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- CHOI Bo re coy cesralcdl, det suntiguata ewe 1, Giernaldeids Rm ctefars) are acu de carton cu congue 8 ig. 163), fn scidul let odinea desereseinds a priority substituent ‘Bnantlomert estroge are. carbon Shiral 1 (cchdeven peiortigit in sensul rotint ecelor ceasorniealu I ‘Snautiomeral levogit configeajia atomelal de carbon este fieyte ie 3632). " a - D, —Negull pentru uslizaresformlsor de proeeie Fisher 1a"Crea coniigratioe pce te saat crane (oureie Du) at gale ear esis pata To leith Ss ac haters tropa OH ye be vinta (ce x step etna repertory cu rapes GHYOH pCO i es to otspas eu lege oenate a su) eum rgula expos In {162.0 poet eta shin "atl on ea nrc, done sohod nest peat 8 he tear pasa ae Caper de jon nel vere, Back neces iubnttwno, conor ert Ge pirate, maoe 416, Stereochimie 1. Chiralitate. Acticitete option {tn sensu rotirl seclor ceatomicnlai,configuratia atomlal de carbon va 41 KeDact ruceesunca ese Invete oti geeor ceacoraicu, configu. jis stomalul de earbon va fl 8 (tig. 10.38). be An be 4 f bit § as, He = iB Be = a Bes 183 “oy i! > "ig, 1635 ~ Cotesia Gnaecereamtanee, B, —Notaren configuratilor la molecule eu mal multe eentee ehirale Meer oi atom! de carton sie ao form ie i 0 so ite Rec til oa een ‘tral rout opie nl eu configura storaor de tbe seme she ‘eta ficate tom de carton i pate consign ti is sable soto Sana de Gabor. Sagres cu ae yw ph gle aoe Soa Br oiS ta ‘De czonph In 2 dierent pirates, mbaenr a atx sal ar ev yee natn CS cnc A'S a a Momal Cy otnee C1 CHOC, > Gat, Ss i Fein e N ee tie G5, 35) te GF, IM) CIS reo ARS) © moritate petra sable contgurfitcoms in notre ato: ae Soe sam ef ato de Hirogen, cu piontaten co mal i, ao orient in pat, apo ura enol fa carescade portage ‘Dever! penta for {yw dn namie are contguate 8,38 ire recon {file avere 32, 32 (ig: ay Bnantiomert erro an conizraile 28, 3 gi 2M, 38 di. 26.85, 1620). (O ales modalcate, care mu necasth een former de contig , nia hua tse ret folio de prokerie Feber ‘ind rege doi la aragrtal enter, Sofa perma Beco 16, Stereochimie J, Chiralitate, Activiate oped. ‘80 srs ade atomulde drogen pe ina vera a ‘poactag mibaiteohot in taper Tie oreo Bach destroyers Guede ee Py at ak ae Q naa u pepe eae ea area lou) contiguia extn RO deserter in wens invers repens 0 condewafe De ex, petra stabilves configuraie treozl ertrozel se stabieste te eee ee: "ee catbon Go euandomell teed Wal ‘erie est 0 ei 0 aw 1 eed vot a ation ot ebon wood nto bon dou Saxon bao (amas Coma yaks aa vente (4) Gu, 352) avemie (2) QS, 857)16, Stereochimie Il. Chralitate, Actictate opt o Teaegabee, conteent eoouba, ‘kcOHoxO) Cee « ti, o£. des fa st ata actor cl do stom carbon fu vole ‘mortaetae a Hae eee Shs tentnenens Od ODOM =OHOMOSBH). coon a i tesa Naga N™ an kh En 16 DESPRE ONELE MOLECULE CU CHUNALITATE, ANTAL Au chimlitate asials unt contormeri(v. fig. 166).Ca orice contr. meri ceo nt st eparabil , deoaree e© fis tot inpal In contiti wo Crate im atom &¢onrbon atime Db: xsaxty ay tin ‘Formarea racemicilor se, datoreashfaptului ch moleculé prochin prune motu out pi eevee per waco! reactant een ee ess ee oir sere ae Pe acerca... | Merona oan tae roe rc cn Pompeu samen eaten, |r er cS gr ae 2a | ee ‘eelor dot enantiomeri. Aid on | ». racemiek din tiomeri. Racemisarea, 8 Fe ce mec mame sme, (MMe est ace Formares racemicilor din compusi achirali repreginté mersul “enantiomer. i In avert cas trebuie ak se dispund de enanth396 16, Stereochimie I Chralitte. Activites optic agomiserea const im tramsformatea reverabilt wa enantiomer reacts ae Sas bie ee ee oe mats ‘Tamlomare weal ceatoner I rc, Recemizaten poate fi urmieitt prin seidara treptat @ rotaie, optico a enantiomesnil eate se nccrazeaai ont aetna ee ae ‘Racemizara poate fi tolals (amestecul confine 50% existiomer +4) 41 60M smantiomor (—); Totatla speifet este Zero) tk paral in tose mai exact ensatiomes care mtu iccmizat ines Foals speck fish difers de rem) Tas transforinare wo eiantiomer in celia, in curs racemiziei, ‘ro Joo schimbren cofiguratie atomulu do carbon chit. Aceata implied Tiperes une legitur eovalubs dela cent chin efaceres ota deen olla terwedralal Ia eare fost inal (©. nversia contgurs oy $1.1 A). i Rucowizirle sint in mara lor majoritate react catailzate do ‘oie sade Daas le dcourg prin intermedia estat eu structed plan (Gatboeation’, earbaniont eu stractursplsmf, radial liber) in care exist, {dous foje serootopice echivatonte. Un exemplu de racemiaare” prin intermeiat cationic ese redat fn fig, 16.19, Aive exemple, ¥- subetityia SNI. $17.71. ‘ yh = hb = 1 sk, —Heemiy pe lntemaal ad crtoatan lan, ‘Racennieiet prin intermediart anioniet (cashaniont stabliath prin cconjugite) vor dicatate la cap. compisi casboulict st eompust catbo- silo (re $0846 9 20.32.4)- TRactaizarea yspontani, 9 ate le aparent wre interventic sin ata eot do fapt toto reach cacalizat (de ack sade baze) tn rare Gotalentoral este iusi 0 imapurtste nedessath in enantiomeral ut sai {ineor! poste f-chigr 9 grapage din moletnia enaitoneratl, RacorteAele ‘pontade at oe In soleeue care tro gor tn tatermedial plas 16 Stereochimie Il Chiraltate,Aetiviate optics tomes conformational Barre ds ene sown fan es We BELA st 16a0). Th molecule ou mai mle centre chiral pot le muceares di singur centr chit, Fenouentl posta epimerisare iat stereolzomert formal (dlasterslzaea) set Stor (ig 16-45) ae OH one, tesarona ‘Bpimeriaaren este un fenomenfreevent inti in ehimia hide de carbon fp 3). ! e. Proprieaite rmcemivior, Weacemicii sini optic ins compensare-fatera ean w-rmafie speifice 9 co fl nstae ici, solujiesanin stare gononsh, propeetsie cen fit dante eu cele Ale ensntiomerior (oar singel ele Int ware ervaliznts ae snting mai male tipast de facemil I fe proce diatre moleculele Tacemicior yale eusutinnet ametria tipo rele evstalin, ifn proper ae ss ene ote setercsae nakcc he neocon pa fas ica see9s 436, Stersohimie I. Chiraitte. iitateopties 4g . pone de ere saitce re 1e.— Diam pct dete ance ERG pes cen ren ated coun ce ee (ett lat ar ct te amet pat forma cance agg See neue tera feongiooer) 2 HAO Poe Shite: “d, Mele entra sparares (seindaree) 1 cenieiar in enantiomers, Deonrece enantiomesit ‘ine Tormenal'tn racemic au toute, proprietaie fine pchimice idence, cu exceptia wenaulal tv Sire tere planal lamin polstante, separates ‘Stndmceror Gin racemic hu se poate fave ct etoile chimien sau zie curente ay eh ‘Sepurtrea mecauied a ristallar, apleata Fe can, — yma de Pasteur fa cartratl de soit el amon, Fe. 2e20, = Daermee ice 0 meiod picts, caving mai degra ods ae rk ogee stone” Delf cnt _pufiie saat ‘ier eistalienad in englomerate separable Seporaren prin transformart tw diasterctcomert. Tiastereoizemeris ‘an, spre eoncbive de enantiomer propretal fizce diferte (puncte de ‘Hnsbey punete de topiey slubilidqe at epectte fete), In general eperistacaah. tu viese aifeite chiar cu wh Teactant achiral. Pe tht tnoprictat! le diasereolomerior se basetzh metoda cea) mei importa apiee ee mor iB de + oie xationes Micloda e separare imple urmitoarele operat: trataren race- rmicutu su um revetane optic nets (aed sat bao) et cae forme cite mica Sean din cet do egantionvst (sarunte celor doi enantiomer int compan dastereoizomety deck paral), veparanes prin crstalizare Enon s dastereizomerilor in stare pur (de obieet se separ ea facta aclu fal eiberatca euanttanera pur din diaeereoia0- i. ee 16, Stereochimie Il Chraltate,Actviateoptict oe inet, O olapi suplimentard este recuperamaa ractivulul optic aetiy, de ‘he! ut prods mata [PR OALOME OAOD PAH eo SS ‘Reactivi optic activi folositi pontra separate de enantiomer di rvceril st ed os bane naturale nia stuelle, Petra separarea bazclor (opr Sep sc spt active naturale sg sivtetice(ehinina, bracint,ciucouin, ee dino, feta et). ‘Pentru scindnrea alcool oplie acti se wtiizensi o variant, care alepola ete transform ag nen inonoestr a aida fai se ceine ngrupa carbo deci poate forma sare diastereokomners ‘eno baad opie activa (fig. 10.31). Dap separare, se regenerea2t aleoolal pun bil. i Berernaen atm, é oo es, : AY, ee Sinden aminmelior cae ay coracer amber (~S12 neces transforms fe 4 grape! amin fie © grupel caeboxilintrn erieat Cuncfimal sap! trafaren cu aeidul sat eq asa optic acti, $100" —> (29 Hoo. ry |-RCHOLE a8 =) HLN—IK-COOR, Compusi carboniil, neat, se transform’ In semicarbasone subati- tite en grape acide capable at de, cu base optic active, sara diastereo- Somere (tg. 10.32) co-w-f \)-so0 14:4, — reo lay em een400 416, Stereoehimle 11, Chiraltte, Activitate opted soa sierece Astwerner SNE IsDUETHT ASKER ‘0h nuinele esate aimetrice sa indi asinetrce se enprind Stare la fear unt atom de arbon asineticy Ine-o molecu ‘Jhochialis ual in etetelzomert so frmenst in proporie mat mare Ta Beall. Ta sinezle noma, sbetree et dl stereakomer enatio- SS) s2termena in propor ae gt ae obfintactl (©. § 1072), Sta ‘ei admetree so raises acl mediel chil eos, cataliator sa {Gdtrvane) saa edd fnte Quin eielar polaron) ese chiral ‘A. Slateze asimeticeinduse de un centru chiral preexistest ‘in moleeult ‘a tn reactile produslor natural cate contin centre chirale to -vecinStaten central de Teafie prochiral se forineazi preponderent unl {in steeoisomes. stil, a ada acidual elanhidrc i + )arubinost te ‘Sine aproape exclaiy nite acidulul manonie ji mumal foarte papin Sitril ginconie (8, Fuvcher, 1899) o nebow sic aa iat eae : ‘rgato-mag- Rian se objine dupa Bidroliza esterulul (edics indepitaren central {Ke chiraltateintrodu emporar), un hidrosiaeld in mojoritate racemic ‘dar care confize in exces tal din enantiomer. “Aste, prin esterfcareaaeidullfenilglioxilic (achiral) en (~)-men- tol) 4 tstareaesterulul optic tiv format u fodusk de metilmagnesia se hee dupe indeplrtares mentolala pein birols, acid atrolactio Shale acti, conpinind tn mic exces de acid 2(—)-atrolactic. Uulaind Geof Stoel cr, le ererficaren aida gloslic, uma din enantiomers 16, Stereghimle IL. Chraitate,Actvitate optics aon tropiel ai sleotula biteilie (1) formas mojorter uml din enantio- ment acidelal-stzolacti, acid ("-}atrlnetc. eae er Mien | toa scbaccan <-4-coom ets atc Rihana ae ee 7% Be Foon ete ee Poe ee ieee eee Sten ris ul techno elt of deel termining a eens Petes en peme Jefe Ea ares oa eee ta eee ieee os Becmenccn ereesaee Secs ees exter «com: Pes sie Fo atau a ea tt SRE w ere ies t ' pe va Biases aca wcinpug hice: 0 R ye a substan) Mamare Interac, mare 1439, nee onl eatin coo cmp ern megnas apt rep Crm,02 16, Stereochimie 11, Chiraltete. Aetlitate opted Benin a prvee coniurtia nla rl ln Mi tn tuncyle de coligusafia central etal in ester ne cuaideri, comyet {lonal G4 ele dous grupe CO (dia carbonill eetoni 9 di grape COOR) AOR orientate antipartel gi sat coplanare et substituental eel moi mic i i ; ; wh — - cin eat oats cus comps orguamaei apt ol Dei. ‘a carbonats chital care produce induetia asimetriet (regula fat Prog 3 gatbonll chit teaser 8 rest carbon chiral, cel doi subst Dato Sp) sevor afla deo pte gi de celal plat restuls mole cea eee rufu in ups C=O 0 Va produce pe fais. degaiath ek Afton Tefen ubaituedeai eu volum fntermodar (i) (ig, 16.0), fi SiStonte notarea comfgitaiel oma chiral dim idroxieid ‘ca arg lo canton rogull BS (C. § 1644.0) Yd seam de ordinee de Ghamale s subetituenylor. De eee deqi (—)}mentlal dinjews tac Priore eee gommeguerian ln grap OO a una exter s-cetoate Io. co ee Dcenn natura regal dn campus organ magaezian aan a cvoal Hear 8 al conGgurajielearbonulut china din enatio- ter mate, De ex, in reaehi feuigiosilautul de (—)nenti eu era Peeimagtesinse one, dupa hidralas excesdeacld (atte se rosea pruvacnil de (--}-mentil et jodurt de feniimagneris sti mes dupa preuetare, exces de acid $-(-}ateolati. t ph -60-Co0R | enkaAT — GE —C00%1 ECS st arte i (e000 = Get PC, €—COOH w GenG=OT, Small naa (Seance 1. Slatezeasimetrce induse de eatalizaori sau dizolvant optic wetvi Sintezelo biochimice catalizate de ensimo cnt strict stereospecitice doors de seletve. In attel de reel se formes onal din esanti Free eel natura, enzimele tnd compugs natural (¥. § 32.) Hi aif acidulatclanhidrc Ms benzuldehids (catalizati. de ional 0 a i eve nti manydete raceme dit care dup hidralsh Gilad ca inanatdic racemic. Dacd adn acid reve de baad optic activa ca de ex. (chin 18, Sterochime Il, Chiralitate, Activitate optct dups hidroliza ckanelnei se obtine acid mandeie in exte,predon apt Ridroleridomnen, Caiizind deep eatallatoe exmulsind (aesten Tn te hsb de igs nage) ew contin de exit (CFobtine exe itl gh reapeet aed (~)smendeli (See 6. Sinteze aslmetrce induse de medial fire ehiral ‘Formarea de compogi opti ati din conus! prochirali opti ns tion presen ami rela plat wedi ii cial xs cane Ait rrenteganmetice abeoata. Asti de retell sit coreate e SNsiq sparta efit pe Bimint. Introd Gea Ca ar a eR cu 1 ect re SM Ma tw beret etenrage oan404 16, Stereochimie 1, Chiralitate. Acti tate optics oti nde te Se a a cme SS far secon ens 8 cso Rem ou (3S ti eto ae ete peta it 4. setae stb ctl attic tte fra tee ue henna ahr its arn Exempt po ee ee eget ciara ve? daz on eats temo ntae eigurier ea shige asta CHP seins. ce ra cnn tier cade etd pe le aii ati SCRE Me Nese, Nie EO, sue ae P icinter te hattge pu sneered Dalene 1 Padi fot pc gg mete toe nln teste cae dessa 3 SACRO GIScabunt tae deamon ba compu fom By, COMPUSE HALOGENATI com conn in molecule to, dept gos fantio~ tals un olcn de hnogen BL pot dent formal din Roca {dlocanen ‘su som de hldragen ea wn nome loge fo exasnacane, NoMUNELATER, Compigit halogenagi se impart, dup netuei radenduul dros ona legut de stomal de hafegen th comps! halogenatt sara In eae [Balogentl este legat de un rudd lei clone sau de eaten satorat. fui afllesm, compas halogenats mesure cu halogen legat de un carbon olefinie ft compust halogenafi avounatie! et Kalogenal Tegst de wn Inet aromatic. "Stee compar alent e freaz pia adsugec. une Dalogemuluy ca prefix, In mumele hedrocarbur Toes auth llscers go als nomenon 1 cre mole cela comput halogenat ete considersth cx 0 hlogenurh vest Ui hdroearbonat. Seen ara ee Poritin si mumirul atomilor de halogen se notewai prin cite, Dac ‘molccula eontine mat mal atom de halogen ifr et we indie In ‘rain altabetich su in ordinesereseind® a tamirvtul te oedine af halo ‘penal cules say GCE atte ti. oi atom de halgen af aca atm de caren se nue al aa in post ye mutes vain (ae La geminu, geen If vctnuy ving in Fest hes. ee Benth te606 17, Compust halogenate {hn compusi hatogenati nesaturati in earo atomul de halogen este legat aitet de frhonil legiturt duble, halogen se uumeste valle Hilogeual dito paaitiealies som henalek se aunieste aie sau bone ee vinta 7 tte F erat ule de ale se impart dupe natura atomului de carbon ‘de careesteegatatontl dehalogin inbalogeauriprnare (halogen primar) Sogn rune (lg ean haga terre Gale Roce x able one va In comput halogenati aromatic poste 6 noteaxi prin eft ‘mn compugi disubstitai{ive noveazt pri orto, meta gt para. tu alehtbengend _erupa ahi primes fal de halogen, grupe ale peaind narnia ae ce va rt-dileoersen 24-lerouan 252 SIMEON, PmOHMETKyH EQnNeremstiCE ‘Legiturn © OX se formeazi prin intrepiitrunderce unui orbital CHLENLEHE = ch aN = = aah matt ACH Scr > (CHC ae need mat (orem ser > (eye ea ta att int. ee ab hige St comparate coordonstelecelar tel eae de extra ig. 172. — Cando ect fie eer ember Cu cit eudical ber este mat stabi (ani sltwe in energie), enerein ecosr pentrua atlage tarea de tonsil ehetgin de setae ssh eMerg liberi a stitde tanaitie Gv. § 4.2) vanaf micas react va deci fr viterd mal mre (tabea 172). Dupi eum results din ‘abel, Aitrenfele de Bg in eaefie de elorwraee Sint mies; Vasingio mare % Bye ‘eu temperatura (¥. $4.2) fueo et la temperntatt mati st aibe loc o tive: lare a reactivitijilor relative (postal reactivitiidor relative ale bidto- senilor prim: sce? ter file etre 1); clorurinea devine neselectiv Aecurge dupa lgile probit eieniior 27, Compusl hatogenatt uF Jr tor iy ar eve sab np acs co ale! pote dabei crater a rand nde hte esl et a edo ela Se pain mle Bee eM se 2500 om ‘starea do tranaiietimpurie seam ou renetani (Og. 27.9). Aton ebro este ma pun sect’ energie de ativare ‘tue mat mari (abel 172). fn Feta metannlu ex brom, acest este de ‘300 de ori mai pufin tenets dest cloral raportalvitezeloe relative pre~ eas Tee inti de ascmsnea diferente promunjate(raportal primar : secundar : tet fine este de 128251 00 fagh de 1230 La elororae) Ta bromurate inven de truaije te stabieyte tiriu Didroeariurs capt un paterniea 27, Comput halogenats ‘amucter de radical liber, efectul de tabizare al raicalull devine operant i determind selectiitaten promunfatd a aceste reac. Energia eudicallor, {n‘ambele reall este, evident, seeeagl nor ae se fest aye > wep ame pe eee eee se ert recreate te Soe ee : si emaay a eeriuess Seperation cic dn fneio de aetna dee. a cra ab) acta Sate rae arnem eeeeee Eotat Pau aeameanonees Boy at Fenomennl nu este observabil (si uu are consecinje structure) ta metan sau in ropan deoczece sezults molecule, shire. (9) Soret a WS E " a Be a Ca jot produit de coronre al butanol, nal t-clorutanat set aml aa ae Savi in aru de eh vind patra fbetituen diferi; tn consecint’ sit a A ‘Ghimie Hf, § 10-18) Deeareceganssle 17, Compugt halogenatt 7" cxmntlomer int egal, din rece regu mcs dod ameter eo i. oe ot y aa g & 23 2 (Utica 1. Din alehene prin adie de baloge RoaAcH-Nsis > R-GIN-CHN—n aRencion peed Bonet ty Ko 76... ‘ip aadiia de halogens in conaitl hetero ST ional clave de halon ‘Nature cco a foutdul de halonin face cain etapa a doua a edi st fol de hofogenunis sam al alta agent wuclootl (4 ex. ops aie static) aa sir oa "ntermediarl cle (tae pe la spate) ‘ae alogen dit (nat ps one. a omafen ce oinis ten geators ‘Stobilitates joulor de halon sade fa ordinea iodoniu = brom- tla adil fons est pestath ad lan oe carson ‘sl pitas se Sect denvini an ora ‘Sense ees primi vor preset 9 eerecrpctionae al mare. eisai a Bal te cris croton en sian eve ona de an inp oceans coun ceter romans ae fon dee Siiteseetesetatns (eaters arte Saltese he sais ral depen). {atta do fonmar halal pina soli hal tein azarae, ‘Dupa cum 8-4 mal meptionatyalchenele cu dublalegiturs substi tuith asimetrie formena dont de halonia nesimetra, ow sigeine poxitivi ‘coucentrats tat malt le carbontl ee mai eubsttait, corespunsind catbo- ‘etlonaia el mal abil eersr sn secundar), De wonea acest ion de balo- ‘hy eset ete atacat de daorantal cin (aw st nell pre- eat) preferenjial 1a avout de extbon posiivat, coudueind la un singur ite. adie; adifia este des) tegionlestied(V. regula Int hor, F % 2 “os ® Oat oe OB oH el ines Ts yen ae < Gives Hie menos . Compu halogenatt a aie a aloe, te, dona rou i 1 ta ine aie 1S Mencia ou pcan cation aie stabi eonfugnre, dea: fnante (v- #10.0). esata irony cite wetting. Acai iseam ‘ch wh nine Secolome al schone coma i sum dawterwts aan Netra dwterelsomerie format et apo “lena delves cen, Avtl in ce-lchee so ob datereo ‘reo {iscemie) lat din’ treexalchene se obfin aiatereoizomer racemiet aan mezo, in fanefie do substituent alchene) ‘De ex. sin de brom lao gla trane2-butenk duce i 23-dibrom ‘Vostereoromers. Din oo‘butend se obtine amestec de enantiome Morel tee (racelnc) sd taaa-2-batend te objine forma mete (rte) ents (meno) ‘do bromurt poate ataca eu, protabiltate talk eet dol atom eatlul de bromoniu (sinettic in aeest eas). Atacu find p ul de carbon veepeetiv it eehimbt coutigara}ia. Din fo— a coon a aed a ‘de bromonin ae a = R-GHite— cr, \ none “ ye 4 + R-GH,—CH,Be Mri se aaionsat Ie aleten, repose, conduind geal cre con ati de alge et co ama de a iat fouls fa Barvornien). Aas decane pl BP Ailel Gromit se avons a snd Noles dar ta ‘eur aie deeurge contre Tegult Tut Markovaikor. elt apt (erg meets) le aiid dr ne, ¥- Alene, F181 6, Din slchene prin eubstiagie aii 5 | erm: sn 64 ie , “A@ebenete tratate ou ¥-bromnueinimias (BS), in conitile men ra sn, se subaital ca Rage nosis. Meta et Wr re vate prepara oa ede neo alchene, ca de ex. propenn,suferk clorarar lied pet tare ct lo emperstane leat peste 300) CeO +04 = eoracNE He & utitaia tm pone allen vy §7.02. i Trin bien ea clr neta api in recta i ena om apa brine clara de cll ( enter ers jetta 2 By decurge ase ; 2 Dia athe pin aie de ins ee ee aig Actin $18 —> mc ee cay ay ; eres a tr tt oa Hate enraged compo bloga dona8 1%, Compuri halogenayt Din alcool ¢¢ hidaeish Roan IS > RON SMe tate: > B= HEL: Rg > Ra Re ‘In reactia sleotiior cu hidraca, aleooliterfiaeireacfionca’i mai yor dost et secundsn lacey det cel prima. Distre hides seal ‘odhidre reaefioncaat cel mal wgor acl elordie neces de tule tt ‘prezenfa tut cataltzator (lorie in), re mers este Teach v-Aloal, §18.6.D. XD. Dim aloooli gt atogenuat acide din seria fostorual si seit Roos rs, pO, ROOM PS, > RO PO = HN Roomy $004 > RAO 4 FO, eactealcoior cu otnlogentn defor ese 0 meta ge: ‘ip penta bine compas halogeap Cloraie do ales Selo ‘chile objin avantajan pen eaten stool ey tara de toa oven {tal presen de pn prodan areundan erence nd vost, elocrie nist deeebit"de upoare ‘Despre mecantenal $f aapetetestreachimice ae seertor rei ye Alco g 18 ere | © Din arensulonat gl halogen ateatine | ROIS Ar=SO1 —> RL OSO,Ar | HH Soar SAX RK 4 Nate (© variants pentru inloeuires eu halogen a grupel hidrnit cous in transfrmarenalcollat Ingen stent ($330) a trares Sees alogenurh eli ‘e accastt eae se obj wjor composi Auorarati gt odurai,gren cecil pen ale tetode TET Sums normal odarat rw 2.) Din avai cabot prin decarboxtine halogen Sree ol eat xl 8 sro ns) Ae tat en PHONG 1 none Ko) Compuyi hatogenat rups carbo we poate iloew ew halogen prin mak multe variante Cexporimentate, toate avi al halogen se aban pra tear sae do arg wna ) suit eattontie clos trum sou ta, bn solic de tetmetorur de estbon I Hunatecker, 1938). eatin dacurge cu rudamente mari, speci a lidar walla ‘carhoxilie cu oxi ie ere ron I tes grit cst a dad velcaah i id poe retn a ialank ee chew eit” fetzanerat "te pl Roth te R001 + moor +L —F nt 00, + euoodenyy, (9 J Aveastsrenctie decurge en randamente foarte maxi, in special Is \ oh grape arboxilLogate We ator de earhoa becudan qt tet 1%, | Din compas Ralogenafi prin reel de sem de halogen nox im SS pwns, por at Sage fou yaa, ge co rn ale wet, Thu dovivatelorurat man breat sun exces de fodurd sa, a was de een a, i ant Prin ncaa mete 6 obi ie pe alte vor fodura gf Muoeura de beia pawcncry sin > cer + sec Feawerges xr > cayenne «se mervul refi, v, Mecaninunl reactor eompoyior halo420 17, Compugt halogenatt 733, snernze DE courust matoceayt AROMATIC! | A-Din hidrocarbuti aromatie prin halogenare direct’ Haopoare crc, baer semper Waal ioe ‘opreainta eal ten mat utiaath penta « bine com: ‘as lraai 9 bomar. Compupit fod nor mst acento ‘aru aromatioe Pada bescnt oa ‘conti sa ronson tora anak nba nen acti male cece ae Sree rece Pe PoP ae cleeaees) Compurt halogenatt “ Aleitbensenit, la tratare eu elor cou Dram in aecleag! con ‘au in prezent® de promotor), re substitie in posiia ben F66-6-S Crud de lors de Fenitiir ers Reaiigen mtn fp pt do halogenare holla ve i b, ne hetero lootrofit a intut Halogen Hlalogenare Ihomolities tt scart in ‘bata lero afanace, $110.4) Reawe 17, Compuss hatogenats subetituie electro a tenzenuias ex tenn sau et lor atv 0 eine ‘compica, Vitean ie react dep de concentrate clonal, benentat fa eatlizatorulal (einties de ordinal TKI); © — (Cty) (C4 (eC ‘Reactantul cevtrft proprv-ls, oat! Cleat ional Be", spare Une din motive energetics. Teae{la ate loe Intre hese 3i morale de lor sn de bros sre formenz in prim etap, ex hirocarbura_ aroma wo. un comes uestabil de tunafor de sareind eqgplex =) in eare bea {ure dintee tonite halogen devine pola’ Tae es. FeCl) Intervie in eott complex prin acceptaten sonal Cl In lof! Fel; Tonal de elorbenzendnin format inkermesiar cans Intro etapA uimitoate, un proton care este transfert ansonalay FeCl” lemind tid tat (PCL) cre se dewormpne gyre te HGS regenercart eatalizatora) Ores Bence Ooo + Foy edn tt into nti, Coordone sealed at alsa ae ‘amie eign lor weak saber tana i ests dre si eon summa aa aga 47. Compusthetogenatt ~ ote eel ae gms sts Malogenaros halenolvenzenllor decurge dupa reuse orien “LT. Haloyent sit subsite ar ‘onifile orto gt pera, dar react. deeuruet tt nleal coat, | Din bsimare oromaties prin intermedi sir paren ainzanin seat, SB arene xe 9 anes tinea sro dere fi aninelor prima wn ren acestorn. comput alge ‘vhf deoeistsmimange a § 28 Aceasti metodi este mult utilisats pentea obtiners de ep cre astfel devin aceribil De seen ste fl ¢Fompusi eu ear raw roan i psi iste ‘pot fF introdasi prin halogenare inet. 6-020,- 17. Compust helogerati {734 SNITERE De cowruyt wALogENATL NusamnAs ‘A. | Din compusi dilogensfi prin dehidrotalogenare neato Be cone cry ex ak x i ai, fe i ai, lj ata: hen ea ni se See, Sa ee me i bg: Wacmericulas diane ar fae tthe Yoh mo aaa ae adi acres (CH, >. ctynctt— cr tr | Din acetilene prin adie de hidracat Coma seme) Ortineren computor tnlogenagl nesta din azetlene (s. § 654.6) eta lita do aooeltatonsoetleneh, sat tnd'oh to scene so obtin ain ‘compuy helogenai vial! prin aes logetate v. Actions, § 33) ‘rin aia ctalitiel (EGC) a acids clothidric Ta scetlen so ‘obtine De weard industrial dota de Vint HomoHjneL —> Hea Din i om 4: | Bin alchene pri dle de, Ralogenestbene, Compu fe ES ns: hia aed ara ate Dinalognocarbenle racionset eu logitury dublb dia alehene formind compas caine! opropanie Adin stssoppac, 42 lopropa. oH SH cag Gn AE ci, MSc WO no Woy by 2 3-dlme ‘orm “aimetit-1-a ‘xistenfa ditalogenocarbenclor a fost demonstrat pentra prime princaptare dclorearbone' cu clelohexen (W. von H. Doering, 1804). Cee — OO oot Péter, C0, taste tinal ‘eet Fee OKO KY C4 (CMAYC-OH 4 K*, ear eae cr lopli» resofil ge climint un proton, extras de besa Ithul anion ticlornetl, nastabll Acosta. elssng um Spe ae er eae ed i It uate, ts slo peat, prin ater ie eancentate debirenid Ge tit pret lo iru eumterareeamotia, on doe. tet Gam NORTE HRA); rei do tamer doa 17, Compusi halogenayt eae arent geal ye i re te anal Seed ice is nee rete ta etratutniars tah onic, am a aoe es ‘Compusi clorurafi ai metanulu ve obpia prin slorursres meta 1a temperaturtsidieate, In present de clrbune nev, Clorura de met, ‘dorura de metilen, clorofarmal si tctraclarara de carbon se tilireaas 1s inl agi van Clr do et ete wan aed metry Tetraclarums de carbon, neiflamabia, serverce ea egivant Het ‘penta atingitoare le tecad ‘Govatormal are proprietit ansstsice si eate unul din petit com- ‘pus! iz Inehirurge ea nareotie (Simpson, 1817). Se obfin, fn afar ‘de cloruraren metaaul, din elanal sau din acon’ prin trtare! cu ipo ‘tort soa saw do cleta(elarars de-ear--Au oo i ‘at cexenon enone Spec = cit + ne00: cexycocs, + execoen, > axa + cnyco0 Din ens mater pein alsa actos) hii do odin i ee Bitty uilizat in modicing ea’ gentafeetant: “apasali eaibonie tialogenat sth Selanen Daze: lor pour nue de rece Meleformd (v9 § 171) “lorara de ei taj inde niin sida lorie ‘ri loraarea slant gaa a1 > encase, 41,2-Didoretanal ette materia primi pentru clorura de ‘bine rin adiiaclorful Ia etlea Senay +64 > 0 aye Lj1.-Tvicloretanal (metildorotormul) esto snult_utilzat ea do- capanc fnindustn eleetrones, Se obfine prin adiia aiduluelorkidse Inelerarn deinen. wee eoysery, per 2 ry keriney me ubtve that prin clorwrates open in tempestars eto. 30 YaAcH-cH 4.0, > y=eHt-cnp 4 He 17, Compush hatogenati ‘ Clorura de vinit i clorura de viniliensint- monomers vinit important Cori do ise oie dust pon dia ei lr Ifo Ia acetilens saw eit 12-dlloretan prin debldroctorurace terich lorura devin Aytp-tctoretaon re fabric prin debidrocorurates tric ovay-engs — Pea dls i wen vac Bo art ete or cea tt een ‘etruetoretilena ee obfine, altri de tte ‘lorararenprepenct 00a eracataci, —> e,4eyenec, orn de carb i Mexaclociiohesanul amettee de ausercizomeri) se obi alin cloratl to beazen ta Tun at fn prexenfa deprunseton ml, vf 14.2} accra ete atid iat psa ma ty mm deni” Beg @ aa) ge clerata We vn i vlorara de beuaiden fic” yr ove Homelite intact) tne eayeen, “a, eae! > ena, —> eee Chosbenzenul re tabrick prin eloruranes benzexulul fm presen Mor) electri (Fut) i ca cannes un nw inferior ai compugtor alo genat rrunogs @xit Hh eusoy a temperatura came tne nies fueron vit sls Yn sei comp tir pea aemate428 17, Compusi halogenait formpoyt mosalogeoa wnt Hh arco sau polhalogeani sit {aTeme'mal mule chet soa (abet). ‘Comp halogen sit incolabil inp; sat slab stata dizlvanlpesgabit, Dena lor ceo ai tase dl ‘Si tregte' ontinea "lors Chvemert rex onexagy SE tux ‘Prin tratarea unui compos halogenat fn eoluie de eter aire, ‘eu magueaty, se formeass um compus ongahomagneriad (C. § 5.31.0), ‘Tost composi alogenafi reacioucnat In accleosl condi, dar in casa compugoe halogenafi winiicl oste db preterst ak se ullsrze TEP ‘arepe dsotvant. - ‘Reoefin compar halogenst cu lita se eteetueest in wule de ‘pentan {eter de petrol) in abmenfs totais a aeralal (atmoeert net), ‘espe reacflle eestor eompusl, v= Aleani (f 531.0) wi Aleool (1851.6. 1 Compugl hatogenatt oe user ane gumauaceays ou REAcrrOTEATE ) A. | React de mubstitntie nuceotis @NE SSN nck ($78) ‘Atomal de hulogen din compusihndogensfi cu naitvitate deslocit bub form de anon Xun i ahh aon mses poate Apa oe nace a ere -e tesae F | (ho noteaes ew xinbolul 8 Atargal degen eaee wi at sn up eam ‘i molecu se nawegte grup detail faye sotcute (lenny rou, ia tia englex8) Sati nul» tna de a ato de Aur ho ier acta mt un i iolinponcante entra obit do compas anganit dn seria aia inaith eae st afin alcool eet, tiateool lower, arise te ‘him de halogen, allt conipugtelogenagt (dv ex. campus lun fi, Prin ecg on eartaion se een Hogtun © 1 1 del ng de eaten Se obj astfol nite weit ew wl Mn de eartom in pla ft de eaten compas Halogen exe a Sein demir Fx 4 no m HoHD re ROX + NCD (me NeOOI) —> Roc Hate Wx on eos, Ain pm Rex oN mR Ai se mex ns Tinton Mex oon Se int CX aNCOON, > REGINCOOM, fae stats ‘Meet de liminare dle hidracia dst at Dine se rato ete (0 17) (EN tama 1)ase 17, Compuyi halogenet Cmpusiihalogengi care congin um atom de_hidrogen in pita tag om Tipo i tad pena sd alchce fv exemple $ 2.30. B). (ese de inure de dra au lo tn presenta acloras ne tani asian sunole resp de subaaieuctra (hdol een {rete aceay de sale of, aentereasnt tn compete. Dis. ‘axel npr oastitaie soa spre chitin depinds de coud exp FinunalyQesruecunempanoas loge mec pin fe = flomenah [mt dete) 177._aimeaytsuts MENTION CowPUsON UALoGENA pear — [Subetitufie uceOTnC ab cimare-de hidraela) © (@22), waco suustircTe NueLEOR 629 eee ete Sear cree pear te get et eee ieee seer e o ies ROT De exempln ‘ayeILCHyeH,—e + HO” —> cue, 01+ Be ~ tn reaeile ou mecanism SNI viteza resetiei depindo numa de enosntng crpat haigeat ete idpententt conceal ‘stantalu gucleo Cinetien reacfe ese de ordinal I, Heacfia poate ft ‘oct in mein baal, neu i ease al tunel react de subiti hil rae BNL | REN +40 —> ny6-ont rs sie = RIKER De crm Ee do aleil senna jet eda, in fonee de oon on . Tite falters do 17, Compusi hatogenath ’ ti, ele via tae esac octan (. cond reaepit, §:17.7.2. ay. " . = ” — he | DMecaninmol SN2 se earacteriaa prin aceea e&ruperee Init ©=X ah formmares noi fegitur YC loc shuultan, insta rani. oveit de substtagie nueleoils himoloeular De exempl hidrotizn bromurt ae metit ‘eaetantul nual, eu sarong negatisd san electron! nopart fiw afinitate petra’ aueleut atomufat de carbon polrizt p Maioaat X Oebial {Cox eo se rue te ule prowte Wletroit reictantulut nueleotl fa starea de tronic leptin When format ned defitie ia tegttura C2 mu a rt Ine fu sa sna nega. Ys" i mijoreanaurlies deoatece” elt dfs spre total dean fn gels tinp alam mh X capita a. mrtg poral negative mat promunfata dv “Wns elec lgatun C3, Are oe dee 0 dust «sare let five, Hherls er se Mégojs in forinara Testun YO esto ois “Ble Foyer estan CO, Braga eis rect este fra tna Sleroehimie reegilor ew meconigm SN2. eaetantal ‘y= hin ator de earn al logit CX pe fata tetra I In care ao 36 atomal de alogen sat alld erupt dep! pe spate; apopinen cca mal favors esto din diet Wolo to eee m afi colinkne, sare de tates Hamma de carbon ve aft tn soelai plan sar grup Vel fo Ioximai ge go ata de cbf cb poi Miaarh ct se forineaat gitar YC. vatenfele atom i ndreapts spre arc opt cofpl in ear me forme ky MOuAte oe o'tnestare a eonfagurfet stam de carn. Fo poate compara cu faloareenen uuck wmbrele es dos do tranafe atomtl de carbon este hibridit tem Each rai om al sina De eas rps Hy a bape dea 1, Cpe aegeeep pent ve smi pe Ta spate al carbons ep e ogc net aN Ae orang era aay de subaaie nae ‘ss eae a fone geo Hm pout net Gener Wate Apt mat devote atin, 80) ove ‘april vd pgm nwa ae sae Sa ha fst adn in tual totuate Seep Sompas i baa gp act “Aste, ai ow hidroxid de son ae einetiea 2.romoctanal exist sub forma a dol enantiomeri care daw prin ideo petanoll enantiomer i ete foe spent it ot. 9 ence Aca eecmeemnngae eee rem oar Sper hera nena 1, Hector caret ‘rege $32. Usarinja ou care a too refi en mecaniamn S89 depinds de eapacitatse Feactaniulal nucleo {fos destoval grupa dopa (atom de halogen care presto molt: {ij Seranta dopinde de mat raul faotor tee are e8 ra Important fine tar ot nature ait (Ga genera grupedeplasabie), navurs deo "Weft reales basi” Hearn meh sin. hear sates neath tao rdert te ita ae fae carbon ia ite pani mst te ce at cual HO STN. ‘Novlestieitates sen Ho. eho" Scr 10 seads in ondinen» RM: © NH, > OSH, > O.N In'seria’ carbonains CH, > CH2C= 5 * cH 008}, Breer eas sain clonal meni fn seria halogenitor cade in ordinea T= => B= > Cl ==, I SO" Mines volamalul substituentlor la atomal basic produce wt ore neleotietiit aeeatain + (CH,).N: > (CHCH,)§: "Natura radicalates organi. Radicals alot primar favorinssa untvapin SN, cel tergian favorita SS. ‘Natura heioqonuiat X ain TX snftenyonad ati, reaite SN2 o er Reovitaten weno neste nel legit OX Mn dine mere 5 Nature tentataé nunc vite, de racic SN pig itt fare o eceveth amuprn sani de tranitie (21. Hughes, C.K. Ingold, hari de tranalfe (deci vite eu eae aze Loc rea) este mir ft mkt fain de cape dean de ovr Sparii respecsi dtspariiny de urelnl. Solventul Intervie een serine wed ating dou situa: a) reactantul nueteft este un i seat ed intl nucle este © moleenib neat, eompusal ala Tail cazur @ moleealt neutt An eazut In care ractantnt miele este un ton negativ, in sate ‘ris ate toe iapave hsalnil Intro dou een. eer ace ul polar abies in os mil mare retusa nucle neg HO") dt sane dita eae sri att raves ¥en depart). Sal In care reactance moleentt newriy de ex (do trwasipe par waren’ deel diznivantal pulse vn abn yt436 17, Compuyihalogencti ewoite SN sing inspite de rent de eiminare. fn atnbele erat ractanisint acta (bage tat, HO", HO, {a ola concentrate). Ta ‘afi do cuniare (r-§ 17-72) sorta a taaaige are surekan Qifueat peo divangh mai mate divi Jateg mcf do substicule SN2. Marre DPolartiitdaotrantatal va micjora proporia de produs de eiminare fal {oct a eubatzntie, De expo ftad ect etanolt, vi fave ie sein 8 peee ins Dee wr cer es ar lent ce hee eae Dupre desire Dara ites md wa apt compor taps ia a atl tae parent et ‘Shona acti ma ro fv! spstars nti) pute ata (nse tin og oma Stet eoott pte ome stent uti and lg tla ptr ye, pre tg, i al et grt de ge PeSi Sigee ao ratte lle ont ee there in oes ir” ropa eb ee Ie ea degen no materi nt un eat. Solve sri pot oon, insomnia (DAE, dine samara (HMSO htuwtin “asi tanto UGA 0) nls or nearer ea ‘Saar ott (at fat rei) So Pa eos ‘Shion pea 9 tines srs ary nee crys hud di hewn Ow Scr wee Se Solvent apo pie lent) hau pte de inzare tne onli oo Aue ties a ea esti 1B, Rowe de substityie nucleoli unimolecular (SN1) Mocanismal substituie! SN1 Lmplet dows ctape dlsglera, cn psa ‘eu formahea unul carbocation fl racfia earboeaionalul ‘ba dizotetea nucle Crx wee ap a y Ye ynn0 > Reon a Bia ak Prin etapa reatielente etapa teat doterminantt de vitess, 4 aoe I eos enstics mu pore dal eoneealnojia compacta halo’ ar wt (# = {RX}; find o reuse de onan, ote roves, Ktapn 9 Foch eas toats de sabe ara earboation ($3.02 A) aio racie pun fun ponte. spatea in sotlin ‘Corina eh ‘Pot revetioma dup maecaniamol $1 halogenurile care prin jonizare ‘carat sta = ile scoundare st halos evallice gt bonsiie acastes dav urms pot reactions si dup fil SN2 in fanohe. de condo experimental). Bubettajia nactoflS untinoleculak SN1 este earacteristioh pen reap de soak (regi eu dizolvantal). Fcc +10 > (e1gye-on + HEL GA Fo > Gre ED |s Sorwwehinia reeitor de eubuitujie SZ. Tatermedtiaral vac: ioeation ou strhetirt plank, aviud un orbital varant cu parte gd al fea plana molecule dos capta volvental dintr-o parte san din cealalté parte 9 plu i. Go urmare, pradusal de-resofic este un_amestec ethia8 17, Compass halogen Uh sre ms urea arr gu exp xen, urbana intermedia a reef) pan. Orbitaul vacant poote reveiona eu inerediy iie planglul molecule. Dac motecla de apt tenefieneaad uae cee t care a fost subatitueatul X, configurabia: a psteeal 5 sin ices are lc a divetia opus se produte inverse.” Donarecs sed reactyoention plan gcd de reicfions di colo dous dicey sine {mira gine amextee de cuan‘lomert iy proporpi egal, Tn general ink Eos ehula tin enantiomer! este mal mare det ectul. To Perak efi fn reaei’e SN. Studi cintice om atat o& tu ctapa do fontaine s unui compas R-—X exis donk stadil consecutive. Ban raporwa heteroltes legal eovalente R—X ve formeazd doi ion, ttn carfeatiou Re sn jon negetiy X~ Tnt-un prim stadlu cet doi iont ‘Hii teagl tunl de culate prin atractilevetrostatioe (peroke dion Tntina), find incoojurati de molecule de @zaivant (cused de meteete do “isotera}) in stoal stmt flosare ion este rolvatat de moleeule de ‘dsoluant pein legituri fon-aipol formindse porechl de toal sotvacal oni sovatagt recefioneat apot ca dizolYantul(S. Wiastela, 1051), as onl in perecies de oni to pot combina gi intre ol (revenire dater- sn), fn procenul te revenire inn carboeationat poate suterl transpari- {ii malate de n se recombine eu anion. ~Insac depereh don crbostanl anu comps options “Dal ataend are Toe TH Gest 0 GR ine un prods cn configorfie invereath. Daed tact mucleat- {ugh are loc ssupro easbocatlonalasolvatat simetrie,deplasaren nucleo- {iis solventalul poate avea loc eu gante cgale din amo ple le mole- fied, even ce duce Ia formatea de Tcemiel. Haportul inte produvul de 17, Comput hatogenat tape Went cots a \ fe e Gy dicen, + GIwa HyGotth, CHE ~0CA, u rmoile SN2 LB? concentra buzel intr. cousin cine! eserminall de viteot, Mince eoncentragilrenetanialul hagie procs Init vitese de reotie it ambele esr la maclni (fiatn fa de proton) a0 Say yoraaet ‘ ci petal we eats (38 : furs Ste nucteott ban re Hazele oxigen {sien} favoriza eliminarca (2) ‘c, Pactort oar intuenfaed BI/SN 1, Pent seclagl compas taloze nat posie fr hryorauta rootia EL sa S81 prin modiiearea condititio ‘sperimantate En ganeral far sede tenperat au (age Fitave eelativn a compasulut ologenat i revel Bt i St ‘eroyte in noeens Ondine dela Rj La Toy etapa deerrainant® de vitex finda ambale cara fornia earbocat ona CH) eNO -X < REN «ON Ramitcarea catenei la Ox tovorizeax A fa de SNL cope SEES ca cencen, ergo (auger “PPS fexgcocn, + cuuye-o1 Natura Malogenula are aed feet in etaps de onizare in eal ‘dous reuoft dar so nalts leit iy ‘etapo urmdtoare souzir i st “fat peveshor de fot lor, tai baste dett roma st dect fod, ponteawe 17, Compugihelogenafi st marc oon ri $c pt tpt consis foperimentle pore reais SY [aa fon eal laren ue eae irae echie S ‘uvonzcas Sheps yi SNI/EL 2, ‘owefoneizh dup mownlsny SN2? coate alogomutte de alehil, ria oi ace eit pet ote (le ex Halogen Acro ‘Wtnee Rnogenart dealt seeurdar (inet). ‘cu mccraiam SSI SHI toate halogenuile teriaros cole secindare reacloneas mal inet lar le prunes reveonear ap ‘ew meranien rile de vnit si cele aromatice nu renefioneaz. Ate anatitice pone reennoayeren entiaied a renilor c macax iom S80 Sh “de sestont eo ua. raetiv Sas er ma aor as Print Dopupere tects de Nnogetars saint ste wit ttn" Feed nk vocands yl divada ca pent presen a leh er- tales : ss ite ent as ome A pera a mene ee etc me lt cr ate pose noases mgpeeinaa came reat arena meron iio ate Cee es aie treeriterntnae? {H@Ai oma hate ut coplanar cin eat om anal fa do ceeldlalt, (anti-eoplanari. ae ie ? 17, Compe halogenat as Hulogeno-sleansi reactioneasi ln contormagitinterealate, eH + fn halogeuo-cicloaleant sit avd-coplanant atom de bidrogen 4e halogen gaia. Dey conformerst en halogen seuatoral este wat staal ects fe elite ia parte coaformers! eu halogen ¢xta f i a a onth sane ate, imines de ai ome eu tae) dn te, 2-brom- ai Oa neta Srometank (eer ba va oisomeral we ers) we abner aon brometena (Hj ¢it-a-bromstilben). Se co ot Ben Hc, HN te orca aN 17, Compusi halogenay ws lay liminarea din formele tree partici un conformer de tp 1 Lips de eonstrngert seriee, ect ma stb, tae tre atone. hide st beam enleeopinan ” MO a tec ce me AR 2 Diasteresizomerul meso are doi eamforier intercaati THL 9, 1V5 ‘din punetal de vedere al constragenlrsterleo TV tate a stabil lin ‘nave portiipt inst conformeral mal nertail (11), care are atoms fdimiat (hdrogen si brom) en coplanar In eliminivle H2-anti voluunul substituent induenfouss vtess (Zemetstuben) #1 epede. din formato dinate te forme 7as- ‘tind -semetst tba ee [ope — |ao..| — Ss, ee ae17. Comput halogenati a“ ta foarte ti, aid esd aie ici, ub 8 17, Comput hatonenet seas Pte Pri ie, Bi toi de, os “alae sia alte in eda pape ele) a ane su a ‘ Si oentagutu papas” [aceel in ne obtane ai Soares ae ea " ws lin conformerul IV, mai stabil, al meee-1.2-dibrom-1,2-difensl-etanulai, ino- ” lecular trebal 28! adopte o conformafie velipsati” Rliminaren T2-sin ar - 2 Acre ronsachnay oe crac Ober. | ey me 2) CI me) * ike myo Din pore omtsten ve stine aiete, de pare 3k meen olen (liuidine) ar din rtsbontaien ne Dine seated rt" 8) esi erect. a A 4 va g-Od- dg. ‘als ha soe (lvl) ate mati. De t he {ncomaiitexperimentale derive de ale din seta sift fn om oh A.) Sttale pin endnote ey ey Cc ae S q Ce | 1a ream AQ 9 neennea ret nay xn aA “subi <2" yp atin te fit‘ i propor de #0" arena QO Sere est cra ee, Boge a ea"a atom ee ou . firinma net vpe Dee 195, Reeererat Halogoa ia clo bom ldasn poate lst ea sa Ihigros tn trate ae ‘auatice ie a 4,0 = enone Se ‘In seats condi, or cortoluemul Ai inst un amester de ota xk ‘meta-idvoitotuen (renal) un anion incerta axe loc expulzarce halogens agen, en former bens = oFus 17. Compust halogenat onzimul, foarte reaetiv, adijionaad nuctot present formind ‘un onion, cate 4 stabiizese prin extragerea wan} protan din amon, Ay om ee Aa Os" — OF" = Or ei ce «om oid pte rant conte lcs Sle am Remo gue shot i poe on coal a ef He Sabnuc} attest de ctactoat (QOH, Nil) tiveness pen tii ban pose pre 9 Elnit ponifl n Q= QO: Q, a Ne , eee een cote opr ptr in ete and agi “SR teput Aiton, gitar tp rte onan drut ‘ett cre wai tn pit ered, apt S/S ates una inate ptr etc plate 11 la eat ete perp pe era mene rin devices de a itaty otal» ce fr ii ms Kittin = Hedi eps aad 17, Compugi halogenat 400 trans, Oita din pla oe dstantas, miesorind eral do ate Ditrundore ogar> in psnch ole sede tt alt 3. a Rota (ig. 5 B Substtaie pin edie tininare rn pacar ase Soy, i, EE, In hatogeno-hengenii avind ua sau mai multe erupe atv ‘toare de electron! feu efect —E). bu special grape mls, ponte orto pa 5 cineca ese aaet = i eeareree rca es a ha So ieee OI vx oD ees el rupee pniie oe pere ites coe ‘amet SUWSpm 2-¢-dinivocorbenren ¢l bidrasins so obfine 2,4 dialtrofen hideasins (oesetir pentru compusi carbonic, v. f 24.04.00).450 17. Compusi halogenatt Mecano subways prin die mina este analog subst tujie clectufile tromatice (SE) ew Geoncbien fundamental eh are 60 {Bleed galaexsain. Hot grupos nto eto ada de ee Dian snional ‘emai departs) 17, Compugt halogenati bent Eula asta ed nog mie, Ss strata it a 2tnebbeaen,wsl dn sam de alo (age pate tc wpa nite a ly Slade cared ae mae tl rat xrays Sete eis uct ated sai ig “e L7d ArBtairaiode fzie st chimic® pen, eae se istiage Entre wrmatertl compu baloge su CaReNS Gey, creates cage, Cyecrine GI Ke Dap settee emt ae ae toe anathema at asda «mt tee A "proportia, Ge izamert formall Ia reabewonuraren (Ia 127°) a Ridrocarbae ‘Structura intermediarului anionic (benzanion) poate fi reprezen-“ “o 17.5. Seretetapels reel de clorurare fetechimiet te postin 2 « t-butausiul, Caleulatt ‘i a ate ren, i ey a a ra am tr cn le Bicone nearer ang ce ee si cSt “O6) arta stractars compet halogens mcannml pes cae we oraeash CE op de ea apo recta ae 217, — Compas rai Ge btn "Mol roars pin ae = emcee Ati a 3. ell alegel pear sattin ura: compo: 2 ftursclabatan, iz Att we a a sa Betice.ciereienoe i ee ass sre cers cree ate ee at ceca ear ors re nme cea o @ ry a sv38. COMPUSI HIDRONILICI 1, ALCOOLT ‘exasiicame, Nowserron’ Aol fye part idx avad_dcopt sup funconal OH Bt pot considers ioe a toe ioe es ta mal aia unio de antary mae orgie crete eg rg Jae, coeaneeiocnt ee nee ieee seater Sue Sohne (So sinis dra iad ieers an Seto ea = PH Raton Re~08 ‘opm set weander ait tia Sloman, denen prea Aurast aula ‘Unk somos ohapissuitisaestcaemestater al peeks ie ear Surin {at algal ee arma do numele rican tidroearbonst le cre and ‘et satis fe co Cgnon on canon, fee | eet eeeain oa