfpGm?t ae
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As onfbecause \ t eD ;qH k ; t "d y m, f
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xuf enf ;enf ;aysmh onf [ k qd k Muonf /
Oyrm
"He opted not to go see the movie,
as it had gotten poor reviews" k yf &S i f
t uJ jzwfcsuf wG i ft qi f h ed rf h aeonf h t wG uf
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cJ h onf /
oH k ;EI ef ;rS wf om;a0g[ m&rsm;
all t m;vH k ; -t xl ;ojzi f huncountable
nouns rsm;ES i f h oH k ;onf /
all the/ this/ that/my etc
-He spends all his money on beer
and ci garet t es olydkufqHudkbD, meJYpD;
u&uf rS myJ oH k ;ypf w, f /
-He finished all my homework uRef
awmf h t vk yf awG t m;vH k ;NyD ;oG m;NyD /
-Did you eat all that bread? aygi f rk ef Y
awGt uk ef pm;ypf vd k uf wmvm;/
all of the/ this/ that/ my etc t m;vH k ;
jynf h jynf h 00
-I enjoyed the book although I didn't
understand all of it. ' D pmt k yf ud kt jynf h t 0
em;rvnf ayr, f hES pf Ncd Kuf w, f /
it all
-What's happened to the paint? Did
you use it all? aq;awGaumb, fvdkvJ/
t uk ef oH k ;ypf vk d uf vm;/
all day/ week/ year etc wpfaeYvHk;?
wpf ywf vH k ;?wpf ES pf vH k ;
-I spent all day cleaning the house.
wpf aeuk eft d rf oef Y &S i f ;a&; vk yf cJ h w, f /
All ES i f h all of rS mt "d y m, f wl yi f jzpf onf /
-The children ate all the food. = the
children ate all of the food.
aejynf awmf ?' D Zi f bm?14
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aejynf awmf aumi f pD e, f ajr
t wG i f ;&S djri f h rd k &f eef ;?Hotel Apple,
Famous Parame?aejynf awmf [ d ef ;?
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i Sm;&rf;wnf;cdkEdki frnfjzpfaMumi f;?
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EI ef ;t wd k i f ; a, bk , st m;jzi f h55
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27 Bud rf ajrmufqD ;*d rf ;Nyd Ki f yG J
rS maejynf awmf ?&ef uk ef ?rE av;?
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aqmi f &mrS mpum;rsm;cJ h w, f / t rsKd ;om;u zd eyf rsm;pG m&S d aew, f / zd eyf awG
~. . ~. . . e: ~. . :. .q . .. ._.:.,~. . .|... ~. ... .~
~. .... ~ . . .~: _~ .e. ~. ._.:. . ~. ''e ._.:. ._ .ZMO
t ar&duefEkdi fi He, l;*smpDjynfe, f&Sdt rsKd;om;wpfOD;onf
.. :~ . ~~ .. ~~,:q .~: _~: .:.. ~ ~ .,. ~ . q _. ..q
aomf vnf ; t ouf &S i f vsuf &S d aeaMumi f ; od &onf /
Ternton Nrd KUae xd k i f aomt ouf42ES pf &S dt ar&duef om;onf
t d yf &mrS Ed k ;csd ef wG i fausmuk ef ;emusi f rI ud kcH pm;cJ h &aomf vnf ; "m;pd k uf
.,. ~ .. . ~. ~ _e. . ~ .~:~ , .~.:.~ ~~ . ~ . ~:q
.:.q _ . ~ .,. ~ .~ q . _. . ..., ~ . q:. ~.~ q . . _~ . q
onf /
, .._ . ~ .: q~ ~ ~q~ ...:..:~ . ._. . ~ . .
jyef vmpOfxl ;jcm;rI r&S d bJt d yf &mxJ 0i f cJ h onf / t d yf &mrS xpOf"m;rS m
ausmuk ef ;t om;xJ pd k uf 0i f aecJ h &mpH k prf ;ppf aq;&efcuf cJ aMumi f ;?
, i f ; t jzpf ysuf ES i f h ywf ouf w&m;cH rzrf ;Ek d i f ao;aMumi f ; t ar&d uef
q _:,- ~:~, q . .:.~ ._.:. ._ . ZMO
._~: ~.~: ~~~ .~:
t m; t pmauR;Ed k i f a&;t wG ufai G
aMu;rsm;cdk;, lrIwpf&yf*syefEdki fi H
wG i fjzpf ay:cJ h aMumi f ;od &onf /
., . . .:. . . . ~ . .
onfrwl nD aom ES pf rsm;t wG i f ;
vuf0wf&wemrsm;ESi fh ai GaMu;
rsmud kcd k ;, l cJ h aMumi f ;? ck d ;, l rI aygi f ;
32 Bud rf ausmf vk yf aqmi f cJ h aMumi f ;
pG yf pG J cH &umpG J csuf wi f cH &onf /
., . q .:.~ , .._
aMumi f rsm;ud kcspf ci f ol jzpf NyD ; usef
t pmrsm;auR;jci f;xufMuufom;
ES i f hvwf qwf aomi g;rsm; auR;cJ h
aMumi f ;ajymqd k onf / *syef Ed k i f i Ht
aemuf yd k i f ; Izumi Nrd KU aexk d i f aom
.:. . . . ~ ._ ~. . .~ . ~.
._e. ~: , .~ ._~: ~.~:
aygi f ; 20 t jyi ft d rf t eD ;&S daMumi f
rsm;ES i f haygi f ;ygu aMumi f t aumi f
.q ~~~ .~: q q: . . , ~.:.~.
vsuf &S d onf /
._~:.:.~...: ~..,
vQi fa' :vm250uk ef us ai G aMu;
r&S d aomaMumi f h cd k ;, l rI rsm;usL;vG ef
cJ h jci f ;jzpf onf /
ZMO
aq;Hkv lemcef;t wGi f;&Sd
pdwfysuft m;i , faeaomvlrrm
wpfOD;udkaoqHk;rnfht csdeft m;
em&D u ajymqd k nT ef jycJ h rI ES i f hywf
ouf NAdwdefaq;ynm*sme, f
BMJ ~ . ~ .: ~ q~ ~ .e:
jycJ h onf / q&m0ef rsm;u ]]em&D [ m
vl emud kaoqH k ;r, f h t csd ef umv ud k
._.:~. . . ~. . ~, .~:
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, i f ;em&D ud ka&' D , d k ES i f h xd ef ;
csKyf xm;NyD ; rl &i f ;jzpf aom*smref
pum;rsm;ay:vmum *smref wG i f
t oH k ;jyKaomwl &uD t oHxG uf rsm;
jzpf aMumi f ; , i f ;*sme, f u azmf jy
cJhonf/ aemufydki f; t *Fvdyf
.:.:.~:.. _.,._.:..:..
&aMumi f ;?t *F vd yf pum;jzpf aom
Tue . ._.: .. . q: ~ _.. .:._e. .
&aMumi f ; a&mh cf I d i f ;, m;jynf e, f
&S uf zD ;Nrd KUG d Ki f &, f a[ mvef I d i f ;, m;
&S dq&m0ef rsm;u xk wf azmfajymqd k cJ h
onf / Ref: thenews,ZMO
wkwfEdki fi H t a&SUydki f;
Jiongxi a' oeef ;acsmi f ;Nrd KU&S dv, f
orm;wpf OD ;arG ;xm;aom0uf r
BuD ;rS0uf ayguf u av;arG ;zG m;cJ h &m
ur may:wG i fxl ;qef ;aomt jzpf
ysuf yH k oP mef ES i f h wl aomwd &p mef
~~ . .~ .|~ ._~: . . q._ .
t qdkyg 0ufuav;rSm
OD ;acgi f ;csi f ;quf umyg;pyfES pf ck ?
rsufpdoHk;vHk;ESi fhESmacgi f; ESpfck
.|~ . q: ~.:.~.:. . ..:~
&m t cuf t cJ rsm;jzpf ae&onf /
yd k i f &S i fjzpf ol v, f orm; Du
Gensheng ~ ~~ ~...e:.
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._ . ~. . . ..:~ e . . ~. .
usefwhJt &mawGuawmh yHkrSef
~~ ..|. ''e ._.:. ._ .
. ..| .. ..~ . .e ~
OD ;acgi f ;ES pf ck ygaomow 0grsm;rS m
xdcdkufrIt ajct aersm;pGm&Sdae
onf/urmay:wGi fOD;acgi f;csi f;
qufwd &p mef rsm; arG ;zG m;cJ h zl ;&m
2009 ckESpfwGi ft ar&duef
acgi f ;csi f ;quf aeaom ajrwpf
.~: ~~~_._ . . ~ _..
aMw; vs aMumi f wpf aumi f rS m
OD;acgi f;csi f;qufrIrsm; xl;qef;
pG mjzpf ay:cJ h zl ;aMumi f ; od &onf /
vuf &S d umv&S d0uf uav;
rS mt pm;t pmpm;&efcuf cJ aeNyD ;
t ouf&Si f&efBudK;pm;kef;uefrI
rsm;jyKvk yf &zG , f &S d aeonf /
ZMO
~ . . .:q ~.~ . .
t &G, ft rsdK;orD;BuD;wpfOD;onf
, .-~. .- ~ ,:~ . ._~: ...
cef ;oG m;jy&mrS wpf qi f h0rf ;Ad k uf t
wG i f ;wG i ft ouf42 ES pf t &G , f &S d
oaE om;wpf ck &S d aeaMumi f ; od &S d cJ h
&onf /
t qd k ygoaE om;rS m0rf ;Ad k uf
t wGi f;wGi fzGHUNzdK;rIt m;aumi f;NyD;
rmausmrI rsm;&S d aeonf hoaE om;
wpf ck jzpf aMumi f ; ud k vH bD , mq&m
0ef rsm;u t wnf jyKajymqd k Muonf /
..|~ ~: ~ .:q:. .q~ ~ ~ ~.
ygjzpf pOf ES i f h ywf ouf t pyd k i f ;wG i f
onf;ajcausmuft jzpfomawG;
xi f cJ h aMumi f ;xk wf azmf ajymqd k xm;
onf/ t qdkygt rsdK;orD;BuD;onf
ud k vH bD , mEd k i f i Hbd k ud k wmNrd KUwG i fae
xdki foljzpfNyD; oaEom;cGJpdwfrIudk
rMumrD wG i fjyKvk yf rnf jzpf ovd kcE m
ud k , f wG i fwpf oQL;rsm;ud k vnf ; jzwf
xk wf rI rsm;jyKvk yf awmh rnf jzpf aMumi f ;
od&onf/ a' gufwmuDrm&mrD;
q~ ~ ~ ~. ... .q ~. .- ~
t wG i f ;rS m&S d wJ h t csd KUt pd wf t yd k i f ;
awG [ maumi f ;rG ef rIr&S d awmh ygbl ;/
' gaMumi f h 0rf ;Ad k uf t wG i f ;rS moaE
om;jzpf ay:aerI ud k rod &S d cJ h wmyg/cG J
pd wf rI uawmhcuf cJ rI awG Mum;xJ u
. . ..: qe q .,~. '' e ._.:.
cJ h onf /
2009ckESpfuvnf; wkwf
. ~ .~:~ ~ . .:.~:.
&SdonfhoaEom;udkt ouf92
ES pf t &G , ft rsd K;orD ;wpf OD ;u vG , f
xm;cJhzl;aMumi f;?t qdkygausmuf
~..:.~:._ ....:..:
ouf wrf ; 60 ausmf &S d aMumi f ; rS wf
wrf ;rsm;t &od &S d cJ h &onf /
Ref: Emirate, ZMO
*syef 0ef BuD ;csKyf&S i f Zd k t mab;
u t mqD , H Ed k i f i H rsm;ES i f haumi f ;rG ef
ao mqufqHa&;&at mi fwnf
aqmuf rnf jzpf ovd ka' owG i f ;vH k
NcH Ka&;yd k rd k wd k ;wuf aumi f ;rG ef &ef ES i f h
t i f t m;oH k ;ajz&S i f ;rI rsm;ud ka&S mi f
MuOf oG m;rnf jzpf aMumi f ; *syef Ed k i f i H
wG i fjyKvk yf vsuf &S d aeonf ht mqD , H
-*syef xd yf oD ;t pnf ;t a0;yG J xk wf
azmf ajymqd k vd k uf onf /
vuf&Sdt csdefwGi f*syefEdki fi H
ES i f h wk wf Ed k i f i H wd k Y rS myd k i f euf e, f ajr
~_ .. :..~ q .,q: , .-._.:
qd k rI u awG ;jri f p&mrsm;pG mjzpf ap
aMumi f ; oH k ;oyf rI rsm;vnf ;&S d ae
onf /
&Si fZdkt mab;u]]uRefawmf
t m&Sypdzdwfa' orSmEdki fi HawG&JU
, Of aus;rI ud k t jyef t vS ef av;pm;
rI?pD;yGm;a&;ydkrdkaumi f;rGefat mi f
vk yf aqmi f a&;ES i f ha' owG i f ;vH k NcH K
a&;ud k vnf ; wd k ;wuf aumi f ;rG ef
at mi fvkyfaqmi fvdkygw, f}}[ k
ajymqd k cJ h onf /
NyD;cJhonfh oDwi f;ywfu
t a&S Uwk wf yi f v, f wG i f wk wf
. - ..._~: .q, ~:~ . .q.
ZkefwnfaqmufrIESi fhywfouf
wk wf Ed k i f i H ud k*syef ES i f h t ar&d uef wd k Y
uuef Y uG uf cJ h MuNyD ; umuG , f a&;Zk ef
t wGi f;odkY wdkufav, mOfrsm;0i f
a&muf ysH oef ;cJ h rI aMumi f h wk wf
Ed k i f i H ES i f h*syef Ed k i f i H Mum;wi f ;rmrI rS m
t jri f h qH k ;t ajct aeod k Y a&muf &S d ae
cJ h onf / wk wf Ed k i f i H onfawmi f w
k wf yi f v, f wG i f vnf ; t mqD , H a'
oEd k i f i H rsm;ES i f hyd k i f euf e, f ajrt ji i f ;
yG m;rI rsm;&S d aeqJ jzpf onf /
*syef Ed k i f i H t aejzi f ht mqD , H
Ed k i f i H rsm;ES i f h quf qH a&;yd k rd k wd k wuf
a&;t wGuft ar&duefa' :v m
bD vD , H20 t ul nD ay;xm;ovd k
pD ;yG m;a&;zG H UNzd K;wd k ;wuf at mi fvk yf
aqmi fEdki fa&;t wGuft a<u;jzi fh
ai Gacs;rIrsm;vnf;jyKvkyfrnfjzpf
aMumi f ; aMunmxm;onf /t mab;
u ]]quf qH rI wpf pd wf wpf yd k i f ;t jzpf
t a<u;eJ Y t ar&d uef a' :vmbD vD
, H20ud kacs;rS myg/ t mqD , H Ed k i f i H awG
eJ Yt em*wf rS myd k rd k yl ;aygi f ;aqmi f &G uf
Edki fzdkYvdkvm;ygw, f/ Edki fi Hwum
t od k i f ;t 0d k i f ;eJ Y vnf ; xd awG Uquf
qH rI yd k i f ;yd k rd k vk yf aqmi f r, f }}[ kajym
qd k cJ h onf /
t i f ' d k eD ;&S m;or w ql qD vd k
brf bef ;url a' owG i f ;wnf Ni d rf
at ;csrf ;a&;t wG ufwk wf ES i f h*syef
Mum;quf qH a&;aumi f ;rG ef rI u t "d
~~._~: . , .~ . . . . :
a' owG i f ;wG i f t jri f rwl rI rsm;&S d ae
pd k ;&d rf rI rsm;ud k jzpf apaMumi f ; xk wf
azmf ajymqd k cJ h onf /
Ref:Reuters'Japan time
ZMO
jref rmEd k i f i H yd k i f euf t wG i f ;t d E d , t pd k ;&
ud kqef Y usi f wk d uf cd k ufvsuf &S d aeaomt zG J Ursm;ud k
cd k vI H cG i f h ay;rnf r[ k wf aMumi f ; jref rmppf buf
wm0ef &S d ol rsm;u uwd ay;cJ haMumi f ; Zee new
owi f ;Xmeu azmf jyoG m;cJ h onf /
jrefrmppfbuft BuD;t uJrsm;rSmNyD;cJh
aom&uf yd k i f ;u t d Ed , Ed k i f i H od k YoG m;a&muf cJ h &m
t d Ed , or w y&meuf rl cg[ D *sD ES i f hawG UqH k pOf
' k wd , wyf rawmf umuG , f a&;OD ;pD ;csKyf Ad k vf
csKyf BuD ;pd k ;0i f ;uajymqd k cJ h jci f ;vnf ;jzpf onf /
2012ck ES pfarvu jref rmEd k i f i H or wES i f h
t d Ed , 0ef BuD ; csKyfref rd k [ ef qi f ;wd k Y awG UqH k pOf u
vnf ; t d Ed , t pd k ;&t m; awmf vS efaeol rsm;ud k
jrefrmydki feuft wGi f; ppfa&;av husi fhcGi fh?
t jcm;aomi f ; usef ;ol t zG J Ursm;ES i f h yl ;aygi f ;vI yf
&S m;rI jyKvk yf aprnf r[ k wf aMumi f ; jref rmor w
uajymqd k zl ;onf /
jref rmEd k i f i H ES i f ht d Ed , Ed k i f i H wd k Y onfNyD ;cJ h
aomESpfESpft wGi f;e, fpyfa' o ppfa&;yl;
aygi f;aqmi f&Gufa&;aqmi f&Guf&efoabm
~ _ . .. _., .:. - . .q.. . .. :..q.
jyKjyi f ajymi f ;vJ rI rsm; t d Ed , u ul nD ay;&ef
oabmwl nD xm;cJ h onf /
_., .:. - . ~ .~. ..~: ~:~ .
OD ;pD ;csKyf u Ni d rf ;csrf ;a&;rS mt a&;BuD ;NyD ; e, f pyf
a' o yl ;aygi f ;aqmi f &G uf rnf jzpf umt d Ed ,
ESi fhyl;aygi f;aqmi f&Guf&eft NrJwrf;t oi fh&Sd
aMumi f ; ajymqd k cJ h onf /
ZMO
tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;ESif h vHkNcHKa&;wkd;jrifhaqmif&Guf&efESifhulnDrIay;&ef *syef0efBuD;csKyfvdkvm;
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renf ; aoqH k ;cJ h &aMumi f ; ABC owi f ;wpf&yf wG i f azmf jyoG m;cJ h onf /
wk wf Ed k i f i H t aemuf yd k i f ; XinJiang Nrd KU&S dausmuf rD ;aoG ;puf H k wG i f
ayguf uG J rI jzpf yG m;cJ h jci f ;jzpf &mt vk yf orm;rsm;rS mpuf H k t wG i f ;
yd wf rd vsuf &S d aecJ h NyD ; 12 OD ;ud k omu, f wi f Ed k i f cJ h aMumi f ; od &onf /
~. .|...- . _. .q.. q: ~:~, q . .:.~ .~:~ . .
aoG ;rd k i f ;vk yf om; 21 OD ;aoqH k ;cJ h aMumi f ;?wpf OD ;rS m' P f &m&&S d cJ h NyD ;
pH k prf ;ppf aq;rI rsm;jyKvk yf vsuf &S d aeaMumi f ; ' D Zi f bm13 &uf wG i f
~~_ _.._.:. . :.._ . ~, ~ . - .~ , .:.. .~:~
rD;aoG;vkyfi ef;rsm;rSmab;t E&m, fui f;&Si f;rIydki f;wGi furmh
t qi f h wG i f r&S d aMumi f ;?ausmuf rD ;aoG ;vk yf i ef ;rsm;rS mrMumcP
ayguf uG J rI ES i f ha&vT rf ;rd k ;rI rsm;jzpfay:vsuf &S d aecJ h onf /
ab;t E &m, f ui f ;&S i f ;rI yd k i f ;yd k rd k aumi f ;rG ef at mi fNyD ;cJ h onf h
ES pf rsm;wG i fvk yfaqmi f cJ h &maoqH k ;rI yrmP avsmhuscJ h aomf vnf ;
pnf ;rsOf ;pnf ;urf ;ES i f h ywf ouf I yf axG ;rI rsm;&S d aeaomaMumi f h
ab;t E&m, fui f;&Si f;rIydki f;vkyfaqmi f&mwGi fcufcJrIrsm;&Sdae
aMumi f ;od &S d &onf / ZMO
tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;ESif h vHkNcHKa&;wkd;jrifhaqmif&Guf&efESifhulnDrIay;&ef *syef0efBuD;csKyfvdkvm;
xd k i f ;Ed k i f i H \ t "d uppf buf
qk d i f &mt BuD ;t uJ rsm;onft pd k ;&
udkjzKwfcs&efawmi f;qdkvsuf&Sdae
aomqEjyol rsm;\ arw m&yf cH rI
ud kji i f ;qef y, f cscJ h ovk dqE jyol
rsm;ES i f ht pd k ;&wyf zG J Ursm;Mum; aqG ;
aEG;ndEIdi f;rIrsm;jyKv kyf&efwdkuf
wG ef ;oG m;cJ h aMumi f ; CNA owi f ;wG i f
a&;om;azmf jyoG m;cJ h onf /
' D Zi f bm14 &uf u xd k i f ;Ed k i f i H
befaumufNrdKUwGi fqEjyacgi f;
aqmi f ql ouf ES i f hxk d i f ;Ad k vf csKyf BuD ;
rsm;awG UqH k cJ h &mjynf ol rsm;buf rS
&yf wnf a&;ES i f hxd k i f ;Ed k i f i H a&;jy
emudkt jrefqHk; t qHk;owf&ef
t wG ufppf wyf u ul nD ay;apvd k
aMumi f ; ql ouf uawmi f ;qd k cJ h onf /
xdki f;ppfbufqdki f&mt BuD;
t uJThanasak Patimaprakor u
]]xd k i f ;ppf wyf [ mppf Oya' ud kvd k uf
em&r, f / t xl ;ojzi f h, ck vd k wd k i f ;
jynf rwnf Ni d rf wJ ht csd ef rsd K;rS mjy
emudkajz&Si f;zdkYt aumi f;qHk;enf;
vrf ;uawmhaph pyf aqG ;aEG ;csi f ;om
jzpf ygw, f }}[ k xk wf azmf ajymqd k oG m;cJ h
onf /
xd k i f ;Ed k i f i H wG i fEd k i f i H a&;rwnf
Ni d rf rI rsm;aMumi f hvT wf awmf ud k jzwf
od rf ;xm;um, m, D t pd k ;&zG J Uxm;NyD ;
, i f vwf u 0ef BuD ;csKyf t jzpfwm
0ef , l qJ jzpf ovd kvmrnf h azazmf 0g&D
vqef ;wG i fa&G ;aumuf yG J usi f ;y&ef
pD pOf xm;cJ h onf /
o dkYao mfqEjyo lrsm;u
, i f vwf t pd k ;&Ek wf xG uf a&;ud k om
awmi f ;qd k vsuf &S d ae&mt pd k ;&jzKwf
cs&efppf wyf \ t ul t nD ud k awmi f ;
cH cJ h jci f ;vnf ;jzpf onf / xd k i f ;Ed k i f i H
ork d i f ; Ed k i f i H a&;rwnf Ni d rf rI jzpf csd ef
wG i fppf wyf rS yg0i f ywf ouf umppf
wyf t mP mod rf ;rI rsm;jyKvk yf cJ h zl ;NyD ;
1932 aemufydki f;rSvuf&Sdumv
t x dppft mP modrf;rIESi fhppf
t mP mod rf ;&ef Bud K;yrf ;rI18 Bud rf
t xd &S d cJ h aMumi f ;od &onf / qE jyol
rsm;t aejzi f ha&G ;aumuf yG J ud k vuf r
cHbJe, fy, fpHkrSuRrf;usi folrsm;
yg0i f onf hjynf ol Uaumi f pD ud k zG J Upnf ;
&ef v dkv m;v suf&SdaeaMumi f;
owi f;rsm;vnf;xGufay:vsuf&Sd
aeonf / ' k wd , 0ef BuD ;csKyf a[ mi f ;
jzpf olql ouf u t pd k ;&jzKwf csa&;ud k
omt qH k ;pG ef t xdvk yf aqmi f oG m;
rnfjzpfaMumi f;NyD;cJhonfh&ufydki f;
wG i fxyf rH ajymqd k cJ h onf / ql ouf u
]]uRef awmf wd k Y &J UqE jyrI [ maemuf
xyfwpfESpfeD;yg;Mum&i fvnf;Mum
oG m;Ed k i f w, f / jynf ol rsm;yg0i f ywf
ouf rI rsm;jym;zd k Y vd k w, f / ' D vd k rsd K;qE
jyrI awG aMumi f hjynf ol awG xd cd k uf epf
emrI &S d w, f qd k wmod ygw, f / vuf &S d
umvrS m, m, D t pd k ;&ut mP m&S d
aeqJ ygyJ / rMumrD rS mt pk d ;&t zG J U&J U
qHk;jzwfcsufudkt wdt usodv dk
w, f}}[ kxkwfazmfajymqdkoGm;cJh
onf/ 0efBuD;csKyf, i fv wfurl
qE jyol rsm;\ awmi f ;qd k rI ud k vuf
rcH ovd kqE jyol rsm;ES i f h vnf ; awG U
qH k aqG ;aEG ;rnf r[ k wf aMumi f ;?a&G ;
aumuf yG J ud kquf vuf vk yf aqmi f
rnfjzpfNyD; jzLx dki f;ygwDESi fht wl
yg0i f , S Of Nyd Ki f rI rsm; jyKvk yf rnf jzpf
aMumi f ;aMunmxm;onf / ZMO
jyi fopfavaMumi f;vdki f;
onfNyD;cJhonfh&ufykdi f;u AHk;
azmufcGJrnf[ kNcdrf;ajcmufcH&
rIaMumi fhav, mOft a&;ay:
qi f ;ouf cJ h &umAH k ;ES i f h ywf ouf
pHkprf;ppfaq;&SmazGrIrsm;udk
Ai f eD ZG J vm;t mP myd k i f rsm;uvk yf
aqmi f cJ h &aMumi f ;od &onf /
Ai feDZGJv m;Edki fi Hum&m
uuf Nrd KUt eD ;&S dMaiquetia Ed k i f i H
wumavqd yf wG i fjyi f opf av
aMumi f;vdki f;rsm;ajy;qGJysHoef;
vsuf &S d ae&mt Murf ;zuf orm;
t k yf pk rSAH k ;cG J wk d uf cd k uf rnf [ kNcd rf ;
ajcmuf cJ h rI ud kjyi f opf t mP myd k i f
rsm;uowd ay;cJ h NyD ;aemuf, i f ;
uJhodkYv kyfaqmi fcJhjci f;v nf;
jzpfonf/ Ai feDZGJv m;Edki fi H\
w&m;a&;0ef BuD ; rD *G , f d k ' &D *G wf Zf
u ]]jyi f opf axmuf vS rf ;a&;awG &J U
owi f ; ay;rI ud k vuf cH &&S d cJ h w, f /
jyi fopfeJYAi feDZGJv m;Edki fi Hudk
wdkufdkufajy;qGJaewJhjyi fopf
avaMumi f ;vd k i f ;rS mAH k ;cG J rI awG vk yf
r, fv dkYowi f;ay;cJhw, f}}[ k
ajymqd k onf / xd k uJ h od k Y jzpf ay:NyD ;
aemuft qdkygavaMumi f;vdki f;
ysHoef;rIESi fhywfouf c&D;pOf
t csd KU&yf em;cJ h &aMumi f ; od &onf /
Ai f eD ZG J vm;Ed k i f i H \ axmuf
vSrf;a&;uRrf;usi fol65OD;yg
aomt zG J UonfAH k ;azmuf cG J &rnf
[ kNcd rf ;ajcmuf cH &aomjyi f opf
av, mOf ud kt ao;pd wf ppf aq;
rI rsm;vk yf aqmi f cJ h &aMumi f ;od &
onf / jyi f opf av, mOf onfpH k
prf ;ppf aq;rI jyKvk yf NyD ; aemuf jyef
vnfxGufcGmrIjyKvkyfoGm;onf
[ k od &onf / t Murf ;zuform;
rsm;onfazmufcGJrIudkAi feDZGJ
vm;Ed k i f i H NrKd Uawmfum&muwf od k Y r
[ k wfjyi f opf Ed k i f i H Nrd KUawmf yJ &pf
Nrd KUES pf ck t eufrnf onf h Nrd KUwG i f
AH k ; azmuf cG J rI rsm;ud kjyKvk yf rnf qd k
onf h t csuf t m; rod &S d &aMumi f ;
xk wf jyef aomowi f ;rsm; azmf
jyxm;onf /
Ai f eD ZG J vm;t mP myd k i f rsm;
onf NyD ;cJ h onf h puf wi f bmvu
jyi f opf ES i f hAi f eD ZG J vm;od k YysH oef ;
vsuf &S d aeaomjyi f opf av, mOf
ay:wG i frl ;, pf aq; 1 ' or 4
wef ud k zrf ; qD ;cJ h zl ;onf / xd k Y t jyi f
t ar&dueft mP mykdi frsm;u
vnf ; t a&S Ut v, fyd k i f ;&S d t Murf ;
zuf t k yf pk onfAi f eD ZG J vm;Ed k i f i H
wG i ft Murf ;zuf vk yfi ef ;rsm;vk yf
aqmi f &efBud K;yrf ;zG , f &S d aeonf
[ kowday;rIrsm;jyKv kyfx m;
onf/ xdkYt wGufaMumi fhAi feD
ZGJvm;t mP mydki frsm;onft
Murf ; zuf orm;rsm;ES i f h ywf ouf
aomzk ef ;ajymqd k rI rsm;ud kt "d u
apmi f h Munf h ae&aMumi f ;?t Murf ;
zuf orm;rsm;u rnf uJ h od k Y wd k uf
cd k uf rnf ud k t wd usrod &S d &aMumi f ;
Ai f eD ZG J vm;&J wyf zG J Ut BuD ;t uJ u
xk wf azmf ajymqd k cJ h onf /
ZMO
(Ref :BBC)
t ar&duefEdki fi Hzavmf&D' g
jynf e, f &S dt ouf62 ES pf t &G , f
a0gh wmvf qef wD &m*d kqd k ol onf NyD ;
cJhonfh&ufydki f;u ol\ ajr;t m;
ausmi f ;od k Y yd k Y pOf wG i faoewf ypf cwf
rI cH &umOD ;acgi f ;t wG i f ;usnf qef
0i f a&muf cJ h aomf vnf ; aoqH k ;rI rS
vG wf ajrmuf cJ h aMumi f ;od &S d &onf /
, .~.,_e .~: .. . .
wG i facsmi f ;ajrmi f ;ypf cwf rI cH cJ h &
, . ~ ~_ ., ~ . , . ._~: .. q
&onf / od k Y aomfusnf qef rS mOD ;
acgi f ;t wG i f ;od k Ypd k uf 0i f aecJ h aomf
vnf ; jyef vnf cG J xk wf umajcmuf
csufeD;yg;csKyfcJh&aMumi f; q&m0ef
rsm;uajymqd k onf /
qef wD &m*d k u ]]acgi f ;ud k vm
xd csd ef rS mbmrS ef ;rod cJ h ygbl ;/ aemuf
yd k i f ;rS omaoewf usnf qef qd k wmud k
od&SdcJh&w, f/ uHaumi f;w, fvdkYyJ
qd k &r, f / uRef awmh f &J Uusnf qef [ m
OD ; acgi f ;t wG i f ;ud k pd k uf 0i f aeNyD ; ao
aprIawGjzpfEdki fw, f}}[ kajymqdk
onf / pH k prf ;ppf aq;a&;t &m&S d rsm;
u acsmi f ;ajrmi f ;vk yf MuH rI jzpf zG , f &S d
aMumi f ;?aoewf usnf qef pd k uf 0i f
onf h ae&mrS maoqH k ;rI jzpf apaomf
vnf ; aoqH k ;rI r&S d jci f ;rS mt vG ef uH
aumi f ;aMumi f ;?OD ;acgi f ;\ t wG i f ;
yd k i f ;xJ od k Ypd k uf 0i f cJ h jci f ;jzpf aMumi f ;?
