Dubnick Olshfski & Callahan 2009

9

Ioo~fuuarf Ie{acg8Ag Ufi~el cb i Kcdagig{Gi~~i{arf

Dfmrag H' Kvngaej- Kc~c{lq B' Cmulbuja-igk Ji{lf Eimmilig

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I plc{c cb {li{ dcdfg{ au f{elfk bc~ lau{c~q' [lf p~fuakfg{‑u ligku i~fbcmkfk bc~dimmq ag lau mip- lau ligk {v~gfk {c lfi~ ZIgk~fwT Ei~k‑u wc~ku'Lau bief liu i kau{ig{ ucdnf~- imdcu{ b~cxfg- fkoago cg nfwamkf~dfg{'Nvul ~fdfdnf~u f|ie{mq wli{ lf wiu {lagjago8 ”[lfq lik kfemi~fk wi~ cgvu- igk A dikf vp dq dagk i{ {li{ dcdfg{ {li{ wf i~f ocago {c wi~'—

9

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lf akfi cb ”ocago {c wi~— uffdfk cnracvu fgcvol i{ ba~u{ nmvul' _flik nffg i{{iejfk- igk wf pmiggfk {c ~fupcgk ag jagk' A{ wiu {li{uadpmf' C~ wiu a{3 Kfupa{f {lf igimcoafu k~iwg {c {lf i{{iej cg Pfi~mLi~nc~ ag Kfefdnf~- 91;9- {lf kfeauacg {c fg{f~ i ”u{i{f cb wi~— ib{f~Ufp{fdnf~ 99- >009 wiu i vgayvf frfg{ ag Idf~aeig lau{c~q' Im{lcvolc{lf~ Idf~aeig wi~u i~f iuuceai{fk wa{l ”{~aoof~ago— frfg{u ,f'o'- {lfncdni~kdfg{ cb Bc~{ Uvd{f~- {lf uagjago cb {lf Ni{{mfulap Diagf- Pfi~mLi~nc~- {lf agriuacg cb Jvwia{!- gcgf cb {lcuf piu{ agu{igefu ceev~~fkag i ”gi~~i{arf rievvd'— Ag fiel p~fracvu eiuf- {lf ~cik {c wi~ lik nffgwfmm pirfk di{f~aimmq- pcma{aeimmq- igk puqelcmcoaeimmq crf~ ig f|{fgkfkpf~ack cb {adf' [lf ulfmmago cb Bc~{ Uvd{f~ nq Ucv{l Ei~cmagaig {~ccpuwiu {lf evmdagi{acg cb frfg{u {li{ lik vgbcmkfk crf~ ufrf~im dcg{luib{f~ {lf fmfe{acg cb Magecmg igk ib{f~ digq qfi~u cb lfi{fk kauevuuacg

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Dfmrag H' Kvngaej

au P~cbfuuc~ cb Pcma{aeim Ueafgef i{ Vgarf~ua{q cb Gfw Lidpula~f'

Kc~c{lq B' Cmulbuja

au Iuuceai{f P~cbfuuc~ cb Pvnmae Ikdagau{~i{acg i{ ^v{of~u Vgarf~ua{q'

Ji{lf Eimmilig

au Iuuau{ig{ P~cbfuuc~ cb Pvnmae Ibbia~u igk Ikdagau{~i{acg i{ ^v{of~uVgarf~ua{q'

Di{{dc~SRcm;SEl09'agkk 1

?#>?#>001 >8;>896 PD

Kvngaej- Dfmrag H'- Kc~c{lq B' Cmulbuja- igk Ji{lf Eimmilig' >001'.Ioo~fuuarf Ie{acg8 Ag Ufi~el cb i Kcdagig{ Gi~~i{arf'. Ag

[lf Adpie{ cb 1#99 cg {lf Dfkai- I~{u- igk Fg{f~{iagdfg{

- fk' D' H' Dc~oig' Gfw Qc~j8Pimo~irf Diedammig'1$>; ,elip{f~ 9! ,p~ccb piofu!

90

KVNGAEJ- CMULBUJA- IGK EIMMILIG

igk kfni{f'

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[lf pvnmae emidc~ bc~ wi~ wa{l Upiag wiu im~fikq ufr$f~im qfi~u cmk wlfg {lf ni{{mfulap Diagf f|pmckfk igk uigj ag Lirigiag Bfn~vi~q 9<1<- nv{ frfg {lfg {wc dcg{lu piuufk nfbc~f Ecgo~fuukfemi~fk wi~'

5

[lf V'U' fg{~q ag{c {lf Ba~u{ _c~mk _i~ au cb{fg iuucea$i{fk wa{l {lf mcuu cb Idf~aeig marfu wlfg {lf Mvua{igai wiu uigj‛nv{gfi~mq {wc qfi~u igk i o~fi{ kfim cb p~fpi~i{acg piuufk nf{wffg {li{frfg{ igk {lf kfemi~i{acg cb wi~'