fe AS a eon ex naturale we ded pra do anette sour a « enon no cn on/ Hoenn om umerosi reprezentangi: din easn sleotior on numiri comune ingrate in us do mult sreme. rol CH CHa bia exo-Biciclel22+ f cane eat miei estt [Bement 2? - ciate ama te il 2g a dat acetone a oi Sei a okt educa sro: wt tue pies ace ean Goonies an el aay ie rat ig 84. — Sout ener i6 18, Compusihidrostiet 1. Atoott tolidi alcool formensi asociafii moleeulare compute dinte-un numge ‘Permanent vaviabit do molecu (roar de molcouleasnesae), unis Pris {htt de orfe de attacks, mumite lapater de hidvogan. He gatlegatind asin ee ee ne a ay oR aT As rt i ute si ee 20—son Katt" Tete van er Wain de a8 08 seen apie Mae eee ee re fey Geeaeen arate cae od ogee face ae ae een eee ee er reece See a Scere aes MAN tte Mog oe doll cl mal ne pea mete iain aagur ett a4 ula toa lay, Gp (thea 2 ach data dha ‘voxlans (barttate) i nese Iasitar, GAL de none seal ‘ie. in sb dou apa ring pag ag" ME ae ee eae erie ‘nl apn adn bases rl a racie de conor de uniter de proton te o subtangs daa rar ey pee ca er a a eee en nt ea mene fee eae aie ae su cer pt mt dap eats ese ‘conlagat—onugnta ean Rind lege ani mas s oie aman de eer a Lorne") KOTIDT 18, Compugthidroie 1, Alco « Concentrate ionilor de hideonia, H,0°, a hideoxl, HO tn ap ‘pars sint gale st mie de ordinal 10° moll" Introdacind acesie val Er eapreste eoustantel de vehiibe eased coment sel ta Manta de 5,3 mo se objine constanta de eehira, Tncluaind eoncuntrofia apelin constant de ex stants de acidtate, 1, bru te cline oo 0ri80"1 ig (395) ~ MOTO 9.10% mat Pi indie ape constants fine conta eet e atoprorai ax ea apes ke fing" |GH0"] ho-to Et U2 in ay park comecutral er dl fan x eile, yoy = = y= 0 fun soluie: i tn. corespunn scale concern. de ont HHO" as flea pds ‘Sims constant Astta, dact intro suite concent HO" cre $2 io" concentra HO-'va scaden lu 107" dated! suieent al tcunonscs concentra una din font pentra « cleats concentra RRBs oe rrr la he lai pote ce ern ‘ental sse-numital exponent de sciiate ate pile Ava.nenteh. ae 17, sin ja ae ia Se ai nor de hide inior HO" ete det molt st olor BO” te {n solntit aposse (itre 9H 114) an poate exist sm acid alt ‘eet 1,0" at niel o bass nal tase Qeeit HO". Apa are um ect nivel nates prin veactia selaior,respectiv a baseor eu ape maul ne font (10° 51 HO") care imprima taracteal sed respect cel hse. fl we explickfapoal ob in solute apooss nei gh haze de “art foarte dl Fite na aparent cet ‘Aci safer in 5 peas 0 renefie de proto,58 18, Compugt hidroxiit 1. Aleoot yxprimind constanta de echilbru si inglobind in constant tei tonstanth apt (939 mL") Ho Oia cstanin de a fate a aeldatus respect, K, ao saegeee sistas een eee en x Egramanprarnirs sae eee mkt sehen Anglin yn nde ust conetantadecetllbraconcentraia spel fe obines como" 18] Avind in vedere of concntrojia HO" deter univ el eonen: Aeon Santor 20% so ponce fot entra expia earathra ald Gl ale Searet a Kal yFamune onstanta do aetltate I, Pentru nasty Pee mea eset hn a oadorive ceca de potolil» asda ‘ajo at tase man be 4 m0 = Bs Tot Tngibind, st In acest ex, a constant 4 spel in com tanto de ecilira, constanta de aciditate vi fl datt do expres, ruc aT ‘Prodasulintre Ky, constant de haricitate a bose, xy, constan: “cu prada fonts al oe Ky Ky — OTD] = Ry = 10" onengt de acditate pi, = log, 4 de basse ‘expresia do mai sus devine bis 98 ‘velaind tate PE, = “10H: © wr sve Cease poate er ee eee Sesh erect pace eka ee | cana inks oe ned 474.5 idrataen alehneloe (tect son prin intermedi moncstror sci ut) sw di i stat mp a Bisjmsle conde lool a uh desta el mn ‘de orlentare ca ai sion (x-seeule bel Mariknvaltor, § 7.82.5). ‘in lchene prin hidroborare y' eae ee 2S nanenon | cena: Bb genes By NB 47.4.6) raat tm t Erk ati hon Neo _saitia nidrari de Dor a alehencle rubstitate condues 1, boranl, fatomui de bor legindurse de atomal de carbon anginal (¥. § 7.61.6), Prin oxidares i Tiny te obfin alcool vind gruparea subsea ‘Pornind de ls aceeagialehenty prin hidrexilare regioelectivs dup smetoda A sat B se pot bane eet doi alcool izomers econo, 2 cecriac, > ery cx, se © sepa Ree ie: a Fr tccasth renchie este mai pain ate ich ors Rls es oot ou SNL a | nce coc, + 40 Bb non = cx,coore ana toes cube GSH a On, tien a ai ARM cn Wie nb be open40 18, Compuyi hidrosiit 1. AJeooth Hidrotia ester eizlorearboxilii in media bazic rau seid va f. Avcutaid in § 2730.4. “Niotods prexntl interes ca variants experimentali pentru fnloew- ic atmo de Sno eae dg, Computable Ti Hat Si acetal de sodis, isolate de aeid veel, did acetafs; reach ddecurge prin SR 4. de som ds realtate bane la compasit a dal, fi TA) Aca ve spl Brn Me™ ira on moooiny “+ n-0- tty —> Roms coon Y% din compat arnt pen edcee Roo SRO / paar 6 me gre see it MUO ‘Reducerea compusilor carbonilic este una din metodele importante entra prepururea alcool poimastyi yecundaei (¥. 41 § 24.6.2.) cay—c0 —> Gato Siecle Mist bene Gti c0-ctt, —> Gi4-cr cs, excco—at > Gi ciptt cit ‘arhoailat se pot reduce ou hldragen molecular, a tou eu hidrart complexe 18, Compupl hidroailiet I, Aleoolt a rogenarea catalitich # acialr gf @ estelor are loo mal grea Geclt hidrogenatencompusilor carbone; ea decurge la temperaturt 7 a ‘Spr ht eg evn less ape fromoxid(obtinat termes a eromatatul do eupra HE Adkins) Pe sceastS cole se obftm alooll superior! din scsi superior! 6 ex. din acid palmitic (Cy) se obfine alool hexadeclc (ete) gain |) atid stearic (Cy) anol ovtadeeti, (@_) Din eompust orguno-metaiet fi compusl eatbonilict ea bay re erm fe aest rou Ce Bhi ti =< mays + Reo —> Ric —> mien Cotas oie Eee compar onsen spt ern mages eau ng insite ale ex Ya ps pe Sru'intse do aldol pear, sonndar iter. yoo + Gaane — Gixeijoname > Gsyeryon © cayeettn0 + ean > Ga Et-outume —> 6901 by, 5 i. pseu XS = Xe ‘compusului orguno-magnezian, in solujie eteie, ‘ex compusul earboniic e formeued un produs de adifo(aleoxid do mag” | tsi) jacestay la ratare eu aps, so hidrolizeai ia alcool yt halogenara ‘pasich do magnesi, ‘fn compusu! organo-magnesian legiturs carbon-metal este puter- “nfo potarznts gi radial organ ne comport ca un entbanion java Lng,462 14, Compugt hidrozilie| 1. Alcoolt de atomul de carton cx posttest gruel carbon (Compa ‘carbonilici, § 24.61-D). . FRoalis = RES — wc—omex —> ac-o1t 2 Faux + coe! Reactia crgano-mngnetieni cu esteri ean clouri acide ‘ance favind dat sabetitueni dente. Gth=COOR + 2 egteRe > GHIA, exh-Coon +2 Grate —> CHA du Formarea, ain compas. maguetieal si ies worm: nile ue sein tou epe Br ace ol de ‘SSiapos organo mapuesian eu'en mol de ster su corurs aid se formeata, et ee YF (2); din amine prin tratare on acid azotos YX e poy — Rea —> non ‘18. Compugi hidrozitiel 1. Aleool boll eke “meatal. eub. fon de moleett de. azot, Carboeationt enue Tesefioneass ‘ew ap, ind aleool, ncfenjr > ye Reo Be tyo SRO He Blizatnares azotlu din amine prmaro, pe aceast eae, st ta baz net se ciemctt de doce aor Gi comport eal (ne> ‘toda van Slyke) (¥. sf § 22.6.1.D.a). me q 452, snmezk DE ALCoOLL DE 1 FouttiDKOXILIct Dili sf pool se obfia, in peincipin, prin plicares metodelor generale de sintezh ale leoobior. |A. | Din halobidrine prin hldroiat dud ber der conti: Marat ea pe 2B. | Dn posit pin birth tone Dio 70°6(*~” , Ciipnehes Pe P seqegin > nonlin a Masel coos meas ido aes TATA OM | Di state pt oie en permanant Dist on: naira ein TALE D, | Din breaiakibide san hdroscetone pra reduoore he ne Hm mpi pt ana4 18. Comput hiro 1. Aeoott Reducerea hidrostldehidelor san hidroxiotonelor este @ metods ‘mult utiliza pentey objiners aleooliior polihdrosii, Ste, di ter ‘ose se obj Cetrll, din hexozo, hesiol et. buon ‘yon hi-ow on 0 bron > de-on dao, > dom, “ discon, ee Poe e eg ff Cousttlt: ZaiTtg, Mente, Zo-Cu v meio mec pera obinra do dt ot asenundar coe ate ceo on uot sid ets seaipasty aumitassigstet a) taco Scene Bag, ia Din sero toon wn gl dierir pacts dia benzo fexon'e obie beseech temyeno —> (eye cre, aue0 — ere —acan, Numal aldehidele aromatice dan accasti reais de condensares te x, din benzaldahida, hn prezan{s de ali] ainecupra, se objine hades Gih-a-o > Ghee ath Condensarea pinacoli esto 0 reactio de rwlcere incompleti in ‘care se formeasd a itermediat tn Tudheal- fan} acta se diuesoeash fh tetas - 418. Compu Navosiil 1, Alcott ianionnl dimeratat extrage protoni din ap. Metatul are sola de w tun electron gripe easton ene sane —> cage —eeny, 22 corye—eqen "| i laa Metat-eti. Rade onil torrid etone aromaties au pu inoue su form de situs existalizate(mtal-of, Astels emote formenzi In’ trvtare eu codiu metal wa Tadieaion de culate has fo taraeter de radieal ber. Beste stab i abc ogee formetsi an perosi, v1 §5.041.C) teste ta eet cu dimeral _—-isane eu pa eee in Deneplaacol (WW. Sobek, 1811 © G) wsv0s woes: Numerosi sloooi press mare importants proctea. si te fabri in euntitt ihdustiae. tn continnare se presi ‘Wilizate pentru Tabetearea nor fermen! teprerentaits in ult vr ales an Seas ‘pos, eu un continue de 2% metanol, wpb de separut pin it lare Poca amet ta ce gine Inset priaaogenren oxi wath SO" 0 af Cat ES Se lines accent walete pind ca fabricar bensn tetce prt Mocedea! Heber tropeck (w§ 5.400) a sure we inter u comporifia CO 2 Ht catalizatoral ste dei, no {ind ‘un amestee do osizi de sine’ erom, eu adaowtl eal oni ly ae engl re ete aptitten etttcte ES exon Actanolul ete foasie-tanies tn_concentratit mich produce. orh faci Gs ea ae ene enlaces reget ectanict ha See Si a18, Compugl Adrenal I. Alot, “r 460 CCompuyl hidrostlet 1: Aleoott esos de etre uns tu cooing lel a uals Alcootul allo a de ail eau prin noe ‘leoo! laobutiie (CHL), CHCH OF, ‘sgoatiio™ de ferment smerizaten 20; far i aol amie ope ete CREECH CHO. {Po sede snare, penta seapurl ‘the cHchyea —> Gechl-cON — CHy—cY—oH, rar el (Gra pia he Nv MELUDI eee pon. hidrogeharen eavalities a acetaldehide, wor aceie hr at Ast ie Proponsid ile dia avetilena (v. § 8:6.1.D). Grinch = Mo —> cHy-erort moat > Gig-ch —> cry cajout Aleoolat bensilio Gl, CH,OH so hidrtizaelorut fi Hf,—CH,OH ce prepark prin 7 “Aleoolii izopropilic, se0-butilie si terj-butilie se fabrick prin hidra- Fe Sane. pO Clear: r peek cig, > HO ty Cita etece > (omgecon Fete ete eb cmon oH ‘opie, bute sl iobatile se tabieh_ prin 35 in shal x am de iron a408 18, Compust hidroxtit 1. Alcott 184), Vail alcool nterior dau apa, eventual ex al compusi ameste ‘ua aestope are apne debs tal soe sero 18, Compuyihidroze I, Aleoolt 00 sola rial tren atop setStromsber trate fo) tote ane {reed Ui a slemior at aracterutce bre fide de aleft sie eelturior Oi 4O--O,caroou tale ante dup Eitan’ aleotuad prema becundat,erjn) inate yt caren tae (ret mde) Rio nipisae aT ee eee Inspectrul TE al unnt eloool, festa stage Uchida slit sou in otajic catcentrtsy banda von neawooiat de 1a3 6003 600 em" ne ‘Sure, au spate four la; in achimb opeze o band lat gt inten tnere Soo s'3 400 em", davoraes grapolor OH atociate intermolecular prin Tegitadi de drogen (fg. 18-2) “ia diluare ca tun dizolvant ne ‘iat teade in intenstato gi ve intens ‘escort. (3600-3 650° ex). ® (dg ex: CC) banda vot a40- Thunda caracterieticd grape OF oo) ow! io) Hao Sem" TO aD Soe , ° b < Spear I a Lense setae eC) ei 07M, bale 08 Mai OM ‘petre RAY. fa otal ACY lator depar, a ‘concentra nih 9 ESere Toners senna se dapaneashspre'o vale aloe Oe ths tte nd seas ipa aide eet (cinch ate depths chet 2 peor dn Detha eay-om Reon RyCHL_oMt 3 ao 2 Say Sheae OF Alea sara na day evorbi in OV 4 de acecn sint foloit en dlaoivantt in rpectroseopa (6 REACT ALE aLeoouLon ace ces loo tase ee ho By See se ss a asi et Ande sn Sn 1 re raptive (SA, 18) rm ct orate Ra ea (=O1-+ 84 —> eam om Ne #12 GHONNe + HO => GeO + OH a ar ‘bate mal tar det fonulsleoxid, de ex, sald Reon + HATH > RON Nt De ssemenea reaction ex compusit organo-metalicl (organo. “magneaieni sat otgano lis) ind hitroserbunle corepunaltaate 4 ae onidul nietlaiat respect. (la compusl organ _onisare creer carina fore taney. § 334.031183..0 8 R01 + Galen —> 2 + Ronen Root + titi —> quigs ROLL |. mecompnees nog, de met-nuanea cx asl st bn unt muta see ae (oe ie o S Aloosiai find bate tal sint eapabili & extragi protoni din grape Haein v condenare eompepior cata § 4.02.0. Dep Saree alcoxisllor ca resetanjiMleofli, ¥.'§ 1082.A° st IE i aioe econ 2 recom gy, 4c eke vp Alen reprint sted de ode item tre hie si compusil earboniiel, do-aceea lar seus In aeffunen agen ttare rode de axtare depnde de aratar sot ae to 0x aces egies ait, impului de eoutact cu cxidantal, se oxidecst mat depart I econ — auatco —> axcrow * cakeyan —> carcino —> caycoott Demat Ad bee«: 18, Compust hidroxtict I Aloool concn, > en-co-e, —9 Alooolit tertiant sint réZistenti ky oxidore. tn conditit joe de coal 2h ti Sd ap eh a ee ae ane ee aps pe mettels Cetemt toa attoe one tee as ea SSL Species te ee eee ‘ndeptstate dn ames! defo yin sare aes ae nat se weiasns ca agent oxidant. comple C90, (pid, senha ee eae es SIE Pa Sa ocraanres Gases ay ca a Sear go an nats eae AGES ett pate Sales ae eee are fe eet Gone > Meo a meer amcor — Gok +10 Se eects ee ere poeta ae a rae etre C8 tt orogtiessse EgSDOMt nu sett ch all Sete eet ah Sree eee ‘elas a tis rips tn OR nea eb Heh, fn ce pivots moda ty ae ae a apres eth C= ‘eura atts sed an ro ed reps mest Sica 18, Compugthidrosii f, Aloott a Dupt o alt interpmutate, hidrogennt este transferat intermole: Jar, sa form de fom de hia oxidant; carboestioodl fez att ‘Gebel protonaty ve'$ 242) limits aor un proton (I. Tovek, 1955) nero fete de fapt fe st hidrowen RGitiagemne cualieks we fommast compos: con iron ee HO Dehidrogenaven estliied a sloolle la compes! carboniliel este 0 ree{io tovetsbi: Dentrn deplasarea echiibrufalrpve dreapt este nice ‘ore prenenjs tl acceptor pentru bidrogenal degajt (H.W ead, 1913), ‘Weatla arco mmportana iadutriitvemstata. 12 procesele ina {ale se luereart in preren\t noe cautiti conttolate de nore oxigen rac rota de acceptor peateu bidsogen, et eave formed pi. In flal Aistor des. tehidrgenaneaslcoolat cate un proces endoterin Pectin ‘Gevine in onsosby exotermd, gi reactor uu trobate inet din exterior exon a ee (0) satan | BOGH-GER —> R-e=GHn i liminsces apel din steooll este @ motodd imporiant de sintexi fr gh fone dneatatt asinte(¥- Alchene, § 731-8a 18, Comput hidrosilet 1. Alcoolt Alcon te tn compas Ralogenati SELLE de Ways ecttaten > HBr SiC. de ZnCl, Alcolit teria seaetionetss el mat fr ss eon se => oahu + ne brs eH- olf > pec 40 Sst @ieonr pm = eHy.con + ae (ergemont > carer = 40 (ane see — (ange. once aS ae aS Reset slooolilor ou ticlorurs tou en tibromust de fostar aro ex. ‘ated an ete led al feo (aaa 0), Grup de beatae fine expt tna 9 Sana a ‘cai eno hows molecall de sivool 9 proceed te Sopot Room Po, —> nore, + c+ att G+ ROR, —> CLR + “OPO, COPE) ee nice a rt ee, Settee ere c Pen eee Oe ‘Prin tratarenaleooilor en clorar de ton, SOCIy are le nloculres ‘erupe! hidrosileu elor Tntermediaral Teaciet este Gh esterclortrl al 18, Compugl hidrosi 1, Algol a ‘eidulaienlfaros cae, nte- etapulterioa, treo in compastl halogens ‘egajind 80, estat pn ttre helo SOC ne de dian sr sn ssn, ea ts ee de ma eau pl agreed et asta pat teR04 (00-9, > R-006-R + HOOC—R nt a ee ar tan Aloo (a pail ca peimar i meds) reetabeah on it corpoxtet (in eal nds ba on ria fosoal (rat SRS" in Ste (va foal abe abe i oop 2. In ator de renee es nile nome le grap hiro, ptt A. | Bupereo oxida MH no pone \ ne—om du ou Rc=0 + noo om PAONNY Ig OHNO HO, oxidation tozugetas de plum Crea sien a le fama Cig soca aldo {(ESialaprad, 198). Diol Goeandart ata Adehidn, ee erie a (emo, Peary 7 Sat enn 8. pms ws ma ht ert ma ee f >e0H SET Ne im 18, Compust hiro 1. Alcoolt ar 0 variant experimentalt pentra raperea unl legttuntduble const {ntrataren une lelene en priodat de toda tetroxid de omni, tn solute “Tamieas, W. 8. Johnson, Din clclohexend ce objine pe accasti cale dialdebida adiped, 2H Se sanies act alehena se teoteaah ou NafO, ¢1 KMnO,, grupete CH(OH) st ‘transformate dine in ack earbosiie'respectiv (BH. U. Lemieux, B Ys ‘odlotf, 2958). : Rewcan —> RE—cHR —> RE~0 + NOOSE \ ba bu Din celopentent se obfine acid glutaric. Cy Ce ite B- | Teanapocitia plnscoliek # |) Rp —an > me-conn Ta climinarea pel din glieolt diterari, in cataish acid ia Tece. tau HEL In cad}, ae obfin cetone cu schelet idro- fst transpus Din pinacol ae’ obfine pinacolona sou pinacona48 18, Compugt hidrozilict I, Alcoot!, 4terfbulilmetilctona) (It. Pittig, 1860; AM. Butlerov, 1873). HE Ot cyt bc, 5 (ergs toc, (aoe —acatD, —F CaNye=cO~C8 ers Benin to condi similave gliottdlseemndarl aromatiel dau aldehide, =f Ga, — (GH eHnCHI=0 ideas aoc (llc eitiek aa tnguste wi rps de eta, Mecanim, react reverilt de ioe Eas, care Se ‘aed dnt B eae Cd a net dleale fe apt in carne goviar migeates WHT rupeah faematea Un ‘Staaten eats ‘maven proton i agorta result te ‘eansporiil ‘ste enengi ce se elt ln formaren grupel earn! ta Seawre (rs 342). eet ahi € 18, Compusl hdroxiil I, Alot 0 mcs. La pinacone eu © graph mil mat cats otope se obec Is fear ce a pa ocr ‘a eon meta (A. Poy ean we explich pin feveraiaten tro {reich carbocatonior intemediari Me ieee He te ty <> cod Et, nd don nk bur ox, ng Bie rn, SF cdc oe wit 8 41.2-Diolt tratati eu acid hori formeazhesteri cil, inter care stwbilzeaah prin exp if tnd am-acd tare cesta "igor de revunioseat prin couductibitatea x elstrich mare, Reson svit in periouda clasicha cigle!arganice pent stabiires eonfigartieh, fr diol eoarece num le dill dnt neeasts Tent. D, Aciditaten dlalor Grupelo Rigrosit ain composil pollidronlil an 0 sciitate mai re dec grapes OH in sleeol, Aste, lo tratare cu hidroxia! de ind aa estes, poll formenad niu insu, ‘esrent at arcoouiton Wt afzatavomeavier oxtENAT480 18, Compugt hldroxiit 1, Aloott ha, cLasiPicant. NowencuaTURA ‘Numele ester acalor fe formeas4 in mod analog eu al icon acettor ace. Hater ail nolon se tuned i ett — edule azote ita (Denaie de a ral ge wl ‘pens compa ia cae grupele NO fu NO, sat legate de radio {nt ongnio pin stoma de ht) ic eu-0-0, cn-0-50 6fic0-10, baa-s0, gn0-N0, ee et ae ee eters omarion apts rates Gea suse ae det 3 mpi ste dec aaa cuan-soxt epson ee ater aciduul sie, SOR), se numese eas esterit aca tute, BO born SO 1882, METODE BE sueTEZA -KEBD-No Fe Nos no-no rut 2 RERIENO, = HO+RO-NO, Nit n-eprmpson 2 Ho no-soy sua we Estrificare direct aleollor ea acl esto o rwactie rerersibili. ‘Ra decurge pind a stabirea nl eehilibra,Pratra a se obpine randamen . Compusi hidrosiliet I. Aleoott - fente neces deplasaren ecbiibrull fle prin Inepirtaren ape the ndepisearen eterulal din arestec. Din aleoolt gi alogenusi ace ste aciatlor R01 HO-80-€1 —> RO~80,-OR_ Dina 2-01 op |, HONP=O aa jnconene, | > oy ttt drcon ps, FOB at de at reacin topes alae x noe de alos se iets es pote amen sti cost nib sho of Sntermediare, de baleen ROM 6-80-41 —> RO-$0-C1 Ao Anson +00, —> (O,FOGI _Dseiantn ‘Alte metode, cn aplicntHmitate ‘nSafne acd deal di alchene i ack storie bio. Yen + moon —> w-f-b sont ee amen, 4,-0-€14, +80, —> IK9-80,-03%, : e014 50; —b H0-40,-001, 5 =< srk! FIZIE CARACTERISTICE. TOXICITATE, involuile inp, soluble in diz ra tent ae Hat i Tome Pom Pome [owe | eee 060, +5149 28,120, i ume de aia top rt Ba Stomatol dia é me de ain de nora ke numese Shame aC mere cape de Sef de cluluai ni de gliering. Nitatal, pentneritolli, aie su mumele de pent CEHLONO. ese Bllizat ca 8 idly slic ela de metil gi slfatl det, servese Dimetsulfatul este wm toxic puternie; detilllatl este mai tin tox. tri acidululfostoric pesints important in proweslo bio nice fondamentate ale ongamianelor Vil Beterit mouoothiosfricl int fetus Uni estert a acior fosforie a tlofosore preaintt tosicitate tare gi se utile In combateren tector in agentur. 1s. PROWURTATY cuMece Ester aczilor snonniel daw La hldroiay Yo cata acid sow ‘aie, teooll dn tare sat forms hse (invermal heeftel de forma). ono, Ho —> MOL HN, 0}50, 119 > AOI +1680, ‘in multe reset exert aciellor anonganiel se comport in, mod seemaatitor et eons iy dind Feet desubattuttenucco fig S82. Asie aim aimetsalfer lane de potasin (ln clan) se ‘bin nite (72'§-2.83) eay0-s0,-004, + nex CALLEN pety-s0. [itv de ale servowedrept agen waar $488 18, Comput hidrarilet 1 Algol “ Intrebari ee ae eee ESHA 6 Rate ¢ Gitta at! 1 tie ttrea 418, Compusi dros! 1. Alcott 4 ee eon era [spe deel de tae (ada stat ela 7 cn nae See Pigs Seer ee $i cian eames cn pentm ars oo ‘Compusul A: 02 (Up, 1,37 (ate), 2.28 (anglet lath 3.38 trp Sat tae emia seca oi =o Bee peerien ome ge pe ue st ear SR ra poatey a enone rs i sar sel 2:8 A rtp se "SS Cam se pol ati antl cate 2 esc ict NO, b Sio—Noy o, CyO~SO.R, I IauSynOn € Chibae eiedionoyn MMe Aah Ici ai ent erp etn sr ie aida oer eee TR tas ato ogi, 19. COMPUSE MIDROXILICE FENOL SAU HIDROXIARENE, 194, eaauneane, ounvetsronk (Compra hidtoxii. in care grupo. OH este teat de un ine ato rmatie se mumese prin tdi, fel. a trea ent pte ca ea Fe nee ‘ pumin a tr) ev mises pres hn on {In nomenelatara sstematichhideoxiderivatitaromatict se den Imes generic hidroxiarene, Numele fonolior se formenz\ prin adugues terme hidroxi, ea pres, Ia numele hidrorarburi su prin adres “Fovtcull of, eo ali, a eina mumelu idroearburi é o° or ao ahd pe Namerogi fenoli ow umii comme. Af, idrositolvenit ‘nunesoceezaiidrosisileni te mee aicaol, Dennis ex miles ‘a dimtienct st mas putin ntrebuinjae la ecsttreprezentan am i elo aint sa usuae Interment superior. De ex. la alehilfenohs fees mal Tung, grupa ale esto consierata ca subviituent al fenotah a i creel 2hesianel19, Comput hidroxiit I, Fenol sau hdrosiorene ‘tn compusi polihidroxiici poxgile grupelor OH se noteuad cu ele eee opti won snag UG LA oan ee ae wh Dn f eee nee 92 smuerumh, mnormmrkrr camacramistice: on, pea ree tes eee ee Intry electron neparticipanti i oxigemnat gf elasroui = at benas- null are ioe 0 itr nucleate fn general, cu pondere mare la nares Teall molecu ‘de sareiah necosta consum do energie. in etroat. Structure ‘aa contsbule, ‘legarece desptr™ Ini este reaultatal, epresentnh in atracturile (36,2 6.8-§-5-% = ‘as! oO a a & 19, Compugl Ndrosiet I, Fenol au hidroaiarene wr Geometria inelulat Denzenie din fenol este onoleagl cu 9 Snellut ‘enzenie nesbstitut, Tn polifeolldistanfole interatomic nu aint egal. bac See al ater an Te en re AGPRGin) peste aces fell Neneniey stucucis lm na fu saveini desplrtite ct sate img dls -G-0-9-8 ‘Struct electrons fenolula is fopubut fenaxid are conseciny® fanupra resclivitift oucleul si grape! dros “Ashton fonoltr. Fenolit sit ‘anh Beh. Ar ou 10 St 0s HOY rap fal dey alo Acasa edt i ues lalab (pis 18) ca §f majoritatesaleoolor (pi, 1618). SaTar-wtntituh variaak em natu substitventulalas 19, Compush