Why We Print Free Publication

“Inspired to be GREEN” September 2009

We asked ourselves, should we publish “Inspired to
be GREEN” as a paper magazine or should we just
send it out as an email? Wouldn’t it make sense to
send it digitally with zero emissions? We would avoid
deforestation by not printing and then prevent further
pollution caused by the distribution. Then again, you can
make a much bigger difference by reading, learning and
implementing green in your buildings and in your life...

Here are the reasons why we think printing would make

a bigger difference:

for those inspired by green, written by the experts in green

We are living in a time where everyone is busy and
time is the most valuable good. To read information
from paper is better for your eyes and you can take our
magazine wherever you like.
Whenever you get a free minute, pull it out, and get
to know the latest & greatest green news and a whole
lot of information that would help you in the design &
construction of green buildings.

Take the first action and just read it, and then tell others
to read it too.
inspired to be
“Inspired to be GREEN” will make you think of a
healthier planet and a greener future. If you take just
one action to be greener, make greener products, use
renewable materials or invest in green technology
then you can easily offset 10, 100 or 1000 times the
emissions caused by printing this magazine.

After you read the magazine you can give it for

paper recycling or you get very creative and make
something useful out of it. We hope that you love our
magazine and collect the issues or hand it over to other
people, to share the knowledge.

We put all our passion for green and our love for mother
earth in creating this magazine, and we hope you will
enjoy reading it.
 inspired to be

GREEN
Glass in Green contents
Architecture 4
Glass is one of the most important
construction materials in modern architecture, and
it is a vital part of green buildings. Discover more
about this great material and how to use it best.

Green Factories 8
An in depth look at the newly launched IGBC green factories
rating system. Information about the rating system,
registrastion, fee, certification and benefits and why it is
important for all new factories in India to go green.

Green with GRIHA 14

The Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, devised by
the Energy and Resources Institute is an excellent benchmark for
International green buildings.

Energy Simulation &

Energy Efficiency Measures 20
Explore the capabilities and benefits of computer simulation and energy modelling of
buildings. See how this tool can assist architects, service consultants and the project team
to make the best decisions in terms of design, systems and material selection for a green
building. See the various energy efficiency measures and how they can be validated for a
hypothetical building, using eQuest simulation software.
More about:
Design and Development -
LED Lighting,
Green Architect of the Month 42 Water Saving Fixtures,
A short journey into the endeavours, philosophy and key people behind Design and Development. CO2 Emissions,
One of the leading architectural firms in the country, who are involved in land mark green Clean Development Mechanism,
projects like the Wipro Campus, Greater Noida, Green Boulevard and IHDP Business Park.
Kyoto Protocol,

Facade Integration of Photovoltaic Green Roofs,

LEED Accredited Professionals,
Modules 48 Hemp as Building Material,
A brief introduction about the photovoltaic modules which enhances the facade’s Chilled Beams...
functionality and energy consumption, providing information about its design aspects and the
possibility of its integration to the building facade.
LEED Accredited Professionals
Their role in a green building project, benefits of having one on the team and how
to become one yourself…
Who is a LEED AP and what is his role?
The LEED AP credential signifies an extraordinary depth of
knowledge in green building practices and specialization in a
particular field.
A LEED Accredited Professional is an individual who has shown
adequate knowledge and experience in the field of green building and
LEED certification of projects, by passing the LEED AP examination
administered by the Green Building Certification Institute.
The LEED AP is a pivotal person in the green building design and
construction and leads the effort to meet the criteria and credits
listed by the LEED rating system. The LEED AP also helps the team
coordinate and complete the documents and calculations required
to meet the requirements of each credit in the format prescribed
in the LEED reference manual. He forms the link between project
team and USGBC to clarify any project specific questions.
The greatest benefit, of course, is a more streamlined and hassle
free certification process and a go to person for any questions that
usually arise.
The New LEED AP Exam:
The Green Building Certification Institute has launched a new
exam and credentialing program. It has become a 2 step process to
become a LEED AP+ and is explained in great detail.
GBCI has now introduced 3 levels of Accredited Professionals.
1. Level I – LEED Green Associate
2. Level II – LEED Accredited Professional with specialty
3. Level II – LEED Fellow
TM TM TM TM
TM
3
The Indian Green Building Council™
Accredited Professional Examination
The ‘Indian Green Building Council™ Accredited Professional Examination’ (IGBC™ AP)
offered by the IGBC is a credential for professionals to participate in green building projects.
Introduction:
The examination is not based on any specific rating system. It is designed to
test the knowledge of a candidate on green building design and construction.
Qualified individuals can be involved in projects registered under the 'IGBC rating
programmes' like IGBC Green Homes, IGBC Factory buildings, IGBC Existing
Buildings etc., Projects would achieve one credit point under 'Innovation and
Design' category if an IGBC AP is part of the project team.
Examination Administration:
Candidates need to register with the Indian Green Building Council through the
IGBC website www.igbc.in. On receipt of the examination fee, the examination
date and venue will be intimated via email. Results will be reported to
the candidate immediately on completion of the exam. Successful candidates
will be awarded the ‘IGBC Accredited Professional’ certificate and will be listed
on the IGBC web site. Unsuccessful candidates can schedule to retake the
exam by repeating the registration process.
Examination Eligibility:
All students/ professionals of the building industry are eligible to appear for
this examination.
Examination Fee:
Students: Rs 3000/- , Professionals (IGBC Members): Rs 5000/- , Professionals
(Non Members): Rs 7000/-
Location and Frequency of Examination:
The examination is offered online, computer based, twice a month at Merit
Trac examination centers in the following cities: Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi,
Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai.
In the following cities, period of exam is once a month and the centers are
subject to availability. Pune, Ahmedabad, Cochin, Coimbatore, Lucknow.
Examination Structure & Content: Suggested Material for Reading:
The examination has three sections: • IGBC Homes Detailed Reference Guide
• Section I: Green Building Design & Construction • IGBC Factory Building Rating Abridged
• Section II: Building Standards & Codes reference guide
• Section III: IGBC Resources and Processes • Reference Standards such as NBC guidelines,
TM
• Section IV: Green Design Strategies & Impacts ECBC, ASHRAE 90.1, ASHRAE 62.1, etc.,
• Background material of green building training
The exam would consist of 110 questions in programme conducted by IGBC
multiple-choice format, with each question carrying • LEED India NC detailed reference guide
one mark. To be successful, the candidates will • LEED India CS detailed reference guide
have to score a minimum of 85 marks.
5
7
Green Factories... IGBC Green Factories Rating System
With the advancement of the green building movement in India, many companies have evinced keen inter-
9

the requirement for any The answer is Green

Factories. When designed, est in having a holistic green design and construction framework for new factory buildings.

new industry in India constructed and managed

in an environmentally
sensitive manner, these
factories can reduce
We are all well aware that industry forms the backbone of our Indian the negative impact on
economy. Watching so many movies about global warming and climate the environment. Here
change, one is almost led to believe that industrial development is the are some facts about
culprit and should be curtailed. How can sustainable development be industries that should make
possible when our economy is growing at such a fast pace and the local you realize that we are
and international demands are so high? currently developing in an
unsustainable manner and
Green Factories in India: change and improvement is
our only option.
Why is this so important?
IGBC, in its endeavor to extend green building concepts to all building types has developed the IGBC Green
Factory Building rating system. IGBC Green Factory Building rating system is the first of its kind addressing
sustainability in industrial buildings. The programme is fundamentally designed to address national priori-
ties and quality of life for factory workmen.
IGBC Green Factory Building Rating System is a voluntary and consensus based programme. The rating
system has been developed based on the contemporary materials and technologies. It would facilitate
the development of green factories. The rating system evaluates certain credit points using a prescriptive
approach and other credits on a performance based approach. IGBC green factories have evolved so as to
be comprehensive and at the same time user-friendly.

Factory related pollution is the number one source of pollution in the The pilot version of the rating system has been launched on 10th July 2009. Project teams interested in
World. Factory pollution accounts for more than half the volume of all
IGBC Green Factory Building Certification for their projects must register with IGBC. Benefits of Green Factory
water pollution, as well as for the most deadly of pollutants.
Buildings include energy savings from 30 – 40 %, water savings around 20 – 30%, enhanced indoor air
Most of the manufacturing factories consume vast quantities of fresh quality, good day-lighting and hence increased productivity, health, wellbeing and safety of the work force,
water to carry away wastes of several different types. This waste water
reduced dependency on virgin materials and reduced use of fossil fuels.
from industrial factories is discharged into lakes, oceans and streams,
which eventually disperse the polluting effluent substances.

Construction related factory discharge includes gypsum, metals, IGBC Green Factory Building rating
cement, abrasives and poisonous solvents which pollute air and water addresses green features under the
and the negative effects are seen in cities all over the world. Power following categories:
plants cause thermal pollution when they increase water temperatures.
These increases of temperature affect the amounts of oxygen that • Site Selection and Planning
are suspended in a volume of water. Changing the oxygen level of water • Water Conservation
disrupts the ecological balance of a body of water. This can kill animals • Energy Conservation
and plant species, at the same time it encourages the overgrowth of • Material Conservation
other plant and animal species. • Indoor Environment Quality and
Occupational Health
Factory pollution includes carbon monoxide, which is mainly produced in • Innovation & Design Process
combustion processes. Though most carbon monoxide pollution comes
from motorized vehicles, there are also many combustion driven power
plants still in operation today.

Factory pollution includes chlorofluorocarbons, which have been shown

to destroy the ozone layer. Hydrocarbon gases and nitrogen oxides are
frequently emitted by industrial factories.

Sulfur oxides cause acid rain and come from the burning of fuel that
contains sulfur. Sulfur oxides are mostly produced at power plants or
even combustion-driven power plants. Points Weightage for IGBC Green Factories

Other types of pollutants that are known products of factory waste

include volatile organic compounds like solvents, gasoline, petroleum
products and cleaning solutions. Modine Thermal Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Factory,
Architect CRN Associates, Chennai.
A Step by Step Guide,
To Getting your Factory Certified
Registration
Project teams interested in IGBC Green Factory Building
Certification for their project must first register with Registration Fee
IGBC. Registration is the initial step which helps establish IGBC Members Rs. 90,000 Emergent Ventures India
contact with IGBC and provides access to the required
documents, templates, important communications and other Non-Members Rs. 95,000
necessary information.
To register your project visit their IGBC Green Factory Building registration page. Once the project is registered,
the project team can start preparing for documentation & calculations to satisfy mandatory requirements Emergent Ventures India is a leading advisory firm, delivering solutions and services for climate change
and credit submittal requirements. mitigation. EVI works as a strategic partner with clients to develop, implement and execute profitable
business models that enhance renewable energy, clean technologies and promote sustainable development.
Certification
Once a project has registered under the IGBC Green Factories Rating System, the project design must ensure • Clean Development Mechanism / Verified Emission Reductions Feasibility
that the requirements of the rating system are met. The project team will be expected to provide supporting • CDM Due Diligence/ Execution
Carbon • CER Generation, Carbon Asset Management
documents for each stage of submission for all the mandatory requirements and the credits attempted.
• Carbon Trading & Brokerage
Supporting documents are those which provide specific proof of meeting the required performance
level - such as specifications, drawings (in pdf/ jpeg format only), cutsheets, manufacturers literature, • Policy Research & Advisory
purchase invoices and other documents. Strategy • Climate Change Strategy
• Carbon Footprinting
Certification Fee • Carbon Neutrality Services

