Dubnick 2005

=51RRIV * Ilvmn 6227

Rwfcom Rgvajvilkmg ! Ilklegigkt Vgqogu#

Qjc+ 6> Kj+ =# Ilvmn 6227# rr+ =51”4<5+¯ 6227 I+G+ ]nlvrg# Okm+ Lcc voent} vg}gvqgd+<7=2)?751*6224 $?+72 ( 2+22+

=51

LMMJWKTLFOCOT_ LKD TNGRVJIO]G JA RGVAJVILKMG

Ok ]glvmn ja tng Igmnlko}i}

IGCQOK DWFKOMH

Vwtegv} Wkoqgv}oty”Kgulvh \wggk‟} Wkoqgv}oty# Fgcal}t

LF]TVLMT0

Ok lk gaajvt tj dgtgviokg tng fl}o} ajv tng l}}wigd vgcltojk}norfgtuggk lmmjwktlfocoty lkd rgvajvilkmg tnlt rgvqldg} iwmn ja mjktgirjvlvyldioko}tvltoqg vgajvi gaajvt}# tno} rlrgv lrrcog} l –}jmolc igmnlko}i}’ lrrvjlmntj gclfjvltg tng almtjv} tnlt ioent fg okqjcqgd ok lmmjwkt eoqoke lkd qlvojw} ajvi} ja ldioko}tvltoqg rgvajvilkmg+ Tno} }glvmn ajv igmnlko}i} okdomltg} tnlt tng vgcltojk}nor o} rlvldj~omlc lkd gotngv }rwvojw} jv }j mjktokegkt l} tj vlo}g|wg}tojk} vgelvdoke ldioko}tvltoqg vgajvi} fl}gd jk ot+ Qlvojw} tngjvgtomlclrrvjlmng} ajv dglcoke uotn tng vgcltojk}nor lvg mjk}odgvgd+

HG_UJVD]0

lmmjwktlfocoty# kgu rwfcom ilklegigkt# rgvajvilkmg# }jmolcigmnlko}i lrrvjlmn

]gca)gqodgkt tvwtn} lvg avg|wgktcy okqjhgd ungk }mnjclv} lkd rjcomyilhgv} rvjrj}grjcotomlc vgajvi}+ Ug jatgk nglv0 –Ot o} jfqojw} tnlt ^ o} tvwg# tngvgajvg ug kggd tj dj_+’ Tng oircomltojk ja tno} l}}gvtojk o} tnlt mjiijk }gk}g domtltg} jwv wkdgv}tlkd)oke ja tng rvjfcgi lkd tng }jcwtojk+ Fwt o} ot vglccy tng ml}g tnlt ^ o} tvwg: Lkd o} _vglccy tng fg}t vg}rjk}g: Tng almt tnlt }jigtnoke o} uodgcy fgcogqgd djg} kjt ilhgot mjvvgmt+ .J}tvji# 6222# r+ ==/

L

ijke tng rgvql}oqg kjtojk} mnlvlmtgvopoke mjktgirjvlvy rwfcom ldioko}tvl)tojk vngtjvom lkd }mnjclv}nor o} tng odgl ja

lmmjwktlfocoty

l} tng }jcwtojk tj luodg vlkeg ja rvjfcgi}+ Lmmjvdoke tj rvjrjkgkt} ja lmmjwktlfocoty)mgktgvgd vg)ajvi}# gknlkmgd lmmjwktlfocoty uocc .lijke jtngv tnoke}/ vg}wct ok

…evgltgv tvlk}rlvgkmy lkd jrgkkg}} ok l ujvcd tnvgltgkgd fy tng rjugvawc ajvmg}ja nogvlvmny lkd fwvglwmvltopltojk .tng rvjio}g ja dgijmvlmy/ .J‟Djkkgcc# <??>8]mngdcgv# Dolijkd# ! Rclttkgv# <???/8…lmmg}} tj oirlvtolc lvgkl} ungvg lfw}g} ja lwtnjvoty mlk fg mnlccgkegd lkd `wdegd.tng rvjio}g ja `w}tomg/ .Lifj}# 62228 Fjvkgilk# <??58 Gc}tgv# 6224/8

