INGLS

LESSON 1 PRESENT PERFECT (LIO 1 PRESENTE PERFEITO)

Usa-se o Present Perfect para expressar a) aes que aconteceram num tempo indefinido no passado. comum, nesse caso, usar advrbios como lately (ultimamente) e recently (recentemente). Ex: I have studied English recently. (Eu tenho estudado/ estudei ingls recentemente). b) aes que comearam no passado e continuam at o presente. Ex: He has worked here since 2001. (Ele tem trabalhado / trabalha aqui desde 2001). c) aes que aconteceram durante um determinado perodo no passado. Ex: They have lived in Braslia for 5 years. (Eles moraram em Braslia durante 5 anos). d) aes que aconteceram vrias vezes no passado. Ex: She has visited So Paulo many times. (Ela visitou So Paulo vrias vezes). Forma Afirmativa O Present Perfect um tempo composto (possui dois verbos) e formado pelo presente simples do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have) e o particpio passado do verbo principal. Esse tempo verbal considerado difcil, pois no h um equivalente exato em portugus, alm de ser muito usado na lngua inglesa. Por isso, o importante aprender quando usar esse tempo verbal. O particpio passado dos verbos regulares igual ao passado simples, ou seja, usa-se a terminao ED e suas regras. Entretanto, o particpio passado dos verbos irregulares no segue regras havendo a necessidade de consultar a lista de verbos irregulares. Observe a conjugao de dois verbos no Present Perfect na tabela abaixo: to work = trabalhar to go = ir Conjugao Forma Conjugao Forma Contrada Contrada I have Ive I have gone Ive gone worked worked You have Youve You have Youve worked worked gone gone He has Hes He has gone Hes gone worked worked She has Shes She has Shes
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worked It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked

worked Its worked Weve worked Youve worked Theyve worked

gone It has gone We have gone You have gone They have gone

gone Its gone Weve gone Youve gone Theyve gone

Lembre-se de que a 3 pessoa do singular do verbo to have has, ou seja, quando o sujeito for He (ele), She (ela) ou It (ele/ela) usa-se has. Cuidado com as contraes: Hes, Shes e Its, pois o s pode ser a contrao do verbo is ou do verbo has. Ex: Hes very happy. (Ele est muito feliz). Hes traveled a lot. (Ele tem viajado muito). Forma Negativa Para se formar frases negativas no Present Perfect, basta acrescentar a partcula de negao not depois do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have). A forma contrada to verbo to have com a partcula de negao tambm possvel no Present Perfect. Observe a tabela abaixo com a conjugao de dois verbos. to work = trabalhar to go = ir Forma Forma Forma Forma Negativa Contrada Negativa Contrada I have not I havent I have not I havent worked worked gone gone You have You havent You have You havent not worked worked not gone gone He has not He hasnt He has not He hasnt worked worked gone gone She has not She hasnt She has not She hasnt worked worked gone gone It has not It hasnt It has not It hasnt worked worked gone gone We have We havent We have We havent not worked worked not gone gone You have You havent You have You havent not worked worked not gone gone They have They They have They not worked havent not gone havent worked gone

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Forma Interrogativa Para formar frases interrogativas, deve-se inverter a posio do pronome (sujeito) com o verbo auxiliar to have (has / have) e incluir o ponto de interrogao no final da frase. Observe a conjugao de dois verbos na forma interrogativa na tabela abaixo. to work = trabalhar Have I worked ? Have you worked? Has he worked? Has she worked? Has it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked? to go = ir Have I gone ? Have you gone ? Has he gone? Has she gone? Has it gone? Have we gone? Have you gone? Have they gone?

Short Answers (Respostas Curtas) to work = Short Answer Short trabalhar Sim Answer No Have I worked ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Have you worked? Yes, you have. No, you havent. Has he worked? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Has she worked? Yes, she has. No, she hasnt. Has it worked? Yes, it has. No, it hasnt. Have we worked? Yes, we have. No, we havent. Have you worked? Yes, you have. No, you havent. Have they worked? Yes, they have. No, they havent. to go = ir Have I gone ? Have you gone ? Has he gone? Has she gone? Has it gone? Have we gone? Have you gone? Have they gone? Short Answer Sim Yes, I have. Yes, you have. Yes, he has. Yes, she has. Yes, it has. Yes, we have. Yes, you have. Yes, they have. Short Answer No No, I havent. No, you havent. No, he hasnt. No, she hasnt. No, it hasnt. No, we havent. No, you havent. No, they havent.

Expresses usadas no Present Perfect Expresso Traduo Exemplo since desde I have studied English since January. (Eu estudo ingls desde janeiro) for por, durante We have studied English for two years. (Ns estudamos ingls por/durante dois anos) just acabar de He has just arrived from acontecer London. (Ele acabou de chegar de Londres) already j They have already arrived. (Eles j chegaram) Have they already arrived? (Eles j chegaram?) yet j, ainda no They havent arrived yet. (Eles ainda no chegaram) Have they arrived yet? (Eles j chegaram?) ever alguma vez Have you ever been to Miami? (Voc alguma vez j esteve em Miami?) never nunca I have never been to Miami. (Eu nunca estive em Miami). recently recentemente She hasnt studied English recently. (Ela no tem estudado ingls recentemente). lately ultimamente We have gone out a lot lately. (Ns estamos saindo muito ultimamente).
ESTUDO DIRIGIDO

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Quando usado o Present Perfect? Como formada a afirmativa do Present Perfect? Como so as formas negativa e interrogativa do Present Perfect?