aoewf ud kt awmf a0;a0;rSypf cwf
rI aMumi f ht &S d ef enf ;onf [ k, l q&
aMumi f ;ES i f ht eD ;uyf ypf rnf qd k vQi f
aoqHk;rIjzpfvmEdki faMumi f; xkwf
azmf ajymqd k cJ h onf /
ZMO(Ref :VN)
NyD ;cJ h onf hoD wi f ;ywf t wG i f ;
wG i fajrmuf ud k &D ;, m;Ed k i f i H \ ' k wd ,
t mP mt &S d qH k ; csef qG ef ouf ud kuG yf
rsuf vd k uf NyD ;aemufwk wf Ed k i f i H wG i f
pD ;yG m;a&;vk yf i ef ;rsm; vk yf ud k i f vsuf
&S d aeaomajrmuf ud k &D ;, m;vk yf i ef ;
&Si frsm;udkajrmufudk&D;, m;acgi f;
aqmi fui f *sH Kt ef u ' D Zi f bm14
&uf wG i frd ci f Ed k i f i H od k Y jyef vm&efqi f h
ac:cJ h aMumi f ; BBC owi f ;wpf &yf
wGi fazmfjyoGm;cJhonf/ , i f;uJhodkY
vkyfaqmi fjci f;rSmwkwfEdki fi HESi fh
pD ;yG m;a&;yl ;aygi f ;aqmi f &G uf &efvd k
vm;cJ h aomcsef qG ef ouf ud kaxmuf
cH onf hpD ;yG m;a&;orm;rsm;t m; xyf
rH owf jzwf &efvk yf aqmi f jci f ;jzpf
zG , f &S d onf [ koH k ;oyf rI rsm;vnf ;&S d
aeMuonf /
awmi fudk&D;, m;Edki fi Hurl
ajrmuf ud k &D ;, m;acgi f ;aqmi fui f
~,._,.-~:-:~__.
a&;t wG uf vk yf aqmi f jci f ;jzpf zG , f
&S d onf [ k, H k Munf vsuf &S d aeonf /
ajrmuf ud k &D ;, m;rSEd k i f i H acgi f ;aqmi f
wpf OD ;ud kuG yf rsuf cJ h rI aMumi f hEd k i f i H
wumt od k i f ;t 0k d i f ;rSt jyi f ;t xef
a0zefrIrsm;vnf; &SdaeMuonf/
ui f *sH Kt ef onfwk wf Ed k i f i HShen-
yang Nrd KUES i f hDandong Nrd KU&S dajrmuf
udk&D;, m;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfi ef;&Si frsm;
ud kjyef vnf ac:, l jci f ;jzpf aMumi f ;
awmi f ud k &D ;, m; , G ef [ uf owi f ;
pmuazmfjycJhonf/ x dkYt jyi f
ajrmuf ud k &D ;, m; onf wk wf Ed k i f i H &S d
ajrmuf ud k &D ;, m;t pd k ;&t zG J UrSwm
0ef&Sdolrsm;udkvnf; jyefvnfac:
, l zG , f &S d aeonf [ kowi f ;rsm;xG uf
ay:vsuf &S d aeonf /
ajrmuf ud k &D ;, m;owi f ;Xme
wpf ck u ]]pD ;yG m;a&;vk yf i ef ;&S i f awG
udkjyefac:rIawG&Sdaew, f/ ' g[ m
' k wd , acgi f ;aqmi f aoqH k ;rI eJ Y awmh
ywf ouf Ed k i f zG , f r&S d ygbl ;}}[ kazmf jy
cJ h onf / ajrmuf ud k &D ;, m;Ed k i f i H t ae
jzi fhpD;yGm;a&;vkyfi ef;&Si frsm;udk
jyef vnf ac:, l cJ h rI aMumi f hajrmuf uk d
&D;, m;ESi fhqufqHrIudkuefYowfrI
rsm;jyKvk yf &awmh rnf [ kwk wf Ed k i f i H
yd k i fowi f ;pmrsm;u a&;om;azmf
jyvsuf &S d aeonf / ZMO
wleD;&Sm;Edki fi H\ t mP m&yg
wDjzpf aomt p vmr pf t ef euf ' gyg
wD ES i f h t wd k uf t cH ygwD wd k Y Mum; aqG ;
aEG ;rI jyKvk yf NyD ;aemufpuf rI 0ef BuD ;
jzpfaomruf' D*sdKrmudk0efBuD;csKyf
t jzpf cef Y t yf &ef oabmwl nD rI&&S d
cJ h aMumi f ; od &S d &onf / NyD ;cJ h onf h &uf
yk d i f ;u t i f ' d k eD ;&S m;Ed k i f i H \ Ed k i f i H a&;yg
wD rsm;awG UqH k aqG ;aEG ;NyD ;0ef BuD ;csKyf
cefY&eft rnfpm&i f;wi foGi f;cJh&m
ajcmuf OD ;xJ *sd KrmrS myg0i f cJ h onf /
,.._~,.q:.~,_~...
&mxl;udkvmrnfhESpfa&G;aumufyGJ
usi f;ycsdeft xdwm0ef, lrnfjzpf
aMumi f ; od &S d &onf / wl eD ;&S m;Ed k i f i H
wG i f, ck ES pf t apmyd k i f ;u t wd k uf cH
Edki fi Ha&;orm;ESpfOD;vkyfBuHcHcJh&
Ed k i f i H a&;jy emjzpf yG m;rIt &S d ef jri f h
vsuf &S d aecJ h onf / t mP m&ygwD ES i f h
t wdkuft cHygwDMum;wGi fv nf;
vk yf BuH rI ES i f h ywf ouf pG yf pG J a0zef
rI rsm;&S d aecJ h &mqE jyrI rsm;rMumcP
jzpfaecJhonf/ xdkYt wGufaMumi fh
Edki fi Ha&;orm;rsm;u vmrnfha&G;
aumufyGJw&m;rQwrIr&Sdrnfudk
pd k ;&d rf vsuf &S d aecJ h onf /
wl eD ;&S m;Ed k i f i H wG i f2011ck ES pf
u ES pf aygi f ;rsm;pG mMumat mi f t k yf
csKyf cJ h aomt pd k ;&ud k vl xk t H k <urI jzi f h
jzKwfcscJhNyD;aemuf' Drdkua&pDazmf
aqmi f&efvdkvm;vsuf&Sdaeaomf
vnf ; Ed k i f i H a&;ygwD rsm;Mum;t jri f
rwl rI rsm;&S d aeojzi f hxd yf wd k uf awG UqH k
rI rsm;&S d aeaMumi f ;od &onf / ZMO
xd k if ;qE jyol rsm;\arw m&yf cH rI ud k ppf buf qd k if &m tBuD ;tuJ rsm;jiif ;qef
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SSUSE.1, NO.1, 20 DECEMBER 2013
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jref rmEk d i f i H rSt d rf azmf vk yf ud k i f vd k ol rsm;ud kw&m;0i f ac:, l cG i f h
vd k i f pi f &&efBud K;pm;aeonf h t wG ufjref rmEk d i f i H onfa[ mi f aumi f
t d rf azmfvd k t yf csuf t wG uf aps;uG uf wpf ck jzpf vmvd rf h rnf [ k
South China Morning Post owi f ;pmu a&;om;azmf jyvd k uf
onf /
a[ mi faumi ft ajcpdkuft vkyform;at *si fpDwpfck\
t qd k t &a[ mi f aumi f jref rmoH H k ; t &m&S d wpf OD ;u a[ mi f aumi f
at *si f pDrsm;t aejzi f ht d rf azmf ac:, l cG i f hvd k i f pi f ud kjref rmoH H k ;
avQmuf xm;Ed k i f rnf jzpf aMumi f ; ajymMum;cJ h onf /
a[ mi f aumi f t vk yf orm; at *si f pD rsm;t aejzi h fjref rm
Ek d i f i H rSw&m;0i f t d rf azmf ac:, l Ek d i f a&; ES pf aygi f ;rsm;pG mBud K;pm;cJ h
aomf vnf ; t cG i f h t vrf ;wpf cgrSrBuH KcJ h zl ;aMumi f ;?aemuf vxJ
wG i fjref rmEk d i f i H od k YoG m;a&muf NyD ; t pd k ;&t mP myd k i f rsm;ES i f hawG UqH k
n d Ed I i f ;&ef &S d aMumi f ; a[ mi f aumi f t vk yf orm; ac:, la&;at *si f pD
wpf ck \ wm0ef &S d olTeresa Tsui-lan u ajymonf /
NyD ;cJ h onf h arvt wG i f ;uvnf ; a[ mi f aumi f Ed k i f i H onf
t i f' dkeD;&Sm;t vkyform; 11OD;udkyxrqHk;w&m;0i fac:, lcJh
aMumi f ;od &onf / a[ mi f aumi f t d rf azmft rsm;pk onfzd vpf yd k i f
ES i f ht i f ' d k eD ;&S m;Ek d i f i H rsm;rSjzpf MuNyD ; t i f ' d k eD ;&S m; Ek d i f i H onfEk d i f i H jcm;
t d rf azmf vk yf ud k i frI ud k2017t xdyd wf yi f xm;onf h t wG uft jcm;
Ed k i f i H rsm;rSt d rf azmft vk yf orm;rsm;ud kac:, l &efat *si f pD rsm;u
Bud K;pm;aeMujci f ;jzpf onf /
rsKd ;rsKd ;
wu od k vf q&m?q&mrrsm;
\ aea&;?xd k i f a&;ES i f hywf ouf
t pdk;&\ aqmi f&Gufcsufrsm;udk
rauseyfonfht wGufwuodkvf
ajcmufckudkudk, fpm;jyKNyD; zGJUpnf;
xm;onf hwu od k vf q&m?q&mr
rsm;t oi f ;u t a&;ay:aMunm
csuf wpf apmi f xk wf jyef vd k uf onf /
&efukefwuodkvf?&efukef
t a&SUydki f;wuo dkv f?&efukef
t aemufydki f;wuodkvf?' *Hkwu
od k vf ?rE av;wu od k vf ES i f hppf awG
wu od k vf ponf hwu od k vf ajcmuf
ckrSwuodkvfq&m?q&mrrsm;
t oi f ;u ynma&;0ef BuD ;Xme\
pDrHcefYcGJrIrsm;udkrauseyfonfh
t wG uf, i f ;aMunmcsuf ud k xk wf
jyef vd k uf jci f ;jzpf aMumi f ; od &onf /
&efukefwuodkv f q&m?
q&mrrsm;ES i f hausmi f ;ol ?ausmi f ;
om;rsm;a&mNyD; ae&mcsxm;onfh
t wGuf roi fhavsmfjci f;aMumi fh
aMunmcsufx kwfjyefjci f;jzpf
aMumi f; &efukefwuodkv fq&m
rsm;t oi f ;t zG J U0i fa' guf wmpd k i f ;
cd k i f rsKd ;xG ef ;uajymonf /
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awG ?0ef xrf ;awG ud k10 &uf t wG i f ;
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u q&m?q&mrawG ?ausmi f ;om;?
ausmi f;olawGudka&mxm;r, f/
' grjzpfoi fhwJh t aet xm;yg/
aemufwpfcku pmoi faqmi fudk
ausmi f;olaqmi fqdkNyD;v kyfr, f/
t Jvdkvkyfr, fh[ mawGu wu, f
wrf ;usawmhrjzpf oi f h wJ h t &mawG
aygh/ , ckawmha&mNyD;vkyfaewJh
t aet xm;aygh/ ' gudkuRefawmf
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onf /
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ae ausmi f ;om;?ausmi f ;ol rsm;ud k
vuf cH &m vd k t yf onf h t aqmuf
t t Hk?y&dabm*rsm; v Hkav muf
at mi fBud Kwi f pD rH jci f ;r&S d bJvuf cH
aeaMumi f;?t csKdUwuodkvfrsm;
ausmi f ;om;?ausmi f ;ol rsm;t wG uf
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qufv uf &efukefwu
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aexdki fcJhMuonfha&Tbdkaqmi fESi fh
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t jzpf ajymi f ;vJ &efjyi f qi f aeonf h
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ausmi f ;om;a[ mi f ;rsm;u &ef uk ef
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aMumi f ;owi f ;pm&S i f ;vi f ;yG JjyKvk yf
cJ h ao;onf /
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rsm;rSa>rqd yf ajzaq;xk wf vk yf &&S d
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ES i f h t d E d , xk wfa>rqd yf ajzaq;rsm;
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t rS wf -25?4-vT m(, m)?135vrf ;aet d rf
wG i faexk d i f onf hOD ;armi f at ;qk d ol t m;
wmarG Nrd KUe, f &J pcef ;rSe, f xd ef ;t zG J Uacgi f ;
aqmi f' k &J t k yf &ef ri f ;vG i f ES i f h pcef ;rS L;?Nrd KU
e, f rS L;wd k Y t ygt 0i ft i f t m; 40cef Y rS
t d rf wH cg;zG i f h ay;&ef vuf euf jzi f h Ncd rf ;
ajcmuf rI rsm;&S d cJ h jci f ;aMumi f h&J vk yf xH k ;vk yf
enf ;rsm;ES i f h rnD [ k qd k umum, uH &S i f \
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Ou |ES i f hjynf xJ a&;0ef BuD ;Xmet ygt 0i f
ouf qk d i f &mXmersm;od k Ypmyd k Y wk d i f Mum;xm;
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t jcm;t &yf 0wfvl40cef Y onfrjri f h 0i f ;
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um wH cg;zG i f h ay;&efawmi f ;qd k cJ h onf /
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wmvd k Y ajymw, f / zrf ;0&rf ;vnf ;rygbl ;/
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v ma&muf zrf;qD;jci f;cH&ol
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vdkYajymw, f/ bmaMumi fhzrf;wmvJqdk
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w, f / t J ' gqd kaemuf aeY H k ;ud k vmcJ h r, f
vd k Y ajymvd k uf w, f / t J ' gud k rjyef ao;bJ eJ Y
t wi f ;0i f a&muf zrf ;qD ;zd k Y Bud K;pm;w, f /
aemuf awmh rSNrd KUe, f rS L;qD zk ef ;quf NyD ;jyef
oG m;Muwm}}[ kajymonf /
OD;armi fat ;aexkdi f&m&yfuGuf
onfrGwfpv i fv lrsKd;t rsm;pkaex kdi f
aom&yfuGufjzpfNyD; bmoma&;y#dyu
rsm;aMumi f h&yf uG uf t E &m, f rjzpf ap&ef
pkzGJUui f;apmi fhrIrsm; jyKvkyfavh&Sdjci f;
aMumi fh, ckuJhodkYvma&mufzrf;qD;&ef
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awG UqH k NyD ;jzpf umrnf onf h jy emrQr&S d
aMumi f ;ajymMum;onf /
]]aexkdi f&m&yfuGufu rGwfpvi f
rsm;wJ h &yf uG uf ud k' D vd k 0k ef ;0k ef ;eJ Y vmNyD ;zrf ;
wJht cgusawmhem;vnfrIvGJoGm;&i fr
aumi f ;ygbl ;/ ' D vd k vk yf &yf [ my#d yu jzpf
at mi f zef wD ;w, f vk d Y xi f w, f / ' gaMumi f h
t xuf ud k wi f jywk d i f Mum;xm;ygw, f }}[ k
OD ;armi f pd k ;u ajymjycJ h onf /
ri f ;0 ef
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System) rS wpf qi f hcsd wf quf avQmuf xm;cG i f hjyKcJ h&mvuf &S d Nrd KUe, f aygi f ;12
Nrd KUe, f t xdt G ef vd k i f ;rSavQmuf xm;Ek d i f NyD jzpf onf [ k&ef uk ef Nrd KUawmfpnf yi f
om, ma&;aumf rwD Nrd KUjypD rH ud ef ;ES i f hajr, mpD rH cef Y cG J rI XmerSod &S d &onf /
vuf &S dOnline System jzi f havQmuf xm;aqmi f &G uf onf ht rI wG J aygi f ;
2600ausmf &S d aeNyD ;vmrnf h2014Zef e0g&D v wG i f vnf ;Nrd KUe, f rsm;ok d Ywd k ;csJ U
aqmi f &G uf Ek d i f a&;pD pOf aeaMumi f ;ud k vnf ;t qd k ygXmerS od &S d &onf /
&ef uk ef wd k i f ;a' oBuD ;t wG i f ;&S dNrd KUe, f aygi f ;12Nrd KUe, f jzpf onf hajrmuf
Ou vm?awmi f Ou vm?ausmuf wH wm;?yef ;bJ wef ;?vom?prf ;acsmi f ;?A[ ef ;?
vd I i f ?urm&G wf ?wmarG ?oCF ef ;uRef ;ES i f hvrf ;r awmf Nrd KUe, f rsm;t wG ufOnline
System ud k t oH k ;jyKavQmuf xm;Ek d i f jci f ;vnf ;jzpf onf /
]]ajrt rnfaygufrSef^rrSefpdppfjci f;? ajryHkul;avQmufxm;jci f;?
t aqmuft t Hkaqmufvkyfjci f;?ajruGufcGJjci f;t p&SdwJh vkyfi ef;awGudk
aqmi f&GufEkdi frSmyg}}[ k&efukefNrdKUawmfpnfyi fom, ma&;aumfrwDNrdKUjy
pD rH ud ef ;ES i f h ajr, mpD rH cef YcG J rI XmerSwm0ef &S d ol wpf OD ;u ajymonf /
t qdkygOnline System 0efaqmi frIt wGufNrdKUawmfcef;rESi fht eD;
0ef ;usi f wG i fFiber Optic vd k i f ;jzi f ht i f wmeuf vd k i f ;rQa0jci f ;?cd k i f ES i f hNrd KUe, f
pnf yi f t k yf csKyf a&;rS L;H k ;rsm;ADSL vd k i f ;rsm;wyf qi f t oH k ;jyKjci f ;rsm;aqmi f
&G uf vk yf ud k i f vsuf &S d aMumi f ;ud k vnf ;od &S d &onf /
]]ajr, mud p awG ud kt G ef vd k i f ;uaeaqmi f &G uf cG i f h &wJ h t wG uft csd ef eJ Y
ai Gukefoufomw, f/ t rnfaygufrSef?rrSefppfaq;csi folawGt vG, f
wul jyKvk yf Ek d i f wJ h t wG uft qi f ajyygw, f }}[ k' *H k Nrd KUopf (ajrmuf yd k i f ;)Nrd KUe, f
rSt d rf ?NcH ?ajrt usKd ;aqmi f wpf OD ;u ajymonf /
&ef uk ef Nrd KUawmf pnf yi f om, ma&;aumf rwD t aqmuf t t H k ES i f hajr, m
pD rH cef Y cG J rI vk yf i ef ;rsm;t qi f ajyvsi f jref pG mvk yf ud k i f aqmi f &G uf Ek d i f a&;Online
System t oH k ;jyKvmjci f ;jzpf NyD ; t aqmuf t t H k aqmuf vk yf cG i f ht ygt 0i f
cG i f h jyKrd ef Y xk wf ay;jci f ;vk yf i ef ;rsm;ud k vnf ; owf rS wf &uf xuf avQmh csum
0ef aqmi f rI ay;vsuf &S d aMumi f ;od &S d &onf / P f P f (jrpf rc)
vuf&Sdjzpfay:vsuf&Sdaom &moDOwkt ajct ae
rsm;aMumi f h, ck t csd ef rSpwi f pd k uf ysKd ;rnf hpd k uf ysKd ;oD ;ES H rsm;
ydk;rTm;rsm;usa&mufrnfht E&m, fESi fh&i fqkdi f&Ekdi faMumi f;
rd k ;^ZvnT ef Mum;rI OD ;pD ;XmerSnT ef Mum;a&;rS L;OD ;cspf ausmf u
ajymonf /
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c&rf;ponfwdkYjzpfNyD; yJrsKd;pHkpdkufysKd;&efpwi fonfht csdef
jzpfonf/ c&rf;NrdKUe, frSawmi folwpfOD;u ]]' Dt csdefu
yJ pd k uf w, f qd k ayr, f hpd k ufvd k Y NyD ;aeMuNyD /t ck &moD Owk t ajymi f ;
t vJ awG ud kt awG Ut BuH Kt &BuH KcJ h zl ;wmawG &S d w, f / ' gayrJ h
vnf ;ud k , f h oD ;ES H awGt xG uf EI ef ;ravsmh at mi f*k pd k uf ae&
w, f }}[ k ajymjyonf /
c&rf ;Nrd KUe, f onfyJ pd k uf ysKd ;onf hNrd KUe, f wpf ck jzpf NyD ;
yJpdkufysKd;{uaygi f; odef;ESi fhcsD &Sdonf/ yJwDpdrf;pdkufysKd;rI
t rsm;qH k ;jzpf NyD ;yd k ;usrI rsm;aMumi f hoD ;ES H t xG uf EI ef ;avsmh ygu
jynf yaps;uG ufwi f yd k YrI ud k ygxd cd k uf Ed k i f jci f ;aMumi f hawmi f ol
rsm;pd k ;&d rf vsuf &S d onf /
ri f ;0 ef
cG i f h jyKcsuf r&S d bJ&ef uk ef wd k i f ;a' oBuD ;
t wG i f ;zG i f h vS pf xm;aomwk wf aq;cef ;
rsm;ud kyd wf od rf ;&efajymqd k xm;aMumi f ;
&efukefwdki f;a' oBuD; vlrIusef;rma&;
0ef BuD ;a' gufwmjri f h od ef ;u &ef uk ef wk d i f ;
a' o BuD ;vT wf awmf yxr t Bud rfow ryH k
rS ef t pnf ;t a0;(' k wd , aeY )wG i fajymqd k
cJ h jci f ;jzpf onf /
]]cGi fhjyKcsufr&SdbJ aq;ukowm
awG U&i faq;cef ;ud k, m, D yd wf od rf ;cd k i f ;
w, f / aemuf NyD ;ppf aq;w, f / vd k uf em
wmr&S d &i faq;cef ;ud k, m, D yd wf od rf ;cd k i f ;
ygw, f }}[ ka' guf wmjri f h od ef ;u qd k onf /
rnf onf h wk wf aq;cef ;ud k rSaq;
ukocGi fhvdki fpi fcsay;xm;jci f;? wkwf
aq;q&mrsm;t m;w&m;0i f aq;uk ocG i f h
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rJqEe, f(2) vTwfawmfudk, fpm;vS, f
OD;rsdK;ri f;at mi fu wkwfaq;cef;ESi fh
wk wf aq;q&mrsm;t m;aq;uk ocG i f h jyK
aeonf h t ay:ar;jref ;&mwG i fa' guf wm
jri fhodef;u jyefvnfajzMum;cJhjci f;jzpf
onf /
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cG i f h ray;xm;ygbl ;/ usef ;rma&;0ef BuD ;
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omcG i f h jyKay;w, f }}[ ka' guf wmjri f hod ef ;
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Edki fi Hjcm;om;rsm; aq;ukornf
qd k ygu wd k i f ;a' oBuD ;usef ;rma&;0ef BuD ;
XmerS wpf qi f husef ;rma&;0ef BuD ;Xmeod k Y
w&m;0i faq;ukv dki fpi fav Qmufjci f;?
