Link of Islamic and

Jewish Calendar
Taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/ and http://islam.about.com/
Written by Ben Abrahamson and Joseph Katz
The Islamic or Hijra calendar is made up of 12 lunar months. Traces of Jewish
holidays like Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Pesach (Passover) and Shavout
(Pentacost) are still evident in this calendar. However, because of structural
changes in the Islamic calendar, the Jewish and Islamic celebration of those
holidays coincides only once in about 33 years.
It is known that the Jews of Arabia felt that they were the true mourners of
Zion and carried customs of mourning for the destruction of the Temple to
extremes not matched by Jews elsewhere. And we can assume that the
mourning for the Temple inuenced pre-Islamic culture to some extent. But even
so, it is surprising to nd one of the most holy days of the Islamic calendar -- the
9th of Dhu al Hijja, the Day of Arafat, the height of the Hajj pilgrimage
corresponding to the the Jewish fast day of the 9th of Av (which commemorates
the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE). And the fast of Ramadan to be based on
the Jewish Serat haOmer[5] which among other things is a time of mourning for
the hundreds of thousands killed after Bar Kochbas failed revolt in 135 CE.
Although the Islamic Calendar has undergone two distinct changes
(discontinued intercalation and frozen commutation), is still possible to align the
Islamic Calendar to its Jewish counterpart.
The holidays of Ras as Sana (Rosh Hashanah) and Roz e Ashura (Yom Kippur)
can be found in Muharram, even though Safar was originally the Sacred Month.
Minor events such as the Creation of Adam and ritual bath of Erev Yom Kippur
can perhaps be found in altered form. The deletion of the month of Elul and the
commutation of Safar and Muharram could also explain a shift of Dahwul Arz
from 25 of Elul to 25 of Dhu al Qa'dah.
It is signicant that the Jewish Holidays of Succot (Feast of Tabernacles),
Purim and Chanuka cannot be found in their corresponding place. Purim and
Chanuka are post-Biblical so they could have been dropped as is the Karaites
custom today. What is interesting is that In place of Succot we nd the traditional
date of the changing of the Qiblah from Jerusalem to the Holy Kaaba. The
changing of the Qiblah marks a conscious, deliberate changing of traditional
Jewish practice. Other possible dates of the changing of Quiblah are the 15 of
Rajab and the 15 of Shabaan, corresponding to Purim and Pessach (Passover), the
former not being found and the latter being deprived of all Jewish traditional
practice. Chanuka if kept by Arabian Jews would have been eventually
overshadowed by Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's Birthday), and any
correspondence with the 25th of December and the Birth of Jesus would be
pure speculation.
Islamic Yom Kippur (?)
Hebrew Calendar
The Hebrew or Jewish calendar ( : : r :: , ha'luach ha'ivri) is a lunisolar calendar used
today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for
Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits (dates to
commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many
ceremonial uses. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for
agriculture and is an ocial calendar for civil purposes, although the latter usage has
been steadily declining in favor of the Gregorian calendar.
The calendar used by Jews has evolved over time. The
basic structural features of the early calendar are thought
to have been inuenced by the Babylonian calendar,
including the seven-day week, the lunisolar intercalary
adjustment and the names of the months. Until the
Tannaitic period (approximately 10220 CE) the calendar
employed a new crescent moon, with an additional
month normally added every two or three years to correct
for the dierence between twelve lunar months and the
solar year. When to add it was based on observation of
natural agriculture-related events. Through the Amoraic
period (200500 CE) and into the Geonic period, this
system was gradually displaced by the mathematical rules
used today. The principles and rules were fully codied by
Maimonides in the Mishneh Torah in the 12th century.
Maimonides' work also replaced counting "years since the
destruction of the Temple" with the modern creation-era
Anno Mundi.
Because of the roughly eleven-day dierence between twelve lunar months and
