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KULIAH 1
Konsep dan Jenis Penyelidikan Pendidikan
Mans search for meaning is the primary motivation in his life and not a secondary rationalization of instinctual drives. This meaning is unique and specific in that it must and can be fulfilled by him alone: only then does it achieve a significance which will satisfy his own will to meaning Viktor Frankl, (1984, p.121)..
While this struggle and this will are individual, meaning is not found in some existential vacuum, but in relation to others.
A thought may be compared to a cloud shedding a shower of words. Precisely because thought does not have its automatic counterpart in words, the transition from thought to word leads through meaning (p.150). Vygotsky (1962) He further states that to understand other peoples speech we need to understand not only their words but their motivation. This comes about through knowing, and especially through being a part of, the context in which anothers words are spoken.
Polanyi (1962, pp. 57-58) calls the kind of meaning that a context itself possesses existential; words (together with more complex entities such as concepts and theories) used in a cultural context have what Polanyi calls denotative or representative meaning.
Makna linguistik berhubung rapat dengan makna konseptual- pemahaman tacit konsep dikalangan peserta dalam sesuatu budaya dimana berasaskan pengetahuan budaya diasaskan.
As Polanyi writes, In learning to speak, every child accepts a culture constructed on the premises of the traditional interpretation of the universe, rooted in the idiom of the group to which it was born, and every intellectual effort of the educated mind will be made within that frame of reference (1962, p.112). This important idea has many ramifications for educational research
JENIS-JENIS PENYELIDIKAN
Logik induktif menganalisis peristiwa untuk kenalpasti generalisasi Contoh: Setiap siswazah yang ditemubual mengambil kursus penyelidikan pendidikan. Oleh itu, semua pelajar pasca siswazah perlu mengambil penyelidikan pendidikan
Logik deduktif menemui kesimpulan spesifik berasaskan generalisasi Contoh: Setiap pasca siswazah yang ditemubual mengambil kursus penyelidikan pendidikan. Anda seorang pelajar pasca siswazah. Maka anda akan mengambil kursus penyelidikan pendidikan.
Penyelidikan Asas dilaksanakan untuk membina teori. Dalam pendidikan, ia membantu membentuk prinsip pembelajaran umum Contoh: Bagaimana penggunaan graphic organizers membantu pelajar memperolehi pengetahuan?
Penyelidikan gunaan lebih mementingkan bagaimana teori digunakan dalam situasi pendidikan(educational settings). Contoh: Dapatkah graphic organizers membantu pelajar di Tahun 1?
Contoh:
Sekolah A telah memenangi banyak hadiah dalam melaksanakan teknologi merentas kurikulum. Anda mengambil keputusan untuk menyiasat apakah yang telah mereka lakukan membantu mereka berjaya. Selepas perbincangan dengan guru besar, anda dapati terdapat 3 orang guru penting dalam pembangunan teknologi. Sebagai penyelidik kualitatif apakah yang akan anda lakukan untuk kenalpasti mengapa mereka sangat berjaya?
Penggunaan penyelidikan kuantitatif yang berbeza bergantung kepada: Jenis soalan yang ditanya; Tujuan penyelidikan, dan; Bilangan subjek yang boleh diperolehi oleh penyelidik
Masalah penyelidikan diskriptif: Kurang responden Keputusan yang biase Example: What will the field of educational design be like in five years? Ten years? How would you set up such a study?
Causal-Comparative Research
Kajian untuk melihat hubungan sebab dan kesan melalui perbandingan kumpulan. Pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan dan penyebab kepada pembolehubah lain untuk berubah dipanggil independent variable. Pembolehubah yang respon kepada perubahan dipanggil dependent variable.
Dalam kajian ini independent variable sudah dikenalpasti: jantina, umur /SES subjek tersebut. Example: Do adults from low SES backgrounds have a higher attrition rate in high technology companies than adults from middle class backgrounds?
Numerical data
Nonnumerical narrative and visual data Research problems and methods evolve as understanding of topics deepens No Smaller Relies on categorizing and organizing data into patterns to produce a descriptive,,narrative synthesis Extensive interaction Meaning is situated in a particular perspective or context that is different for people and groups; therefore, the world has many meanings
Research problem
Hypothesis and research procedures stated before beginning study Yes Larger Relies on statistical procedures
Little interaction We live in a stable and predictable world that we can measure, understand, and generalize about
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