Software Testing 1. What is Quality?

Define quality on the following basis a) Customer b) Manufacturing c) Product value d) Transcendent State and explain the four components of quality. Compare continuous and continual improvement. Discuss the financial aspects of quality. What is TQM? Explain principles of TQM. Explain different ways to manage quality. Customer is King. Discuss and Explain. Discuss the relation between quality and productivity. Differentiate between invention and innovation. Differentiate between Organization cultures Q and q. Explain different characteristics of software. What are different software development model? Explain. Explain different types of products. Explain the different quality factors. What are defects? Why does software have defects? Explain the processes related to software quality. Differentiate between guidelines and standards. Explain the important aspects of quality management. What is testing? Why is it necessary? Explain the different approaches to testing. Explain the objectives and principles of testing. Explain testing during development life cycle. What is requirement traceability matrix? State its advantages and disadvantages Explain essentials of software testing. With the help of an example explain the concept of workbench. Explain the important features of testing process. Discuss the salient features of good testing. Explain test planning. Distinguish between verification and validation. Explain the different approaches of building a test team. Explain the cost of testing. Discuss the structural approach of testing. Explain different categories of defects. Compare mistakes, errors and defects. Explain the different milestones in testing approach?. Explain black-box, white-box and gray box testing. Explain the different skills required by software tester. Explain v-model for testing. State and explain the four components of quality. What is validation, and what are its advantages and disadvantages? Explain various levels of validation. Write a note on acceptance testing. Describe verification & validation activities during software development. Describe verification & validation activities during requirement generation in VV Describe verification & validation activities during designs in VV

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Describe verification & validation activities during coding in VV Explain Functional Testing and its limitations. Explain boundary value analysis with diagram and what its limitations are. Explain equivalence class testing. How does weak normal differ from strong normal form of equivalence class testing? Explain decision tables with an example. Explain different types of metric-based testing. A rectangle program accepts four integers as lengths for four sides of length from 1 to 100, inclusively. The output of the program is to determine whether the inputted numbers can form a rectangle, square or neither of these. a) Identify the factors/variables, their input ranges, and conditions for the above problem b) Provide two different test cases for Boundary Value Analysis Testing. c) Provide two different test cases for Robust Worst Boundary Value Analysis Testing. A rectangle program accepts four integers as lengths for four sides of length from 1 to 100, inclusively. The output of the program is to determine whether the inputted numbers can form a rectangle, square or neither of these. a) Identify the output based valid equivalence classes for Strong Normal Equivalence Class Testing and provide two different test cases for the same. b) Identify the valid and invalid equivalence classes for Weak Robust Equivalence Class Testing and provide two different test cases for the same. A rectangle program accepts four integers as lengths for four sides of length from 1 to 100, inclusively. The output of the program is to determine whether the inputted numbers can form a rectangle, square or neither of these. a) Identify the valid equivalence classes for Weak Normal Equivalence Class Testing and provide two different test cases for the same. b) Identify the output based valid and invalid equivalence classes for Strong Robust Equivalence Class Testing and provide two different test cases for the same. A program categorizes manually operated submarines weighing more than or equal to a ton in various classes based on following criteria: An X-class submarine is up to 18 tons machine with capacity for 24 navy personnel and can reach depths of 5000 feet from sea-level. A Y-class submarine is up to 23 tons machine and above 18 tons with capacity for 48 navy personnel and can reach depths of 10000 feet from sea-level. A Z-class submarine is up to 40 tons machine and above 23 tons with capacity for 128 navy personnel and can reach depths of 20000 feet from sealevel. a) Identify the factors/variables, their input ranges, and conditions for the above problem b) Provide two different test cases for Boundary Value Analysis Testing. c) Provide two different test cases for Robust Worst Boundary Value Analysis Testing. What is cyclomatic complexity? Explain with example. Specify all DD-paths and draw the DD-Path graph for the following program graph starting at node 1.

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Write all paths which can be derived by flipping at every decision statement node for following DD-path graph for basis path A-B-D-F-G-Last.
First A B D F

E C

Last

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Specify any three du-paths for lengthOne and any two dc-paths for lengthFour on the following algorithm.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) //Program Rectangle Dim lengthOne, lengthTwo, lengthThree, lengthFour As Integer Output:( Enter four integers for lengths of four sides) Input: (lengthOne, lengthTwo, lengthThree, lengthFour) Output: (The length of first side is , lengthOne) Output: (The length of second side is , lengthTwo) Output: (The length of third side is , lengthThree) Output: (The length of fourth side is , lengthFour) IF (lengthOne == lengthTwo) AND (lengthOne == lengthThree) AND (lengthOne == lengthFour) 10) THEN Output: (The sides form a Square) 11) ELSE IF (lengthOne == lengthThree) AND (lengthTwo == lengthFour) 12) THEN Output: (The sides form a Rectangle) 13) ELSE Output: (The sides do not form a Rectangle) 14) END IF 15) END

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Specify any three du-paths for Period and any two dc-paths for Age on the following algorithm.
1) //Program Bank Interest 2) Dim Period As Integer 3) Dim Age As Float 4) Output:( Enter the Period and Age) 5) Input: (Period, Age) 6) Output: (The values entered are , Period, Age) 7) IF (Age <= 70) 8) THEN IF (100 <= Period < 200 ) 9) THEN Output:( Interest paid is 7%); 10) ELSE IF (200 <= Period < 365 ) 11) THEN Output:( Interest is 8%); 12) ENDIF

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ELSE IF (100 <= Period < 200 ) THEN Output:( Interest paid is 9%); ELSE IF (200 <= Period < 365 ) THEN Output:( Interest is 10%); ENDIF ENDIF END

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Explain testing during the following phases of development a) Requirements b) Test planning c) Design d) Coding What are the contents of testing policy? What are the contents of test strategy? What is test plan? What are its advantages? What are the contents of testing policy? Explain quality plan and test plan. Give the templates for following a) Roles and responsibilities metrics b) Test plan Explain the guidelines for developing a test plan. Discuss the different approaches to test estimation. What are different test standards? Explain the characteristics of good test case. How can we write a good test case? What are mistakes in writing test case? Explain the essentials activities in testing. Explain the different categories of testing related data. What is defect data? Explain. What is efficiency/productivity data? What are different types of efforts? Explain. Discuss the factors affecting testing effectiveness. What is defect density? Explain. What is defect leakage? What is residual defect density? Explain the efficiency of test team and test case? Explain MTBF and MTTR. Explain the process of implementing measurement reporting system in an organization. What are different types of test reports? Explain. What information is contained in project status report? What is the purpose of test report? Discuss the advantages and limitations of function/test metric. Explain the requirements, advantages and limitations of requirements/test metrics report? What is benchmarking? What are its types? Explain the steps in the benchmarking process? What is qualitative data? Explain its advantages and disadvantages What are the types of qualitative data? What are the types of quantitative data? Explain quality tools and non-statistical tools. Explain tree diagram, Inter- relationship diagram, affinity diagram.

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Explain different types of sampling and errors in sampling. Discuss the statistical tools used for data analysis. Discuss the problem concerned in testing process. What is the need for improving the test process? Explain the different phases of test process maturity. What are stakeholders? What are the needs of stakeholders for improving the test process? 101. Explain the components of testing environment. 102. What are the process improvement drives for test process? 103. Explain the test process improvement in the following phases a) Plan b) Do c) Check d) Act