one solar year, the length of the Hebrew calendar year varies in the repeating 19-year
Metonic cycle of 235 lunar months, with the intercalary month added according to
dened rules every two or three years, for a total of seven times per 19 years. Even with
this intercalation, the average Hebrew calendar year is longer by about 6 minutes and
25+25/57 seconds than the current mean solar year, so that every 224 years, the Hebrew
calendar will fall a day behind the current mean solar year; and about every 231 years it
will fall a day behind the Gregorian calendar year.
It is He who made
the sun to be a
shining glory, and
the moon to be a
light (of beauty), and
measured out stages
for her, that ye might
know the number of
years and the count
(of time)
- Quran 10: 5
Before the deletion of Elul, the month of Cheshvan would have corresponded
with Rabi al-Awal. It is tradition Jewish practice to pray for Rain, record the
passing of the Flood, and pray if there is a drought during this month. Rabi al-
Awal too is etymologically related to rst rains.
The correspondence between Lailat al Baraat (Night of Emancipation) and
Pesach (Passover) has been mentioned above. The Serah mourning period
consists of 49 days from Pesach (Passover) to Shavuoth (Pentecost), however
there are diering customs as to the degrees of mourning during that period.
Many oriental Jews observe heightened mourning during the month of Iyyar
which corresponds to Ramadhan. There is a similarity even in the Serah custom
of counting the 49 days of the Omer. In Jewish tradition each day must be
counted distinctly and individually. Similar to this most of Islamic jurists think
that the intention "I will fast for this approaching month of Ramadan" is not
legally enough, since the intention to fast must be formulated each night for the
following day, i.e. "I will fast for Ramadan during this day".
The 18th of Iyyar is very interesting because until now we have assumed that
the Jewish holidays were transformed into Islamic holidays because of the
historical record attesting to the observance of these holidays hundreds of years
prior the advent of Islam. But Lag BeOmer (the Revelation of the Zohar), if it
corresponds to Lailat-el-Qadr (Revelation of the Quran) would indicate the
reverse. The Zohar was not known publicly until several hundred years after the
advent of Islam.
There seems to be a correspondence between Shavouth (Pentacost) and Eid
al Fitr, both marking the end of the mourning period. Lastly, for hundreds of years
after the destruction of the 2nd Temple, the only Jewish pilgrimage consisted of
the 9th of Av pilgrimage to the Mount of Olives to mourn over the ruins of
Jerusalem. Previous to this, the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem had always been for the
Chag Holidays of Succot (Tabernacles), Pesach (Passover) and Shavuoth
(Pentacost). It appears that due to some specic reason this Chag pilgrimage to
Jerusalem was changed to the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca.
Hijri Calendar
The Islamic calendar was rst introduced by the close companion of the Prophet, Umar
ibn Al-Khattab. During his leadership of the Muslim community, in approximately 638
A.D., he consulted with his advisors in order to come to a decision regarding the various
dating systems used at that time. It was agreed that the most appropriate reference
point for the Islamic calendar was the Hijrah, since it was an important turning point for
the Muslim community. After the emigration to Madinah (formerly known as Yathrib),
the Muslims were able to organize and establish the rst real Muslim "community," with
social, political, and economic independence. Life in Madinah allowed the Muslim
community to mature and strengthen, and the people developed an entire society
based on Islamic principles.
The Islamic calendar is the ocial calendar in many Muslim countries, especially
Saudi Arabia. Other Muslim countries use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes and
only turn to the Islamic calendar for religious purposes.
The Islamic year has twelve months that are based on a lunar cycle. Allah says in the
Qur'an:
"The number of months in the sight of Allah is twelve (in a year) - so
ordained by Him the day He created the heavens and the earth...." (9:36).
"It is He Who made the sun to be a shining glory, and the moon to be a
light of beauty, and measured out stages for it, that you might know the
