ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULIC STUCTURES IN ANSYS

Muhammad Adil Javed WAREM Generation 2011

WHAT IS FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

For many engineering problems analytical solutions are not suitable because of the complexity of the material properties, the boundary conditions and the structure itself. The basis of the finite element method is the representation of a body or a structure by an assemblage of subdivisions called finite elements. The Finite Element Method translates partial differential equation problems into a set of linear algebraic equations.

Stiffness matrix

Nodal Displacement Vector

Nodal Vector Force

INTRODUCTION TO

ANSYS

ANSYS is a general purpose finite element modeling package for numerically solving a wide variety of mechanical problems. These problems include: static/dynamic structural analysis (both linear and non-linear), heat transfer and fluid problems, as well as acoustic and electromagnetic problems. This tutorial will walk you through the static analysis of a simple concrete gravity dam. This will show you how you can create geometry, define element types, assign physical properties, mesh the model, conduct static analysis and perform postprocessing.

ANALYSIS IN ANSYS
Like in any numerical simulator, Performing Analysis in Ansys can also be divided in three major stages i.e.

PreProcessing

Analysis

PostProcessing

PROCEDURE SUMMARY
Pre-processing Analysis Post-processing

Start Ansys

Specify Title
Define Element Types Define material Properties and Real Constants Generate Model Geometry Mesh Geometry Apply Loads and Boundary Conditions

Set Analysis Type (i.e. Static, View and Process Results Modal, Harmonic, Frequency Contour Plots Responce...) Vector Plots Set Analysis Preferences accordingly Start Analysis
Plot Graphs Etc...

ANALYSIS IN ANSYS
Solid or Shell ? Free or structured ?
Static, Modal, Harmonic ??
Boundary Conditions Post Processing

Geometry

Element Type

Material Properties

Mesh Definition

Analysis

Isotropic or anisotropic ?

Fixed, roller or free ? Loads.

GEOMETRY AND ELEMENT TYPE

The Geometry and element type have to be considered together. Shell element are typically used for structure where the thickness is negligible compare to its length and width. Nevertheless, a plate modeled with solid element would provide similar results. The disadvantage lies in computation time. Ansys provides a large choices of elements. In fact ANSYS element library consists of more than 100 different element formulations or types.

SHELL181

SHELL281

SOLID185

DAM CROSS-SECTION

SCHEMATIC
PARAMETERS
a = 55 mb = 41 m (Width)
c = 4 m (Service Road) x = 0.70 (chosen from 0.7 0.8) y=1 L = 400 m

Geometry

There are two way in which you can command ANSYS, one way is to use GUI and the other way is by using APDL code.
Bottom to Top strategy

Key points

Lines

Areas

Volumes

MAIN GUI
Main Menu [Controls in which phase of Analysis you are]

Geometry

Creating KP by commands
K, NPT, X, Y, Z Defines a keypoint. k,1,0,0,0 k,2,41,0,0 k,3,4,51,0 k,4,4,55,0 k,5,0,55,0

Creating KP by GUI

Geometry

In the same way, lines, areas and volumes can be generated

L, P1, P2, Defines a line between two kp. L,1,2 L,2,3 L,3,4 L,4,5 L,5,1 AL, L1, L2, L3, Generates an area bounded by previously defined lines. AL,1,2,3,4,5

VOFFST, NAREA, DIST, Generates a volume, offset from a given area.

VOFFST,1,-1,

Element Type

Or by just using command

ET, ITYPE, Ename, Defines a local element type from the element library. ET,1,SOLID185 ET,2,SOLID185
3 1

Material Properties

Creating Variables in APDL

Density_conc = 2250 EX_conc = 15e9 Poiss_conc=0.2 Density_rock = 2640 EX_rock = 15e9 Poiss_rock=0.15 desnity_water = 1000 !Density of Concrete in [kg/m^3] !Modulus of Elasticity for concrete [N/m^2] !Poisson's Ratio for concrete (0.1 - 0.2) !Density of Bottom rock in [kg/m^3] !Modulus of Elasticity for concrete [N/m^2] !Poisson's Ratio for concrete (0.1 - 0.2) ! [kg/m^3]

Element Type

MP, Lab, MAT, C0, C1, C2, C3, C4 Defines a linear material property as a constant or a function of temperature.

MP,EX,1,EX_conc MP,DENS,1,Density_conc MP,NUXY,1,Poiss_conc

MP,EX,2,EX_rock MP,DENS,2,Density_rock MP,NUXY,2,Poiss_rock

Mesh Definition

Two Types of Meshing

Structured Meshing

Unstructured/Free Meshing

Mesh Definition

Free Meshing

Unstructured Meshing on Dam slice

LESIZE, NL1, SIZE, ANGSIZ, NDIV, SPACE, Specifies the divisions and spacing ratio on unmeshed lines.
LESIZE,1,,,50 LESIZE,6,,,50 LESIZE,2,,,50 LESIZE,7,,,50 LESIZE,5,,,50 LESIZE,10,,,50 LESIZE,3,,,10 LESIZE,8,,,10 LESIZE,4,,,10 LESIZE,9,,,10 LESIZE,11,,,2 LESIZE,12,,,2 LESIZE,13,,,2 LESIZE,14,,,2 VMESH,ALL

Mesh Definition

Structured Meshing

Structured Meshing on Dam slice

LESIZE, NL1, SIZE, ANGSIZ, NDIV, SPACE, Specifies the divisions and spacing ratio on unmeshed lines.
LESIZE,1,,,20 LESIZE,2,,,20 LESIZE,3,,,3 LESIZE,3,,,3 LESIZE,4,,,3 LESIZE,5,,,26 VOFFST,1,1, , VSWEEP,1,1,2

Boundary Conditions

Hydrostatic Pressure Uplift Pressure

max_hydrostatic =desnity_water*9.81*A max_hydrostaticBottom =desnity_water*9.81*B*0.7

SFGRAD,PRES,0,Y,0,-1*(max_hydrostatic/A) nsel,s,loc,x,0 SF,ALL,PRES,max_hydrostatic

nsel,s,loc,y,0 SFGRAD,PRES,0,x,0,-1*(max_hydrostaticBottom/B) SF,ALL,PRES,max_hydrostaticBottom

! Select nodes for pressure application ! Apply Pressure at all selected nodes: ! Select nodes for pressure application

! Apply Pressure at all selected nodes:

Boundary Conditions

Hydrostatic Pressure

Uplift Pressure

Boundary Conditions

Fixed BC on bottom of Dam Slice

NSEL NSEL, Type, Item, Comp, VMIN, VMAX, VINC Selects a subset of nodes.
nsel,s,loc,y,0

D D, NODE, Lab, VALUE, VALUE2, NEND, NINC, Defines degree-of-freedom constraints at nodes.
D,all,,0,

Analysis

Starting a Static Analysis

/SOL ANTYPE,0 SOLVE

1 2

PostProcessing

3 2

 Deformed Shape

Contour Plots

Deformation in X dir

Von Mises Stress

Vector Plots

Displacement Vectors

Graphical Plots

Vertical Distance vs Displacement

Download APDL File

http://goo.gl/LTSZLj

Thanks ! !