hidrosiic! I. Penolt sau hidrosiarent Diack miegorare, respetiy mle acigitiidfenolilor ar deter: rninat® numa de acest eect, ae de agcopea ta substcuental st efi. hene mi putermic in posifia ‘orto, aL efectul Hi sea in meta i #8 fie cel fot slab: posite pra cea maf Tndepartata de geupa OH [eenteal de efi fndeumonent ch eft tnductteseade distant. Dateleexpe- iene ua) concord eu aceusth prevedere eran ave eer de conjugnre, pagent nett de acidtate'a fot, fect este mat siete 0, sei oa was este Fe eee aes ae fa pms aan Daa pee tet grape NO, a ‘para nites considera satan, Tatrtenalil pie, “of este uma aa tane elt vii mnonoeatboniliet (py 45), Ronin encacidel-teftuoracet (ph, 0). Satie, ref de subst {ile soln a se A. | Din acini eufonll gl hldrosta ean asop SES geo Ee amore Sr. su de-yn i aci a seoa (yg q0 ae Paco atc (opin (fia) eas date pe aida, sob TR Cae estcid benzentatfonie se obfine, De accasth eal, fenot (A. Rekulé, cassie Ges 19, Compuyihidrsiic 1, Penal seu hidroxiarene oo Din acted a saw f-matalinsn line a: rexpectiv pnt. QC eo Coe Aeansctein, state! saghseteine eto Meconinm de yeole, Substivatin grupel sulfoniew fi este‘o mite stomaties cleat decargind pri ule hare (vs § 1773.0), Joe in dou etapes 0 eta ent de forinare aint Anjonie a etap apis in eaze are Toe lininaren anion ine priate prin itermediul sirurlor de avon J arse ning tet > arf te 2 eign | Prin tran aminelor_peimare aromatics eu seid asolus sae igen, tb ar Motu are toe desesmmponcrea st Mlotmarca deena (45 2483.1) Me "Dan anil se” obtine pin ‘ome, I Ine, rece in Fen0 19, Compupi hidrosilit I. Fenolt sau hudrasiarent Metoda nu se aplied pentru sinteza s-naftlulal deoareee f-nat lamina se bine lara elim naftol (©. § 22.4 8). ‘n-Nitrofenolal care nu te poate objine prin nitrarea direct feuotul pte ff obfinat di itrobenzen pri erst acted Oe Gr de. ‘De asemetus, prin est proceten este necesthil m-eorfenoll es oe Oe G. . | Din compost hoogenaft gf hldvoxte ale Gt —> Gah oN, —> GIL-O8 Conti; NeOH 10-356 temp SA pe 150 a a Atom do Radogn in compet aromatic wnt neweted (ef 1.6. Sumrtft Ralger rum ace ov mame com een ie Saperata'e prota! ua Garbateanl anatase ot daa miefid nero pas Cubur imac a SF sab pres $row 3D prem en's ae 1325" hed de mds Co Hoduh weunaite formas fester, “OC. fn see’ ot Ribs nacet arate rai Toe pein sidminarsaife eerie ‘ Anloenires alee ee eu gtupe hidroxil, dificil ta ee, Sac ae tee a preci ems As Being ene tra de grape intron wns In os iii os sha yrs: Ruta 42 uelorbensealaefionent ea ba fer potasin ts 150-200" presume, dnd 2,4ailorfenl. ffi Ay Vs = lle sctivarca prods de grapole neo este Incl mal aceentuath, Aste, ‘potrocloriensenl teaehoneash en oli dilgate de hidrosid ia {or'2.tdmitroclorbensentl reacfigneash In 80-100". Tra grape nitro i Donic n, op setivearh seatebitde paterie Naleenty clara de Sierh ge uideiceuas cu np tntosmna os deriva cu eet mai feaetiv halo deen (etenifelormetan, vf 17.5, sam cloran ade, v. § 272) 2 Comput rae Fen mm itraiarene 4 tininate fe eeu fe ha p20 “Wr ="C tes fc, & , Ancient, AnH rat eye 0 n fenok gf aceton consti importante pentru objin cfis ate dou etape distinete : formarea hidropeti eee ens evn ee promotor (promotor pant chiar hitoperoil se ete Miseinare'mecanen halite anja (vranteiions. Midyear ‘lor, § 5.6.10). Transformares hidrmperoxidali ae cumen in fend [Acotoni este- reaetie fonied. a are le in eatalizh eld (acid. sulfa | A¥ind a intermeian a semetal a eetonel (vs § 246.140), Fue os Be om eo oO Cimen—Weroperonid ee \ yo = on, Senicaal Mets epic industri pinta ober altr fen (i 1 pratt, stun ao aetona.” "tT" OM bs ee ae402 Compust hidrovitict 11. Fenol sau Nidrosiarene | compe hei Pr sn ‘ 1943, SOITEEE SPECIPICE ALE FENOLILOR FOLITIDROXELICE Ploroglue 4 8e obbine benzen prin urmétoares succesitne se panto i ne pean mee i. e a eee ee eta, y ’ eee = O+ 0.6 ar om on Ana awn, H0- on Ly alee ie) "proce 2 sume NATRAIE, MIZODE INDUSTRIAL PINT OnyEvEHA tAOH Fenolul si xezoli se wise in gudroanete de la distil de plain (v. tabla 111) do unde te Izaeaah: prin tizavare de sod st spot acidulare. Termeni individ se sep pris 5 a! Fd ten exc ng open = Seage catanlae ee yy oe fit nia ecarctee ate ante et sett ce pia | RR aie en nn re pn dat no |g ea dame fe a ae ain or res tetera at) Fca bhcte C ge SqESLRER Soe Sere eS | cpa Sh io ee So an R i f b=a=O* On Oe me C 2 Y ee, Be en cet ea ea a pa tr mt pence cee rarer gg i st tno sete Se on nln | ia Secetclin we cote pdt Sats uno tain enn ns Sei neat iar eel en a Bec pi nti nnn tat41 19, Compusi hidroxet I, Fenolt saw hidrosiorene Tiehid ma dens deett apa, sore exe o sole de pin enol (ihid tx un ak ne TgaT thtetoe Din table te teal oa ‘pat mmc pata; ardacalestcaal ste staat faa ee dene ‘ru shia, De serene Sctubtitateaovo'aitofenntata in dizlventi onganiet-nepoack eet -et PRprietafidiferite ale iomerilr se explick prin bgturile de hiarge de tip derte ce exst insert ome omc rte pam, molecule sin legate tte se prin tgatur de drogen Fate $title inte grupele OH sori de oxigen din srupele neu san hoo il din molecule difete. Paton. mia mare se-tlecale eae s0 Gt el ate sole a aps erento ana 419, Compusi dros I, Penola hidrosierene 4 ‘Spare IR. Vreexenta vibrated de vsleufh xrupei OH nowool lin tonol este euprina inte 5.994 93.630 cat“ Algor ferven Sia din fenoll (in comparnfie eu aleuol) se ditoreste Sonja di iecroni pai gruped OtP eu inealatomatie, exer dp eke feanstantel de forts a legitueit OH, conconaitent a iii 8 Ini tegatast ¢ 0. Grupa OF din tenoit asociagiabsoarbe ka 300—8 500 con! In apectrat RAC grap OH sera La 3-408: ppm ralal'3 19,3 160 pu Aenolit anon, avapue OH a semi in tite ‘in benzen' (S737 ppm), proton eto in fenol st ecru 4 ppm, ec din meta ex 0,1 ppm 9 et din pare eu 0,4 ppm uP atoms et grup : nse D, Sore densebi de pediclorbensen (x. §-17-) Akos 23D. cca attri Supra of valenjelo oxigen Ti ey tel ‘momentelelegiturt OH fae tm unghl en an motets. fu unolo oe ‘ule aceste momente se eompensnarie in atele dau testa 94 xen ate Frxouton ue Att female sit caractertie asi rp! Mido re A. | Formarea de sirurf, Fenosiai Dees thane ‘ab deci acl curbote (pk {09}, de ewes el ponte tps In liberate din iru ale char eee/ 496, 19, Compusi hidrozilici II. Fenoli sou hidroxterene eid, Pe sewustt propietate se bazea separateafenolilor de acai organi Inferior, de ead forme sam acid efi, are haut pu ber tte din’ savant lr de etre nota ean Tonal fenoxi este o har mai sla deat onl hidrosid evident dal tna fra anja neato sd ta deren {iv onines fenol apa lool). Baatitaten mat mick a iow Teno- Sia se datoreash conju sareinn negaties nail Tota 1a oxigen (Goin slenci) f dant tn nucle, tendinge oxigen ea accep firocon (iazitaten) este diminaat. ‘onal fenoxid este wn renetant nucleo (are afyitate per eu ear ton), Beste inst moet ma la ete iam alcoxid din eas eon {Birt care microreaet draakatea de electron oxigen. Teeaite SNZ-e% fin tenoxil ‘au hoe mal greu in eondiit mat energce de temperate) cit tele toni alos lor (8 2013.8) “Wreai metic al fenolioe se obfia wor prin reacts fenolior ex i (. BBA secon ita > ae-ocon 4 net + wag arian mom oma a ae as te enol us eateritic direct, In inerire lor cu acai enrboxitic (deouaine de ooo VAT, FTE af Este, € 27.2.4). Sintra eh rn ielr ob ag ere ‘See tie er rtm shaw en cea lh nel (rar de et, B negeneee oh petoms i lc ae woe SRE ae a-01 0 Ge oco HE ee: \Compupl hedrecittel Ii Fenott seu hidrostarene ‘a Uneort (mai ales ein se utilizes lara ale nevi eaofia se efeeenas prin incaien teveranfior, Ht absenfs: base onal {In eazulelorunoe acide atabie in solar apes en de ex. elon {—avidutut bene, sear ve poste ee prin trate ie slag ten fn hid le tin (fenonad en eonur acid one (mtn Seat fen Houma) eres clorun salfnied aromatic, de ex. eactonenst et foual dnd betsonsatfonati ca-0f A506, > Tevetia fooler ex anhidriele seal carulied ae bx i cas Ya nes (S0,) a Dash (pins); despre nena sotstel Teac Vata. \ GIR 01 + (HH00,0 —> «a4 oF, + COON Pentru esteritieares fnolilor d- 1 poibidvoxiie! se wine sou ea moto. [ a, (® « reas oa atone peat goa ie Manas ¥ LL: Compast mondrmbetirige sonnei ie haar ee ete at i mui rita (v, exemple mal dopa) Pi ‘enol in omparain el ‘pin cies leetromib fa ira in fon ‘ect it fk intermedia sti Wlapelo sabwtitatiedeletrfile a fenolulul Mber implied un exon ‘0 eletron osgenutul, cw attuotur vinel cetone protanate98 19, Compusi idrosiiel IL Penol saw hroxiarent Acexts plerde proton de la oxigen spre a tree into moleeubl neue, ina stese in anemic dit font le Detenca dec al sabi se Bliminates protonula(raperen legitarit CHD are loc mai ert atin intermedia devin dees tra on de benzene nd ‘iu Conjugat ttl hdrmcarbr elimi wor proton). Fx vee ‘Sie Suites omer eat ia onal fenorid ote mat react dat eno ier- leanne 0 ear cant nots nntoagt nepartsts soup etl somadle Prin fa ‘Sevres eee acetamide Laermer Net | 19, Compt dros I, Fn su Nidrsiarene 1 Wola reatows (0S Su da Sotenol Prin ‘erate fenoluba tn” prex (Pet pa en ee ens mien seein SEER iarieeg Sanh eee ces fee Gree pt orane ea cen aes ie senarea Eximate. sie 8 mt supe ainect lye tbromtenol a ora us Sls enalifit am se poe inal compas erveste In dozatea tontiatia folalt, Tteontenet-——_Dibromehinond eee = —19, Compusi hidroxiich If, Fenoli saw bidrosiarene daly racine dec cy fal, Kalra Ceol meaty aie teeeeriodienst. ‘te sens 3. | Suter “ ne Ome Or * bow at | mz ra atare oo c ell salfie coat, sb 20% inp desta ear, sr abine um amie de eal 9 gore ‘Miate i eterna thera rt kaise a inaeangnt ‘anal do aed tab espera peste Ta" se obra TIN pretension, sore ake roves ( § 21.12), Aca tno sont ors reed ) irate abe leer ere aio fore Eh Sind inet ma un fe soumaleat aca at sabi imi nial ore oan Saliomres in condi nal enetgce doe Ia act 24-fnoaialto nis = + oN ease oo Fenolal di la tratare ox acid azotes pare nitrozofenol ait: de ‘putin on uitrons deriva (raport 1:1). Agental de nitroare estefan {te nitesonity NO", slestoft slab, capubil i reaoftonere numa eu um Iniclen aromatic mal imbogifiP i eletron! (eno, amine} dar m4 eu bio ‘arbi aromatic (¥. 