number of years and the count of time. Allah did not create this except in
truth and righteousness. And He explains His signs in detail, for those
who understand" (10:5).
And in his nal sermon before his death, the Prophet Muhammad said, among
other things, "With Allah the months are twelve; four of them are holy; three of these are
successive and one occurs singly between the months of Jumaada and Sha'ban."
Islamic months begin at sunset of the rst day, the day when the lunar crescent is
visually sighted. The lunar year is approximately 354 days long, so the months rotate
backward through the seasons and are not xed to the Gregorian calendar. The months
of the Islamic year are : Muharram ("Forbidden" - it is one of the four months during
which it is forbidden to wage war or ght) , Safar ("Empty" or "Yellow") , Rabi' al-Awwal
("First spring") , Rabi' ath-Thani or Rabi' al-Akhir ("Second spring") , Jumada al-Ula
("First freeze") , Jumada ath-Thani or Jumada al-Akhir ("Second freeze") , Rajab ("To
respect" - this is another holy month when ghting is prohibited) , Sha'ban ("To spread
and distribute") , Ramadan ("Parched thirst" - this is the month of daytime fasting) ,
Shawwal ("To be light and vigorous") , Dhu al-Qa'dah ("The month of rest" - another
month when no warfare or ghting is allowed) , Dhu al-Hijjah ("The month of Hajj" - this
is the month of the annual pilgrimage to Makkah, again when no warfare or ghting is
allowed)
This calender was made just as my hobby. Its present to many
people in this world. By this calendar i just want to take a part to
spread peace among the people.
Credit to : National Geographic for the photos of Jerusalem. Saudi
Aramco for the design layout of the calendar. Chabad Jewish
Calendar 5774 and www.hebcal.com for the Hebrew Calendar.
And various webs for their articles : www.alsadiqin.org ;
www.wikipedia.org ; and www.about.islam.com .
It should be noted to o that the Islamic calendar was adapted from Indonesian Islamic Calendar and
National Holidays. Thanks for using this calendar, may God bless us all. aamiin
Husada Tsalitsa Mardiansyah
www.khatit.com
www.karyahusadatm.blogspot.com
January
Safar - Rabi al-Awwal 1435
Tevat - Shevat 5774
Rabi al-Akhir 1435
Adar I 5774
February
Notes: Notes:
1
29
29 2
30
1 3
1
2 4
2
3
8
6
7 9
7
8 10
8
9 11
9
10
15
13
14 16
14
15 17
15
16 18
16
17
22
20
21 23
21
22 24
22
23 25
23
24
29
27
28 30
28
29 31
29
30 28
26
27
5
3
4 6
4
5 7
5
6
12
10
11 13
11
12 14
12
13
19
17
18 20
18
19 21
19
20
26
24
25 27
25
26
1
2 3 4 8 5 6 7
9 10 11 15 12 13 14
16 17 18 22 19 20 21
23 24 25 28 26 27
1
1
2
2
7
7
8
8
14
14
15
15
21
21
22
22
28
28
27
27
4
4
5
5
6
6
11
11
12
12
13
13
18
18
19
19
20
20
25
25
26
26
3
3
9
9
10
10
16
16
17
17
23
23
24
24
7
8
1
15
22
29
9
2
16
23
30
10
3
17
24
31
11
4
18
25
12
5
19
26
13
6
20
27
14
21
28
29
2013
1
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
8
15
22
O Allh, perfume his noble grave / with the fragrant
scent of blessings and peace. O Allh, honour, bestow
peace, and shower blessings upon him and his family
- Jafar b. asan al-Barzanj, Mawlid al-Barzanj
Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace;
according to Thy word: for mine eyes have seen Thy
salvation, which Thou hast prepared before the face of all
people:
- Luke 2:29-32
Mawlid an-Nabi Tu bShevat Purim Katan Shushan Purim K.
Epiphany
New Years Day
Present. of Jesus
March
Rabi al-Akhir - Jumada al-Ula 1435
Adar I - Adar II 5774
Jumada al-Akhir 1435
Nisan 5774
April
And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and Aspatha, Poratha,
and Adalia, and Aridatha, and Parmashta, and Arisai,
and Aridai, and Vaizatha;
- Esther 9: 7 10
In the rst month, on the fourteenth day of the month
between the two evenings is the LORD's Passover. And on
the fteenth day of the same month is the feast of
unleavened bread unto the LORD;
- Torah, Leviticus 23: 5
Notes:
1
2 3 4 8 5 6 7
9 10 11 15 12 13 14
16 17 18 22 19 20 21
23 24 25 28 26 27
Ash Wednesday
Notes:
3
3
10
10
16
16
17
17
23
23
24
24
2 3
2
2 4
9 10
9
9 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30
30
30
5
4
4
5
5
12
11
11
12
12
19
18
18
19
19
26
25
25
26
26
New Years Day
29
30 31
29
29
30
30
5 6
12 13
19 20
26 25
2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17
19
18
23 24
1
7 8
14 15
21 22 27
28 29
5 6 2 3 4 1
12 13
19 20
26 25
9 10 11
16 18
23 24
7 8
14 15
21 22 27
28 29
1
8
15
22
29 28
6 7
13 14
20 21
27
7
7
14
14
21
21
28
28
27
27
6
6
13
13
20
20
1
1
8
8
15
15
22
22
29
29
1
2
9