jref rmEd k i f i H aq;aumi f pD wG i fcG i f h jyKvd k i f pi f
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&rS om aq;uk ocG i f h ud kavQmuf xm;&
jci f ;jzpf onf /
&ef uk ef wd k i f ;a' oBuD ;t wG i f ;t csd KU
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onf ud kawG U&onf /
&ef uk ef wd k i f ;a' oBuD ; Munf h jri f
wd k i f Nrd KUe, f wG i ft yd k vd k t rnf &S daq;cef ;
onfaq;uk ocG i f h vd k i f pi fcG i f h jyKcsuf r&S d bJ
zG i f h cJ h NyD ; wk wf Ed k i f i H om;rsm;u aq;0g;
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&wemat mi f
(csi f ;wG i f ;)
jyi f OD ;vG i f ?' D Zi f bm-15
v, f, majrodrf;qnf;cH&rIrsm;
aMumi f hawmi f ol rsm;\ epf emqH k ;H I ;rI rsm;
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xk wf yG J }}ud k' D Zi f bm 15&uf u jyi f OD ;
vG i f Nrd KU{' i f rd k w, fcef ;rwG i f jyKvk yf cJ h onf /
aqG;aEG;yGJwufa&mufv maom
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t m;vH k ;u rd rd wd k Y v, f , majrrsm;t m;
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wyf ajr?t oH vT i f h Xmewnf aqmufrI rsm;?
opf awmBud K;0k d i f ;azmf aqmi f a&;?aumf zD
pd k uf ci f ;pD rH ud ef ;rsm;[ k qd k umod rf ;qnf ;
cJhMujci f;jzpfNyD; jyi fOD;vGi fNrdKUe, fwGi f
v, f ajr{uaygi f ; ES pf aomi f ;cef Yod rf ;
qnf ;cH xm;&umajrod rf ;rI rsm; qd k ;qd k ;
&G m;&G m;jzpf ay:aeaMumi f ; a' ocH rsm;u
ajymonf /
x dkodkYajr, mrsm;pDrHudef;rsm;[ k
qd k umod rf ;qnf ;xm;aomf vnf ;wm0ef
&S d ol rsm;rS m, aeY t xdajr, mrsm;t ay:
wG i frnf onf h t yi f rSpd k uf ysd K;vk yf ud k i f jci f ;
rsm;r&S d bJt csd KUae&mrsm;wG i ft yi f t enf ;
i , f pd k ufysd K;vsuf &S d aeNyD ;t csd KUt zG J Ut pnf ;
rsm;rS majr, mrsm;t m; t uG uf rsm;d k uf
umjyefv nfa&mi f;pm;jci f;rsm;udkjyK
vk yf vsuf &S d aMumi f ;a' ocH awmi f ol rsm;
u ajymonf /
, i f ;t ajct aewG i faus;&G mrsm;rS
pm;0wf aea&;t wG ufv, f , majrrsm;
wG i f jyef vnf 0i f a&mufvk yf ud k i f Muaom
awmi folrsm;rSmw&m;pGJrIrsm;?zrf;qD;
axmi f cscH &rIrsm;ud kygBuH KawG UaeMu&NyD ;
awmi fol rsm;t aejzi f hud k , f yd k i f pd k uf ysd K;vk yf
ud k i f ol b0rSt vk yf orm;b0od k Ya&muf
&S d aeNyD jzpf aMumi f ;pd rf ;vef ;jyi f OD ;vG i f t zG J U
Ou | OD ;av;jri f h at mi f u ajymonf /
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t m;vH k ;eD ;yg;t od rf ;cH xm;&w, f /ajr, m
pHkprf;a&;aumfr&Si feJYt jcm;oufqkdi f&m
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xm;aomfvnf; bmrSajz&Si f;ay;wm
awG r&S dao;bl ;/ol wd k Y upD rH ud ef ;qd k NyD ;od rf ;
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' D ud p awG ud kt jref qH k ;ajz&S i f ;zd k Ywm0ef &S d
olawGudk awmi f;qdkcsi fygw, f}}[ k
jyi f OD ;vG i f Nrd KUe, fat mi f csrf ;omaus;&G m
rSOD ;pd ef xG ef ;uajymonf /
a' ocH awmi f ol rsm;t aejzi f hbd k ;
bG m;yd k i fv, f , majrrsm;t m;t cG ef aqmi f
vkyfudki fpm;aomufcJhjci f;jzpfNyD; Edki fi H
awmf t wG i f ;wnf &S d aomajrrsm;rS mt k yf
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aMumi f ;?, i f ;t wG ufbd k ;bG m;pOfquf vk yf
ud k i f cJ h onf hv, f ajrrsm;ud k vnf ;a' ocH
awmi f ol rsm;t aejzi f hyd k i f qd k i f cG i f h &S d &rnf
jzpf aMumi f ;awmi f ol t od ynmzG H UNzd K;wd k ;
wuf a&;uG ef &uf rS ud k pnf ol u ajym
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t aejzi fhv, f, majrodrf;qnf;cHxm;
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t cuf rsm;jzpf ay:vsuf &S dNyD ;Ed k i f i H om;wd k i f ;
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t k yf csKyf cG i f h & ref wk H Nrd KUe, ferf h zuf um
aus;&G m&J ui f ;pcef ;wpf ck t m;vuf euf
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em&D wG i fk wf w&uf0i f a&muf pD ;ei f ;wd k uf
cd k uf oG m;aMumi f ;od &S d &onf /
t qd k ygjzpf pOf wG i fyavmi ft k yf csKyf
cG i f h &a' ojzpf aomref wk HNrd KUe, ferh f zuf
aus;&G m&S d&J ui f ;pcef ;wpf ck t m; t rnf
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aMumi f;?t qdkyg' P f&m&ol av;OD;rS
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t qd k yg' P f &m&ol rsm;t m;vm;I d ;
Nrd KUjynf ol Y aq;H k BuD ;&S dcG J pd wf aqmi f wG i f
uk ovsuf &S d NyD ;t pd k ;&ppf wyf ES i f ht mP m
ydki ft zGJUt pnf;rsm;uv nf; t qdkyg
wk d uf cd k uf rI ES i f hywf ouf pH k prf ;vsuf &S d
aMumi f ;od &onf /
~ ~_. , .~ .q:~ . ., .
wd k uf cd k uf rI ES i f hywf ouf NyD ;yavmi f ud k , f
yd k i f t k yf csKyf cG i f h & ref wH k Nrd KUe, f a' owG i f
vuf euf ud k i fwyf aygi f ;pk t zG J Ursm;&S d aeNyD ;
, ckwdkufcdkufrIrSm KIA vufeufudki f
t zG J UES i f hSSPP vuf euf ud k i f wyf aygi f ;pk
t zG J Uwd k Y jzpf Ed k i f aMumi f ; a0zef oH k ;oyf ol
rsm;u qd k Muonf /
jref rmh acwf
.::.:. ..:.:.:. _,.x
jynfyydkrdkwifydk Y Ekdifa&; ref;ukefpnf
owif;vTm tcrJ h pwifjzefYcsd
&Srf;jynfe,fawmifBuD;wGif oQrf;oHawmfqif h *sme,f pwifxkwfa0rnf
qae_e_e eee:a_a.e.e:e
&cdki fjynfe, fwGi fjzpfyGm;cJh
aomy#dyursm;aMumi fhxm;&SdcJh
onf hayguf awmNrd KUe, f ' k u onf
pcef ;wpf ckrD ;avmi f cJ h aMumi f ; Nrd KU
e, f&Jpcef;rSwm0ef&SdolwpfOD;\
ajymMum;csuf t &od &onf /
rD;avmi fcJhaom' kuonf
pcef ;rS m i S uf acsmi f ;' k u onf pcef ;
jzpfNyD; ' kuonfrsm;aexdki fonfh
wef ;vsm;aygi f ; 34 vH k ; rD ;avmi f
uRrf;cJhaMumi f;?rD;avmi fuRrf;csdef
oH k ;em&D cef YMumjri f h cJ h aMumi f ; od &
onf /
rD ;avmi f jci f ;ES i f hywf ouf
rnf uJ h od k Y avmi f uRrf ;onf ud kpH k prf ;
ppf aq;vsuf jzpf aMumi f ; rD ;avmi f
cH&onfh' kuonfrsm;udkNrdKUe, f
qd k i f &mwm0ef &S d ol rsm;u t ul t nD
ay;vsuf &S d aMumi f ; jynf e, f t pd k ;&
owi f;xkwfjyefa&;t zGJUu od&
onf /
i Sufacsmi f;' kuonfpcef;
wG i fayguf awmNrd KUe, f &S dcsD ;yd k uf &G m
a[ mi f;ESi fh csD;ydkuf&GmopfwdkYrS
t pv mrfbmomudk;uG, faom
rG wf pvi f t rsm;pkaexd k i f onf h ' k u
onf pcef ;jzpf aMumi f ;od &onf /
007
&S rf ;jynf e, f owi f ;rsm;ud kt pOf wpd k uf
azmf jyay;aeonf hxd k i f ; Ek d i f i Hcsi f ;rd k i f Nrd KUt ajcpd k uf
oQrf ;oH awmf qi f h owi f ;Xmeonfawmi f BuD ;
Nrd KU *sme, f wpf apmi f ud kpwi f xk wf a0vd k uf
NyD jzpf aMumi f ; t qd k ygowi f ;XmerS wm0ef &S d
ol wpf OD ;\ ajymMum;csuf t &od &onf /
xdkuJhodkYxkwfa0&jci f;rSm&Srf;jynfe, f
t wG i f ;&S da' ocH rsm;t aejzi f hjynf e, f t wG i f ;
jzpf ysufaeaomowi f ;t csuf t vuf rsm; ud k
rSefuefpGmod&SdEkdi fap&eft wGufjzpfaMumi f;
t xuf ygwm0ef &S d ol u qd k onf /
t qd k yg*sme, f wG i fjref rmbmom?&S rf ;
bmomwdkYjzi fha&;om;x m;aomowi f;?
