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CECW-EGEngineer Manual1110-2-2002
Department of the Army
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Washington, DC 20314-1000
EM 1110-2-200230 June 1995Engineering and DesignEVALUATION AND REPAIR OFCONCRETE STRUCTURES
Distribution Restriction Statement
Approved for public release; distribution isunlimited.
 
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
EM 1110-2-2002
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
CECW-EG
Washington, DC 20314-1000
ManualNo. 1110-2-2002 30 June 1995
Engineering and DesignEVALUATION AND REPAIR OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES
1. Purpose.
This manual provides guidance on evaluating the condition of the concrete in a struc-ture, relating the condition of the concrete to the underlying cause or causes of that condition, selectingan appropriate repair material and method for any deficiency found, and using the selected materialsand methods to repair or rehabilitate the structure. Guidance is also included on maintenance of con-crete and on preparation of concrete investigation reports for repair and rehabilitation projects. Con-siderations for certain specialized types of rehabilitation projects are also given.
2. Applicability.
This manual is applicable to all HQUSACE elements, major subordinate commands,districts, laboratories, and field operating activities having civil works responsibilities.FOR THE COMMANDER:____________________________________________________________________________________This manual supersedes EM 1110-2-2002, dated 25 July 1986.
 
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
EM 1110-2-2002
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
CECW-EG
Washington, DC 20314-1000
ManualNo. 1110-2-2002 30 June 1995
Engineering and DesignEVALUATION AND REPAIR OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Table of Contents
Subject Paragraph Page Subject Paragraph Page
Chapter 1Introduction
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-1Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-1References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1-1Definitions and Abbreviations . . . . . . 1-4 1-1Methodology for Repairand Rehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-1
Chapter 2Evaluation of the Concretein Concrete Structures
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2-1Review of Engineering Data . . . . . . . 2-2 2-1Condition Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2-1Underwater Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2-13Laboratory Investigations . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2-18Nondestructive Testing . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2-18Stability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 2-22Deformation Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 2-22Concrete Service Life . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2-22Reliability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 2-23
Chapter 3Causes of Distress andDeterioration of Concrete
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3-1Causes of Distressand Deterioration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3-1Relating Symptoms to Causes of Distress and Deterioration . . . . . . . . 3-3 3-12
Chapter 4Planning and Designof Concrete Repair
General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-1Properties of Repair Materials . . . . . 4-2 4-2Application and Service Conditions . 4-3 4-4Material Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 4-5Repair Materials Database . . . . . . . . 4-5 4-5General Categorizationof Repair Approach . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 4-6Repair of Cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 4-6Repair of Spallingand Disintegration . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 4-7
Chapter 5Concrete Removal andPreparation for Repair
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5-1Concrete Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5-1Preparation for Repair . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 5-17
Chapter 6Materials and Methods forRepair and Rehabilitation
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-1Additional Reinforcement . . . . . . . . 6-2 6-1Autogenous Healing . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 6-2Conventional Concrete Placement . . 6-4 6-2Crack Arrest Techniques . . . . . . . . . 6-5 6-4Drilling and Plugging . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 6-5Drypacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 6-5Fiber-Reinforced Concrete . . . . . . . 6-8 6-6Flexible Sealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 6-6Gravity Soak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 6-7Grouting (Chemical) . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11 6-8Grouting (Hydraulic-Cement) . . . . . 6-12 6-8High-Strength Concrete . . . . . . . . . 6-13 6-9Jacketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 6-9Judicious Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15 6-9Overlays (Polymer) . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16 6-10
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