Less than 5,000 sqm 5,001 to 50,000 sqm Above 50,001 sqm • Equity/Investor Financing of Projects
Finance • Engineering, Procurement & Construction Services
Fixed Rate Based on sqm Fixed Rate & Technology • Overall Project Development, Construction -
Founding Rs.2,25,000 Rs.2,25,000 plus Rs.5.30 per Rs.4,65,000 & Management Services
additional sqm over and • Master Integrator
members
above 5,001 sqm
Annual Members Rs.2,60,000 Rs.2,60,000 plus Rs.5.30 per Rs.5,00,000 Carbon Advisory Business Climate Value Advisory Carbon Finance & Technology
additional sqm over and
above 5,001 sqm • 29 CDM projects registered 200+ • Provide strategic advisory • 50MW wind, 30MW biomass,
Rs.2,70,000 plus Rs.5.30 per Rs.5,10,000 projects in the pipeline. services to infrastructure, steel, 6MW waste to power projects
Non-Members Rs.2,70,000
additional sqm over and • Managing a portfolio of 140+ mn pharma, IT, hospitality and under development.
above 5,001 sqm CERs and 25+mn VERs. financial sectors including GHG • 12 biomass power generation
• Projects across all technologies abatement plans, city lighting and licenses acquired.
including renewable energy (wind, green power sourcing. • 80MW license acquisition in
Certification Level Certification Level Achieved Points hydro, biomass, solar), energy • Worked with over 4 national progress.
efficiency, HFC & N2 O destruction, ministries to conduct surveys for • Projects in India, Malaysia,
The various levels of rating awarded are: Certified 26 - 31 forestation, transportation. renewable energy, forestry and Indonesia, Thailand, Africa.
• Facilitated the first ever credit transportation. • Expertise in implementing,
Silver 32 - 37
•‘Certified’ to recognize best practices period renewal of a CDM project in the • Technical expertise in wind, operating and managing projects.
•‘Silver’ to recognize outstanding performance Gold 38 - 47 world. hydro, biomass, solar, energy
•‘Gold’ to recognize national excellence efficiency & waste projects.
Platinum 48 - 64
•‘Platinum’ to recognize global leadership
Corporate Office : Emergent Ventures India Pvt Ltd
Plot # 19, Sector 33, Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India Ph: + 91 124 4353100
Source of Information : www.igbc.in Email: contact@emergent-ventures.com ; Web: www.emergent-ventures.com
 Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming
Global climate change we are living in midst of constantly changing climatic conditions,
largely a result of human interference,and it allowed to continue can cause irreparable damage to
flora, fauna and human life. The rise in the average temperature near the earth's surface, by the use of
fossil fuels such as coal, industrial and agricultural processes is scientifically termed as global warming.
Warming tends to change climatic patterns across the globe resulting in the notorious problem of global
climate change. Global Climate Change as the term suggests is a global issue and is not restricted to
the activities of particular individual, community, zone, region, state or country.
These mechanisms allow such countries to reduce their emissions by funding/implementing project
activities that reduce the GHG emissions in other countries. The rationale behind having such flexible
mechanisms is that climate change is a global phenomenon and carbon dioxide reduced at one place
will have a net positive impact in GHG reductions across the globe.
Emission Trading is an allowance based transaction system which permits Annex I countries to
purchase carbon credits from other Annex I countries to fulfill their emission reductions commitments.
The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is a resultant of this mechanism and is currently
the world’s largest multi-national GHG trading scheme. Credits under this system are known as
European Union Allowances (EUAs).

The Kyoto Protocol formed under the United Nation Clean Development Mechanism, defined under Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, is a
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
project based transaction system which allows industrialized nations, having a target for reduction of
allows the Annex I countries of the UNFCCC (the
GHG, to accrue carbon credits.
developed countries and countries with economies
in transition) to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) A CDM project should assist Non Annex Party/country (developing nations) in achieving sustainable
emissions by a certain amount. The Protocol was formed development. Projects such as energy efficiency, fuel switch, renewable energy (hydro power, wind
in 1997 and it came into force on 16th Feb 2005. This is a power), methane capture from municipal solid waste, waste to energy, HFC destruction, biomass and
legally binding agreement for 169 industrialized nations cogeneration, which help in reduction of GHG emissions could be potential CDM projects.
to collectively reduce their GHG emissions to about 5 % Carbon credits are acquired by financing the carbon reduction projects in developing nations. The
from 1990 levels. The 1990 emission levels have been credits originating from such projects are termed as Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). For every
taken as baseline. In the 2008-2012 phase of the Kyoto,
tonne of carbon dioxide reduced, one CER is issued which is then traded in the international market
the legally bound countries will achieve their targets.
such as the EU ETS. The CERs can also be sold in the voluntary carbon market. In 2006, the CDM
The six GHG gases identified in the Protocol are CO2,
CH4, HFC, PFC, SF6 and N2O. It is under the Kyoto transacted credits valued at around US $5 billion and represented reductions of 450 Mt CO2e.
regime that the largest GHG market in the world has
evolved.

There are three mechanisms under the Protocol through Joint Implementation allows emitters in the developed (Annex I) countries to purchase
which the Annex I countries can reduce their emissions.
carbon credits from another developed country or an economy in transition that have implemented
These mechanisms form the foundation of the Kyoto
Protocol. They are as follows: carbon reduction projects. This is also a project based transaction and reductions achieved through
such projects are referred to as Emission Reduction Units (ERUs). Some of the countries involved in JI
• Clean Development Mechanism are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Japan, Poland, Romania, Spain, UK, etc. Any
• Joint Implementation project starting after the 1st January 2002 is eligible to be a part of JI.
• Emissions Trading Source : www.emergent-ventures.com

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Bridging the gap between demand and supply of non-renewable and
scarce resources through cost-effective interventions
GREEN with GRIHA
Do you ever fancy travel by a time-machine, back and
forth in time? I do. When I watch epic movies like Troy or
Gladiator, I feel like traveling back in time to see how the
Acropolis was built by the Greeks, the Colosseum by the
Romans etc., and to understand the processes of thought
that lead to events that changed the course of our history.
My curiosity further deepened when I visited the historical
theme park, ‘Puy du Fou’ in the Vendee region of Western
France. Small pockets of the park recreate ancient Europe
from different historical times. Apart from the spectacular
shows featuring the Viking attacks, Gladiatorial combats,
Equestrian feats etc; the architecture and the way of life
from medieval times was quite thought provoking. It is a
model of sustainable living showcasing men and women
gainfully engaged in various vocations; living on agriculture,
livestock and entertaining them with live music.
I wondered why such content people would transform into an industrial society. A possible explanation is
that the conditions of life I witnessed in August were limited to the spring season and the weather during
the rest of the year was quite harsh. Their typical food like cheese, sausages, wine etc., can be stored for
months. It was not difficult to imagine that they had to fight against or control nature for most part of their
lives to better their standards of living.
However the Indian situation is quite different. We experience sunshine all round the year and are endowed
with abundant natural resources. Historically our lifestyle was in harmony with nature. Perhaps we have
been digressing from this approach in recent times. Shortage of energy and water, waste disposal, pollution
of air are the order of the day in most parts of our urban areas. Unless we learn from our mistakes, history
repeats itself. When it comes to designing buildings we have a choice between the [1] new ‘controlling
nature’ paradigm by adding active systems for lighting, space conditioning and vertical transportation or [2]
the time tested ‘harmony with nature’ paradigm by engaging nature through passive design to achieve day
lighting, space comfort and resource conservation. Due to the differences of climate in a country like India
and the variety of uses in buildings, both approaches are relevant. With increasing concern over climate
change, sustainability has become the most important agenda for all types of development. Building design,
construction and operation which addresses sustainability has been labeled green, eco-friendly, sustainable
etc., in different parts of the world.
The Energy and Resources Institute
...towards global sustainable development
SP Infocity, Manesar. 15
GREEN... Architectural Rendering
And its Growth in the
Indian Market
Market driven sustainability initiatives such as green building rating programmes have popularized
green buildings in the west. Enthusiastic corporate houses from India have built green office buildings
that have achieved the highest levels in such rating programmes. This has become a trend and
opened a new market for green building services. TERI has worked on the Energy Simulation of these
pioneering certified green buildings and already had many years of research experience in sustainable
buildings. With a combination of research excellence and experience with international green building
rating approach to market transformation, TERI has come up with a green building rating programme,
TERI-GRIHA, Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment. While the idea of having a rating system
for green buildings is not pioneering, the approach of connecting each green project to the context of site
viz, the local physiographic conditions, agro-climatic conditions, construction materials, construction
practices and optimizing the functionality and performance of the building through a combination
of passive and active systems is unique. TERI-GRIHA is a framework of inter-related environmental
performance criteria that serve both as directions for designing, building and operating a green building
project and standards for measuring the overall green performance of a building project.
TERI has the unique advantage of working closely with the government, industry, donor agencies and
various strata of civil society. TERI-GRIHA was thus conceived with the inputs and feedback from across
these stakeholder groups. The performance standards have invariably been linked to the available
national standards by the BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) or directives and codes from the concerned
ministry. TERI-GRIHA was developed for India with National priorities at the core of each criterion in the
rating system. TERI-GRIHA sought to popularize compliance with the Indian codes for construction. As
a part of Government of India’s commitment to sustainability and mitigation of climate change, it has
come up with the NAPCC (National Action Plan on Climate Change) which organizes the plan of action
into eight missions. These missions offer directives for the concerned ministries for chalking out their
specific action plans. Again TERI played a key role in the development of the ‘Mission on Sustainable
Habitat’ The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has identified the various rating systems
in India and through a competitive process, selected TERI-GRIHA for adoption as the national rating
system after minor changes in the rating system.
The following aspects of the building design are looked into in an integrated way in a green building:
• Site planning
• Building envelope design
• Building system design (HVAC, lighting, electrical, and water heating)
• Integration of renewable energy sources to generate energy onsite
• Water and waste management
• Selection of ecologically sustainable materials
• Indoor environmental quality
GRIHA is suitable for designing all types of new green buildings irrespective of their functionality The secretariat would work closely with the TERI GRIHA with the following changes 17
whether residential, commercial, institutional, hospitality, health care or retail. Around 28 projects from Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), National has become GRIHA, the national green
many of the above categories have registered with TERI for TERI-GRIHA rating. IIT Kanpur, Environmental Advisory Council (NAC), TERI Building Sciences building rating system.
Sciences and Engineering block has been provisionally rated as a 5 star rated building. The others are Group and MNRE in propagating GRIHA amongst
under various stages of progress. New projects will be registered under GRIHA. Projects registered under various stakeholders, updating of GRIHA rating
1. Inclusion of a mandatory criterion
TERI-GRIHA which are under progress have the option to migrate to GRIHA. system, development of GRIHA rating system for
on site selection.
operational buildings and organizing outreach
GRIHA will now be administered by an independent entity to facilitate a truly 3rd party certification and programmes through events. TAC and NAC are
verification of green building projects. GRIHA is being registered as a not-for-profit society. The Ministry of national level bodies constituted by eminent 2. Inclusion of an optional criterion
Renewable Energy has given the seed funding for setting up an independent secretariat. GRIHA secretariat will building professionals, industry representatives, on universal accessibility of common
be located in the TERI University, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi. The secretariat will be the public face for GRIHA policy makers and domain experts. GRIHA seeks to spaces (barrier free design to enable
rating. An online platform will be available soon on the GRIHA website for all projects to submit their project engage stakeholders at all levels in promoting green access for the differently-abled)
documents online for certification review. GRIHA secretariat would coordinate from end-to-end for project buildings. A suitable membership mechanism for
certification through the registration of project, orientation cum training workshop, document review, site formal engagement in promoting GRIHA will be
visits and final award of rating. GRIHA has already announced a training programme for experienced green worked out. After having a critical mass of green 3. Modification of the optional
building professionals who intend to be evaluators of GRIHA project certification documents. These evaluators building professionals engaged in GRIHA projects, renewable energy criterion and
would be bound by a non-disclosure agreement in relation to the review work that they will be doing for professional accreditation shall also be introduced making a minimum renewable energy
GRIHA as third-party evaluators. The final award of rating for each GRIHA certified building would be subject to benchmark the service delivery for GRIHA con- production mandatory for all GRIHA
to the approval of the National Advisory Council. sulting assignments. projects.

