Chng 21:

B khuch i o

Hnh 2.106: Khuch i o dng IC thut ton

B khuch i o cho trn hnh 2.106, c thc hin hi tip
m song song in p ra qua Rht. u vo khng o c ni
vi im chung ca s (ni t). Tn hiu vo qua R1 t vo
u o ca OA. Nu coi OA l l tng th in tr vo ca n
v cng ln Rv , v dng vo OA v cng b I0 = 0, khi
ti nt N c phng trnh nt dng in : Iv Iht.
T ta c :
Uv U0 = U0
R1
Ura
R
ht

(2-325)

Khi K , in p u vo U0 = Ur/K 0, v vy (2-235) c

dng :
Uv/R1 = -Ur/Uht

(2-236)

Do h s khuch i in p K ca b khuch i o
c hi tip m song song c xc nh bng tham s ca cc
phn t th ng trong s :
K = Ur/Uv = Rht/R1
(2-237)
Nu chn Rht = R1, th K = 1, s (h.2.106) c tnh cht
tng o lp li in p
(o tn hiu). Nu R1 = 0 th t phng trnh Iv Iht ta c
Iv = Ura/Rht hay Ura = Iv.Rht
tc l in p ra t l vi dng in vo (b bin i dng thnh
p).
2

V U0 0 nn Rv = R1, khi K th Rr = 0.

2.4.3. B khuch i khng o

B khuch i khng o (h.2.107) gm c mch hi tip m
in p t vo u o, cn tn hiu t ti u vo khng o
ca OA. V in p gia cc u vo OA bng 0 (U0 = 0) nn
quan h gia Uv v Ur xc nh bi :

Hnh 2.107: Khuch i khng o dng IC thut ton

R1
Uv = U
.
r
R1 + Rht
H s khuch i khng o c dng :
Kk = Ur = + = 1+
a Rht R1 Rht
Uvao R1
R1

(2238a)

Lu khi n v tr gia li vo v li ra tc l thay th Ura

bng Uvo v ngc li trong s (2.107a), ta c b suy gim
in p :
Ura =Uvao
.R
(R
+
R
1 )
ht 1

(2238b)

Khi Rht = 0 v R1 = th ta c s b lp li in p
(h.2.107b) vi Kk = 1. in tr vo ca b khuch i khng o
bng in tr vo OA theo u vo o v kh ln, in tr ra Rr
- 0.
2.4.4.

Mch cng
140

a - Mch cng o:
S hnh 2.108 c dng b khuch i o vi cc nhnh
song song u vo bng s lng tn hiu cn cng. Coi cc
in tr l bng nhau:
Rht = R1 = R2 = = Rn < Rv.

141

Khi Iv = 0 th
Iht = I1 + I2 + + In

n
hay Ur = (U1+U2+ +Un)
= U i
i =1

Hnh 2.108 Mch cng o

o

(2-239)

Hnh 2.109: Mch cng khng

Cng thc (2-239) phn nh s tham gia ging nhau ca cc

s hng trong tng. Tng qut:
Khi R1 Rn c :




(2-240)
U = r Rht U + U + ... + Un
R Rht


Rht
1 R 2
Rn

1
2

U U

R
v
i = ht

Un

n
= Rht 1
2 +

= iUi i
... +
+
Ri
Rn i=1

R1 R 2


b - Mch cng khng o :

142

S nguyn l ca mch cng khng o v

trn hnh 2.109. Khi U0 = 0, in p hai u
vo bng nhau v bng
Uv+ =
Uv =

R1 .U
R1 + r
Rht

Khi dng vo u khng o bng khng (Rv = ), ta c:

143

U1 Uv + U2 Uv + ... + Un Uv = 0
R
R
R
R
1 Ur
hay U1 + U2 + +
R
1 + Rht
Un = n.
t
=

R + Rht + + ... + ) =
R + R Un
i
Ur 1
1
1


U
U
.(U
2 n
h i=

n.R




t
1
1
n.R
1

(2-241)

Chn cc tham s ca s thch hp s c tha s u

tin ca v phi cng thc (2-240) bng 1
n
(R1 + Rht)/(n.R1) = 1 v Ura = U1 + U2 + + Un =
Ui
i =1
2.4.5. Mch tr
Khi cn tr hai in p, ngi ta c th thc hin theo s
hnh 2.110. Khi
in p u ra c tnh theo :
Ur = K1U1 + K2U2

(2-242)

C th tm K1 v K2 theo phng php sau: Cho U2 = 0, mch

lm vic nh mt b
khuch i o, tc l
Ura = aU1
vy K1 = a. Khi U1 = 0, mch ny chnh l mch khuch
i khng o c phn p. Khi
Urb =

Rb .U2
R b + Rb
/b

Ra/
a
144

Rb/
b

Hnh 2.110:
Mch tr

145

H s khuch i ca mch
lc l
Vy:

b
1+
b

Ur = Ura + Urb = [b /(1+ b )](1+ a )U2 aU1

Nu in tr trn c hai li vo l nh nhau, tc l

a = b th K2 = , K1 =
=
Vy

Ura = (U2 U1)

(2-243)

Tng qut, s tr vn nng dng ng thi ly tng v

ly hiu ca mt s in p vo bt k c th thc hin bng
mch hnh 2.111.
rt ra h thc cn thit, ta s dng quy tc nt i vi ca
vo A ca b
khuch i:
U U
U
1 Ua + a
=
0
i=1 (R /i ) Ra
a
n

Rt ra:
n


n
'
iUi Ua
i + 1
+ Ua = 0
i=1

i=1

Tng t i vi ca vo B ca b khuch i
n ' '


n ' i +
1

=0
i=1 iU i


Ub


i=1
nu Ua = Ub v tho mn thm iu kin:
n
n '
i =
i=1 i
i=1
th sau khi tr i hai biu thc trn ta s c:
146

n ' ' n
Ua =
UiiU i
i
i=1
i=1

(2-244)

147

148