aqmi f ;yg;?umwG ef ;rsm; yg0i f aMumi f ;od &onf /
ueOD;x kwfa0rIt aejzi fh oDayg?
ausmufrJ?erwl?uGwfcdki f?rlq, f?erfhcrf;?
vm;Id;?odED?rdki f;SL;?weYf, ef;? yi favmi f;?
vi f ;ac;?[ d k yk ef ;?rd k ;eJ ?qD qd k i f ?rd k i f ;yefponf h Nrd KUe, f
rsm;wG i fjzef Y csd vd k uf NyD jzpf aMumi f ;od &onf /
007
&ckdi fwkdi f;&i f;om;rsm; wdk;
wuf a&;ygwDRNDP ES i f h&ck d i f t rsKd ;
om;' D rd k ua&pD t zG J UcsKyf ALD wd k Y
t Mum; ESpfygwDyl;aygi f;a&;ESi fh
ywf ouf NyD ; wi f jycsuf rsm;ud ka&G ;
aumufyGJaumfr&Si fbufrSwpfpHk
wpf&mwHkYjyefjci f;r&Sdao;aMumi f;
RNDP Ou |a' guf wmat ;armi f u
ajymonf/ t qkdygwi fjycsufudk
vG ef cJ h aomES pf vcef Y uwnf ;u wi f
jyjci f ;jzpf NyD ; ' D Zi f bmvt xdwpf pH k
wpf&mwHkYjyefajymqdkjci f;r&Sdao;
._~: . , .~._.:._ .
]]uRefawmfwdkYwi fjycsufudk
jyef NyD ;wpf pH k wpf &mwH k Y jyef ajymqd k wm
rsKd ;r&S d ao;ygbl ;/ uRef awmf wd k Y vnf ;
apmi f h aeygw, f / ol wd k Y buf u wH k Y
jyefvm&i fawmhuRefawmfwdkYygwD
. ~ . ~ e .~ . . . :.|''e , .~
ajymonf /
&ckdi fwkdi f;&i f;om;rsm; wdk;
wuf a&;ygwDRNDP ES i f h&ck d i f t rsKd ;
om;' D rd k ua&pD t zG J UcsKyfALD wd k Yyl ;
aygi f ;a&;ud kvG ef cJ h aom ajcmuf v
uwnf;uaqG;aEG;cJhMuNyD; NyD;cJh
onfhat mufwdkbmvt wGi f;u
ygwD ES pf ck yl ; aygi f ;a&;ud kaqG ;aEG ;NyD ;
zG J Upnf ;yH k wpf &yf ud k a&;qd k Ek d i f jci f ;jzpf
onf/ ygwDESpfckyl;aygi f;NyD;vQi f
&ck d i f t rsKd ;om;ygwD [ l aomemrnf
jzi fh&ckdi fjynfe, fudk, fpm;jyKrnf
jzpf aMumi f ; ygwD wm0ef &S d ol rsm;u
ajymonf /
&ckdi fwkdi f;&i f;om;rsm; wkd;
wufa&;ygwDESi fh&ckdi f' Drdkua&pD
t zG J UcsKyf wd k Y aygi f ;NyD ; wpf ygwD wnf ;
xl axmi f &efoabmwl qH k ;jzwf jci f ;
onfjref rmh Ek d i f i H a&;ork d i f ;rS myxr
qH k ;jzpf &yf wpf ck [ k&ck d i f ' D rd k ua&pD
t zG J UcsKyf Ou | OD ;at ;omat mi f u
ajymonf /
]]t ckvdkaygi f;pnf;vkdufwm
[ m&ck d i f jynf ol awG &J UqE t wk d i f ;
jzpf ovd kzuf ' &, f jynf axmi f pk pepf
wnf aqmuf zd k Y qd k wJ hrl 0g' t ay:rS m
vnf ; ES pf ygwD vH k ;u oabmwl nD
MuwJht wGufjzpfw, f}}[ kajym
onf /
t qkdygzGJUpnf;yHkwGi ft "du
t m;jzi fhygwDESpfckvHk; oabmwl
xm;onf h t a&;BuD ; t csuf rS mvl rsKd ;
udkt ajccHonfhjynfe, frsm;jzi fh
zuf' &, fjynfaxmi fpkzGJUpnf;rnf
qd k onf h t csuf jzpf aMumi f ; &ck d i f ' D rd k
ua&pDt zGJUcsKyfOu| OD;at ;om
at mi f uqd k onf /
]]' DzGJUpnf;yHkeJYywfoufvdkYu
t "d uuawmhuRef awmf wd k Y Ek d i f i H rS m
wkdi f;&i f;om;vlrsKd;rsm; aygi f;pHkae
xkdi fwJhwkdi f;jynfjzpfw, f/ ' Dawmh
wk d i f ;&i f ;om;t m;vH k ;vd k vm;wJ hzuf
' &, fjynfaxmi fpkay:aygufa&;
[ mt "d uyJ / ' D awmhuRef awmf wd k Y
ygwD ES pf ck t "d u oabmwl xm;wJ h
t xJ rS mvl rsKd ;ud k t ajccH aomjynf
e, f rsm;jzi f hzuf ' &, f jynf axmi f pk
zGJUpnf;rnfqdkwJht csufuawmh
~.q._~ ..|~. ''e , .~ ._.:
onf /]]wyf rawmf onfEk d i f i H a&;rS m
OD ;aqmi f t cef ;u@u yg0i f &rnf
qd k wJ h t yd k ' f ud kjyi f &ygr, f / NyD ;awmh
jynf e, f awG &J UOya' jyKa&;t mP m
awG ?&yd k i f cG i f h awG &zd k Y jyi f &ygr, f }}[ k
qd k onf /
ESpfygwDaygi f;NyD;wJhaemuf
wGi fvTwfawmfudk, fpm;vS, frsm;
t aejzi fh rdrd&JUqEoabmt &
aygi f ;vk d uf wJ hygwD vT wf awmf ud k , f
pm;vS , f t aeeJ YcH , l Ek d i f ovd kwpf
oD;yk*vvTwfawmfudk, fpm;vS, f
t aeeJYvnf; cH, lEkdi fonf[ kqdk
onf/t qkdygt opfjyefv nfzGJU
pnf;rnfh&ckdi ft rsKd;om;ygwDwGi f
Ou| t jzpfOD;at ;omat mi fu
aqmi f &G uf rnf jzpf NyD ; ' k -Ou |t jzpf
a' guf wmat ;armi f uaqmi f &G uf
rnf jzpf onf /
&wemat mi f (csi f ;wG i f ;)
rE av;wk d i f ;a' oBuD ;t wG i f ;rSuk ef pnf wi f yd k Y rI wk d ;wuf vm
ap&ef ES i f hwi f yd k Y a&mi f ;csrI enf ;Oya' ?rl 0g' rsm;od &S d ap&ef t wG uf
uk ef pnf owi f ;vT mud kuk ef oG , f rI jr i f h wi f a&;OD ;pD ;XmerS pwi f jzef Y
a0vk d uf NyD jzpf aMumi f ;od &S d &onf /
uk ef pnf owi f ;vT mrsm;ud k, ck vrS pwi f umvpOf1&uf
aeYESi fh16&ufaeYrsm;wGi f ukefpnfa&mi f;cs0, f, lolrsm;&Sdaom
ae&mrsm;od k Yjzef Y csd rI jyKvk yf oG m;rnf jzpf NyD ; vuf &S d t csd ef wG i ft crJ h
omay;a0oG m;rnf jzpf umaemuf yd k i f ;wG i ft caMu;ai G jzpfa&mi f ;cs
onf h yH k pH od k Y ajymi f ;vJ xk wf vk yf oG m;&efpD pOf aeonf [ k od &onf /
]]jynf ywi f yd k Y vk yf aqmi f aewJ hol awG t wG ufuk ef pnf eJ Y ywf
oufwJhrl0g' awG?vdkt yfcsufawGudkxnfhoGi f;rSmjzpfygw, f/
jynfwGi f;u ukefonfawGt wGufjynfyudk wi fydkYrnfhyrmP ?
ai G aMu;EI ef ;xm;awG ud kazmf jyrS mjzpf ygw, f / xyf rH vd k t yf wmawG
ud k vnf ; jznf h qnf ;oG m;rS mjzpf ygw, f }}[ krE av;wk d i f ;a' oBuD ;
uk ef oG , f rI jr i f h wi f a&;OD ;pD ;Xme wk d i f ;OD ;pD ;rS L;OD ;rsKd ;ol uajymonf /
uk ef yp nf ;wi f yd k Y &mwG i fvk dt yf csuf rsm;jzpf onf hpnf ;urf ;csuf
rsm;?wpf Ek d i f wpf yd k i f wi f yd k Y a&mi f ;csEk d i f rnf h enf ;vrf ;rsm;?BuD ;rm;aom
uk ef yp nf ;rsm;wi f yd k Y &mwG i fvd k t yf csuf jzpf onf hBarcode pepf rsm;?
