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HACKER
>Definitions<
Hacker : any programming specialist who
has expertise to enter computer network unauthorized. Cracker : some one who destructs things. Hacking : act of illegally entering a computer system, and making unauthorized changes to the files and data contain within.
adopted by ethical hackers to discover the vulnerabilities existing in information systems operating environments. With the growth of the Internet, computer security has become a major concern for businesses and governments. In their search for a way to approach the problem, organizations came to realize that one of the best ways to evaluate the intruder threat to their interests would be to have independent computer security professionals attempt to break into their computer systems.
Ethical Hacking
Independent computer security
Professionals breaking into the computer systems. Neither damage the target systems nor steal information. Evaluate target systems security and report back to owners about the vulnerabilities found.
networking skills. Learn about the system and trying to find its weaknesses. Techniques of Criminal hackersDetection-Prevention. Published research papers or released security software. No Ex-hackers.
January - 2005
No of Defacements 922 24
.org
.net .biz .co.in .ac.in .info
53
39 12 48 13 3
.nic.in
.edu other Total
2
2 13 1131
Source: CERT/CC
Types of hacking
Normal data transfer
Interruption
Interception
Modification
Fabrication
Show off
Hack other systems secretly
the war
Install rootkit ( backdoor ) The hacker who hacked the system can use the system later It contains trojan ls, ps, and so on
Being Prepared
What can an intruder see on the target systems? What can an intruder do with that information? Does anyone at the target notice the intruder's
attempts or successes?
1. What are you trying to protect? 2. Who are you trying to protect against? 3. How much time, effort, and money are you willing to
Outsider attack
Stolen equipment attack
Physical entry
Bypassed authentication attack (wireless
Anatomy of an attack:
Reconnaissance attacker gathers information; can include social engineering. Scanning searches for open ports (port scan) probes target for vulnerabilities. Gaining access attacker exploits vulnerabilities to get inside system; used for spoofing IP. Maintaining access creates backdoor through use of Trojans; once attacker gains access makes sure he/she can get back in. Covering tracks deletes files, hides files, and erases log files. So that attacker cannot be detected or penalized.
Hackers
Black Hats
White Hats
Gray Hats
Script Kiddies:
Writing of code to promote political ideology promoting expressive politics, free speech, human rights.
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Classes of Attack
1. Authentication 2. Client-Side Attacks 3. Command Execution 4. Information Disclosure
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Authentication
Covers attacks that target a web site's method of validating the identity of a user, service or application. Attack Types :
1. Brute Force
2. Weak Password Recovery Validation
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Client-Side Attacks
Focuses on the abuse or exploitation of a web site's
users.
Attack Examples : 1. Content Spoofing 2. Cross-Site Scripting
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Command Execution
Covers attacks designed to execute remote commands on the web site Attack Examples :
1. OS Commanding
2. SQL Injection
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SQL Injection
Allows a remote attacker to
execute arbitrary database commands Relies on poorly formed database queries and insufficient input validation Often facilitated, but does not rely on unhandled exceptions and ODBC error messages Impact: MASSIVE. This is one of the most dangerous vulnerabilities on the web.
Web App
Hacker
Information Disclosure
Covers attacks designed to acquire system specific information about a web site like backup / temporary files, softwares used etc.. Attack Examples : 1. Path Traversal 2. Predictable Resource Location
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Hacking
Definition : Google hacking is a term that refers to the art of creating complex search engine queries in order to filter through large amounts of search results for information related to computer security.
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inurl:passwd filetype:txt
Index of :
"Index of /secret " "Index of /credit-card "
Intitle :
?intitle:index.of?MP3 Songname
?intitle:index.of?ebook BookName
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Viruses:
Viruses - A virus is a small piece of software that
piggybacks on real programs. For example, a virus might attach itself to a program such as a spreadsheet program. Each time the spreadsheet program runs, the virus runs, too, and it has the chance to reproduce (by attaching to other programs) or wreak havoc.
E-mail viruses - An e-mail virus moves around in
e-mail messages, and usually replicates itself by automatically mailing itself to dozens of people in the victim's e-mail address book.
uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself. A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole. It copies itself to the new machine using the security hole, and then starts replicating from there, as well. Code Red is an example of a nasty worm.
Trojan horses - A Trojan horse is simply a
computer program. The program claims to do one thing (it may claim to be a game) but instead does damage when you run it (it may erase your hard disk). Trojan horses have no way to replicate automatically.
Horses:
A destructive program that masquerades as a benign
application. Unlike viruses, Trojan horses do not replicate themselves but they can be just as destructive. One of the most insidious types of Trojan horse is a program that claims to rid your computer of viruses but instead introduces viruses onto your computer.
The term comes from a story in Homer's Iliad, in which the
Greeks give a giant wooden horse to their foes, the Trojans, ostensibly as a peace offering. But after the Trojans drag the horse inside their city walls, Greek soldiers sneak out of the horse's hollow belly and open the city gates, allowing their compatriots to pour in and capture Troy.
Hell Raising:
Denial of Service attacks (DoS) are a type
of attack on a network that is designed to bring the network to its knees by flooding it with useless traffic. Two types of DoS are called a Zombie and Pulsing Zombie. IP Spoofing is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers, whereby the intruder sends messages to a computer with an IP address indicating that the message is coming from a trusted host.
Cont.
Port Scanning is the act of systematically scanning a computer's ports. Since a port is a place where information goes into and out of a computer, port scanning identifies open doors to a computer. Port scanning has legitimate uses in managing networks, but port scanning also can be malicious in nature if someone is looking for a weakened access point to break into your computer.
Wireless Security
Insertion Attacks
Unauthorized devices on the wireless network. This can be clients or base stations. Interception and monitoring wireless traffic Wireless Sniffer , Hijacking the session, Broadcast Monitoring, ArpSpoof Monitoring and Hijacking, BaseStation Clone (Evil Twin) intercept traffic Client to Client Attacks Two wireless clients can talk directly to each other by-passing the base station. Because of this, each client must protect itself from other clients.
Wireless (continued)
Jamming
Denial of service attacks for wired networks are popular. This same principle can be applied to wireless traffic, where legitimate traffic gets jammed because illegitimate traffic overwhelms the frequencies, and legitimate traffic can not get through.
2.4 GHz Interfering Technology
An attacker with the proper equipment and tools can easily flood the 2.4 GHz frequency, so that the signal to noise drops so low, that the wireless network ceases to function. This can be a risk with even non-malicious intent as more technologies use the same frequencies and cause blocking. Cordless phones, baby monitors, and other devices like Bluetooth that operate on the 2.4 GHz frequency can disrupt a wireless network.
War Chalking:
Using chalk to place a special symbol on a sidewalk or other surface that indicates a nearby wireless network, especially one that offers Internet access.
Legion
Brutus
http://www.hackerhighschool.org/
Whoever commits hacking shall be punished with imprisonment up to three years or with fine which may extend upto two lakh rupees, or both.
If any person who, in pursuance of any powers conferred under this Act, Rules or Regulations made thereunder, has secured access to any electronic record, book register, correspondence, information, document or other material without the consent of the person concerned discloses such electronic record, book, register, correspondence, information, document, or other material to any other person shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees, or with both.
Whoever commits theft shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
breach of trust.
Whoever commits criminal breach of trust shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
trespass
Whoever commits criminal trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.
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