Stemcells Background - Celulas Madre, Antecedentes

DR.
POOJA PRASAD
DEPT OF ORAL PATHOLOGY
NAIR HOSPITAL DENTAL COLLEGE
MUMBAI
Downloaded from www.periocraze.com
Original Work of Dr.Pooja Prasad
Major Topics for Discussion:
2) What are Stem Cells?
3) What are the major types of Stem Cells
and where are they found?
4) Advantages & Disadvantages to ESCs
and ASCs
5) Why are Stem Cells so very important?
6) The Controversy over Stem Cells?
Stem Cells are extraordinary because:
• They can divide and make identical copies of
themselves over and over again (Self-Renewal)
• Remain Unspecialized with no ‘specific’

function or become . . . .
• Specialized (Differentiated) w/ the potential

to produce over 200 different types of cells in
the body.
A. Embryonic Stem Cells
• From blastocysts left over from In-Vitro
Fertilization in the laboratory
• From aborted fetuses
B. Adult Stem Cells

• Stem cells have been found in the blood,
bone marrow, liver, kidney, cornea, dental
pulp, umbilical cord, brain, skin, muscle,
salivary gland . . . .
Description: A colony of embryonic stem cells. 10X. Image in the Public Domain.
Description: (A) Human ESCs; (B) Neurons derived from Human ESCs. Images
courtesy of Nissim Benvenisty.
Caption: This image depicts a colony of human embryonic stem cells grown over a period of 10 months in the absence of mouse feeder cells. The cell
nuclei are stained green; the cell surface in red.
Embryonic S.C. Adult S.C.
“Pluripotent” “Multipotent”
(can become any cell) (“can become many but
not any”)
Stable. Can undergo Less Stable. Capacity
many cell divisions. for self-renewal is
limited.
Easy to obtain but Difficult to isolate in
blastocyst is destroyed. adult tissue.
Possibility of rejection?? Host rejection minimized
 Stem cells allow us to study how organisms
grow and develop over time.
 Stem cells can replace diseased or damaged
cells that can not heal or renew themselves.
 We can test different substances (drugs and
chemicals) on stem cells.
 We can get a better understanding of our
“genetic machinery.”
Parkinson’s Disease
Leukemia (Bone Marrow Transplants)
Skin Grafts resulting from severe burns
Stem Cell Therapy has the Potential to:

Regenerate tissues/organs/tooth
Cure diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis,
etc.
Teeth (and possibly also hair) are likely to
be among the first organs that may
provide a ‘‘proof of principle’’ for tissue
engineered replacement organs.
Engineering a tooth in vitro by

harnessing the basic principles of
odontogenesis and the inductive
capability of the oral epithelium of the
developing embryo is now a reality.
 The main idea behind tissue regeneration
is to employ the use of Multipluripotent
Stem cells harvested from the pulp.
 Then loading it to a scaffolding which

allows for their stable transfer into the
target where they can grow to form
dentin.
 The identification of genes and genes
products of enamel formation
(amelogenin,ameloblastin) made it possible
for enamel regeneration which due to its
complex constituents was still far from
regeneration.
 The most versatile stem cells, called

pluripotent stem cells, are present in the
first days of embryonic development.
 Stem cells are present in dental pulp and
PDL.
 Recent studies also report their presence
in exfoliated deciduous human teeth and
porcine third molar tissue.
 When transplanted in immunocompromised
mice they gave rise to dentin like
structures which proved that the pulp
contained stem cells.
Embryonic Stem cells are derived from extra
blastocysts that would otherwise be discarded
following IVF.
Extracting stem cells destroys the developing
blastocyst (embryo).
-Questions for Consideration-
Is an embryo a person?
Is it morally acceptable to use embryos for
research?
When do we become “human beings?”
C CORD BLOOD BANKING
It’s a facility which stores umbilical

cord blood for future use.
 Collected from the umbilical cord that has
been cut & is obtained from the placental
end of the cord.
 Minimum amount of blood required is 75 ml.
 After being sent to lab ,it is cryopreserved
i.e slowly cooling to -90 celcius then stored
under -196 celcius in liquid nitrogen tank.
 Full screening of the sample is mandatory.
National Institute of Immunohaematology,
KEM Hospital, Mumbai.
Bombay Hospital,Mumbai.
It takes a
collaborative
approach to
make the future
come to
present…

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DR.

themselves over and over again (Self-Renewal)

• Remain Unspecialized with no ‘specific’

• Specialized (Differentiated) w/ the potential

B. Adult Stem Cells

Stem Cell Therapy has the Potential to:

Engineering a tooth in vitro by

 Then loading it to a scaffolding which

 The most versatile stem cells, called

It’s a facility which stores umbilical

 Minimum amount of blood required is 75 ml.

 Full screening of the sample is mandatory.

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