Dwfkomh * LMMJWKTLFOCOT_ LKD TNG RVJIO]G JA RGVAJVILKMG=55

…rvg}}wvg} lkd jqgv}oent tnlt uocc rvjijtg lrrvjrvoltg fgnlqojv jk tng rlvt ja rwfcom jaaomolc} .tng rvjio}g ja gtnomlc fgnlqojv/ .Lkgmnolvomj ! @lmjf}# <??48Dwfkomh# 622=8 Evly ! @gkhok}# <??=8 Ijvelk ! Vgykjcd}# <??5/8 lkd…oirvjqgigkt} ok tng |wlcoty ja ejqgvkigkt }gvqomg} .tng rvjio}g ja rgvajvilkmg/+

Tno} rlrgv vgcltg} tj tng cl}t ja tnj}g –rvjio}g} ja lmmjwktlfocoty’ fy g~rcjv)oke tng cjeom lkd o}}wg} wkdgvrokkoke tng vgcltojk}nor fgtuggk lmmjwktlfocotylkd rgvajvilkmg+ ]rgmoaomlccy# O }ggh tj g}tlfco}n .lkd rwt tj w}g/ l avligujvh ajv lk}ugvoke tng |wg}tojk0 O} tngvg l fl}o} ajv tng l}}wigd vgcltojk}nor fgtuggklmmjwktlfocoty lkd rgvajvilkmg .L

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R/ tnlt o} oircogd ok do}mw}}ojk} ja }wmnvgajvi}:Lkyjkg aliocolv uotn mwvvgkt gaajvt} tj vgajvi ejqgvkigkt tnvjwen }tvltgeog}wkdgv tng egkgvlc vwfvom ja kgu rwfcom ilklegigkt .KRI/ uocc lrrvgmoltg tngoirjvtlkmg ja tno} |wg}tojk+ Mjk}tvwmtgd ja egkgvlc djmtvokg} tnlt rvjrjkgkt}mcloi mlk fg wkoqgv}lccy lrrcogd .Njjd# <??</# KRI nl} dgqgcjrgd oktj l ecjflcvgqjcwtojk ok ejqgvklkmg tnlt o} kju l |wlvtgv)mgktwvy jcd .Hgttc# 62228 Rjccott !Fjwmhlgvt# 6222/+ Qlvogd ok ajvi avji `wvo}domtojk tj `wvo}domtojk# KRI nl} rvjqgkmjkmgrtwlccy gcw}oqg ajv }twdgkt} ja rwfcom ldioko}tvltojk+ Kj tg~tfjjh vgkdotojkjv RJ]DMJVF .Rclkkoke# Jvelkopoke# ]tlaaoke# Dovgmtoke# Mjjvdokltoke# Vg)rjvtoke# Fwdegtoke/ g|woqlcgkt} nlqg ygt tj gigveg# fwt tngvg o} l mjk}gk}w} tnlttng ajwkdltojk} ja ijdgvk ejqgvklkmg nlqg }noatgd .Vnjdg}# <??1/+Rgvnlr} tng ij}t awkdligktlc mnlkeg nl} fggk ok tng lctgvgd vjcg ja lmmjwkt)lfocoty ok tng vgajvigd }y}tgi}+ Lmmjwktlfocoty nl} }gvqgd l} l tvldotojklc lkmnjvajv tng ijdgvk }tltg }okmg ot} gigvegkmg ok cltg Ioddcg Leg} .Dwfkomh# 6226/#lkd ot ul} mvotomlc tj tng tvlk}ajviltojk ja ijklvmnolc vwcg oktj vgrvg}gktltoqgejqgvkigkt lkd rjrwclv vwcg .Fgkdo~# <?5>/+ Ok ot} rvg)KRI ajvi# ot ul} ajv)ilcopgd ok ij}t dgijmvltom rjcotomlc }y}tgi} l} ioko}tgvolc vg}rjk}ofocoty .jv}jig cg}} ajvilc igmnlko}i# g+e+# –tng fwmh }tjr} ngvg’/ tnlt ajmw}gd cgelc lkdrjcotomlc lttgktojk jk gcgmtgd jaaomolc} unj ugvg l}}wigd lmmjwktlfcg ajv lcc tnltugkt jk .rj}otoqg jv kgeltoqg/ wkdgv no} jv ngv `wvo}domtojk+ L mgktvlc agltwvg ja tno} qogu ul} tng aomtoqg ygt gaagmtoqg mjqgv ot rvjqodgd tj kjkgcgmtgd ejqgvkigktawkmtojklvog} unj}g lmmjwktlfocoty ul} coiotgd fy tng fjwkdlvog} ja tng legkmytngy ujvhgd ok+ Wkdgv KRI# tno} Domgylk kjtojk ja lmmjwktlfocoty .lkd ot}Ildo}jkolk mjw}ok/ o} fgoke vgrclmgd fy l ajvi ja lmmjwktlfocoty tnlt g}}gktolccy}tvor} tng awkmtojklvog} ja tngov mjqgv lkd njcd} tngi ijvg dovgmtcy vg}rjk}ofcgajv tngov rgvajvilkmg lkd tng ujvh ja tngov legkmy .Flvfgvo}# <??>/+

