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DISLIPIDEMIA
Dr. I GD PALGUNADI, Sp.PD-FINASIM SMF PENYAKIT DALAM RSU PROVINSI NTB
Dislipidemia
Kelainan metabolisme lipid (lemak) yang ditandai dengan peningkatan maupun penurunan komponen lemak dalam darah
Etiologi
Dislipidemia Primer Genetik Dislipidemia sekunder : Diabetes Melitus Obesitas Sindrom Metabolik Sindrom Nefrotik
Dislipidemia
Ditandai dengan:
Kolesterol total
Trigliserida
Kolesterol LDL
Kolesterol HDL
Dyslipidemia :
1. 2. 3. 4. Total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl HDL-C < 40 mg/dl Triglyceride > 150mg/dl LDL-C:
Faktor Resiko 0-1 2 CHD and CHD risk equivalent
NCEP-ATP III Report. JAMA 2001;285:2486-2497
LDL
(Low Density Lipoprotein)
LDL kolesterol
BERBAHAYA karena merupakan cikal bakal terjadinya proses Aterosklerosis
LDL kolesterol
LDL teroksidasi
berbahaya
7
LDL kolesterol
LDL kolesterol:
subkelas partikel
(27,2 - 28,5 nm) (26,5 - 27,2 nm) (25,6 - 26,5 nm) (24,7 - 25,6 nm) (24,2 - 24,7 nm) (23,3 - 24,2 nm) (22,0 - 23,3 nm)
9
10
11
cholesterol poor
Apo B
(pattern B)
A LDL particle contains one molecule of apo B, and over 90 % of serum apo B is LDL-apo B. Thus, serum apo B almost indicates LDL particle number.
LDL-cholesterol divided by serum apo B (LDL-C/apo B) reflects cholesterol content in a LDL particle. Since small dense LDL is cholesterol-poor particle, the LDL-C/apo B ratio is decreased.
13
VLDL
endothelium LDL
sd LDL
liver
oxidized LDL
macrophage
14
Liver and/or
Periphery
Triglyceride Clearance
Lipoprotein Lipase
Small VLDL
Lipoprotein Lipase
Large LDL
Remnants
HDL
small LDL
IDL
HDL2
Oxidation
15 1994 Current Opinion in Lipidology
Artery
influx
Proteoglycan binding
Aterosklerosis
Faktor yang berperan: Multifaktoral Faktor Utama: Dislipidemia
16
Atherosclerosis Timeline:
Endothelial Dysfunction
Foam Cells Fatty Streak Intermediate Atheroma Lesion Fibrous Complicated Plaque Lesion/Rupture
Endothelial Dysfunction
Endothelial dysfunction
Inflammation
Oxidation
CRP=C-reactive protein; LDL-C=low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Libby P. Circulation. 2001;104:365-372; Ross R. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115-126.
Tuzcu EM, Kapadia SR, Tutar E, et al. High Prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Teenagers And Young Adults: EvidenceFrom Intravascular Ultrasound. Circulation 2001;103:2705-2710
From a prospective analysis of 1886 patients aged 62 years, 810 patients were diagnosed with CAD as defined by a documented clinical history of MI, ECG evidence of Q-wave MI, or typical angina without previous (Adapted from Aronow et al.) Aronow WSMI. et al, Am J Cardiol , 1994.
FAKTOR RISIKO
Merokok Hipertensi
Riwayat
Ada keluarga langsung yang terkena serangan jantung di usia muda: Laki-laki (ayah, kakak, adik) sebelum usia 55 tahun Wanita (Ibu, kakak, adik) sebelum usia 65 tahun
Usia
Laki-laki
X5.3 X8.7
Merokok X1.7
Bila 2 atau lebih faktor risiko bergabung, maka risiko terjadinya CV events menjadi lebih besar
Kannel WB. In: Genest J, et al, eds. Hypertension: Physiopathology and Treatment. New York, NY: McGraw Hill;1977:888-910.
Diabetics
Non-diabetics
20 0 0 1 2 3
6 4 2 0 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL) 300
Murabito JM, Evans JC, Larson MG, et al. Prognosis After the Onset of Coronary Heart Disease. An Investigation of Differences In Outcome Between the Sexes According To Initial Coronary Disease Presentation. Circulation 1993;88:2548-2555
6 4 2 0
< 160
>280
Prevalensi Stroke
Ischemic Stroke
Thrombotic stroke Embolic stroke
83%
69% - 78% 5% - 14%
Hemorrhagic stroke
Intracerebral hemorrhage Subarrachnoid hemorrhage
17%
10% 7%
NA
PENATALAKSANAAN DISLIPIDEMIA
DISLIPIDEMIA
TARGET LIPID
LDL-C: Primary target of therapy
Risk factor
0-1 2 CHD and CHD risk equivalent
LDL-C
< 160 mg/dl < 130 mg/dl < 100 mg/dl
70 mg/dl
Total cholesterol < 200 mg/dl HDL-C > 40 mg/dl Triglyceride < 150mg/dl
NCEP-ATP III Report. JAMA 2001;285:2486-2497 Grundy SM, et al. NCEP Report. Circulation 2004;110:227-239
Gaya hidup sehat Periksa ulang setiap 1-2th Atau 3-5 th bila LDL <130 mg/dL
6 minggu
Bila sasaran LDL blm tercapai, intensifkan obat hipollipidemik atau rujuk ke spesialis
Obati faktor rsisiko lipid lainnya (TG / HDL)
Pemilihan Obat
7%-30%
LDL 15%-30%
HDL 3%-5%
TG Nicotinic acid , No change, or increase
Fibric acid
40 mg
10 mg
p0.05
p0.05
Ator
Simva
Lova
Prava
Fluva
Pemilihan STATIN
P<0,01
10
P<0,001
P<0,001
P<0,001
5 0 Rosuvastatin Simvastatin
P<0,001
Pravastatin
P<0,001
Atorvastatin
5 0 R osuv astatin
P<0,001
P<0,001
P<0,001
Sim v astatin
Prav astatin
Atorv astatin
Sim v astatin
Prav astatin
Atorv astatin
KESIMPULAN
Primary prevention lebih menguntungkan daripada penatalaksanaan sesudah adanya penyulit LDL adalah target utama terapi dislipidemia Statin adalah pilihan utama dalam pengobatan dislipidemia Dalam pemilihan statin yang baik, penurunan lipid paramater saja tidak cukup, tapi harus: Mampu menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas