PENGENALAN DAN FUNGSI PENGHADAMAN

Digestive System
Alimentary Canal: hollow tube extending from mouth to anus
Technically outside the body Covered with mucous membrane

Accessory digestive organs teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Take in food Break down the food Absorb digested molecules Provide nutrients Eliminate wastes

The Digestive System

Digestive Tract Histology

1. 2. 3. 4.

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa

(adventitia)

Goals of the Digestive System

1. Extract nutrients from food
2. Transform nutrients into useful forms Ex- oreo= glucose

3. Absorb nutrients and distribute them where they are needed

Functions of the Digestive System

Ingestion: intake of nutrients
Digestion: breakdown of large particles into smaller ones Absorption: uptake of nutrient molecules Defecation: elimination of undigested residues

Actions of the Digestive System

1. Motility
Breaks up food Moves food through the GI tract (Peristalsis) Mixes with digestive enzymes Release of enzymes and hormones for chemical digestion and regulation Absorption of nutrients from the tissues by the blood and lymph for transport

2. Secretion

3. Membrane Transport
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Stages of Digestion
Mechanical: physical breakdown of food
Chemical: digestive enzymes hydrolyze food particles to break larger molecules into smaller ones

Some nutrients are absorbed with out digestion

Vitamins, minerals, cholesterol, water