September 03, 2009

Data Types and Fun

with Classes
 September 03, 2009

Basic Data Types

Type Constant Examples NSLog chars
char 'a','\n' %c

shortint — %hi, %hx, %ho

unsigned short int — %hu, %hx, %ho

int 12, -97, 0xFFE0, 0177 %i, %x, %o

unsignedint 12u, 100U, 0XFFu %u, %x, %o

long int 12L, -2001, 0xffffL %li, %lx, %lo

unsigned long int 12UL, 100ul, 0xffeeUL %lu, %lx, %lo

long long int 0xe5e5e5e5LL, 500ll %lli, %llx, &llo

unsigned long long 12ull, 0xffeeULL %llu, %llx, %llo

int
float 12.34f, 3.1e-5f, 0x1.5p10, %f, %e, %g, %a
0x1P-1

double 12.34, 3.1e-5, 0x.1p3 %f, %e, %g, %a

long double 12.341, 3.1e-5l %Lf, $Le, %Lg

id nil %p
 September 03, 2009

Order of Precedence

Operator Description Associativity

() Function call

[] Array element reference or message expression

-> Pointer to structure member reference Left to right

. Structure member reference or method call

- Unary minus

+ Unary plus

++ Increment

-- Decrement

! Logical negation

~ Ones complement Right to left

* Pointer reference (indirection)

& Address

sizeof Size of an object

(type) Type cast (conversion)

* Multiplication

/ Division Left to right

% Modulus

+ Addition Left to right

- Subtraction

<< Left shift Left to right

>> Right shift

< Less than

<= Less than or equal to Left to right

> Greater than

>= Greater than or equal to

== Equality Left to right

!= Inequality

& Bitwise AND Left to right

^ Bitwise XOR Left to right

| Bitwise OR Left to right

&& Logical AND Left to right

|| Logical OR Left to right

?: Conditional Right to left

= *= /= %= Assignment operators Right to left

+= -= &= ^=
|= <<= >>=

, Comma operator Right to left

 September 03, 2009

// Basic conversions in Objective-C

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
float f1 = 123.125, f2;
int i1, i2 = -150;

i1 = f1; // floating to integer conversion

NSLog (@"%f assigned to an int produces %i", f1, i1);

f1 = i2; // integer to floating conversion

NSLog (@"%i assigned to a float produces %f", i2, f1);

f1 = i2 / 100; // integer divided by integer

NSLog (@"%i divided by 100 produces %f", i2, f1);

f2 = i2 / 100.0; // integer divided by a float

NSLog (@"%i divided by 100.0 produces %f", i2, f2);

f2 = (float) i2 / 100; // type cast operator

NSLog (@"(float) %i divided by 100 produces %f", i2, f2);

[pool drain];
return 0;
}
 September 03, 2009

@interface Calculator: NSObject

{
double accumulator;
}

// accumulator methods
-(void) setAccumulator: (double) value;
-(void) clear;
-(double) accumulator;

// arithmetic methods
-(void) add: (double) value;
-(void) subtract: (double) value;
-(void) multiply: (double) value;
-(void) divide: (double) value;
@end
 September 03, 2009

@implementation Calculator
-(void) setAccumulator: (double) value
{
accumulator = value;
}

-(void) clear
{
accumulator = 0;
}

-(double) accumulator
{
return accumulator;
}

-(void) add: (double) value

{
accumulator += value;
}

-(void) subtract: (double) value

{
accumulator -= value;
}

-(void) multiply: (double) value

{
accumulator *= value;
}

-(void) divide: (double) value

{
accumulator /= value;
}
@end
 September 03, 2009

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
Calculator *deskCalc;

deskCalc = [[Calculator alloc] init];

[deskCalc clear];
[deskCalc setAccumulator: 100.0];
[deskCalc add: 200.];
[deskCalc divide: 15.0];
[deskCalc subtract: 10.0];
[deskCalc multiply: 5];
NSLog (@"The result is %g", [deskCalc accumulator]);
[deskCalc release];

[pool drain];
return 0;
}
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 September 03, 2009

We're not working with Cocoa here, so change the line in the file Fraction.h that reads
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>

to read
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 September 03, 2009

Synthesized Accessor Methods

@interface Fraction : NSObject

{
   int numerator;
   int denominator;
}

@property int numerator, denominator;

-(void)    print;
-(double)  convertToNum;
@end

#import "Fraction.h"

@implementation Fraction

@synthesize numerator, denominator;

 September 03, 2009

Multiple Arguments to Methods

A method to set both the numerator and the denominator could be named setNumerator:andDenominator: , and
you might use it like this:
[myFraction setNumerator: 1 andDenominator: 3];

[myFraction setTo: 1 over: 3];

September 03, 2009