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©
2005 Paul Dawkins
Algebra Cheat Sheet
Basic Properties & Facts
Arithmetic Operations
( )
,0
b abab ac a b c ac caa a acbbc bc bca c ad bc a c ad bcb d bd b d bd a b b a a b a bc d d c c c caab ac ad bb c aca bcd
æ ö+ = + =ç ÷è øæ öç ÷è ø= =æ öç ÷è ø+ -+ = - =- - += = +- -æ öç ÷+è ø= + ¹ =æ öç ÷è ø
Exponent Properties
( )
( )
( )
( )
11
0
11, 011
nmm m
nn m n m n mm m nmn nmnnnn nnn nn nn nnnnn
aa a a aa aa a a aa aab a bb ba aa aa b ba a ab a a
+ -----
= = == = ¹æ ö= =ç ÷è ø= =æ ö æ ö= = = =ç ÷ ç ÷è ø è ø
Properties of Radicals
1
,if is odd,if is even
n
n n n nnmn nmnnn nn n
a a ab a ba aa abba a n
a a n
= == ===
Properties of Inequalities
If thenandIf and 0 then andIf and 0 then and
a b a c b c a c b ca ba b c ac bcc ca ba b c ac bcc c
< + < + - < -< > < << < > >
Properties of Absolute Value
if 0if 0
a aaa a
³ì=í- <î
0Triangle Inequality
a a aaaab a bb ba b a b
³ - == =+ £ +
Distance Formula
If
( )
111
,
P x y
=
and
( )
222
,
P x y
=
are two points the distance between them is
( ) ( ) ( )
22122121
,
d P P x x y y
= - + -
Complex Numbers
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( )( )( )( )
22222
2
11,0Complex ModulusComplex Conjugate
i i a i a aa bi c di a c b d ia bi c di a c b d ia bi c di ac bd ad bc ia bi a bi a ba bi a ba bi a bia bi a bi a bi
= - = - - = ³+ + + = + + ++ - + = - + -+ + = - + ++ - = ++ = ++ = -+ + = +
©
2005 Paul Dawkins
Logarithms and Log Properties
Definition
log is equivalent to
yb
y x x b
= =
Example
35
log1253 because 5125
= =
Special Logarithms
10
lnlognatural logloglogcommon log
e
x x x x
==
where 2.718281828
e
=
K
Logarithm Properties
( )
( )
log
log1log10logloglogloglogloglogloglog
b
b b x xbr b bb b bb b b
bb x b x x r x xy x y x x y y
= == === +æ ö= -ç ÷è ø
The domain of log
b
x
is 0
x
>
Factoring and Solving
Factoring Formulas
( )( )( )( )( ) ( )( )
222222222
22
x a x a x a x ax a x a x ax a x a x a b x ab x a x b
- = + -+ + = +- + = -+ + + = + +
( )( )( )
( )
( )
( )
332233322333223322
3333
x ax a x a x a x ax a x a x a x a x a x ax a x a x a x ax a
+ + + = +- + - = -+ = + - +- = - + +
( )( )
22
n n n n n n
x a x a x a
- = - +
If
n
is odd then,
( )
( )
( )
( )
12112231
n n n n nn nn n n n
x a x a x ax a x a x a x ax a x a
- - -- - - -
- = - + + ++= + - + - +
LL
Quadratic Formula
Solve
2
0
ax bx c
+ + =
, 0
a
¹
2
42
b b ac xa
- ± -=
If
2
40
b ac
- >
- Two real unequal solns.If
2
40
b ac
- =
- Repeated real solution.If
2
40
b ac
- <
- Two complex solutions.
Square Root Property
If
2
x p
=
then
x p
= ±
Absolute Value Equations/Inequalities
If
b
is a positive number or or
p b p b p b p b b p b p b p b p b
= Þ = - =< Þ - < <> Þ < - >
Completing the Square
Solve
2
26100
x x
- - =
(1) Divide by the coefficient of the
2
x
2
350
x x
- - =
(2) Move the constant to the other side.
2
35
x x
- =
(3) Take half the coefficient of
x
, squareit and add it to both sides
222
339293552244
x x
æ ö æ ö- + - = + - = + =ç ÷ ç ÷è ø è ø
(4) Factor the left side
2
32924
x
æ ö- =ç ÷è ø
(5) Use Square Root Property32929242
x
- = ± = ±
(6) Solve for
x
32922
x
= ±
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