Commonwealth Games Village: GRIHA principles when applied to large projects can significantly
reduce their environmental impacts and ensure long term viability of such developments. GRIHA rating not
only helps create good Indoor Environmental Quality for future occupants but also mandates safe and decent
working conditions for the construction workers. This project which is on its way to get GRIHA certification
has received special appreciation from the Ministry of Labour, Government of India for creating conducive
working environment for the construction workers like on-site accommodation including sanitary toilets, safe
drinking water and protective equipment for work.

IIT Kanpur: GRIHA rating system can be applied to stand alone buildings coming up in infill plots in a developed
area or a campus. The Environmental Sciences and Engineering block in IIT Kanpur is an excellent example where
GRIHA rating process has helped to bring down the energy consumption by 60% vis-a-vis a similar building with
Commonwealth games village, Delhi. conventional specifications. The project also preserved all the existing trees by designing the spaces around them and
Architectural Rendering integrating those spaces as internal courtyards thus adding to the solar passive feature set of the building.
Why Carbon Minus? INCENTIVES : 19

The MNRE has announced the following incentives to

Neutral is just OK, but not enough, says the Indian school of thoughts. Dr Srikanta K.Panigrahi
promote green building projects under GRIHA:
Eastern faith and believe differs here with west. Our excessive wasteful Director General,
energy use and over consumption had brought rise to an alarming Carbon Minus India (CMI), Building Owners
situation now. There is only one earth handed to us by our forefathers New Delhi. Reimbursement of 90% of the registration-cum-rating
fee for projects upto 5000 sq. m. built-up area with
and we have the moral responsibility of transferring it safely to our
minimum 3 star rating & for projects > 5000 sq.m.
children. The Survival Strategy is clear – we need to adapt not only
built-up area with minimum 4 star rating.
aggressive policies, but also actions in our own house.
Architects / design consultants
Climate Change is occurring faster and faster; being detrimental to global development efforts
Rs.2.5 lakhs for projects upto 5000 sq. m. built-up area
and a substantial threat to sustainability of mother earth. Climate Change risks food-security, with minimum 3 star rating & Rs. 5 lakhs for projects
health, water resources and will further affect all parts of human life. Countries like India with > 5000 sq.m. builtup area with minimum 4 star rating.
the dream of reaching double digit growth and ensuring poverty reduction are facing the peak
of it’s development challenges right now. Temperatures in India are projected to increase up to Municipal Corporations/ Urban Local Bodies Distribution of GRIHA points
Rs. 50 lakhs to Municipal Corporations & Rs. 25 lakhs across technical areas
50 0C by 2060, resulting in huge yield losses. An increased occurrence of extreme events such
to other Urban Local Bodies that announce rebate in
as droughts, floods and cyclones have started to affect the poorest segment of the society. In the
property tax for Green Buildings & make it mandatory
longer-term, a one-meter sea level rise would displace millions of people in India, and the costs to get the new buildings under Govt. & Public Sector TERI Retreat, Gurgaon.
to build walls along the zones, vulnerable to sea level rise are deemed to be extraordinary high. rated under GRIHA.
Carbon Minus India (CMI) strongly believes that India must join the global efforts to mitigate,
adapt and moderate climate change today, which in fact, is one of the prime national challenge Annual Awards
Annual Awards to 5 star rated buildings under GRIHA.
for India, along with rest of the world.
Promotional Activities
At the macro scale, India is a low-intensity producer of CO2 emissions, in comparison with rest
Upto Rs. 2.00 lakh for each activity to specialized
of the world. Its’ per capita CO2e emissions are among the lowest in the world with around 1
Institutions for organizing workshops/ seminars/
metric ton (MT) per person compared with 4 for the world average and 20 for the United States. training / publications/ awareness campaigns etc.,
India also performs very well, when compared to other economies on the basis of CO2 intensity Separate support available for solar water heating
on per capita GDP i.e. tons of CO2 emissions per unit of GDP. & photovoltaic systems in Green Buildings. Details
available at MNRE website: www.mnre.gov.in
Carbon Minus India (CMI), is a
not-for-profit, public Trust, registered Currently, 28 projects are being evaluated by GRIHA
under Indian Trust Act, 1882; as and one building has been rated so far. These are the Fortis Hospital, New Delhi.
an Indian Institute of Sustainable sample projects, representative of the type of buildings
Development (IISD) initiative; established being evaluated by GRIHA - Institutional, Commercial
at the Capital City of India, New Delhi,
and Residential.
to act with courage and confidence for
drastic curtailment of Green House Credits to Mr.Siva Kishan,
Gases (GHGs), in the larger interest of Chief Executive Officer, GRIHA Secretariat, New Delhi.
man-kind for the survival of the earth For guidance on building green write to :
siva.kishan@teri.res.in
from Global Warming and other adverse
impact of Climate Change.
Please visit http://www.teriin.org/griha/
Activities of Carbon Minus India:
Source: International Energy Agency (IEA). 2004. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2004
• Climate Friendly Life-Style Campaigns SP Infocity Manesar.
edition), IEA, Paris.
• GHGs Reduction Awareness Programes Architectural Rendering
• Carbon Investment Opportunity
Information Carbon Minus India
• Climate Friendly Product Certification D-77, Vikas Lane, Shakarpur,

System New Delhi-110092.

carbonminusindia@gmail.com, Doon School, DehraDun.
• Research and Consultancy
www.carbonminus.org
 Energy Simulation & Computer Energy Modeling:
How do you choose the correct Energy Efficiency Measures for your project? Energy Modeling can give
21

Energy Efficiency in Buildings you all the answers you need. The energy loads can be simulated, energy efficiency strategies can be
modeled and the savings & payback calculated. There are a handful of Energy-Simulation software’s for
buildings like eQuest, EnergyPlus, Design Builder and VisDOE. For the following introduction to energy
To evaluate or predict how much energy a building uses, can be a complicated process. There are some
modeling eQuest software has been chosen.
thumb rules and experts can give a good idea of the approximate consumption of a standard building, but
these calculations do not work well if you want to design a green and energy saving building. Computer
Simulations are necessary to get an objective and precise idea of the buildings energy requirements and Step 1: Build an Energy Model
also to understand the most cost effective energy conservation measures for the particular project. The first step for simulating the buildings energy consumption is to build a model in eQuest. To save time
and effort the model should be simplified as much as possible but it must be accurate enough to reflect
the building design and energy consumption. Before starting with the program following information
Where is the energy consumed? must be collected:
- Design Basis Report (contains important data
Do you know how much energy your building like HVAC design, lighting, process loads,
consumes? To establish energy efficiency measures temperatures, heat recovery, occupancy,
and save initial & operational cost, it is critical to equipment density)
know what appliances and systems are using the - Digital drawings (orientation, elevations, floor
energy. The illustration shows how the total energy layouts, zoning)
consumption is consumed in a typical office building. - Construction materials
- Rating system and requirements
How do we start saving energy? - Applicable standards for simulation
(ASHRAE 90.1, ECBC 2007)
The process of energy conservation is to firstly reduce the loads, and then start making the systems more - Weather files for the proposed location
efficient. The chart alongside shows the largest consumers and this is the right place to start: Cooling/ Simplified CAD drawings can be loaded in eQuest and used as background for drawing zones and construction
Heating, Lighting and Miscellaneous Equipment (Process Loads, Equipment Loads from Plug Points, lines. Every single floor must be drawn except typical floors where multipliers can be applied. To calculate a
Computers and Appliances). buildings energy consumption accurately and for meeting the requirements of LEED or IGBC a lot of detail
inputs must be fed into the software. Specifying conditioned and unconditioned zones, occupancy, lighting
Heating & Cooling loads affect their whole HVAC system. If cooling loads increase the energy requirements
power density, equipment power density and fresh air requirements of every zone is vital. The HVAC System
are higher along with more electricity consumption for Ventilation Fans, Pumps and Heat Rejection. Cooling
can be chosen out of several options and detail inputs for pumps, chillers, fans and cooling towers need to
loads can be reduced by improving the envelope system (Insulation of exterior Walls, high performance
be filled. It is also required to create and assign schedules for the occupancy, equipment and cooling period
glass, shading, green roof) and reducing the internal loads (efficient lighting system, efficient appliances).
as well as constructions for walls and windows. After the building parameters are entered, the simulation
To choose the right cooling system for your building is vital for efficient energy use. A centralized system report can be created which will give information about the annual energy consumption in Kilowatt hours
with water cooled chillers is efficient and efforts should be made to avoid using single split units which divided into HVAC consumption (Cooling, Heating, Fans, Pumps, Heat Rejection), Miscellaneous Equipment
consume much more energy. (Equipment, Process Load), Exterior Usage and Lighting.
Natural Light is the cheapest
Insulated High Energy-
form of lighting for a building, not Efficient
LIGHTING WALLS + Performance Saving
mentioning the many benefits ROOF GLASS Equipment
it has on occupant’s health and
productivity. When artificial light is
installed, ensure energy efficient Reduced
fixtures but maintain the minimum LOADS
amount of light required for the
activity of the space. Occupancy
sensors and daylight sensors are Smaller
HVAC-System
efficient lighting control measures
to ensure the artificial lights
are turned off when there is no
High-efficient
occupancy or enough daylight. HVAC-System

Miscellaneous equipment can

be reduced by using energy
efficient appliances. Reduced Energy Consumption & Reduced Energy Cost
 Longitude diff. = 0.00
Model Bearing = 180.00
Sun: azi = 181.87 alt = 40.71
Eye: azi = 120.00 alt = 30.00

Step 2: eQuest Simulation & 1 5 Se p 12 : 0 0

N
IES Significantly Enhances
IES Significantly itsits
Enhances VE-Toolkits
VE-Toolkits with
with
Output Results: NewNew LEED andand
LEED Sustainability
SustainabilityAnalysis
Analysis
eQuest gives the user opportunity to see a Provides Architects and Building Designers with immediate feedback
detailed output file, where information of on early stage designs
systems, constructions, load hours, heat
gains and more can be gathered. With Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES), a world leading provider of integrated
this file, the tonnage of the system, wall performance analysis software and consulting services for sustainable building
window ratio, solar gains, load hours and design, announced the addition of climate exploration, water reviews, low zero
room temperatures can be checked and carbon technology consideration, and analysis for certain LEED credits to its
compared. Now the proposed case is finished, VE-Toolkits. Enabling architects and master planners to choose from sets of typical
but to apply for a Green-rating system a
properties, the updated VE-Toolkits also provides users with more detailed, highly
base case still needs to be built. A base
visual and rich-text reporting. With these new features, IES offers rapid feedback
case should reflect an average building and
is simulated with the requirements given on LEED and Sustainability analysis to improve architects overall productivity from
in ASHRAE 90.1 or ECBC Code 2007. The the earliest stage of the design process.
geometry in base-case remains the same The three-tab combination consists of Overview, Sustainability and LEED
as for the proposed design only equipment sections.  The user can utilise these tabs to analyse design ideas in many ways,
efficiencies, conductivity of building while assessing the overall feasibility and impact of sustainable strategies at the
materials, HVAC-System, wall window ratio, earliest stages – ultimately allowing the user to make informed design decisions
lighting power density and a few more using performance data.  The VE-Toolkits are accessed via Revit® and SketchUp™
specifications have to be adjusted based on
plug-ins, as well as through IES’ gbXML import for ArchiCAD® users.  The Overview
the energy code. The simulation program
and Sustainability tab are part of the Sustainability VE-Toolkit, while the LEED tab
performs the simulation for every hour of
the year, using weather data of the location makes up the VE-Toolkit for LEED®.
/city where the site exists, and hence the The VE-Toolkit provides an indicator of whether or not the credit can be achieved. 
results are comprehensive. Users can review daylighting, comfort, water, and renewables.
The real benefit of computer simulation is Additional energy analysis module allows for direct assessment of energy
not only to predict the annual energy use efficiency with development of ASHRAE base case and comparison of the same
of the building, but to provide the team for credits and % benefit.
with an understanding of the buildings
energy performance. This will enable
the team to select, simulate, validate Software Dialog Sample Report
and finally incorporate energy efficiency
strategies into the building.

