OBJECTIVES

Define momentum of an object Define momentum as the product of mass and velocity State the principle of conservation of momentum Describe applications of conservation of momentum Solve problems involving momentum

Why???????

Why did the revolver recoil after it was fired?

MOMENTUM
Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity. Momentum is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction. The SI unit of momentum is kgms-1

m s-1

kg

 The direction of a momentum of an object is the same as the direction of the velocity of the object. If an object moving to the right denotes a positive velocity, the left direction will denote a negative velocity.

Conservation of Momentum
The principle of conservation of momentum states that in a collision, the total momentum of the object before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision, provided that there is no external force acting on the colliding objects

P (before collision) = P (after collision) m1v1 = m2v2

Elastic Collision
An elastic collision is a collision where the two colliding objects separate after colliding. Momentum is conserved in elastic collision.

P (before collision) = P (after collision) m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

Inelastic Collision
An inelastic collision is a collision where the two colliding objects stick together after colliding. Momentum is conserved in an inelastic collision

P (before collision) = P (after collision) m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2 m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)v

Collisions Demonstration

Explosion
Momentum is conserved in an explosion. An example of an explosion is when a gun is fired. The momentum before the explosion is zero.

P (before explosion) = P (after explosion) m1u1 + m2u2 = m1(-v1) + m2v2 0 = m1(-v1) + m2v2 m1v1 = m2v2

Exercise
1. A bullet of mass 20 g is fired towards a stationary target with a mass of 2 kg. The bullet is embedded in the target and both move together at a common velocity of 2 m s-1. Find the velocity of the bullet before hitting the target.

2. A car of mass 1 200 kg was involved in a head on collision with a lorry of mass 4 800 kg travelling at 79.2 km h-1 . After the collision, the car and the lorry were locked together and continued moving at a velocity of 21.6 km h-1. Find the velocity of the car before collision.

3. A bullet of mass 10 g was fired from a 4 kg rifle with a velocity of 200 m s-1. Find the recoil velocity of the rifle.