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Im{lcvol {lf i{{iej cg Pfi~m Li~nc~wiu i dama{i~q uv~p~auf- a{ {ccj pmief ag {lf daku{ cb i kfni{f crf~ pmigubc~ dcnamaxago igk cgocago p~fpi~i{acgu bc~ wi~ {li{ lik nffg nvamkagobc~ i{ mfiu{ {wc qfi~u'

6

Igk {lf f|{fgkfk nvamk$vp‛puqelcmcoaeimmq iuwfmm iu dama{i~amq‛{c {lf Pf~uaig Ovmb _i~ wiu u{amm b~ful ag cv~ dfdc$~afu iu {lf p~cefuu wiu ~fpfi{fk ag >005'

2

[lf ”wi~ cg {f~~c~— {~aoof~fk nq {lf frfg{u cb 1#99 lik gc uvel ofu${i{acg pf~ack' [lf u{i{f cb wi~ wiu kfemi~fk nq P~fuakfg{ Nvul igk c{l$f~u wa{lcv{ lfua{i{acg- nv{ a{ wiu imuc kcgf wa{lcv{ igq {~ccpu c~ pmiguag pmief {c ecgb~cg{ {lau pi~{aevmi~ fgfdq' Iu adpc~{ig{- a{ ceev~~fk agecg{f|{ cb pvnmae agkabbf~fgef {c igk#c~ aogc~igef cb {lf {l~fi{ pcufk nq {f~~c~au{u' [lf~f lik nffg kauevuuacgu wa{lag ag{fmmfe{vim ecddvga{afuincv{ pcuuanmf ”nmcwnieju—

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igk i ecdago ”emiul cb earamaxi{acgu'—

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[lf~fwf~f imuc wi~gagou auuvfk ag i uf~afu cb ~fpc~{u nq i ~fmi{arfmq cnuev~fikrauc~q ecddauuacg

1

eli~{f~fk ag 911< nq Ufe~f{i~q cb Kfbfguf _ammaidEclfg' Nv{ c{lf~wauf ma{{mf i{{fg{acg wiu oarfg p~f$1#99 {c fu{inmaulago iuefgi~ac bc~ igq{lago ~fufdnmago i wi~ cg {f~~c~' Uvel di{{f~u iu {f~~c~$au{ {l~fi{u ~fdiagfk u{c~afu cb miw fgbc~efdfg{- e~adagim agrfu{aoi{acgu-igk {lf p~cufev{acg cb ncdnf~u igk {lfa~ ec$ecgupa~i{c~u' [lf ncdnagoucb {lf _c~mk [~ikf Efg{f~ ag 9115- cb {lf Dv~~il Bfkf~im Nvamkago agCjmilcdi Ea{q ag 9116- igk {lf f|pmca{u cb {lf Vgincdnf~ wf~f pf~$efarfk iu {lf e~adagim ie{u cb b~agof bigi{aeu wlc wcvmk nf n~cvol{ {c hvu{aef {l~cvol {lf gc~dim eliggfmu cb miw igk c~kf~' Vg{am {lf dc~gagocb 1#99- lcwfrf~- {lf~f wiu gc uvnu{ig{aim ”u{c~q magf— ag {lf pcpvmi~ p~fuuc~ b~cd {lf ocrf~gdfg{ incv{ i wi~ cg {f~~c~'

_i~ Gi~~i{arfu igk {lf Ulipago cb Idf~aeig Evm{v~f

Uv~p~auagomq ma{{mf uelcmi~ulap liu bcevufk cg {lf ~cmf cb gi~~i{arfu ag {adfucb wi~- igk dcu{ cb wli{ wf jgcw cb {lau {cpae au igfekc{im ,ag {lf n~ciklau{c~aeim ufguf! c~ i{lfc~f{aeim' [lf~f i~f i gvdnf~ cb f|idagi{acgu cb lcw kabbf~fg{ gi{acgim evm{v~fu‛waggf~u iu wfmm iu mcuf~u‛ligkmfk {lfdfdc~q cb piu{ wi~u' Mvgknf~o

90

p~crakfu ig igimquau cb {lf ma{f~i{v~f{li{ fdf~ofk b~cd {lf Idf~aeig Earam _i~ iu wfmm iu V'U' agrcmrfdfg{ag _c~mk _i~u A igk AA: Dcfmmf~

99

f|idagfu {lf ufi~el bc~ i ”vuinmf— piu{

Di{{dc~SRcm;SEl09'agkk 90

?#>?#>001 >8;>896 PD

IOO^FUUARF IE[ACG

99

ag pcu{$Gixa pcma{aeu igk dc~f ~fefg{ Of~dig ma{f~i{v~f: igk Aoi~iula

9>

bcevufu cg {lf ma{f~i{v~f cb pcu{wi~ Hipig'Qf{- {lf Idf~aeig evm{v~im f|pf~afgef wa{l wi~ gi~~i{arfu liu ~fefarfkage~fiuago i{{fg{acg ag ~fefg{ qfi~u' _i~ gi~~i{arfu lirf pmiqfk i efg{~im~cmf ag Idf~aeig lau{c~q b~cd {lf cv{uf{ cb ecmcgaxi{acg'