Area Lighting Water Heating

Task Lighting Ht Pump Supp
Misc. Equipment Space Heating
Exterior Usage Refrigeration
Pumps & Aux Heat Rejection
Ventilation Fans Space Cooling

23%

19%

42%

11%
5% For more information please contact:
Electricity M/S. SimCosm India Pvt. Ltd. 505, Elite Galaxy, Ramnagar, Pashan Road, Pune – 411 021.
Email: sales@simcosm.com Phone No. : 020 22953752
Energy Efficiency Measures and Validation through Strategy 1:
Working with the Sun, Orientation & Shading:
25

Computer Simulation India is a country with abundant sunshine. The key to any efficient
building is to work with the sun and factors like orientation and
shading are critical. Orient the building such that the long axis is
Energy Simulation is a very helpful tool to decide on different Energy Efficiency Measures, and see the north-south to prevent exposure to the heat of the sun. Shading of
impact on the total energy consumption. The range of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) varies from simple the building is a zero cost strategy and can be incorporated in the
measures like building overhangs and adding insulation to more complicated systems like implementing a design. Shading devices like overhangs, fins, jalli screens have long
BMS (Building Management System) and dynamic envelope system. been used in our traditional architecture, with a good understanding
of the sun.
In this article, we have focused on a few Energy Efficiency Measures, which range from simple, zero initial
cost strategies, as well as measures which come at a higher initial cost but have very good payback periods.
Results:
Savings with proper orientation: 2.1%
We have created a hypothetical building and simulate a “Basecase” which represents a typical office building,
Savings with shading measures: 3.4%
in terms of design, envelope, systems and appliances/ fixtures. Each strategy is simulated individually and
Cost: Zero to Minimal Cost
the percent of savings are shown to validate the benefits of the measure. A final “optimized case” shows the
combined effect of implementing all suggested EEM’s and the resulting total savings.
Strategy 2:
The Basecase: Reduce Wall Window Ratio:
• Office Building in New Delhi
The amount and type of glazing in a building is critical to the
• 10 Floors above grade
energy performance. The balance of bringing in enough daylight
• 60% Wall Window Ratio on all
and preventing the ingress of heat requires simulation. To
orientations
optimize the area of glass on the building presents a great
• 250,000 sqft total floor area
method to save energy and money. As glass is approximately
• 9 inch Wall with mortar finish
four times more expensive than wall for the same area, initial
• RCC Roof without insulation
costs of the construction can be reduced drastically. Considering
• Working hours: 8am to 5pm
the energy aspects, fenestration should be between 20-40% wall
• Conditioned Area: 80%
window ratio (depending on geometry and glass type) to achieve
• Equipment Load: 1 W/sqft
optimum results. Our climate does not require huge expanses of
• Lighting Power Density: 1 W/sqft
glass which bring in heat and glare.
• Glass properties:
U-Value 5.7 W/Sq m K
Results:
The Results: Saving by reducing the Window Wall Ratio (WWR) from
60% to 40% is 2.6%
Total Energy Consumption Area Lighting Water Heating Cost: Reduction in Initial Cost
= 2979.8 kWh X 1000 Task Lighting Ht Pump Supp
Misc. Equipment Space Heating
Energy Consumption per square foot Exterior Usage Refrigeration
= 11.9 kWh/year Pumps & Aux Heat Rejection Strategy 3:
Total HVAC Load : 625 TR Ventilation Fans Space Cooling Can a light color building save?
HVAC Load (sf per TR) = 400 23%
Yes. Materials with high reflectivity and lighted colors reflect
heat. Simple use of these materials for walls, roofs, paving
and other components can greatly reduce building’s heat gain.
Strategies like roof coatings, china mosaic tiles on roofs, light
28%
28% color painted walls or stone surfaces are good examples of this
zero cost strategy.

Results:
2%
6% Savings by changing from dark to light color: 0.9%
11%
Cost: Zero Additional Cost
Electricity
 2 Heat Mirror Films
Strategy 4:
3 krypton filled
Glass glass everywhere, but no daylight or views? airspaces
warm edge
insulated
This is a common problem seen in so many glass box buildings spacer bar
today. Too much glass (and incorrect specifications) results in too gas
retention
much heat gain and glare, which results in blinds being closed, and tape
the whole purpose of the use of glass is lost. Computer simulation
can help in selecting the “Correct Glass” for the project. Glass has
3 critical properties, namely the amount of natural light (Visible
Light Transmittance), heat conductance (U Value) and shading
(Shading Coefficient) and hence using computer simulation, the
team achieves the balance of heat versus light.
Results:
Improved Glass: Changing the Glass properties from U-Value 5.7
W/m2 K and SC 0.25 to U-Value 1.8 W/m2 K and SC 0.20 brings
3.5% total energy savings. Cost: Increase in initial cost of Glass.
Reduction in capacity of HVAC equipment.
Strategy 5:
Low conductivity materials & insulation:
Insulation is another great way to reduce heat ingress through walls
and roofs. Exterior Walls can be made out of concrete, brick, AAC-Blocks
and other materials. Choosing a material with good thermal insulating
properties does not necessary mean that the construction is more
expensive. In fact if we choose materials like AAC Blocks, not only does
it provide better thermal properties, but it is also lighter in weight and
Strategy 7: 27
Improved HVAC system:
The performance of the HVAC System has a big impact on the
energy consumption. Their strategy in our case is to increasing
the COP of the centrifugal chillers from 5.0 to 5.5, installing
variable speed drives, reducing the pressure losses of the
air-supply system and replacing standard pumps and motors with
higher efficient ones. These parameters not only help to reduce
the loads, but will indirectly offset the costs as power back up DG
sets and transformer capacity would be reduced proportionately.
Results:
Improved HVAC system will have a savings effect of 12.5% on the
total energy consumption.
Strategy 8:
On demand HVAC system:
Demand Control Ventilation works by sensing the
CO2 level in the exhaust air and adjusting the fresh
air requirements. The principle is that if a room is
not occupied, then CO2 levels are low, and fresh
air being pumped in is reduced. When occupied,
the system will ensure that the CO2 levels do not
exceed the permissible limits.

Results:
Results: Demand Control Ventilation will save 1.3 % of the
This result of 2.7% savings was achieved by adding 2 inch polyurethane energy used per year.
insulation on exterior walls and roof, whereby increasing insulation and
reducing heat transfer. Strategy 9:
Heat Recovery Wheels:
Hot ambient air
When conditioned air is exhausted from a space,
Strategy 6: fresh air at outside temperature needs to be
Maximizing daylight and reducing artificial light: cooled / heated before supply to maintain thermal
comfort in the space. The heat recovery wheel
A building can maximize their use of daylight by turning off helps to transfer some of the energy, to pre heat /
the artificial lights when lux levels are sufficient. Daylight cool the fresh air before reaching the HVAC system.
sensors installed along the perimeter of the building achieve Hence a heat recovery wheel could transfer heat
this saving. to reduce the temperature of ambient outdoor air
High efficiency artificial lights can also be installed to reduce by 6 – 8 degrees and can save on energy loads of
the electricity load due to lighting of the building. T5 and LEDs the HVAC system.
are good examples of this saving strategy.

Results: Result:
Daylighting sensors are able to save 6% of the total energy Installing a heat recovery wheel in this project will
consumption. Reducing the lighting power density by 20% will Cold outlet air save 1.5 % on energy cost.
earn additional 6% energy savings.
 Optimized Case: 29
There are reasons why our brand is green... To implement all mentioned Energy Efficiency Measures can reduce the total energy consumption by 36%. It
must be considered that the single EEMs show higher savings in percent as they were simulated individually
based on the basic design. The graphs show that the miscellaneous equipment is always kept at the same
load and at the end this part takes up a huge percentage of the total energy consumption. Additional energy
efficient appliances would be able to save more energy, what is not modelled here.

HVAC Insulation, Green Buildings & LEED: What
Is the Connection?
Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design,
better known as LEED, is generating more
interest then ever among HVAC engineers. In
practice recent studies confirm that if buildings
are designed with GREEN objective in mind, they
will not only earn good LEED ratings but will also
save energy costs in long run with out incurring
much incremental cost. Insulation plays key role
in Green Buildings and its scope in grand scheme
These strategies to save energy will bring different results for every project, as they depend on various
parameters like orientation, geometry, occupancy, internal loads and HVAC system. To start the energy
simulation process early in the design of the building can assist in making decisions towards a greener
building at a minimal increase in initial capital cost.
What is GREEN about Class O Armaflex Plus &
Class O Armaflex Closed Cell Insulation & With the rising energy costs, not only does this mean greater savings, but also faster paybacks
ArmaSound Super Silence Ductliner?
and adds validity to the statement - “ Going Green Makes Sense” where inspired to
While LEED may include many credits that are be green energy experts prepared this showcase for you. Please contact them by e-mail at
specific to mechanical insulation, its overall inspired.to.be.green@gmail.com for more information on that topic.
concern with indoor air quality, emissions,
pollutants, particulates, etc. is pervasive. From Area Lighting Water Heating
this perspective, Armaflex is, indeed, a very Task Lighting Ht Pump Supp Total Energyconsumption
Misc. Equipment Space Heating
“green product”. Consider the following
-36%
Refrigeration 3500 kWh*1000
Exterior Usage
important points about Armacell products; Pumps & Aux Heat Rejection
3000 kWh*1000
Ventilation Fans Space Cooling

of LEED is identified and may get more Water Vapour Resistance: 2500 kWh*1000
recognition in coming days. Armaflex's closed cell structure inherently 23%

prevents water vapour absorption; eliminating 2000 kWh*1000

How Insulation Selection Impacts LEED one main ingredient required for fungal growth, 1500 kWh*1000
Certification? as well gives long term insulation efficiency.
1000 kWh*1000
Insulation can contribute to LEED within the 3 19%
categories of Energy & Atmosphere, Materials & MICROBAN antimicrobial product protection:
®
500 kWh*1000
Resources, and Indoor Environment Quality, but Built into Class O Armaflex Plus. Microban
certain specific guidelines apply. antimicrobial protection is another layer of 42% 0 kWh*1000
defence against the spread of mould & mildew. 11%
Basecase optimized Case

1. Energy & Atmosphere (EA) 5% Misc. Equipment Space Cooling Heat Rejection Space Heating
Non-particulating and Fiber-free: Ventilation Fans Pumps & Aux. Lighting
2. Materials and Resources (MR) This prevents it from becoming an irritant to Electricity
3. Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) building occupants. So there is less concern about
material in ductwork breaking down and being
Role of Insulation in LEED could increase released into the air stream.

Existing LEED programmes continue to evolve, so Formaldehyde Free, Low VOCs, and negligible
guidelines will continue to change based upon off-gassing makes Armaflex a healthy choice for
input from committees and Architects / HVAC facilities concerned with indoor pollutants.
fraternity. In coming days there should be greater
emphasis on indoor environmental issues,
including acoustics, mould and low-emitting
materials. All of these have the potential to
expand the importance of insulation selection
within LEED projects, as we don't want LEED
rated Green buildings to become just another
building.

Green roofs play a most important role in thermal protection of roofs. Roof gardens not only give the building
a green look, they actually make the building more energy efficient.
ELT India Enterprise has brought the latest green roof technology from Canada, which enables green roofing of
any existing and new building. For an existing roof a solution can be provided whether it is sloping or flat, has
services running, a sky light or other constructions which cannot be removed. The company dedicates hard work
towards the mission of facilitating the integration of environmental technologies such as green roofs and living walls
into our dwellings and work places.
The lightweight and low maintenance systems can weigh as little as 8 kg/sq.ft when fully saturated, what makes
it perfect for retrofits. Designed with sustainability in mind, each component is either recycled or recyclable to
conserve our precious natural resources. ELT Easy Green™ is the one product which combines all standard green
roof layers in one!
The ELT system can be installed Panels are modular with overlap strips
over any membrane type. However, around two sides. They can be stacked up
single-ply membranes like (EPDM and for shipping and trimmed to fit on site. All of
TPO) often do not require an additional these features translate into faster installation
root barrier saving on material costs. times and reduced project costs.
The plastic carrier has integrated water The recycled HDPE plastic carrier acts as:
reservoirs and drainage. The water is • Water reservoir
stored until saturation in the reservoirs • Drainage layer
and then drains down through the • Protection from excessive drying of roots
drainage holes and flows to the nearest from airspace below
drain through the void space below the • Cups greatly improve product
system. handling and making it easy to install
The vegetation area has a bio-blanket at the
base which is fixed on the drainage board. This
Bio-blanket is made from recycled polyethylene
and renewable hemp fibers and performs the
role of a water retention, rainwater filter and
anchor for the roots. It helps to distribute the
water evenly across the vegetation area and
makes water management most efficient.
Local Growing Mediums – ELT uses only local
growing medium sources to keep within LEED
guidelines (500 miles to site).
All images with courtesy of ELT Green roof system.
33
The pre-growing process begins with green roof
panels being laid out at their grow facility. By
pre-growing the panels, the benefits are seen
immediately after installation. The established
plants resist weed pressure and reduce irrigation
requirements resulting in maintenance savings.
When fully established, the plants anchor into the
bio-blanket provides a great erosion control.
An irrigation system is installed to help the plants
while they adjust to their new environment during
the first season. If designed in advance, after the
first year the irrigation can remain in place as an
inexpensive method of dealing with dry periods,
but may not be needed for regular irrigation.
3rd Party Testing: ELT Easy Green™ green roof systems being tested at the Centre for the Advancement of Green
Roof Technology (BCIT). We have 2 Research Evaluation Modules that can be viewed by the public as well as many
other case studies around the world.
ELT is a proud member of the Canadian Green Building Council and
with our innovative roof system we help to achieve several LEED
credits. The system can contribute to the following, depending on
the individual project and design of green roof:
1 point Reduced site Disturbance, Protect or Restore Open Space
2 points Stormwater Management, Rate, Quantity and Treatment
1 point Landscape and Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands
2 points Water Efficient Landscaping
1 point Innovative Wastewater Technologies
2 points Optimized Energy Performance
2 points Recycled Content
2 points Local/Regional Materials
1-4 points Innovation in Design
To implement a green roof in the design of a building, helps to save cooling energy because the green roof acts
as an insulation layer which does not allow heat to be conducted to the space. This green area can also serve
as a recreational space for occupants and it brings back our mother nature into urban lifestyle.
ELT India is the single source for all your green
roofing needs of design, manufacturing components,
growing, installation and maintenance. For more information
and product specifications please get in contact with the
Green Roof and Green Wall experts in India:
Mr Pradeep Barpande – ELT India Enterprise
Phone: 09923020000 , 09764020000
Email: info.eltindia@gmail.com
Shop # 9, Nandini Gardens, Sunflower Bldg, Baner, PUNE.

Significance of LED Lighting
The LED lighting system, a series of miniature lighting extends itself for both functional and aesthetic purposes.
This innovative lighting system is now available in India, it finds application where traditional lighting fixtures have
limitations and design solutions are required.
LEDs are the most environmentally responsible and sustainable lighting technology available. Due to their long life and
high reliability, LED light sources require less frequent recycling than traditional incandescent or halogen technology,
making them the most energy-efficient and cost-effective lighting option over system life. It comes in white, blue and
amber light colors that can be set in brushed metal or brass. LEDs don’t contain mercury or other hazardous materials
like compact fluorescent bulbs, which enables safe handling and disposal. Eyeleds® is a new use of lighting as a
decorative feature.
Energy Consumption & Maintenance Costs 35
Eyeleds® have a power rating of just 0.3 watts. The Eyeleds® light output of 6 lumen is ideal for decorative lighting
and orientation lighting. On average the LED will shine for 100,000 hours! In the case of LED lighting the light source
does not fail from one moment to the next: the intensity of the light gradually diminishes. Yet various tests have shown
that even after 3 years there is no visible difference between a used light and an unused light.
Product Range
Eyeleds® are available in different shapes, sizes and colors. This innovative lighting technology is also available
as Disc eye, Space eye and Beam eye. The Disc eye and Space eye are exceptional thin lighting fixtures with a total
thickness of 10mm what makes them easy to install. With the 6 Watt model it is possible to replace a 20 Watt halogen
light. The Beam eye is the perfect fixture to be used as a spotlight, as it produces much less heat then halogen spots.

Eyeleds®

Eyeleds® is a new use of lighting as a decorative feature that helps to create atmosphere while also serving as safety
or orientation lighting in floors. Eyeleds International is focused on providing LED lighting systems for professional
indoor and outdoor flooring market. Eyeleds offers revolutionary, creative and high quality LED lighting options for
a wide variety of interior and exterior applications. The innovative Eyeleds LED lighting concept was developed in
conjunction with leading partners from interior design and lighting industry, taking advantage of their application
expertise. Eyeleds® Round Eyeleds® Guide Eyeleds® Square Eyeleds® Disc eye Eyeleds® Beam eye

Quality & Durability

The 6.5 mm super flat fixtures can be build-in in a professional and norm conform way in every
surface; e.g. floors (laminate, wood, carpet, stone carpets, adhesive floors, nature stone, cork,
rubber etc.), but also in walls, stairs, ceilings, furniture, veranda, for interior as well as for Eyeleds® Power eye Eyeleds® Color eye CS Eyeleds® Outdoor Pro Eyeleds® Space eye Eyeleds® Minibeam eye
exterior applications. As the fixtures have a minimum recess depth and do not produce heat
(max 32°C.), Eyeleds is extremely suitable for applications in all materials with a thickness Possibilities for the future...
of 7mm. Eyeleds® is tested according to the norms. Even in build-in applications the fixtures
can deal easily with a point-pressure of 2850 N or 285 kg. So no problem to drive e.g. with a Eyeleds® anticipates to bring out LED lighting in new shapes, sizes and colors. In the foreseeable future the
car over this fixture. range shall be expanded with the addition of products based on ‘power LED’ technology. The very high light
output of ‘power LED’ is leading developers to explore the possibilities of ‘functional’ LED lighting and LED
This worldwide patented, IP67 water and dust proof system, contents of very high quality room lighting that will make it possible to take advantage of the low energy consumption and very long life
LEDs based on SMD technology. By the use of high quality components the fixtures reach span of LED!
a lifetime of 100.000 hours MTBF and the Eyeleds® just consume 0,3W. They are very
economical in use. Because of the Eyeleds®- fixtures are functioning in a very safe way and in
Distributor for India and Sri Lanka :
an environmental responsible way they could be switched on continuously. Information and Image courtsey : COSMO/Eyeleds India
Eyeleds® ‘Cosmo Square’ #6, Ranjith Road, Kotturpuram,
Brand of Lighting Science Group Corp. Chennai -85, India. Phone : +91-044-2447 0649, 2447 2558,
ww.eyeleds.com www.cosmofloor.com / info_in@eyeleds.com
l e e d Examples for M R Credit 5.1 & 5.2:

Building Materials: Calculate the cost of material qualified for the credits as 100% of the value of the
37

decoded Material Resource Credit 5: Local & Regional Materials

Intent
Increase demand for building materials and products that are
extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting
the regional economy and reducing the environmental impacts
resulting from transportation.
product applies. If stone is sourced at Kota and treated at Jaipur and the site is Jodhpur, we can achieve 5.1
and 5.2. If it was sourced in Hyderabad and treated at Jaipur and site is Jodhpur, then we can apply for 5.1
but not 5.2 (Hyderabad does not fall in the required radius).
In another case, if the lumber was sourced from Mysore (not in 800 km radius) and constitutes 65% of the
product by weight, we could use 100% of the product value for MR Credit 5.1 (manufactured regionally) but
in Credit 5.2, only 35% of the value can be considered and the 65% (lumber from Mysore) is outside the
radius and would be excluded.

Credits
M R Credit 5.1 (1 point): Use a minimum of 20% of building materials
(by cost) and products that are manufactured regionally within
a radius of 800 Km.

M R Credit 5.2 (1 additional point): Of the regionally manufactured

materials documented for MR Credit 5.1, use a minimum of 50%
(by cost) of building materials and products that are extracted,
harvested or recovered (as well as manufactured) within 800 km of
the project site.

Potential Technologies & Strategies

Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify
materials and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During
construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed
and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed.
Consider a range of environmental, economic and performance
attributes when selecting products and materials.

Definition: Manufacturing refers to the final assembly of

components into the building product that is furnished and installed Building Products: If the hardware comes from Indore, the lumber from Nagpur and the joist is assembled
by the tradesmen. in Kanpur, then the location of the final assembly is Kanpur. The site is shown to be New Delhi. In this case,
we can take 100% of the value of the material / product for MR Credit 5.1 and 5.2, as the extraction and
manufacture are within the 800 km radius.

Percent of Total Cost of Local Materials [rs]

Local Materials [%] =
Total Material Cost [rs]

Exemplary Performance:

Points to Note:
Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing Components shall not be included in this calculation.
Only permanently installed materials can be considered.
All items taken must be consistent with MR credits 3 - 7, including furniture.
A project would qualify for Exemplary performance under 5.1 Credit for Manufactured
regionally, if the value of building materials meeting the requirements is 40% of building
material cost.
A project would qualify for Exemplary performance under 5.2 Credit for Extracted regionally,
if the value of building materials meeting the requirements is 20% of building material cost.

BUILD WITH HEMP… and SAVE ENERGY
We all wish that we could use materials which can be environmentally friendly
produced, without using to much energy and creating green house gases. This
innovative material helps to store CO2 emissions, saves energy over the buildings
lifetime and comes with all the features of a strong building material.
Hemcrete® is an established walling
material for carbon negative highly
thermally efficient walls. While hemp is
growing it is absorbing CO2 from the air
and produces oxygen after cutting and
manufacturing the Hemp to wall blocks
the CO2 is still stored in the material
what results in a negative CO2 balance
of the material. This building material
offers all the advantages of a strong
and long lasting construction material
and comes with all the green features
you could possibly expect from building
material:
• high insulating properties
• vapour permeable
• air tight
• lightweight
• from renewable materials
It can be used for all kinds of building applications from roof insulation to wall construction to flooring.
It is seven times stronger than concrete, weighs half as much, is waterproof, fireproof and at the end
of its lifecycle it is completely recyclable.
In the U.K this amazing green material is used for years. To grow hemp is illegal in some countries but
in England a lot of farmers earn their money with growing hemp as a raw material for that amazing
building material. The hemp plant is growing without use of fertilizer and with little water needs.
The U values for walls depend on the
Hemcrete® wall thickness for example
for standard mix:
a 200 mm wall has a U value of
0.3 W/m2 K
a 300 mm wall has a U value of
0.2 W/m2 K
a 400 mm wall has a U value of
0.15 W/m2 K
Characteristics:
• Concrete dosed at 220 kg/m3
• Density 330 kg/m3
• Thermal conductivity λ = 0,09 W/m.k
• Compressive Strength at
90 days 0.9 Mpa
39
Showcase:
LIME AND HEMP HELP WAREHOUSE TO SAVE OVER
750 TONNES OF CO2.
A distribution centre for Adnams brewery in
Southwold, Suffolk can probably lay claim to being
Britain’s greenest warehouse. By using Tradical®
Hemcrete®, over 150 tonnes of CO2 have been
locked up in the logistics centre’s walls. In addition,
creating walls within a conventional building of the
same size would have generated up to 600 tonnes of
CO2 emissions. By using Tradical® Hemcrete®, the
Adnams distribution centre has therefore made a
potential saving of up to 750 tonnes of CO2.
The commitment of Lime Technology is to work
with a variety of specifiers, contractors, developers
and research bodies across all market sectors. It
is the aim to create buildings that have both a low
embodied CO2 footprint as well as being low energy
in use. They are working on the forefront of creating a
new wave of low carbon products to build tomorrows
buildings today.
More information on that amazing material and the
green minded company can be gathered under:
www.limetechnology.co.uk
Chilled Beams Active chilled beams are developed on the basis of passive
chilled beams with the target of a higher capacity and a
controlled fresh air supply. The primary air from the air
Advantages of Chilled Beams

• Very low noise levels.

