FISIKA ELEKTRO

Current and resistance o I= o Average current: I = nqvdA, where n = density of charge, q =charge on each carrier, vd = drift speed, and A = cross-sectional area of conductor. o Current density: J = I A = nqvd o J = !", where ! is conductivity o Inverse of conductivity is resistivity: $ = o %esistivity of conductor varies appro&i'ately linear with te'peratures: $ = $()#*+,---(./ 0irect Current o 1irchoff %ules: 2 Iin = 2 Iout 23 * 2I% = ( o 4ith capacitor Charging: q,t. = Q,# 5 e-t %C. and I,t.= charge ,C63. 0ischarging: q,t. = Qe-t %C and I,t.= charge on capacitor
3 t %C e , where Q is 'a&i'u' % # ! dQ dt

Q t %C e , where Q is initial %C

7agnetic 8ield o 8 = 96I6: = q6v69 q6v696sin ;, where ; is s'aller angle <etween v and 9 o In the s'all parts of wire: d8 = 9.I.ds o :oop carrying current: 7agnetic dipole 'o'ent: = = I.A -orque: > = =.9 ?otential energy: @ = - =.9 o 7oving of particle in 'agnetic field 4ill 'aAe circular path %adius: r = q9
'v

Angular speed: B =

q9 '

Cource of 'agnetic field o 9iot-Cavart :aw: = I ds r Dn a point: d9= ( E FG r =I Dn straight wire: 9 = ( EG a

Colenoid: 9 = =(.n.I = HI -oroid: 9 = ( EG r 8orce per length <etween two parallel straight wire:
8 =(I#IE = d EG a

o 7agnetic 8lu&: I = J9.dA o A'pere-7a&well :aw: A'pere law: the line integral of around any closed path equals =(.I, where I is the total steady current passing through any surface <ounded <y the closed path: 9ds= =(.I Keneral for' ,A'pere-7a&well. : 'agnetic fields are produced <oth <y conduction currents and <y changing electric fields: 9ds= =(.I * =(.Id, where Id = 3( o Classification of 7agnetic Cu<stances 8erro'agnetic: strong 'agnetic effects ?ara'agnetic: s'all <ut positive 'agnetic suscepti<ility 0ia'agnetic: weaA 'agnetic 'o'ent :aw of Induction o 8aradayMs :aw: "'f induced in a circuit is directly proportional to the ti'e rate of change of 'agnetic flu& through the circuit: 3 = o :enNM :aw: induced current and induced e'f in a conductor are in such a direction as to oppose the change that produced the'. Inductance o Celf-inductance: 3 = : o :=
HL I dI , where : is inductance dt dL dt dL , 3( is per'itivity dt

o %: Circuit: Charging ,connected with a <attery.: I = 0ischarging: I =

3 t > e % 3 ,# et >. %

> = -i'e constant = : % o "nergy: @ = :IE E o "nergy density: u =

9E E=(

o 7utual inductance: 7 =

H#L#E HEL#E = I# IE

o :C Circuit: Q = Q'a&6cos,Bt*I., where I is phase constant

B= # :C

-otal energyO @ = @c * @: