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Pa
1.1489t
=
1.33 x10 5 t 2 + 9.084 x10 3 t 3 . En
PH
273.1 + t
la ecuacin dada se reemplaza t en C PH (presin de hielo) dado y se calcula PA.
t (C)
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
P hielo (mmHg)
1,361
1,490
1,632
1,785
1,950
2,131
2,326
2,537
2,765
3,013
3,280
3,568
3,880
4,217
4,579
P agua (mmHg)
1,560
1,692
1,835
1,987
2,149
2,326
2,514
2,716
2,931
3,163
3,410
3,673
3,956
4,258
4,579
P (mmHg)
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
-15
-10
-5
t (C)
P hielo
P agua
3) Para calcular el punto de fusin del hielo de 0 a 100 atm, tomamos la informacin
necesaria como: densidades, la entalpa de fusin: s = 0.917 g/cm3, l = 1.00 g/cm3, Hf
= 79.7cal/g a 0 C. Usamos la ecuacin de Clapeyron:
H f
T
dP
H
ln 2 . Despejamos T2 en funcin de la P2 y
=
, integrando P2 P1 =
V
T1
dT TV
( P2 1)atm.x (1 1.0905)cm 3 .g 1
1L
24.2cal
T2 = 273.15 K EXP
x
x
79.7cal.g 1
1000cm 3 1L.atm
Damos valores a la presin de 0 a 100 para obtener los valores del punto de fusin:
P (atm)
1
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
100
t (K)
273.1500
273.0825
273.0149
272.9474
272.8799
272.8124
272.7450
272.6775
272.6101
272.5427
272.4753
272.4079
t (C)
0.0000
-0.0675
-0.1351
-0.2026
-0.2701
-0.3376
-0.4050
-0.4725
-0.5399
-0.6073
-0.6747
-0.7421
t (C)
20
40
60
P (atm)
80
100
120
4) Representar el diagrama P-T (de fases) del agua tomando los datos de la tabla para
los equilibrios slido-vapor y lquido-vapor.
t (C)
-98
-80
-60
-40
-20
-5
-1.635
-0.75
0
20
60
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
370
374.15
T (K)
175.15
193.15
213.15
233.15
253.15
268.15
271.515
272.4
273.15
293.15
333.15
373.15
393.15
413.15
433.15
453.15
473.15
493.15
513.15
533.15
553.15
573.15
593.15
613.15
643.15
647.3
P (mmHg)
0.000015
0.0004
0.00808
0.0966
0.776
3.013
4.01
4.282
4.579
17.535
149.38
760
1489.099
2710.439
4635.602
7520.497
11662.13
17399.07
25109.33
35208.41
48153.08
64447.37
84671.04
109542.6
157910.2
165913.6
P (mmHg)
165913.64
76000
4.479
180000
160000
P (mmHg)
140000
120000
100000
80000
Slido
Lquido
60000
40000
20000
0
-20000 0
A
100
Vapor
O
200
300
400
500
600
T (K)
700
t (C)
-98
-80
-60
-40
-20
-5
-1.635
-0.75
0
20
60
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
370
374.15
T (K)
175.15
193.15
213.15
233.15
253.15
268.15
271.515
272.4
273.15
293.15
333.15
373.15
393.15
413.15
433.15
453.15
473.15
493.15
513.15
533.15
553.15
573.15
593.15
613.15
643.15
647.3
ln P
-11.1074604
-7.82404601
-4.81836341
-2.33717654
-0.25360276
1.10293626
1.38879124
1.45442019
1.52148063
2.86419888
5.00649339
6.63331843
7.30592652
7.90486589
8.44152135
8.92538751
9.36410212
9.76417204
10.1309948
10.4690403
10.7821404
11.0736042
11.3465289
11.6040688
11.9697818
12.0192224
ln P
12.0192227
11.2384886
1.49939981
Lquido
10
ln P
Slido
Vapor
0
-5 0
100
200
300
400
-10
-15
T (K)
500
600
700