3. Take !

= f where f is an arbitrary (scalar, vector, or whatever) function on <3: Then (1) becomes
Z

@f dy + @f dz) dx + f = ( @f @y @z @S S @x
Z

which is the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

@fx dx) ^ (dy ^ dz) + ( @fy dy) ^ (dz ^ dx)with all other terms van z dz ) ^ ( dx ^ dy ) + ( d! = ( @f @z @x @y @fy + @fz )dx ^ dy ^ dz x + = ( @f @x @y @z ~dV: = r f
Hence (1) becomes Gauss' Theorem:
Z

An important result in the theory of di erential forms is the Generalized Stokes' Theorem: Z Z ! = d! (1) @S S where ! is an arbitrary n-form and S is an arbitrary orientable n-manifold. (I'm wondering what happens if S is not orientable. My guess is: then the theorem is not applicable. see Mahadevan and Keller, Proc R Soc London A, v440, 149-162, (1993).) In <3 this reduces to Gauss' Theorem, Stokes' Theorem and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus respectively if ! is taken to be a 2-form, 1-form and 0-form: ~ n 1. Take ! = f ^ dA = (fz dx ^ dy + fxdy ^ dz + fy dz ^ dx where f is an arbitrary vector function on <3: Then,

@uy ; @ux )dx ^ dy + ( @uz ; @uy )dy ^ dz + ( @ux ; @uz )dz ^ dx = ( @dx @dy @dy @dz @dz @dx ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = (r u)z dx ^ dy + (r u)xdy ^ dz + (r u)y dz ^ dx ~ ~ = (r u) n ^ dAin vector notation. Hence (1) becomes Stokes Theorem:
Z
@S

2. Taking ! = uxdx + uy dy + uz dz = ~ u d~ r where u is an arbitrary vector on <3 we have: d! = duxdx + duy dy + duz dz @ux dy + @ux dz) ^ dx + ( @uy dx + @uy dy + @uy dz) ^ dy + ( @uz dx + @uz dy + @ x = ( @u dx + @x @y @z @x @y @z @x @y

~ n f ^dA = @V

Z
V

~dV r f

~ ~ ~ u d~ r = S (r u) n ^ dA:
1