16
23
3

10

17
24
4

11

18
25
5

12

19
26

6

13
20
27

7

14

21
28

8

15
22

3

4

11

18
25

5

12

19
26

6

13
20
27

7

14

21
28

8
1

15

22
29
9
2

16
23
30

10

17
24
31
Taanit Eshter
Shushan Purim Purim
ShroveTuesday
1st Sunday in Lent
2nd Sunday in Lent
3rd Sunday in Lent
Annunciation
Passover, 1st Day Passover, 2nd Day Passover, 3rd Day Passover, 4th Day Passover, 5th Day
Passover, 6th Day Passover, 7th Day
1st Seder 2nd Seder
Passover, 8th Day
Yom haShoah
Passion Sunday
Palm Sunday
Maundy Thursday Good Friday Holy Saturday
Easter Day
May
Rajab - Shaban 1435
Iyar - Sivan 5774
After he had spoken unto them, was received up into
heaven, and sat down at the right hand of God.
- Mark 16: 19
Notes:
Shaban - Ramadan 1435
Sivan - Tammuz 5774
June
And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, even of the
rst-fruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering
at the turn of the year.
- Torah, Exodus 34: 22
Notes:
16
16
23
23
9
9
30
30
8
15
22
29
28
6 7
13 14
20 21
27
7
7
14
14
21
21
28
28
27
27
6
6
13
13
20
20
8
8
15
15
22
22
29
29
3
3
10
10
16
16
17
17
23
23
24
24
2 3
2
2
4 9 10
9
9
11 16 17
18 23 24
25 30
1
1
5
4
4
5
5
12
11
11
12
12
19
18
18
19
19
26
25
25
26
26
1
8
15
22
29 28
6 7
13 14
20 21
27
7
7
14
14
21
21
28
28
27
27
6
6
13
13
20
20
1
1
8
8
15
15
22
22
29
29 31
2
2
1 2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30
3
3
10
10
17
17
24
24
4
4
5
5
11
11
12
12
18
18
19
19
25
25
26
26
5
12
19
26
1
1
2
2
5
6


13
20
27
7


14
21
28
8
1

15
22
29
9
2

16
23
30

10

3

17
24
11
4
18
25
12
19
26

5
6


13
20
27

7


14
21

28

8
1

15
22
29

9

2

16
23
30

10

3

17


24
31

11
4

18
25


12
19
26
Pesach Sheni
Lag bOmer
Yom HaZikaron
Yom Yerushalayim Isra Miraj Ascension Day
Shavuot 1st Day Shavuot 2nd Day Isru Chag
Pentecost
Corpus Christi
Lailat al-Baraa
Ramadan Start
July
Ramadan - Shawwal 1435
Tammuz - Menachem Av 5774
The month of Ramadan is that in which was revealed the
Quran; a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the
guidance, and the criterion (of right and wrong).
- Quran, Albaqarah:185
Shawwal - Dhu al-Qadah 1435
Menachem Av - Elul 5774
August
How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people!
How is she become as a widow! She that was great
among the nations, and princess among the provinces,
how is she become tributary!
- Lamentations 1: 1
Notes:
Notes:
2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30
5
12
19
26
1
8
15
22
29 28
6 7
13 14
20 21
27 31
3
3
10
10
16
16
17
17
23
23
24
24
9
9
1
1
4
4
5
5
11
11
12
12
18
18
19
19
25
25
26
26
7
7
14
14
21
21
28
28
27
27
6
6
13
13
20
20
8
8
15
15
22
22
29
29
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
3 4 9
10 11 16
17 18 23
24 25 30
5
12
19
26
1
8
15
22
29 28
6 7
13 14
20 21
27
31
10
10
16
16
17
17
23
23
24
24
9
9
30
30
5
5
11
11
12
12
18
18
19
19
25
25
26
26
7
7
14
14
21
21
28
28
27
27
6
6
13
13
20
20
8
8
15
15
22
22
29
29
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5

7
8
1
15
22
29
9
2
16
23
30

10
3
17
24


11
4
18
25


12

5
19
26

13

6
20

27

14

21
28
















6
7
14
21
28
8
1
15
22
29
9
2
16
23
30
10
3
17
24

11

4
18


25


12

5
19

26

13
20
27
Tzom Tammuz
Nuzul al-Quran
Yaum al-Quds
Eid al-FItr
Tisha bAv Transguration
September
Dhu al-Qadah - Dhu al-Hijjah 1435
Elul 5774 - Tishrei 5775
Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art
thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy
womb, Jesus.
- Hail Maria
Dhu al-Hijjah 1435 - Muharram 1436
Tishrei - Cheshvan 5775
October
This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my
expiation. This chicken shall go to death and I shall
proceed to a good, long life and peace.
- Prayer of Kapparot







Notes:
2 3 4
9 10 11
16 17 18
23 24 25
30
5
12
19
26
1
8
15
22
29 28
6
7 13
14 20
21 27
2
3
10
10
16
16
17
17
23
23
24
24
9
9
30
1
3
4
4
5
11
11
12
12
18
18
19
19
25
25
26
26
7
7
14
14
21
21
28
28
27
27
6
6
13
13
20
20
8
8
15
15
22
22
29
29
1
2
5
6
5
5
7
7
6
6
Notes:
1 2 3 4
8
6
7
9
7
8
10
8
9
11
9
10
15
13
14
16
14
15
17
15
16
18
16
17
22
20
21
23
21
22
24
22
23
25
23
24
29
27
28
30
28
29
31
29
30
28
26
27
5 6 7
12
10
11
13
11
12
14
12
13
19
17
18
20
18
19
21
19
20
26
24
25
27
25
26
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
Yom HaZikaron

2
3


10
17
24
4


11
18
25
5


12
19
26
6


13
20
27

7


14
21
28

8
1

15
22
29

9
16
23
30
31
1
2
9
16
23
3
10
17
24
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
8
15
22
29
30
Eruv Tavshilin Rosh haShanah
Tzom Gedaliah
Birth of Mary
Yom Kippur
Sukkot, 1st Day Sukkot, 2nd Day Sukkot, 3rd Day
Sukkot, 4th Day Sukkot, 5th Day Sukkot, 6th Day Hoshana Rabba Shemini Atzeret Simchat Torah
Yaum Arafah
Yaum Tarwiyah
Eid al-Adha
Ras as-Sanah
November
Chesvan - Kislev 5775 Kislev - Tevet 5775
December
This is a good day, this is the day when Allah saved the
Children of Israel from their enemy and Musa (Moses)
fasted on this day. So he fasted on this day and told the
people to fast.
- Sahih Bukhari Book 31 Hadith 222







Notes:
Muharram - Safar 1436
Notes:
1
2 3 4 8 5 6 7
9 10 11 15 12 13 14
16 17 18 22 19 20 21
23 24 25 28 26 27
8
8
14
14
15
15
21
21
22
22
28
28
27
27
11
11
12
12
13
13
18
18
19
19
20
20
25
25
26
26
9
9
10
10
16
16
17
17
23
23
24
24
29
29
29
5
6
6
7
2
3
3
4
4
5
30
1
1
2
30
7
8
Safar - Rabi al-Awwal 1436
1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25
29 30 31 28
5 6
7 12 13
14 19 20
21 26 27
12
13
13
14
19
20
20
21
26
27
25
26
9
10
10
11
11
12
16
17
17
18
18
19
23
24
24
25
8
9
14
15
15
16
21
22
22
23
27
28
4
4
5
5
1
1
2
2
3
3
28
29
29
30
8
8
9
9
6
6
7
7
4
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
8
1
15
22
29

9
2
16
23
30

10
3

17

24
31
11
18
25


3

4

11

18
25

5

12

19
26

6

13
20
27

7

14

21
28

8
1

15

22
29

9
2

16

23
30

10

17
24
31
2014
Chanukah, 1st Day Chanukah, 2nd Day Chanukah, 3rd Day Chanukah, 4th Day
Chanukah, 5th Day Chanukah, 6th Day Chanukah, 7th Day Chanukah, 8th Day
Yaum Ashura Yaum Tasua
1st Sdy of Advent
2nd Sdy of Advent
3rd Sdy of Advent
4th Sdy of Advent
Christmas Day
We light these lights for the miracles and the wonders,
for the redemption and the battles that you made for our
forefathers, in those days at this season, through your
holy priests.
- Hymn of Hanerot Halalu