pd k uf ysKd ;a&;t wG uf vd k t yf aom enf ;ynmqk d i f &mrsm;ponf wd k Y ud k
azmf jyay;oG m;rnf jzpf onf /
uk ef oG , f rI jr i f h wi f a&;XmerSjynf wG i f ;uk ef oG , f rIjr i f h wi f a&;
Xme?pD rH a&;&m?ok awoeES i f henf ;ynmay;a&;Xme?t jynf jynf
qk d i f &muk ef oG , f rI jr i f h wi f a&;Xme?ai G pm&i f ;Xme?rl 0g' avh vma&;ES i f h
pD rHud ef ;pm&i f ;t i f ;Xmewd k Y rSt &m&S drsm;ES i f h0ef xrf ;rsm;pk aygi f ;um
jyKpk xnf h oG i f ;a&;om;rI rsm;ud kjyKvk yf xm;onf [ k od &onf /
yxrt Bud rf jzef Y csd rI wG i frE av;Nrd KUwG i f ;&S d uk ef pnf owi f ;
vT mt apmi f a&100?' k wd , t Bud rf apmi f a&200wd k Y ud kjzef Y csd
jci f;jyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; jzefYcsdrnfhae&mrsm;rSmyGJpm;ukefonf
puf yd k i f rsm; uxd ef awmf t oi f ;?oMum;uk ef pnf' d k i f ?qef uk ef pnf ' d k i f ?
qD uk ef pnf ' d k i f ?MRCCI ES i f hwjcm;aomuk ef pnfyd k i f ;qk d i f &ma&mi f ;cs
ol rsm;ud kay;t yf oG m;rnf jzpf onf [ k od &onf / ref ;ud k ud k (jrpf rc)
t qi f h Ed k i f i H a&T ai G aMu; pk pk aygi f ;
1/ xd k i f ; 42 36 38 116
2/ jref rm 36 30 33 99
3/ AD , uf erf 35 32 40 107
4/ t i f ' d k eD ;&S m; 31 46 42 119
5/ rav;&S m; 21 15 37 73
6/ pi f umyl 15 12 21 48
7/ zd vpf yd k i f 10 13 21 44
8/ uar m' D ;, m; 4 7 12 23
9/ vmt d k 2 5 18 25
10/ bl Ek d i f ; 1 1 4 6
11/ t a&S UwD arm 0 0 1 1
pk pk aygi f ; 197 197 267 661
(27)Bud rf ajrmuf qD ;*d rf ;Nyd Ki f yJ G
' DZi fbm15&uft xdqk&&SdrI
leDudk av;ESpfoufwrf;wdk;&ef rdk,ufpfwkdufwGef;rnf
bmpD vd k emenf ;jyrmwD Ed k u t oi f ;\ t "d uwk d uf ppf rS L;ruf qD
ryg0i fEkdi faomfvnf; ADvm&D;&JvfuJhodkYawmi fhwi f;onfht oi f;udk
t Ekdi f, lEkdi fcJhaMumi f;?abmvHk;yGJwpfyGJrSmEkdi fonfjzpfap?IH;onf
jzpfapvufcH&rnfjzpfovkdoa&qdk&i fvnf; vufcH&rnfjzpf
aMumi f;?rdrdt aejzi fhrnfonfht oi f;udkrQIH;edrfhrnfudkrpdk;&drf
aMumi f; ADvm&D;&JvfESi fhyGJt NyD;wGi fajymMum;cJhonf/
t *F vef vuf a&G ;pi f upm;orm;a[ mi f ; a' ;Apf buf crf ;onf
rD, mrD, lEkdufwuft oi f;udkaygi foef; 100ay; 0, f, lvkdufNyD
jzpfaMumi f;od&onf/ bufcrf;onft qdkygt oi f;udk0, f, lrI
t wGufp&efai Gt jzpfaygi f15oef;ay;acscJh&aMumi f;vnf; Daily
Mail wG i f azmf jyxm;onf /
bk d i f , ef jrL;epf t oi f ;rSpyd ef vuf a&G ;pi f upm;orm; oD , m*d k
t J vf uef wm&mu rd rd \ i , f b0ol &J aumi f ;rS ma&mf e, f ' i f [ d k jzpf cJ h
NyD ; abmvH k ;avmuod k Y a&muf vmcsd ef wG i f vnf ; a&mf e, f ' i f [ d k ud k t m;
ust wk, lNyD; ' i f[ dkuJhodkYurmht aumi f;qHk;upm;orm;wpfOD;jzpf
vm&efBudK;pm;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumi f;ajymqdkcJhonf/
yDt ufpf*sDt oi f;rSb&mZD;aemufcHupm;orm; oD, m*dk
aq;vfAm;u rdrdt aejzi fhyDt ufpf*sDt oi f;odkYajymi f;a&TUrIjyKvkyf
jci f;r&SdbJat pDrDveft oi f;wGi fomqufupm;aernfqkdygu
2014urmhzvm;ESi fhvGJacsmfEkdi faMumi f;?yDt ufpf*sDodkYajymi f;a&TU
upm;cJ h onf rS mrd rd t wG uf uH aumi f ;rI wpf &yf jzpf aMumi f ; qd k cJ h onf /
&D;&Jvfruf' &pfenf;jy t efq, favmhwDu t dkqmqlemESi fh
yG J wG i foa&wpf rS wf om&cJ h jci f ;t ay: auseyf rI r&S d onf h t jyi fyG J csd ef
44rd epf aemuf cH upm;orm;&mrd k Y pf xk wf y, f cH &jci f ;ud k vnf ; a' go
xGufcJh&rIrsm;&SdcJhaMumi f;qdkcJhonf/
t mqi fe, fenf;jyt mpi f0i f;*g;u Zefe0g&Dt ajymi f;t a&TU
umvwGi fupm;orm; ajcmufOD;t xdac:, lNyD; ajymi f;vJrIrsm;jyK
vkyf&efpOf;pm;aeaMumi f; xkwfazmfajymqdkvkdufonf/
0ufpfb&Gef;t oi f;onfum' pfzft oi f;t m; t a0;uGi f;IH;yGJBuHKcJhNyD;aemufwGi fenf;jy
pwd Af uvyf ud k xk wf y, f vk d uf NyD jzpf onf / pwd Af uvyf onf2012ck ES pfZG ef vuyi f0uf pf b&G ef ;
t oi f;udkpwi fudki fwG, fcJhNyD; 44yGJwGi f15yGJomt Ekdi f&at mi fpGrf;aqmi fEkdi fcJhonf/
, ckESpfabmvHk;&moDwGi fvnf; 0ufpfb&Gef;t oi f;onf &v' fydki f;awmufavQmufqdk;
&Gm;aecJhNyD; 16yGJ 3yGJomEkdi fyGJ&&SdcJhonf/ aemufqHk; 4yGJqufwkdufIH;edrfhNyD;aemufwGi fenf;jy
pwdAfuvyft m; xkwfy, fvkdufjci f;jzpfonf/ vuf&SdyGJpOf16NyD;qHk;csdefwGi f0ufpfb&Gef;
t oi f;t aejzi fht qi fh-16 wGi fom&yfwnfEkdi fcJhonf/ pwdAfuvyfonfenf;jyGdKi f;a[ mh' f
qefxGufcGmoGm;NyD;aemufwGi f0ufpfb&Gef;t oi f;udkudki fwG, fcJhjci f;jzpfumNyD;cJhonfh&moDu
q....~.~~.~:..,...:._. ....q:.~ ,.-.....:q_ .:..:
usqi f;cJh xkwfy, fjci f;cHcJh&onf[ kqdkonf/
v D*l;uv yf yDt ufpf*sD
t oi f ;\ wk d uf ppf rS L; t D b&m[ D rd k
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yD , H qk &, l Ek d i f &ef rS mcuf cJ rI rsm;&S d
vmrnf jzpf aMumi f ; xk wf azmf ajym
Mum;vk d uf onf /
yD t uf pf *sD t oi f ;onfyG J pOf
18NyD ;qH k ;csd ef wG i ft rS wf ay;Z, m;
ud k OD ;aqmi f Ek d i f aomf vnf ; ' k wd ,
ae&mrS rd k emud k t oi f ;t m; ES pf rS wf
omjzwf xm;Ek d i f cJ h yxrae&mud k
t csd ef ra&G ;Ncd rf ;ajcmuf rI rsm;&S d vm
Ekdi faMumi f;udkvnf; t oi f;azmf
rsm;t m;owd ay;vk d uf onf /
xdkYt jyi frdkApfu rdrdwdkY\
Nyd Ki f bufrd k emud k t oi f ;rS mur mh
t qi fht wef;rD upm;orm;
aumi f ;rsm;&S d ae t E &m, f t ay;
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t Ek d i f &at mi f*k wpd k uf upm;oG m;
&ef t xl ;vd k t yf aMumi f ; ajymMum;
cJ h jci f ;jzpf onf /
yD t uf pf *sD t oi f ;onfjyi f
opfvD*l;wGi fIH;yGJwpfyGJom&SdNyD;
&v' f aumi f ;rsm;yd k i f qk d i f xm;aomf
vnf ; rd k emud k t oi f ;\ ausmf jzwf
rIudkt csdefra&G; BuHKawGUEkdi fonfh
t aet xm;rsKd ;jzpf jci f ;aMumi f hrd k
Apfut oi f;azmfrsm;t m; owd
ay;xm;jci f;jzpfonf/ xdkYt jyi f
rd k Apf u rd k emud k t oi f ;rS m, ck ES pf
wG i f rS wef ;wuf vmonf ht oi f ;
jzpf aomf vnf ; z, f vf umt d k ?armf
wi f [ d k ?d k ' &D *G uf Zf wd k Y uJ h od k Yupm;
orm;aumi f ;rsm;&S d aeonf ud karh
rxm;oi f h aMumi f ;?vk d i f vD t oi f ;
rS mvnf ; awmi f h wi f ;rI &S d ae
yDt ufpf*sDt wGufcsefyD, Hqkudk
t vG , f wul &, l Ek d i f &ef rS mrjzpf Ek d i f
aMumi f ;qd k cJ h onf /
t mqi fe, ft oi f;\ uGi f;
v, f upm;orm;t d k aZ;vf u ref pD ;
wD;t oi f;t m; 6-3*dk;jzi fhIH;edrfhcJh
NyD;aemufwGi fy&dowfrsm;t m;
t El;t Gwfawmi f;yefaMumi f;
ajymMum;cJhonf/
t dkaZ;vfonft mqi fe, f
t oi f;odkYa&muf&SdvmcJhcsdefwGi f
Nyd Ki f yG J t &yf &yf ajcpG rf ;jyupm;Ek d i f
cJh t mqi fe, fy&dowfrsm;\
t m;ay;rI ud k&&S d cJ h ol jzpf aomf vnf ;
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