41

A new cooling system finds the way to green buildings handling system is introduced to the active chilled beam
through high velocity nozzles, and this starts of a chain
A lot of inventions were made to cool buildings down to comfortable reaction: The supplied warm air cools down on the beam,
air temperatures, always with the goal of increasing the efficiency and gets heavier (as the density of air increases with falling
adapting to different situations. Chilled beams can definitely help to temperature) and sinks down to the floor. Indoor air heated
make the process of cooling more efficient and reach the target of an up by all internal loads flows up to the chilled beam (as
energy conserving building. hot air rises) and is getting cooled again by the cold water
circulated pipes. Due to forced convection, active chilled
beams achieve cooling densities about twice of those of
passive chilled beams.
• Reduced cost of air ducts and supply fans.
• Less ductwork.
• Supply water temperature can be significantly
higher.
• System does not take up much space and can
even fit in to ceilings.
• No moving parts = less maintenance.
• Saving energy of delivering sensible cooling to
the space.

Advantages of chilled beams are the reduced material and

installation costs and the increased energy efficiency of the
HVAC system. High comfort through excellent air movement
and uniform air temperatures throughout the room along
with very low noise levels can be a reason to go for active
chilled beams. In some cases space savings in the ceiling
plenums can be achieved by implementing this technology.

Condensation control is one challenge faced by working

The chilled beam system makes use of the natural air flow and works with with chilled beams. The humidity of the supply air must
buoyancy. Chilled beams are pipes circulated with cold water, they are be analyzed carefully and appropriate ways should be
mounted on the ceiling and provide a cold surface which is exchanging adopted to avoid the condensation on the ceiling. To
the temperature by convection and radiation directly to the room air. The make sure that condensation does not occur, the wetbulb
greatest advantages of these systems are the huge savings in ventilation temperature of the supply air must always be higher than
energy as compared to a conventional system where the air serves as the supply water temperature of the chilled beam. For humid
a medium to transport cold air to the room. The new sustainable sky climates a dehumidification of the air will be necessary
scrapper pearl river tower will make use of this technology. ( Picture on
before supplying it to the room. Attention should be paid
the right)
to airtight construction of the building what will influence
Conventional buildings as well as Green buildings using most of their energy for operation of it’s cooling the infiltration of (humid) air. Chilled beams are well suited
system. These systems require a lot of energy for supplying the cold air through air ducts into the room. In for applications where heat generated by equipment drives
many cases ventilation energy takes up the biggest share of the energy cost for cooling. To reduce this share cooling loads and supply airflow levels. For buildings with
chilled beams are introduced to green buildings. high indoor latent loads, such as restaurants, health clubs or
theatres other systems may be a better choice.
Air with its low density is not predestined to ‘transport’ energy. One cubic meter of air can store around 1 kJ if
Manufacturers are now offering multi-purpose chilled beam
the temperature changes by one degree Celsius, for the same volume (1 sqm) water is able to store 4000 kJ of
units. These are single units that include light fixtures,
energy. What means to extract 4000 kJ of load from a space will require either 40,00,000 litre of air or just
sprinklers, cooling coils and the chilled beams. Combining all
1,000 litre of water.
of these elements into one unit offers simplified installation
and gives more importance to the design.
The innovation of chilled beams is that the loads are removed with the help of water and not in the conventional
way with air. These systems were first introduced in Europe as chilled ceilings, where water pipes as part of the Chilled beams can save 15-20% of the cooling energy or more, reason being that the sensible cooling takes place directly
ceiling work with convection to cool down the space. The disadvantage of limited cooling capacity was taken to the space and the ventilation energy is reduced significantly as only the required amount of fresh air is supplied to
care of by changing the system to passive chilled beams. This concept uses pipes and coils which are installed the room. Higher chilled water temperatures around 60 degree Fahrenheit for chilled beams and 44 degree Fahrenheit
on the ceiling so that the air can flow through it and cool down. Problems of condensation on the ceiling were for conventional systems make high savings in cooling energy possible and reduce the electricity bills.
faced in some projects due to the low temperatures on the surface of the chilled beam and the sometimes high
humidity of fresh air. The article used the ASHRAE Journal and the website of DADANCO (worldwide Chilled Beams producer) as a source of information
beside the expertise of our team for HVAC systems.
i
43

Architect of the Month Key People

to be GREEN Vidur Bharadwaj, Managing Partner

The managing partner of Design & Development, one of the leading

DESIGN
architectural firms in the country. A Modern School Alumnus, Vidur
did his architecture from the prestigious School of Planning &
Architecture, Delhi.

AND Practicing since 1992, Vidur has designed projects for high profile
domestic and international clients.

DEVELOPMENT
Currently he is the Chairman - Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) – Delhi
Chairman - Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) – India -Schools & Education
Teaching Faculty - School of Planning & Architecture, Delhi.
Chapter Advisor - Hong Kong Development Group on Sustainable Architecture in Urban Cities
Frequent speaker at International and National forums on green architecture and relevant topics.

Design and Development is the only architectural firm in Asia (and possibly in the world),
which to its credit has designed three LEED Platinum rated buildings and two LEED
Gold rated buildings.
``Green building technology is a futuristic idea for the planet and is pro life. In the middle of steel and con-
crete constructions, eco-friendly buildings lead us to a healthy life and are gentle on our environment.
The basic tenet behind green construction is to effectively use the natural resources in a manner to re-
duce the damage to the environment. At Design & Development we have adopted this as a mission and
we have delivered projects which are user friendly and aim to build a greener tomorrow.’’

Jitendra Puri, Partner

It is our continuous endeavour ...
to design that strives to balance environment responsibility
resource efficiency, community sensitivity and occupant comfort
Jiterdra, is a M.Tech in “Construction Engineering and Project Management’’
from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi with Graduation in Architecture
from TVB school of Habitat Studies, Vasant Kunj Delhi. For the last ten years
he has been designing interior spaces for large corporate offices, schools and
hospitals.
``Green Interiors can be achieved by both simple & high tech ways, initial
capital cost is a bit more but human capital that occupies, is the supreme
cost of any facility.”
Sheetal Rakheja, Partner
Sheetal is a Graduate from Sushant school of Art & Architecture with eleven
years of design experience. She is an accredited Green Building professional
and a visiting faculty at SPA. She is a frequent speaker at National forums on
Green Architecture.
Designing has always been Sheetal’s key strength right from college days and she has today successfully
designed IT Parks, Corporate Offices, Hospitals, Multiplexes and Hotels. She is a firm believer in
Sustainable Architecture and therefore her building designs focus on harnessing natures elements,
highest energy efficiency, selective and optimized glazing with optimum wall window ratios and
employing carefully selected materials and minimizing wastages.
“Buildings consume vast amounts of our resources like water, energy, materials and threaten
the ecological systems that support life, from the ozone layer to the world’s forests. 
Therefore,there is a need to rethink ... Reassess our excess as it is important to build for fulfilling
our needs and not the greed.”
 45

Prospectus Green Projects

Design & Development is a multidimensional architectural
showcasing exemplary design & construction in green
and interior design firm with significant experience in designing
Software Parks, SEZ’s (Wipro, Patni, Computer Science Wipro Campus, Greater Noida
Corporation, Hughes Software), Hospitals (Max Health Care),
Multiplexes, Shopping Malls and Personalized Residences. Since
its inception in 1993, the company has designed projects for high
profile domestic and international clients.
The firm is committed to success through principal involvement and
collaborative teamwork of all disciplines i.e. interior, architecture
and project management team. Design & Development is dedicated
to the process of developing creative solutions that go beyond the
obvious. The approach is to provide distinctive and memorable
design solutions within viable commercial parameters each time. Building Type : IT/ITES Facility, Built up area - 40,00,000 sq.ft.

Quality is maintained through hands-on involvement at almost The Wipro campus has been designed to provide an interactive campus environment in a tranquil
every level, with a clear focus on budget and schedules, setting. The activity hub with common facilities like recreation, cafeteria and sports center is planned
environmental consciousness, state of the art technology and the along the central axis with software office blocks on either side of this central zone. The reception,
highest standards of design excellence. This has ensured that the library & rejuvenation areas are curvilinear in stark contrast to the efficient, straight and rectangular
projects Design & Development works upon truly withstand the forms of the office blocks. The office areas are oriented North South with optimum glass wall ratio of
test of good-sustainable Architecture. 24% and high performance glass used to achieve daylight and views to occupant.

Design & Development is a very specialized architectural firm having over 100 professionals working in ZONING AND RELATIONSHIP
it who are striving to design environment friendly GREEN BUILDINGS across the globe. In 2007, it was
placed among the top four architectural firms in India by CNBC and ICICI .It currently has 40 million The green spaces and the central dry
sq.feet of sustainable green architecture at various stages from design to completion. water body are designed along the main
pedestrian movement pattern to enhance
Design and Development team keeps conducting a no. of workshops and interactive sessions it, such that they together become the
With clients, contractors and students to spread the message of green all across India Vidur and binding element for the campus. To add
Sheetal have been an active speakers in various conferences and workshops Organized by ISHRAE interest and shaded areas for making
– Indian Society of Heating and Air-condition Engineers,IERF,Search Foundation,IGBC and CII. pedestrian circulation more conducive.
The open spaces become the spillover
interaction zones.

Earth air tunnel for using the geo thermal energy to cool the office space and chilled beam system are
employed for lowering energy consumption of the buildings.

Two of the blocks have achieved IGBC (Indian Green Building Council) LEED Gold rating and
another building is being designed to achieve Leed Platinum Rating.
Green Projects
showcasing exemplary design & construction in green
Green Boulevard, Noida
It’s one of the most Environment Friendly
Core and Shell project in India. It is aspiring
to achieve USGBC (United States Green
Building Council) Platinum rating LEED
(Leadership in energy & environmental
Design) certification in Core and Shell
The Building is a multi-tenant project that
is based around the concept of creating
a congenial campus like environment,
where every tenant can share common
areas, facilities and still retain their
privacy.
The three towers, of this 9,52,000 sq.ft. development, are
staggered horizontally and vertically, giving each one visibility and
identity from the road. The stilted public realms on the lower floors
consist of an amphitheatre, a gym, a cafeteria and shops, helping
to form an area of common interests. The shaded stilted landscape
areas provide easy visual & physical connections, which create an
interactive environment.
Series of landscape sunken courts get in diffused natural light
from one side into lower ground areas housing cafeteria, gym and
offices. The lower ground areas remain cooler as these are sunk.

The towers are designed around shaded landscape courts with shallow water bodies & plants, which
are placed strategically along the wind direction to help cool the ambient temperature of the campus.
The building depth has been optimized to capture daylight and to maximize views.
The north-south orientation of the building ensures diffused natural daylight from the north while the
horizontal projection design feature cuts off the high sun from the South side. All the exterior shading
systems are designed to cut off heat and get glare free light. Pre cooled fresh air, the heat recovery
wheel and free cooling during fair weather season further helps in energy conservation.
It was ascertained as per the building simulation results that the Active and Passive features of the
Green Boulevard, together, help in saving 40% energy from other standard office buildings in India.

