Formulation and Evaluation of Buccal Patches of Diclofenac Sodium

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{\info{\author Shubhra}{\subject International}{\operator Buccal}}
\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100
\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl666\margr133\margt666\margb160
\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {International Journa
l of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 12, December-2012
1 }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ISSN 2229-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5518}\fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li1373\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li137
3\ri0\sl-680\slmult0 \fs48\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Formulation and Evaluation of B
uccal }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-546\slmult0 \fs48\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Patches o
f Diclofenac Sodium }\par\pard\li4746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li47
46\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Shubhra Pandey }\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {Abstract:}\b0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Bilayerd films were
prepared by solvent casting technique using different concentration of two polym
ers namely, }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {sod
ium alginate and pectin. The backing membrane was prepared by using sodium
alginate. The drug containing layer }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs
12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {was prepared by using pectin. Different concentration
s of plasticizers and permeation enhancers were added. Prepared }\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {films were evaluated fo
r surface properties, weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, sur
face pH, drug content, }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\char
scalex100 {swel ing index and in vitro release. The release kinetics indicated f
irst order release of drug from al formulation. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Keywords:}\b0 { }\fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{Buccal mucosa, buccal patch, diclofenac sodium, buccal delivery, sodium algina
te, pectin }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5813\colsr-0\colno2\co
lw5626\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1.
}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {INTRODUCTION }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Buccal drug delivery has lately beco
me an }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {importan
t route of drug administration. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Various bioadhesive mucosal dosage forms }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx3600\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {have been developed,
}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {which included }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adhesive tablets, gels, ointments and more
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {recently films
. Buccal film may be preferred }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {over adhesive tablet in terms of flexibility and }\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comfort. In addition, the
y can circumvent the }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {relatively short residence time of oral gels on }\par\pard\li1133
\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the mucosa, which is easily wash
ed away and }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rem
oved by saliva. Moreover, the buccal film }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {is able to protect the wound surface, thus }
\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reduce pain and
also could treat oral diseases }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {more effectively. Diclofenac is 100% absorbed }\par\pard\li1133
\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {after oral administration com
pared to IV }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {When Diclofenac Sodium extended-release is }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {taken with food, there is a delay of 1 to 2

hours }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in the Tmax
and a two-fold increase in Cmax }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {values. The extent of absorption of diclofenac, }\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {however, is not significantly
affected by food }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {intake. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1.1 P
hysical Description of Oral Cavity }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {The oral cavity can be divided into two }\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regions; the outer oral ves
tibule which is }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
bounded by lips and cheeks and the oral }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cavity itself. The borders being formed by the }\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hard and soft palates
, the floor of the mouth }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {and the pillars of the fauces and tonsils. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Virtually all of the membranes that
line the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oral c
avity could potentially be used for }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {systemic drug delivery. However each region }\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw5813\colsr-0\colno2\colw1226\colsr-0\coln
o3\colw1146\colsr-0\colno4\colw3253\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {administration as measured by urine recovery. }\par\column\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {possesses}\par\column\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {different}\par\column\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx1266\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {properties}\tab \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {and }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5813\colsr
-0\colno2\colw5626\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ho
wever, due to first-pass metabolism, only }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {about 50% of the absorbed dose is systemically }\pa
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {available. }\par\p
ard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs14
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\u
c1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\
u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8212X}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f3\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Shubhra Pa
ndey }\i0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Meer
ut Institute }\i0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {of}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i { Engineering &Technology, Meerut }\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {characteristics and therefore requires different
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {approaches in th
e design and formulation of }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {suitable delivery systems. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1.2 Buccal Mucosa: Physiology }\b0 \par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The various regions (sublingual
, buccal, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gingival
) of the oral mucosa vary anatomically }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {and physiologically. Due to these differences }\par\par
d\sect\sectd\sbknone\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li5066\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {IJSER 2012 }\par\pard\li4
960\ri0\sl-133\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f2\charscalex100\ul {http://www.ijser.org}\ul0
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\mar
glsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn160\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Resear
ch Volume 3, Issue 12, December-2012
2 }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ISSN 2229}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5518}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\sect\s
ectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw58
13\colsr-0\colno2\colw5626\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1
133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in structure as well as f
unction, considerable }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx2560\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {variation exists}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in permeabi
lity among these }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {regions. This difference could make one region }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {more or less suitable for delivery of
a }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {particular d
rug. In addition, just as the }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx2693
\*\tx3333\*\tx4346\*\tx4826\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {microstructure }\tab \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {and }\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {function }\tab \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {of }\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the }\par\pard\li1
133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {integumentary system differ
s between and }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{within species, the buccal mucosa also exhibits }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {some dissimilarity. The oral mucosa is }\pa
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comprised of an
outer layer of stratified }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {squamous non-keratinized epithelium. Below }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\
sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the epithelium lies a basement memb
rane, a }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lamina
propria, and submucosa, respectively }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oral epithelium is very similar to epithelium }\p
ar\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {found elsewhere i
n the body. It consists of }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {basal cell layer, several inte
rmediate layers, }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {and a superficial layer from which cells shed. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-3
60\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {There are approximately 40-50 cell lay
ers that }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {make
up the buccal epithelium, with a cellular }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {turnover time of 5-6 days. In humans, dogs, }\p
ar\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {and rabbits, the
buccal mucosa measures 500-}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {800 m in thickness. Other areas of the oral }\par\column\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {permeable non-keratinized mucosal regions }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(buccal, floor of mouth) contain sm
aller }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {quantities o
f lipid. The basement membrane }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {forms the boundary between the lamina }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propria and the basal layer of the
epithelium. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Compo
sed of collagen, the basement }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {membrane is thought to provide support and }\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adherence between the epithelium
and the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lamina p
ropria, and to form a mechanical }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {barrier to cells and some large molecules }\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {across the mucosa. The lamin
a propria lies }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {und
erneath the basement membrane and }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {consists of a continuous sheet of collagenous }\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {connective tissue and elasti
c fibers. The }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cap
illaries and nerve fibers that supply the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mucosa are present in this region. }\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2.}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {MATERIALS }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Diclofenac sodium was obtained as a gift }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slm

ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sample from Leroi Pharma, Roorki. Pectin,
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sodium alginate,
Polyethylene glycol 400, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Polyethylene glycol 600, Calcium chloride, }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
none\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw5813\colsr
-0\colno2\colw1173\colsr-0\colno3\colw2133\colsr-0\colno4\colw2320\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {epithelium (gingiva, hard and s
oftpalates, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Sodium }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gly
codeoxycholate, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Sodium }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5813\colsr-0\colno2\colw5626\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {floor of mouth) vary in size. }\par\pard\li1
133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Likewise, the comp
osition of the epithelium }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {varies in accordance with location. Areas that }\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {endure mechanical stress such a
s the gingiva }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
and hard palate, like the epidermis, are }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {keratinized. In contrast, the buccal mucosa,
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sublingual reg
ion, and the soft palate are not }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {keratinized. Large quantities of protein are }\par\pa
rd\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {present in the cells
of both keratinized and }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {non-}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ke}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rati
nized epithelium.
Keratinized }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {regions of the mucosa contain large amounts }\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {of acylcermides and ceramid
e, while the more }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {taurocholate, Glycerin, Menthol were obtained }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {from Central drug house (C.D.H) Delhi, India}
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {All other reagent and chemicals were of }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-36
0\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {analytical grade. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3.}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {FORMULATION}\b0
{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {DEVELOPMENT }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3.1 Preparation of Bilayered Films }\b0 \par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bilayerd films were pre
pared by solvent }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{casting technique using different concentration }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {of two polymers namely, sodium alginate and }\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pectin. The backing m
embrane was prepared }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {by dissolving sodium alginate in distilled }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {water as solvent and glycerin as plasticize
r. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {IJSER 2012
}\par\pard\li4960\ri0\sl-133\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f2\charscalex100\ul {http://www.
ijser.org}\ul0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
133\margtsxn666\margbsxn160\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issu
e 12, December-2012
3 }\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ISSN 2229-}\fs16\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {5518}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws

xn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5813\colsr-0\colno2
\colw5626\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The plasticized sodium alginate solution
was }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poured int
o a petridish and solvent was }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {allowed to evaporate at room temperature by }\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {covering the petridish with
inverted glass }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {funnel, to avoid blistering effect on dried films. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-3
60\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The drug containing layer was prepar
ed by }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dissolvi
ng pectin in distilled water. Different }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concentrations of plasticizers and permeation }\p
ar\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {enhancers were a
dded. This solution was }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {poured onto the dried sodium alginate layer }\par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(i.e. backing layer) and allowed t
o dry at room }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t
emperature overnight. The sodium alginate }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {layer of the dried film was exposed to calcium }\p
ar\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chloride solution
to cross-link the film surface }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {and to provide unidirectional release. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4.}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {EVALUATION}\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {4.1 Buccal Absorption Test }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diclofenac sodium solution 2 mg was }\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prepared in 20 mL phosphat
e buffer (pH 7.4). }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {This solution was placed in the volunteer\uc1\u8217Xs }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mouth and with the movement of
cheeks and }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tong
ue, the solution was circulated for about }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {300-400 times round the mouth for 5 min. }\pa
r\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx3786\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Then the
solution was}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {expelled. The }\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {volunteers were instructed to qui
ckly rinse the }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
mouth with buffer solution (10 mL) for 10 sec }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {and expelled the rinsing solution. The expelled }
\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {solutions were c
ombined and used for analysis }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {after necessary dilutions. Appropriate blank }\par\pard\li11
33\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {solutions were}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {simultaneously prepared. The }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-373\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drug content was analyzed at}{ }\fs20\cf0\f3\char
scalex100 {\uc1\u61548X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {max 277 nm. }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4.2 }\b0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {Thic}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {kness Uniformity }\b
0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The thickness
of each film was measured using }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {thickness tester (screw gauge) at different}\par\column\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {positions of the film and the average was }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {calculated. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4.3 Swelling Studies }\b0 \par\pard\li0\

ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A drug-loaded film of 1 cm2 was w
eighed on a }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prewei
ghed cover slip. It was kept into a }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {petridish and 50 mL of phosphate buffer (pH }\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7.4) was added. After
every two min, the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cover-slip was removed and weighed again. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The difference in the final and initial w
eight }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gave the wei
ght increase due to absorption of }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {water and swelling of film. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4.4 Surface pH }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {For the surface pH determination, the patches
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {were left to swel
l for 2 h on the surface of the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {agar plate, prepared by dissolving 2% (w/v) }\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agar in warmed phosphate buffe
r of pH 7.4 }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {und
er stirring and then pouring the solution i}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n}\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {to the petridish till
gelling at room }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
temperature. The surface pH was measured }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {by means of pH paper placed on the surface of }\par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the swollen patch. The
mean of three readings }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {was recorded. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {4.5 Folding Endurance }\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {The folding endurance of the patches was }\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {determined by repeatedly folding one
patch at }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the sam
e place till it broke. The number of }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {times of film could be folded at the same place }\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {without breaking gave the
value of the folding }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {endurance. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{4.6 Drug Content Uniformity}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsx
n15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {IJSER 2012 }\pa
r\pard\li4960\ri0\sl-133\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f2\charscalex100\ul {http://www.ijser
.org}\ul0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\m
argtsxn666\margbsxn160\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 12,
December-2012
4 }\par\pard\li1133
\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ISSN 2229-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {5518}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn122
40\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw5813\colsr-0\colno2\colw
5626\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The films were tested for the content }\par\pa
rd\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uniformity. A film of
size 1 cm2 was cut and }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {placed in a beaker and 20 mL of phosphate }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl
-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buffer pH 7.4 solutions was placed.
The }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contents we
re warmed to dissolve the film. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The contents were transferred to a volumetric }\par\pard\l

i1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {flask. The absorbance of
the solution was }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {measured against the corresponding blank }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {solution at 277 nm. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4.7 In Vitro Release Study }\
b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A film of 1cm
2 size was cut and attached to a }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {glass slide with a few drops of phosphate }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buffer (pH 7.4). This slide was
kept at an angle }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {of 450C in a 250 mL beaker containing 100 mL }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) solution. T
he }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
5.}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {RESULTS}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {AND}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CONCLUSION }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The table 1.1 shows cumulative
% of drug }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rel
eased of different batches and figure 1.1 }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {shows its release graph. To find out the }\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mechanism of drug
release, and also to verify }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {the fact that whether diffusion is Fickian or }\par\pard\li113
3\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {non-Fickian, the in vitro disso
lution data of the }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ideal batches was plotted according to Peppas\uc1\u8217X }\par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {equation, in which log cumulati
ve percentage }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
of drug released was plotted against log time }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(fig 1.2). The in vitro release of dic
lofenac }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sodium
from films F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 were }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {about 86.44, 93.11, 95.32, 93.43 and 87.71 }\par\pard
\li1133\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {respectively, with in
3 h, in phosphate buffer, }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {beaker was kept on
magnetic stirrer and }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {temperature was maintained at 370C. Samples }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {were withdrawn periodically after removing }
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {the slide from t
he beaker. The solution was }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {stirred with a glass rod and 1 mL of sample }\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {was withdrawn using a graduated
pipette. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {The sli
de was quickly reintroduced into the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {beaker and 1 mL of the buffer was replaced }\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {immediately and the beake
r was kept covered }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{with a petridish to prevent evaporation of the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult
0 \*\tx746\*\tx1360\*\tx2333\*\tx3053\*\tx3813\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fluid.
}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Th}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e }\tab \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {samples}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {were }\tab \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {taken }\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {at }\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {predetermined intervals and analys
ed for drug }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conten
t at 277 nm. The release studies were }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducted for three times and average was }\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {determined. }\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult

0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pH 7.4. The release kinetics indicated fi
rst }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {order release
of drug from all formulations. All }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {the log-log plots, except those of F1 and F4 }\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {batches had slope values le
ss than 0.5, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ind
icating that the release of drug occurred }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {following Fickian diffusion without swelling. }
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In case of F1 and F
4, the mechanism of release }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {was found to be diffusion with swelling. Based }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-3
60\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on the results of all above studies
it can be }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concl
uded that the developed mucoadhesive }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buccal patches of diclofenac sodium can }\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sustain the drug release, im
prove the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bioavai
lability of the drug and overcome the }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {first pass metabolism of the drug. }\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-2
pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li5066\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {IJSER 2012 }\par\pard\li49
60\ri0\sl-133\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f2\charscalex100\ul {http://www.ijser.org}\ul0 \
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard
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Formulation and Evaluation of Buccal Patches of Diclofenac Sodium

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Formulation and Evaluation of Buccal Patches of Diclofenac Sodium

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