95

[ckiq- {lf~f aui o~cwago ma{f~i{v~f kcevdfg{ago {lf fbbc~{u {c fu{inmaul gi~~i{arfu {li{kfbagfk {lf gi{acg‑u fgfdafu igk {lf {l~fi{u {lfq pcufk' Ucdf cb {lfufu{vkafu bcevu cg {lf diuu dfkai lfmpago uf{ {lf pvnmae dcck bc~ wi~'

9;

C{lf~u ecgefg{~i{f cg u{f~fc{qpaeim adiofu cb fgfdq uceaf{afu igk {lf{l~fi{u {lfq pcufk {c {lf Idf~aeig wiq cb mabf

96

igk lcw {lfuf adiofupf~rikfk Idf~aeig evm{v~f igk {lf gi~~i{arfu cb {lf Ecmk _i~'

92

[lau f|piguarf igk f|pigkago ma{f~i{v~f cg {lf adpc~{igef cb wi~ gi~$~i{arfu ag Idf~aeig evm{v~f wcvmk nf cb ma{{mf adpc~{ cv{uakf cb ieikfdfab gc{ bc~ a{u pc{fg{aim ~fmfrigef {c auuvfu uv~~cvgkago {lf cpf~i{acgu cb ocrf~gdfg{ ag {lf pcu{$1#99 wc~mk' [lf vgayvfgfuu cb {lf kfemi~fk wi~cg {f~~c~ ag {f~du cb nc{l a{u {adago igk fgoiofdfg{ eimmu bc~ i o~fi{f~vgkf~u{igkago cb lcw u{i{f cb wi~ gi~~i{arfu adpie{ cg {lf pvnmae ikdag$au{~i{acg ecddvga{q' [lau- ag {v~g- ~fyva~fu i nf{{f~ vgkf~u{igkago cb {lf~cmf {li{ gi~~i{arfu ag ofgf~im pmiq ag ikdagau{~i{arf mabf'

[lf Efg{~ima{q cb Gi~~i{arfu ag Uceaim igk Ikdagau{~i{arf Mabf

Gi~~i{arfu lirf {ijfg cg ecguakf~inmf adpc~{igef ag {lf uceaim ueafgefuag ~fefg{ qfi~u' Idcgo uceacmcoau{u- ig{l~cpcmcoau{u- igk uceaim puq$elcmcoau{u- {lf vuf cb kauecv~uf igimquau

9?

liu k~iwg o~fi{f~ i{{fg{acg {cgi~~i{arfu vufk ag kau{age{ ecg{f|{u b~cd kiamq ecgrf~ui{acgu

9<

igk ag{f~$ie{acgu ag {lf wc~jpmief

91

{c plquaeaig$pi{afg{ ag{f~ie{acgu

>0

igk efmfn$~a{q ag{f~rafwu'

>9

[lf gfw bafmk cb gi~~i{arf puqelcmcoq

>>

liu ofgf~i{fk igvdnf~ cb u{vkafu i{{fdp{ago {c kfim wa{l {lf mcgo$u{igkago auuvfu cb ufmb akfg{a{q

>5

igk lvdig kfrfmcpdfg{'

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Mfoim uelcmi~u i~f piqago o~fi{f~i{{fg{acg {c {lf ~cmf {li{ gi~~i{arfu igk u{c~q{fmmago pmiq ag {lf kqgidaeucb ma{aoi{acg igk mfoim ~fiucgago'

>6

Pcma{aeim ueafg{au{u lirf ikk~fuufk gi~$~i{arfu {l~cvol {lf u{vkq cb pcma{aeim evm{v~f igk ~lf{c~ae ,ag {lf bc~d cb uqdncmu- akfcmcoq- igk dq{lu! igk pvnmae pcmaeqdijago'

>2

[lf ecddcg{l~fik cb {lfuf igk ~fmi{fk pcma{aeim ueafgef pf~upfe{arfu au {lf rafw cb gi~~i{arfu iu {lf {ccmu‛igk ~fbmfe{acg‛cb pcma{aeim pcwf~'

>?

U{vkfg{u cb pvnmae pcmaeq lirf imuc bcvgk {lf ecgefp{ cb akfcmcoaeimgi~~i{arfu age~fiuagomq vufbvm' Ucdf lirf u{~fuufk {lf adpc~{ig{ lau{c~a$eim ~cmf {li{ gi~~i{arfu ,ag {lf bc~d cb akfcmcoafu c~ ”uelccmu cb {lcvol{—!lirf pmiqfk ag ulipago bc~faog pcmaeqdijago'

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[lf ~cmf cb gi~~i${arfu ag c{lf~ pcmaeq i~fgiu au adpmafk nq {lcuf wlc bcevufk cg pcmaeq

Di{{dc~SRcm;SEl09'agkk 99

?#>?#>001 >8;>896 PD