IHDP, Business Park, Noida

The studios are designed in clusters around interconnected courts.
Each court has its distinct character and features and is yet part of
a larger thematic architectural principle that flows throughout the
structure and surroundings.

These clusters are planned around a dynamic, central water body

that changes shapes and size to create movement. The water
body simultaneously functions as a stage for the amphitheatre
reminiscing one of our ghats while also accommodating the floating
restaurant.
Our magazine’s August issue featured Patni Knowledge Center, Noida, as the project of the month.
Which explained the various sustainable features along with the planning concepts involved in the
design of the project.
Facade integration of photovoltaic modules Possible integration of PV into facades 49

With the implementation of Energy
Performance Certificates for Buildings a new era in
terms of building design has started. Today not only
the design and façade of a building count but also
its functionality and energy consumption during the
utilization phase. The better the energetic standard,
the lower the operation expenses and the higher the
value of a real estate.
A building which can produce its own power
demand or can at least contribute to it, has a lead
over conventional buildings which are cheap in
construction but blow all budgets (or “breaks the
bank”) once under operation.
Building, especially large office blocks offer
large surface areas that can be used for energy
production trough photovoltaic systems, reducing
the energy consumption of the building and CO2
emissions at the same time.
On-roof photovoltaic systems have become very
common in central Europe. On-roof or façade
additive mounting, such as on porch roofs, is
done with a mounting system made from steel or
aluminum and the panels are solely for electricity
production.
Photovoltaic modules can be easily integrated into The aim of architecture is to maximize
the building envelope and take the function of an the user’s comfort regarding natural
adequate building element. Among post-and-beam lighting and open view outside. This is
construction, rear ventilated walls and curtain walls mostly achieved with large glass surfaces.
also pre-fabricated facades have become popular in To ensure the thermal balance of the
the last decades. building, shading of these is the only way.
It is the architect’s choice if he wants the PV Since outside shading elements are more
panels to be invisibly mounted on the roof-top or efficient than inside shading and since
to be shaping the appearance of the building by rear-ventilation improves PV cell efficiency,
integrating the electricity producing cells into the porch roofs and shading blades are very
visible shell. useful for installation of photovoltaic
cells. They reduce the cooling load and
The most common integration of photovoltaic into produce electricity which can be used
the façade: for example for artificial lighting. Wind
load and load-carrying capacity has to be
verified on an individual basis. Inclination
• Shading systems and gap between the modules has to be
• Post-and-beam construction chosen so that mutual shading is avoided.
Glas-in-glas modules also have a shading
• Element facade effect. Overhead mounting above an atrium
makes the area a comfortable place. Atria
• Double cladding/ double skin facade and canopy have ideal inclination and are
• Atria and cantilever roof mostly free from shading.

Color
Design
Usually photovoltaic cells are dark of color to
ensure maximum absorption of sunlight. By
varying the thickness of the anti-reflection film
other color-effects can be created. Colored
PV-cells are custom made thus doubling or
tripling the price of conventional cells.
The higher reflection rate leads to a decrease
in cell efficiency of 15-30%.
Flexibility
Flexible and bent modules are laminated on a support
material like metal- or plastic film, synthetic resin or
glas-textile-membrane. Thin-film flexible modules have a
very low weight and can be used for shading elements,
sun-sails and arched roofs and cupolas. Cristalline cells
can be bent to a minimum radius of 0,9m. Bent Modules
are not as efficient as plane ones because they are not
equally exposed to the sunlight.

Photovoltaic Technology has reached a point where shape, size and mounting methods are more
flexible than ever. Therefore bold design ideas can be realized. Design of polycrystalline and monocrystal-
line modules is bound to the size, number and arrangement and the wafers. When designing, one can take
into consideration the standard sizes available or, if a complete covering is desired, order custom-made
modules. To fill corners and get a uniform surface look, dummy modules with “dead cells” are used.

Semitransparent und translucid photovoltaic modules combine electricity production and provide
natural regulated lighting in the room. Glas-in-Glas modules are available as single glazing or double
glazing. The transmission factor is regulated by the cell coverage of poly- or monocrystalline between the
glazing. At thin-film modules the opaque layer is cut into rectangular parts with a laser, creating gaps for
the light to shine through.
 51
Double Cladding

Airy constructions and

light-flooded rooms take
their toll. Single glazed
facades have a high heat
transmission coefficient
which leads to highly
fluctuating temperatures in
the building. Just like in a
greenhouse the air heats
up so much that corrective
action is unavoidable. Double
cladding is the answer to big
glass surfaces. It consists of
two glass facades, where the
outer façade is rear-ventilated
and therefore suitable for the
integration of translucid PV
modules.
Ventilated Facade Operation & Maintenance
After the initial start-up, maintenance is not absolutely necessary but regular checks ensure that failures
Rear-ventilated facades mainly protect the main façade from weather impact. It has no heat insulating func- can be detected quickly, defect modules can be exchanged and the system always operates at maximum
tion but is positioned in front of the load-carrying façade and is air permeable. Since rear-ventilated facades power. In most types of facades exchanging of modules is done from outside. Cleaning of the surface is not
contain of opaque elements such as aluminum, stone or steel, photovoltaic panels offer an economically necessary since rainwater washes the dust away. In areas where the air is heavily polluted and where stains
feasible alternative. No major alteration on the existing façade structure is necessary. remain on the glass, the surface should be cleaned in the same interval as glass or metal facades.

Non-Ventilated Facade Resume

Other than the ventilated façade, a non-ventilated facade has a heat insulation function. It can consist of
concrete or brick walls with humidity barriers and insulation material. Today armored concrete constructions
are common. Exterior wall don’t have load-carrying functions any longer but their weight is carried by the
concrete ceilings. Curtain facades are usually a post-and-beam construction made from steel or aluminium
profiles and filled with glass. Overheating in summer has to be prevented by shading elements. Opaque
or translucid photovoltaic elements can be fitted into a post-and-beam structure very easily and cause a
regulation of energy input into the room. They can be mounted and sealed in the same way as glass plates.
As these kind of facades are not ventilated the temperatures of the modules are getting higher and therefore
the efficiency of the PV panels is lower.
Facade integration offers an enormous potential for photovoltaic electricity production. If only a
small percentage of building surfaces are used, building standards can be lifted to a whole new level.
In addition the thermal standard of the façade will be improved through shading and the user will feel
more comfortable in a well tempered building. After all, design should also keep in mind the needs of the
people living with it. Architects have a responsibility to lead the way into a sustainable future and show
their environmental commitment.
Info
Mrs DI (Fh) Ida Poinstingl is the author of this article. She is working on design and planning of photovoltaic projects
in Europe. For further information on building integrated systems please contact her at: ida.poinstingl@hotmail.com
 Carbon Credits - Indian Perspectives
by Mr. Kiran Patil, Managing Director, Ecolutions Carbon India
Climate Change and the
Green House Gas effect:
Human activities are increasing the concentration
of GHGs in the atmosphere. This enhances the
green house gas effect and is commonly referred
to as Climate change. Climate Change Leads to :
• Rise in average global temperature (expected to go up
by 1-4 Celsius in next 100 years)
• Changes in precipitation quantity and weather patterns
• Changes in vegetation
• Increased storm surges
• Sea level rise (parts of Maldives & Bangladesh might • The CDM is the only mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol that involves developing countries or
submerge in next 50 yrs)
Global Initiatives on Climate Change
• United Nations Framework Convention on climate change
(UNFCCC) adopted in Rio-earth summit 1992
• First major initiative for International Cooperation in the
area of GHG mitigation
• Primary objective being stabilization of GHG
concentrations in the atmosphere that would prevent
interference with climate system
• Further strengthened in Kyoto Protocol in 1997, where
the nations of the world agreed that industrialized
countries will reduce their aggregate emissions.
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 53
• In 1992 over 180 countries at the "Earth Summit" in Rio de Janeiro adopted the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC is a legal framework that enables
Parties to the Convention to start the process of stabilizing greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere.
• Parties to the UNFCCC have been meeting every year since 1994 to implement and define this framework.
At the third meeting of the Parties, Conference of Parties ( COP) 3, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted and
set legally binding GHG reductions for industrialized countries, or so-called Annex I Parties.
• The Kyoto Protocol entered into force, on February 16, 2005, it identifies mechanisms by which credit
can be received for GHG reduction projects in non-Annex I countries.
• In December 2001, the Convention has received 186 instruments of ratification.
• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of three "flexibility mechanisms" identified in the
Kyoto Protocol that participating countries can use to meet their GHG reduction targets.
non-Annex I countries. Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol allows developed countries and countries with
economies in transition to meet their greenhouse gas reduction commitments by engaging in CDM
projects that reduce GHG emissions. Developing, or non-Annex I, countries that have ratified the Kyoto
Protocol can benefit from these CDM projects to promote sustainable development. Annex I countries,
in return, receive certified emission reduction (CERs) credits for investing in CDM projects in non-Annex
I countries, which can be used against their GHG reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol.
Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol set out
Registered Project activities by host party. Total 1,789
three goals for the CDM:
• To help mitigate climate change;
• To help Annex I countries attain their
emission reduction commitments;
• To help non-Annex I countries achieve
sustainable development.

CDM projects have three overall criteria:

FLEXIBILITY MECHANISMS OF KYOTO PROTOCOL
Projects must be voluntary;
Projects must be able to show long-term
climate change mitigation benefits; and • Out of the 1,789 registered projects, 450+ projects
Projects must contribute to emissions belong to India (approximately 25%).
Clean Development Joint International Emission reductions above and beyond business as • Over 1230 Projects have received ‘Host Country Approval’
Mechanisms (CDM) Implementation (JI) Trading - (IET) usual (so-called additionality). from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Delhi.

Between developing and Between developed Between developed countries

developed countries countries
CDM in India Global Warming
GHG Sources

Green House Gas Emissions

Potential (GWP)
India acceded to the Kyoto Protocol in August Fossil fuel combustion;
2002 and one of the objectives of acceding CO2: Carbon Dioxide
déforestation; agriculture
1

was to fulfill prerequisites for implementation

and Sources
Agriculture; land use change;
CH4: Methane 23
of CDM projects, in accordance with national biomass burning; landfills

Kyoto Protocol sustainable priorities. N2O: Nitrous Oxide

Fossil fuel combustion;
296
industrial; agricultural
HFCs: Hydro Fluoro
It is a treaty signed by most of the Developed Nations / Annex NATIONAL CDM AUTHORITY Carbons
Industrial/manufacturing 120~ 12000

I countries and Developing nations/ Annex II countries. It says

that all the Developed Nations have to reduce their Greenhouse The Ministry of Environment and Forests is PFCs: Per Fluoro Carbons Industrial/manufacturing 5700~ 11900

Gas Emissions by certain % of target from 2008 to 2012, the the nodal agency for climate change issues SF6: Sulphur Hexa Electricity transmission;
22200
Fluoride manufacturing
minimum benchmark level is 5.2%. in India. It has constituted Working Groups
Source: Kyoto Protocol, Annex A; IPCC (2001)
on the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol.
 CDM Process Steps CDM as a financing Mechanism Ecolutions Carbon India Pvt. Ltd. 55