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EXERCCIOS RESOLVIDOS

Complete as frases abaixo usando os verbos em parntese no Present Perfect. Depois, marque a alternativa que tenha a seqncia correta dos verbos. I The baby ______________ (to cry). II Alan ____________ (to finish) the exercise. III Bob and Ted _____ (to spend) much money. a) has cried has finished have spent. b) have cried has finished has spent. c) have cried have finished has spent. d) has cried have finished have spent. Resoluo: O Present Perfect formado pelo presente simples do verbo to have (have / has) e pelo particpio passado do verbo principal. Assim, na primeira frase usa-se has, pois o sujeito The baby (o beb), e cried (verbo regular terminado em y). O sujeito da segunda frase Alan (ele) ento deve-se usar has e finished (verbo regular). E na ltima frase usase have, pois o sujeito Bob and Ted (eles), e spent (verbo irregular). Assim, a resposta correta a letra a. 2 Marque a alternativa cuja frase esteja no Present Perfect. a) They played tennis. b) Susan didnt sleep at home. c) She has cooked our lunch. d) I have a terrible headache. Resoluo: O Present Perfect um tempo verbal composto em ingls, ou seja, formado por dois verbos: o verbo to have no presente simples (have / has) e o particpio passado do verbo principal. Analisando os verbos das frases temos: o verbo da primeira frase played, que est no passado simples; o verbo da segunda frase didnt sleep, que est na forma negativa do passado; o verbo da terceira frase has cooked, que est no present perfect e o ltimo verbo have, que est no presente. Assim, a resposta correta a letra c.
EXERCCIOS

Qual a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase Rose ______________ here for five years no Present Perfect? a) have live. b) has lived. c) have lived. d) has live. Marque a alternativa que complete corretamente a frase ________ Robert ___________ another song? no Present Perfect. a) Has wrote b) Have written c) Have wrote d) Has written Marque a alternativa que complete corretamente a frase Joe and I _______________ to study Math no Present Perfect. a) havent stopped b) not have stopped c) has not stopped d) has stopped not Qual a forma interogativa da frase The children have visited their grandparents? a) Has the children visited their grandparents? b) Have the children visited their grandparents? c) The children visited their grandparents? d) The have the children visited their grandparents? Qual a forma negativa da frase She has gone to Italy? a) She has gone not to Italy. b) Not she has gone to Italy. c) She not has gone to Italy. d) She has not gone to Italy. Complete a frase They have worked here _____ 2001 com o advrbio adequado. a) since b) to c) for d) just Qual a resposta correta da frase Have you told him the news?? a) Yes, I did. b) Yes, I do. c) Yes, I have. d) Yes, I told.

Qual a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase They ________________ vegetables no Present Perfect? a) have eat. b) has eat. c) have eaten. d) has eat.

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Transformando a frase They havent been to Canada yet para a 3 pessoa do singular ser: a) She didnt been to Canada yet. b) She doesnt been to Canada yet. c) She hasnt been to Canada yet. d) She havent been to Canada yet.

e incluir o ponto de interrogao no final da frase. Ex: Has she written many books? (Ela escreveu muitos livros?). Exerccios 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C B D A B D A C C

10 Julgue C (certo) ou E (errado) as afirmaes abaixo e depois marque a alternativa com a seqncia correta. 1 O Present Perfect um tempo verbal que expressa, basicamente, uma ao iniciada no presente e que continua no futuro. 2 Usa-se o Present Perfect para uma ao passada quando h a indicao de quando essa ao aconteceu. 3 Quando queremos fazer perguntas com o verbo no Present Perfect usamos o verbo auxiliar Do ou Does no incio da frase. 4 Para formar uma frase negativa no Present Perfect, usa-se a partcula de negao antes do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have). a) C, C, E, E b) E, E, E, E c) E, E, C, C d) C, C, C, C
GABARITO

10 B
CURIOSITY (CURIOSIDADE)

BREAD = Po Que confuso pode acontecer quando o brasileiro vai para o exterior e pede um bread. Os nativos do idioma ingls raramente usam a palavra bread, porque ela bastante genrica. Existe bread em vrias formas. Por exemplo, o nosso pozinho francs em ingls chamado de roll (porque a massa de po enrolada antes de ser assada). Um po de frma um loaf e uma fatia de po slice. Um po de frma fatiado, portanto, um sliced loaf. Um po de hamburger um bun. Dessa maneira, preste ateno em como pedir po em ingls: Loaf po de frma Loaf baguete Slice fatia Sliced loaf po de frma fatiado Bun po de hamburger Roll pozinho francs Soft roll po para cachorro-quente Small roll bisnaguinha

Estudo dirigido 1 O Present Perfect usado para expressar aes que aconteceram num tempo indefinido no passado, para expressar aes que comearam no passado e continuam at o presente, para expressar aes que aconteceram durante um determinado perodo no passado e para expressar aes que aconteceram vrias vezes no passado. O Present Perfect formado pelo presente simples do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have) e o particpio passado do verbo principal. O particpio passado dos verbos regulares igual ao passado simples, usa-se a terminao ED e suas regras. E o particpio passado dos verbos irregulares no segue regras, havendo a necessidade de consultar a lista de verbos irregulares. Ex: She has written many books. (Ela escreveu muitos livros). Para se formar frases negativas no Present Perfect, basta acrescentar a partcula de negao not depois do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have). Ex: She has not written many books. (Ela no escreveu muitos livros). E para formar frases interrogativas, deve-se inverter a posio do pronome (sujeito) com o verbo auxiliar to have (has / have)
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