Tno} rlrgv ul} jvoeoklccy rvg}gktgd lt tng lkkwlc iggtoke ja tng Ligvomlk Rjcotomlc ]mogkmgL}}jmoltojk# Rnocldgcrnol# 622=# lkd tng mjkagvgkmg ja tng Gwvjrglk Evjwr ja Rwfcom Ldiok)o}tvltojk# Co}fjk# Rjvtwelc# 622=+ Tng lwtnjv tnlkh} tnj}g okdoqodwlc} lt fjtn iggtoke} unjrvjqodgd aggdflmh ajv tnj}g dvlat}# g}rgmolccy @jkltnlk @w}tomg lkd Flvvy Iotkomh l} ugcc l}tng

Rwfcom Rgvajvilkmg ! Ilklegigkt

vgqogugv}+

=5>RRIV * Ilvmn 6227

Wkdgvcyoke tng }noat tj tno} kgu lmmjwktlfocoty o} tng uodgkoke lmmgrtlkmg ja rgv}rgmtoqg} tnlt rj}g il`jv mnlccgkeg} tj ijvg tvldotojklc ijdgc} ja ijdgvkejqgvklkmg+ Lctnjwen vgacgmtoke awkdligktlccy do}tokmt ujvcdqogu}# tng kgugvijdgc} ja ejqgvklkmg vgokajvmg tng lkto)fwvglwmvltom KRI rlvldoei uotn oi)leg} ja }gca)}gghoke .rwfcom mnjomg/# twva rvjtgmtoke .fwvglw }nlroke/# dgnwilk)opoke .rj}tijdgvk/ fwvglwmvlmog} tnlt lvg okdoaagvgkt lkd wkvg}rjk}oqg tj tngrwfcom tngy lvg oktgkdgd tj }gvqg+ Tnw}# l il`jv tngig ja KRI vgajvi gaajvt} o}tng oirvjqgigkt ja rwfcom)}gmtjv rgvajvilkmg tnvjwen ajvi} ja lmmjwktlfocotyokqjcqoke ijvg dovgmt mjkkgmtojk} fgtuggk tng rvjqodgv} lkd mjk}wigv} ja rwf)com }gvqomg} .Flvfgvo}# <??>/+ Tng vjcg ja tng gcgmtgd jaaomolc l} l rjokt ja lm)mjwktlfocoty nl} fggk }wf}tlktolccy vgdwmgd# lkd tng g~rj}wvg ja tng ldioko}tvltjvnl} fggk okmvgl}gd+Qogugd ok tno} coent# KRI o} fjtn aj}tgvoke l vldomlc mnlkeg ok fl}om ejqgv)klkmg vgcltojk}nor} lkd ajccjuoke l cjke)}tlkdoke tvldotojk ja iloktlokokelmmjwktlfocoty‟} vjcg ok ijdgvk ejqgvklkmg+ Tng l}}wigd vgcltojk}nor fgtuggklmmjwktlfocoty lkd rgvajvilkmg nl} dggr lkd aovi vjjt} ok lk ldioko}tvltoqg tvl)dotojk }rlkkoke }gqgvlc mgktwvog} .@lmjfy# <?5=/+ Tng gigvegkmg ja tng ijdgvk}tltg nl} fggk cokhgd tj tng kggd ajv tgmnko|wg} lkd tgmnkjcjeog} tnlt ujwcdgknlkmg tng mlrlmoty ja ldioko}tvltoqg mldvg} tj }gvqg tng kggd} lkd uo}ng} ja tngov vwcgv} .]mjtt# <??>/+ Tng mjiijk w}g ja tng tgvi

}gvqlkt}

.ungtngv moqoc jvrwfcom/ ok clfgc} lrrcogd tj ejqgvkigkt jaaomolc} vgacgmt} cokewo}tomlccy unlt o}mgktvlc tj jwv tvldotojklc kjvi} ajv ejqgvklkmg+ Tng rjrwclv lmmgrtlkmg ja qlvo)jw} KRI vgajvi okotoltoqg}—avji Kgu Pglclkd‟} ]tltg ]gmtjv vgajvi} .Kjvilk#62268 Rlccjt# <??>8 ]mnomh# <??1/ tj tng Wkotgd Hokedji‟} Aoklkmolc Ilkleg)igkt lkd Kg~t ]tgr} Okotoltoqg} .Fvjldfgkt# Dogtvomn# ! Clwencok# <??18 Acykk#Evly# @gkhok}# ! Vwtngvajvd# <?>>8 Evly ! @gkhok}# <??=/ tj Mcoktjk*Ejvg‟}Kltojklc Rgvajvilkmg Vgqogu .Aj~# <??18 J}fjvkg ! Elgfcgv# <??68 Tnjir}jk! Vommwmmo# <??>/—ul} fl}gd ok ejjd rlvt jk tng wkmnlccgkegd vngtjvom ja –evgltgv lmmjwktlfocoty uocc iglk oirvjqgd rgvajvilkmg+’

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Uny nl} tno} roqjtlc rvgio}g ejkg wkg~rcjvgd: Tng ij}t jfqojw} lk}ugv o}tnlt tng L

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R vgcltojk}nor nl} lttlokgd tng }tltw} ja lk ok}totwtojklcopgd iytn.DoIleeoj ! Rjugcc# <?>=8 Igygv ! Vjulk# <?55/ lijke fjtn rvjrjkgkt} lkd}twdgkt} ja ldioko}tvltoqg vgajvi+ L} }wmn# ot nl} fgmjig tng wkmnlccgkegd rvgio}gtnlt nl} lqjodgd mcj}g }mvwtoky gotngv tngjvgtomlccy jv girovomlccy+ @lkgt Hgccyjf}gvqg}#

Lmmjwktlfocoty ajv jwtmjig} o} }wmn rjugvawc vngtjvom ajv tno} toig ok jwv ldioko})tvltoqg no}tjvy tnlt ug lvg }|wglio}n tj }wf`gmt tng rvlmtomg ja rgvajvilkmg igl)}wvgigkt tj tng }lig nlv}n }mvwtoky ug cgqgc lt jtngv ldioko}tvltoqg tngjvog}+ .6226#r+ =57/

Tno} rlrgv o} l aov}t }tgr ok lk gaajvt tj g~rcjvg tng L

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R vgcltojk}nor fy rj}ot)oke l avligujvh ajv lklcypoke tng cjeom tnlt ot l}}wig}+ Ajv rwvrj}g} ja tno}