• CDM project additional cash flows on sale of CERs INVESTING IN CLIMATE PROTECTION PROJECTS
• Identification of the projects. • Viability improves due to Banks will be interested when viability
improves Ecolutions Carbon India Pvt. Ltd. is a 100% subsidiary of Ecolutions GmbH & KGaA of Germany, one of
• Bundling of small scale project
• Normally cash flow from CER sales revenue happens on delivery the well known companies in Europe.
(if needed). of CER
• Basic Data Collection. • CER sales revenue is considered at the time of financial appraisal. Ecolutions is created to serve as the pre-eminent business-to-business resource for companies to
understand, mitigate and manage the transition to a greenhouse gas constrained future. They are
• Preparation of Project Concept committed to take positive and real action to tackle global green house problems. The integrated
Note (PCN). Issues faced during CDM Cycle business model of Ecolutions combines ecological and economic demands in a unique way. The company
makes an active contribution to global climate protection efforts and offers investors an attractive
• Preparation of Project Design
• Identification of Project Type/Methodology used investment opportunity in the emerging carbon markets.
Document (PDD). • Tracking the Host Country Approval (HCA) process
• Host Country Approval. • Costs of Validation (Increasing DOE fees) Ecolutions dedicated team is experienced in determining the eligibility of projects under CDM. Team
• Choice of DOEs, Accreditation of DOEs, Suspension of DOEs by Ecolutions comprises of highly qualified and experienced multi-disciplinary professionals.
• Selection of Validators (DoEs).
UN CDM EB
• Assistance in verification, • CDM Cycle Time and CDM Costs Ecolutions is the only ISO certified company in carbon market in India in its first year of operation
certification and registration. itself and having the portfolio of 2.58 Million + tCO2e Portfolio, having 32+ Clients and 26+ Projects,
Issues faced during Registration aggregator at Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) and also has CLIMEX Membership as well.
• Financial analysis of the GHG
emission reductions. Equity investment projects: Ecolutions has recently invested 2 Biomass projects (15 MW each) in
Serious prior consideration of CDM.
Nagpur District, Maharashtra with equity partnership with Turboatom- TPS Projects Ltd. This project
• Market and revenue • Poor Additionality Demonstration, understanding and will be using biomass viz agriculture waste which is burnt by farmers, available in local areas as a fuel
assessments. proper use of EB Guidelines. Choice of right consultant/expert in the power-plants to produce electricity. Ecolutions is also developing a 45 MW wind energy project
for the PDD writing, is required. in Maharashtra. Their project will be supplying 85,000 MWh to the regional grid and also generate
• Identification of potential
• Loopholes in Investment Analysis, analysis of Registered about 77,000 CERs per year.
buyers for GHG -emission and rejected projects is required. Project Design and Documentation:
reductions purchase and • Use of Incorrect Benchmark, financial expert must have Ecolutions is actively engaged in developing the CERs/VERs
knowledge about the CDM guidelines. project. At present Ecolutions is working on more than 25 Projects
transfer agreements. • Incorrect Applicability Criteria used (from approved in the short span of one year.
methodologies) use the latest version of methodologies, and
reference of the registered PDDs is required. Carbon Foot Print Services:
Carbon Footprint is the sum total of the impact of a person
or thing or activity on the environment measured in tones of
Project Design Document carbon dioxide (CO2, the major greenhouse gas) released back
into the environment. A personal carbon footprint is the total
Designated national authorities carbon emissions resulting from the activities of one person,
Host country approval
again usually measured in terms of tones of CO2 per year.
Validation Operational entities A footprint is what is left at the back as a result of an
individual's activities. Carbon footprints can measure only direct
Registration emissions from energy used in the home and in transport, or can
also include indirect emissions as a result of goods and services
consumed.
Financing and implementation
Ecolutions Carbon India Pvt. Ltd has formally launched its "Carbon
Project ownwer
Monitoring Footprint Services" on the occasion of the 1st Anniversary of
the company. i.e. on 17th January 2009. Ecolutions is the first
company in India who has announced such a project in organized
Verification and certification
manner specially for the corporate world and individuals.
Battle against the Climate Change by spreading awareness about
Issue CERs
Executive board Global Warming effects among the younger generation.
Visit www.ecolutions.in for more information about
Interactions involved in a typical CDM project and actors responsible Ecolutions Carbon India Pvt. Ltd.
 57
Working long-term in electric lighting is believed to be deleterious to health,
working by daylight is believed to result in less stress and discomfort.

How we light up the places we live and work makes a big impact on how Features:
we feel. It also makes a big impact on the environment.
Daylighting facts: 1. LightPipe can work for Lower Floors in Multilevel building, if there is a duct or opening for the tubes
to run through from roof. The light pipes are to be weather protected. The southern face of building
• Daylight (Full Spectrum light), is the source of life and essential to our well being, health and can be tapped to bring the light inside.
development.
2. LightPipe provides good performance even in cloudy days. In overcast conditions where ambient
• It provides high luminance and permits excellent colour discrimination and colour rendering, these light is 40,000-50,000 lux, 530 mm Light Pipe delivers 1400-1500 lux.
two properties mean that daylight provides the condition for good vision.
• Skyshade Daylights is presenting the miracle Daylighting system “LightPipe” which conducts 3. Unlike regular Skylights, the LightPipe conducts light only and not heat because of static air column.
sunlight through a system of pipes from exterior/ ambient into desired location in the building. As the length of Reflective tubing increases, the heat transfer
reduces. Even double glazed diffusers can be provided.
Features: Applications: Commercial Residential
Warehouses Living 4. LightPipe has a top UV absorbing dome and bottom diffuser which absorbs 99% UV
• Bright natural day light radiation. The light transmitted will not fade the interiors of building and is not harmful.
Factories Bedrooms
• Works on rainy days
Corridors Kitchen
• No heat transfer
Schools Toilets Electric Light vs Light pipe Light can reach desired
• Zero UV radiation
• Can bend around corners Institutions Staircases locations in a building.
Offices

Diameter Ambient Light vs Light output (Lux) Area Covered

(mm) 1.00 to 1.10 lakh 50,000 9,000 (sft)
750 5000 1000-1100
530 2800 1600 500 450-500
250 450 250 150-200

Advantages:
• Cool day light
• Saves Electricity
• Exposure to natural daylight is beneficial to keep up the
mental and physical well being
• Better natural light conditions were linked to improved
productivity and safety of personnel
• Reduces the risk of business disruption due to power failures

How it works?
The Transparent Dome exposed to sun collects light and pipes it
down. The highly reflective interior surface of the pipe, conducts Contact us at:
light to desired location, with minimal loss. Skyshade
6-3-1216/141, Methodist Colony, Email: sales@skyshade.in;
The diffuser installed inside, distributes the incoming light evenly
Kundanbagh, Begumpet, skyshadeindia@gmail.com
throughout the area.
Hyderabad-500016 Visit: www.skyshade.in
This quote from “The Rhyme of the Ancient
Mariner” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
could be our future, unless we take notice
and action on the growing water crisis in
our country and the world. We must be
careful about the water we use and the
waste we generate, as it affects the climate
and our future generations more than you
can ever imagine.

"There will be constant competition over

water, between farming families and urban
dwellers, environmental conservationists Source: UNICEF report, August 2007
and industrialists, minorities living off
natural resources and entrepreneurs
seeking to commodify the resources base
for commercial gain" -UNICEF report on
Indian water, Nina Brooks, August 2007.

Imminent Water Crisis in India:

India’s huge and growing population is putting a severe

strain on all of the country’s natural resources. Most water
sources are contaminated by sewage and agricultural runoff.
India has made progress in the supply of safe water to its
people, but gross disparity in coverage exists across the
country. Although access to drinking water has improved,
the World Bank estimates that 21% of communicable
diseases in India are related to unsafe water.

Start Conserving Water in Buildings:

The rapid growth of population in India has resulted in a

crisis of shortage of fresh water. Green Buildings address
this issue in 2 steps. First is to reduce the amount of water
being used in the building, which would be in toilets,
bathrooms, janitorial uses and air conditioning make up in
water cooled systems. Secondly, green buildings reduce the
amount of waste water leaving the site, sometime a zero
discharge, by treating the waste water on site and reusing it
for toilet flushing and landscaping.
The Savings, Quantified:
In this article, we shall focus on water conserving fixtures that can help you reduce the intake of fresh
water for domestic purposes. The “baseline” or standard flow and flush fixtures are compared to
more efficient fixtures available in the market. It is obvious that simple choices of fixtures, and at no
additional cost, can result in substantial savings in fresh water use, reduction in sewage generation and
a reduced negative impact on the environment.
The following calculations have been done to show the water use reduction in buildings for domestic
purposes. The Building use is assumed as office of 200 people, 100 male & 100 female. The following
basic usage assumptions have been taken for both cases:
Fixture Men / Uses per day Women / Uses per day
Water Closet 1 3
Urinal 2 0
Faucet 3 (15 seconds) 3 (15 seconds)
Shower 1 (600 seconds) 1 (600 seconds)

Strategy 1: Use Low- Flow Dual Flush Water Closets

Fixture Baseline Efficient Baseline Efficient Savings
Water Use Water Use
Litres / flush Litres / flush Litres / day Litres/day %
Water Closet 6/3 4/2 2400 1200 50%

Strategy 2: Use Water- Less or Low Flow Urinals

Fixture Baseline Efficient Baseline Efficient Savings
Water Use Water Use
Litres / flush Litres / flush Litres / day Litres/day %
Urinal – Low Flow 1 0.5 200 100 50%
Urinals – Waterless 1 0 200 0 100%

Strategy 3: Low Flow Faucets

Fixture Baseline Efficient Baseline Efficient Savings
Water Use Water Use
Litres / min Litres / min Litres / day Litres/day %
Faucets 12 6 1800 900 50%

Strategy 4: Low Flow Showers (Assuming 10% of the population

showers on site)
Fixture Baseline Efficient Baseline Efficient Savings
Water Use Water Use
Litres / min Litres / min Litres / day Litres/day %
Showers 12 6 2400 1200 50%

Combined Case: Savings by Implementing Strategies 1 -4

Baseline Efficient Savings

Water Use Water Use
Litres / day Litres/day %
Daily Water 6800 3300 52
Consumption

The above calculations are for an Office building of 200

person occupancy. The amount of fresh water usage can be
reduced by 10,50,000 litres/year (for 300 working days) and
reduce the sewage being generated by 60%.
Hence, by implementing strategies that wouldn’t necessarily
cost you any additional money would save on water bills and
reduce the burden on municipal water supplies & drainage.
Imagine if all buildings were to use these strategies, now
wouldn’t that be sustainable?
Make yourself heard in the Green Community
through us. We are all listening to what
you feel, believe & would like to say.
We also want to make our publication useful,
communicative and educative, so that we can
all work together to make our buildings, cities,
country and world, a greener place to live.
Please e-mail us and we would be delighted
to hear your feedback about our magazine, the
articles we have published and if you think
there is a topic we should cover in our next
publication.
Be Inspired and Green Regards
Inspired to be GREEN Team
September 2009
Owner & Editor:
Kishore Kumar
130, Old Mahabalipuram Road,
Shollinganallur, Chennai - 600119.
Printer:
Rapid Scan Systems Ltd
Old No 14, Sri Krishnapuram street,
Royapettah
Chennai - 600014.
Email for questions, comments & marketing:
Inspired.to.be.green@gmail.com
Contact Phone Number:
+91 98432 68083
Private Circulation, Not for Sale.
"I'd put my money on the sun and solar
energy. What a source of power! I hope we
don't have to wait until oil and coal run out
before we tackle that."
— Thomas Edison, 1931
“Humor is a serious thing. I like to think of
it as one of our greatest natural resources,
which must be preserved at all cost.”
—James Thurber
"Why should I care about future generations?
What have they ever done for me?"
— Groucho Marx
"Man is a complex being; he makes the
deserts bloom and lakes die." — Gil Stern
"The good news is we know what to do. The
good news is, we have everything we need
now to respond to the challenge of global
warming. We have all the technologies we
need; more are being developed. And as
they become available and become more
affordable when produced in scale, they will
make it easier to respond. But we should not
wait, we cannot wait, we must not wait."
— Al Gore
"If you want one year of prosperity, plant corn.
If you want ten years of prosperity, plant trees.
If you want one hundred years of prosperity,
educate people." — Chinese proverb