8 28.2), a 29, Compuyt hidroilit I, Fenol saw hidrosiorene oom “Nitromfenolul este tautomer Cu ehinonoxima, ‘Trunstormare’s unt ‘untomer in elite ev oe prin intermedi sonia! oman, atin p-wtrosotenat nanos, «ff self : a Be iam fi " xb of Pio CL ijoz0:o° enol reofioneas ea acidul azote diuat, la emperaturaeamerey ‘an amestee de oro. paraaitoteool. Ot aeld tm comeentr 6 ‘Badin: fi 2@-teniteotenol saw we ple.0 19, Compugt hidvostit I, Fenoli sau hidrasiarene (iste diterit ae "in aitraren fnolalal cu ack 1O-GI4-N0+ HON, > 10-63, -NO, + In resettle de nitrire eu acid azotie saci aulfurie agentul de ‘trae este ional de nstrnit, NO;, ea ai in alte reel de nitrate aro huatiel. Revofea decurge dupi meesnismal SE desoin fa § 12,88. ‘Pentru aorienta grupele NO, ta pose orto (2 i 6) de multe or tat se sultonetad fenolul ‘prin inellav eu acid slfuricy spo acid paren. ‘lle se tratetzt eu acid azoti, ln reve, Grape mallonied se Inder “eu ltero (©. § 21.4.8). fn eondiit pain ma eergice ae lores sep lle esta NO om on ow Sie See ee fos " oe Api No. a oy ntocuines grapel safonice eu grupa NO, are ea intermediar font ‘de bwnvenonin este simint molecule mente’ $0, O eee I. Comput dros I enol sa hidrossarene ws 2, | Alene foo a pci-e (de hy —cir=oh ‘ é enero | A ch —En—cn—oh, Okc, Dinitro-derivatnl aoetui compas este uit in protectin planer ‘eu acariid, ovild i lerbieu. ere a aor WH i ‘Corara de ter-butlreafiones28 cu fenolul, Is Insite, fi eat “fn noeite Cindi fonimten olorilat ete favoricats ewes al insu enol Aldehidetenotion fe Menetis Helier ‘emam,ot 19, Compugi hidracilet 1, Fenoli sow hidrasiarene sity rane ota aut hidroxi de sino eine ‘vio idrosiberalicid"(clesldeid) pare hdrocbenahidt (ities Tema, 1870. a Satteza Heimer ~ ‘Tiemann este 0 reactc de ubstitute elect fi iomulat tenon cu, diehomearbend (w. $174.4), aenata din rms ‘uneionind ca rettant electrota (y. $12.6.4). Diclomeierivatal inter- tian trece prin hid ty aldehih. =0* G- 02" s 5 , [tre ef 4 Z Crema a tHe siiming ptr esas ‘enol oer toot reucfoneaza eu un amesteo de acld clan ‘dre si acid eloniidee useat, in preven de ctaflztoneletro. dd ‘Srbidenthl une aldimae, eae se hada In aldekig fn eal feno- Ire utizeasy drept edalizator,clrara de sine; eer fenolor fee {Heat tn prexebta tora dealuiinis (aceasta dit rm eae di {ERLIG cme ein tein cet emetic ps “Auental de substitutie este o clorari de formimid, neizolabili, format pei ndifia aes eloriide la edu edi. S420 —> cae sane 19, Compugihidroviliet I. Fenol saw hidrowiarene 8 Nit wesw enol in prezets de HCL use intocmai ‘cael chai. Se ob eetone folie oat ele Ion avn [patea'se n posilin para, Intesnuenea eae este clin », Trumaponitin Breas estelor enol fa G oR Pisceiacitere! ster fenolilor, La trate eu AIC stort o tramsporiie deta supa tmucfionalt la uct, dind ceione fenolice, Transperifi are hot frmolectat, Grupa ail tgrewsl de preferin in pervs ‘Meconinm de ‘ult ester, tzeco in woaulfenoxid, foarte fenetiv, cae reason en fomutseeut pri substitatie elect wen se Bcoct, ak, > ae-Q—ecocy = ae! eh, + ny tr-BeRey¢wBocay 2 AB sar Bm enyeo? 64, Be eHyCo 44-014 cist fenolii, Sinton Kolbe ~ Sehinitt oO Tonal fonovid reetionensi ex oxidal de carbon, in condi it anh 125" gL atiny dit saren nekdaltortbkdrosttenaie sat weit ‘Heenogia ae ecu tn vs ch 4 mo | ie /. oa |on 10, Compuglhideoritel I, Fenol sau hidvoxiarene isonet nese sre ta ea arate * on ow : ame +I LZ nates ou og ai eta i bioxidulut de carbon, eleetofi slab, la nueleut bogat in Sonat feos Tutte anionil orto gh pura hidvosideivailor se stables, Ia. team perstus init an coir ente este dept in favoare formed ti Mune termodinamies 19, Comput haroritiel It, Fenlt sau Nirasarene ow 1963, ACT NRACTHE ARE: FENOLILOR St POL WENOLILON | A. | Hidroyenarea catalitid B ofd | idrgeara clo» fecal in yroveah do sito (I niin, 100 Gece athena tpn etches (18 | 1. | Oxtre fir, Rate Mes ss aoe eno wi mato in ani a agen oxitang, Pet nin yoionta dota oxigen Wi eaare und cron tre ordant (Phy | Poo) oe formal maleate fen (at nafs) eu xara naa Sir odive. Seng male, nots in pet de vere sti, se nal ean pea eusfupr eu elton llamo pa prin in ere eau roche ov oxigenal (pros),0s 19. Compust Mdrasiiet I. Penolt seu hedrasarene Aste, din enaftol se objine dibidroxi-binati Poe ad ‘To-trt-tifenoln se oxideasi ex feriionueh sau POO, a eal- ata bee "THeter-utvenoxil fatbastra) carey la tet, a ah pecosid ‘To-ter-utifenolu ete utiiza eu inhibitor toca datorit espa uy la tm de eg tea tee nn el er Inert | Reach de oxioredacere ale 125i L4ihidroxibengenilor Aye S80 ert-chnan Hidroehinons treee prin oxidare tn pare-benzoehinon’ (sau chi ont); ehinona trese rovers, rin Feducety in hiroehitons. La fel so ‘Shmport ptocstabinn an eare se formosa vre-banrehinoiy et 19, Compusihidroste 1. Fenol a hidrosiarene om tare cu oxid dle arpint in eter, in prevsnts de slat de sod, petra inde preamp e i OO = OO : seDhicevnatlnd ite nt, em) oil ai rua edo, “Reaofla de taldare are loe Sn dlaplom Mdzochivonel 4 = a i at 4 i 2 j Despre teorin reacilor de oxido-reducere ¥. § 25.4.4. ‘Mdrochinnuee formeasd ew chinonee respective ewes 1 ‘ular (hinbidrne)y ealorafy coructeristicl fete pererhi He ehivon Iidroninont. Chinidronete Se Torment 91 ih cual ods hit Hoe inchnain respi reducert chinoclorls iden 4253.0.) 'D. Reac{it de eulare ‘Faqoll enol d- plibirosiil daw en ota apoase deena fore, colors taracteration tae sense eeuencre ogmaje rose exo “sibastd, rostehin wre SERN Caen ve ceteld pba elt ork Poa "E Raniit peioe unr pltenal 212-dosi y ete in Dz i ‘elie “adie, Sn 28 1 ao 7ow 19, Compugl Mdrociet I. Fenol saw hidrasserene enolit 12 oi Ldhideosiel sin ayn reduetors se utiues cos revelatort fotograties (poate, hidrochinata, $1 pga 189, sem eyCrOMENEA ENORALOR gf A PENOLILOM oH Suna anemic a hin i ‘lias Tipal cl ai frcven do fantom este foment iia aoBent ales ie et pin oe wn proton 3a ume ou 4a ita Inga de (pers de eee HL-0-G3t, = ame SHY Glym0N + CL Be > Gt —0-cry + Nate Reactia consts intro substitutie nuclotitt ahalogeni de oitre ‘oma loi fv. Subsiuia aac SAS, 91773). 1a repatarea tenor feo, sol de fond reactant nucleo. ‘i substittte Rafogenal dn halogenura de alc. Reveia tverst Hann ‘tae ual compus halogenat aromatic ev un aleoval nu duce 1s reel fat deoarece, dupt cura se ste, halogenul aromatic nu este reaciv in Tene: HESN2 normale (v. substituia aueleof sromatios, $47.53). Cette + tet — Hy tte GHo8 + Chom ee cao, {In eal compusiorhatogenat s wtitienst si sll de ali, in ‘are grupares OSOgH eate desea de oni icon sade on fens (apres Bsyocy A eocoy + Dwreeh> el ena a hile np oie in loreal tr fir 96 ntgent dealt prima pein ea cu msi SN, Sa 4S Sapna font kau ssh fc (C1 E—0- 1 + eye Hest -Omct re eage-asenyt a pene on, cau ZN st te aD poeta ‘ter aromatict to pot objiae din fauoxid i iod sau boytabenzen (clorat este mai putin reactiv), pra thelr ta 200 In prevent de roms ‘do cupra (reujit P- Ulmaan, 1903). Ga 088 FGM BE > GOO + Nae (Qo set at tt et snd or gsm wom (4909 sa Mak AND Be tmp 20. Beers mt Formarea eterlal cic dinaleool ei acid sulfuric, la inelxire (140%, este eanoseuts de malt (Valerius Cordus, 1040). Spre deocebire de Dprepaiaves tenet din acest reiclang, le preparasea terior raportul {iar eld i aleoot este savers, fi anne se Iuereazh exces de alcool sti tenperaturs ja Gi-O1 + HOC, — Cao 0 Mecgninm de_revetic. Btextcares sleoollor poate decurge prin (eae a ca ‘pont 4p presenfa apei exist o competitie intr reveta aleootlul_pro- tonal =O, eid sau ape tea dea dun meaclie? HOU! P= Rone 10° hn pote seme te Prepare dient decurge prin mest $2, coon eatin CoB + caine — Gh G-erh + MO GaH-o-ea KO" Prepartea ter tbnatietran, cae ve reales pin taanea unui amestee de-aleool bute terfar Ai metanol cu sel, ecurge pein ‘mecanism SN1, econ EE cryyc—oen, cane, = eugene ae anger + 2a, > cyber, Br cenye-o-en, C. | Bet mete ai Senor din eno diazometan | eakon reais, > cao, + Fenolireactioneash eu diaometan, in scfie eteic, ind etext mest “iol, mai putin ace, rwetioneae uma in present de cata ator, code ea I, Dua-deiaft ate BBBos 20, Beer 204 SUSE NATURAL METONE DUSTER Numorosi teri ge fabric Ia coor industrial, find utiiath ea Leto me dt i ee Seo eae 2exKoHt > cty-0-h 140 Dieu url ile eae in alle win de amare het etge in preven. deat prin shorn stone in acid aul fsobmpaeres sultan eel we ob stmortec de eter eile i etanol, yor de separat pra distiare, ‘Difenfeterl (dfenllosid) ve objine das brombeuaer sf fepoxid de sodin (metodn Ulmann; este tiizat ca agent de transter termi. ‘Biri fenlici, Bterul metilio al fenkulas anna 9 tera etic al {eqotuul,foneteted objnut din enol dunt respect dietoaat) ‘las i aintere de medieareate a eolraat SoM st 5) ai mios pleut de fort de vo i de ain sna taney ‘Te gudronee de fa distiireslemnului se loleant etert mle at Dirocatehitel, gualacolal $i Yeratrolul ‘In plante se giaesocter enolic, de objec metleer. Acistosabstante ‘tule distlabe eu vapor! de npi falar eerie) su minos plied Se fort at se uillzazt in parfumerie: late sent wert fell se renege ‘sea ltl Grup ae lone a fr eo ‘atu peopent ‘strigl te objine anetol, din eugenol, tet (Beno, dit satioi, incatrol 7 Se ree Ch —cHCH, j borne, stone vga! 1. Bteri Ue et el susan complica, etal core er RS a ee aos. pnornecrie ric pean rr inspec canoe are oem peandaee ante oe ea {In pametde de flerbere ale eerie inter, a ie a} we ce preci TE can poh « rr ett Pere cee ere sevens Sees Saeeatnen at kt ote spectral TC, proton fein ca ci oxigenul eteric sit pega e eee set ie oe =e Pe ete er ceo ate tere uae reser einnat cme tors oo tert sit qubstange stable fas de msjoritates reactive duct, De aove, ete intern se ulizeaa ea iztvanf in nurnroas ‘Hi chins Se font iri chinis, stein o avo de rene caret Aatorte ogee eesti atomior de barogen i pont = ‘A. | Banh le oxigen. trie, Sra de omni, As aie (sigan stro ae carter sla base, Oa ai mineral ta formaga irr dons analnage satin de iy de ramus ioe Riare ‘in substange ste oj tr inlisie le diocias th ster) sed= 20, Beert Siruile de oxonin au vel important fa reaoiile de aeidoias ale tril Latnajaren un eter eu ani todbidse e obtain prima ety area de-ouomi care, into” etaph teronriyrexefloneazs foal de ‘outs cleat prin wee SN se formena aloo fodure respectin ‘acl unl din rajeai lel este un atcilterfiar, sare de oxoni poate disoeis In alo) am carbocaton tertiar; aceasta se tabilveued 1 alehend, iar aloolay ew exces de HC teee in compas Fada cone o-om 2 eae Bea Seige s wm * (eile omena, Hon Anisolul ta indtzie ex TT, fenol yi jones de mel rupenea ste siehitoxigen. cm-oay 2 en don enone eat ste utigat in chim anaes pentru dazaren retort HO, sa eto, CHO, In ete folie {netoda Zesel) Toate {aot He eetamal formate donee eotad de weg w ichiultle deadly A bee st asi mire ae ‘a temperatari at Inlle, devarece lol deb SCL st mal Pals nucleofili decit I~. ace ita slndirea tetahidofuransis! cu HCL se adangi deept catalina Za cae complereak ex igo tee) fl So obits Siicorhotan es cmenenencat mA Diariteterii de ex. aifenileteral my 50 seindeaas, Hoslogenurle deficitare in eleotous de fel HY, formea eter ‘composi stabil distabiy num eteral: eceratl fiom de. bar (pe 326°) ate un moment electeie mare ¢ — 5.20 D), fh eoncordans eu si tra "dipolar say 20, Bert iru de Prin trataren erator ev fuori. de slhil ve bin eeu, de ‘rialcdlononity nabie Ta temperntira fous; ele abt age de ali Duteruied(eedenad earbocatton) (H. Mectel) feign, cae > yg ne (aug BeT sO > ROCIO MBF, X, Neameia Siruile de tsfeiloxomin sint agent de feniare (4. nos). Ale se objin din nirun de Deusendiazonia si difemieter. ce DE + GMO eH" jowil de halvogeh invecinati ex oxigenul eteric (poritia «} ion ‘parte, eu mull usutingy ln Feaeit homie. 2, Antoidares cttlr Neo = 0 ROH | en) ; sitet Hine autos a er, forming higroperoia; ot tap shen aesin se Wanstms i peat pliner (leh SURE STONE: env ein ‘estar ast snail Be Indepirtarea peroxizilor din eteri, acestia se rail on, 9 sori it fel se conserva pe idrosid de sh 2 SSE Sati fecna oa ve pstrenst pe sa oe ult iete Sica designe feat de wh carbene no ures gcsehtdewst Ditoprapietertseoxiear chat (erento cane 0p > «eNe—O-EE, ter{-Patilnetileteral mu ce autoxidear, 1, Halogenarea eteritor Pe OOW' + Sy > RON OS HX, ) x-om oni ns ewe ‘tel renefioneae’ cw halogen, in conditiy de reset homoliien (Quin. promoteysastitad ex stem de Midge as posiia Cie OCH —F CHLOE ea He se utiliza eu pe Reaetia decarge eu mare violent, de ace coufit speciale,ue 20, Beer ©, Reatii ale etoile fenoieh san eselile crasteretice sle terior femal slat datorate salut 1, Substitafia electoft inelulud aromatic esc ane ROO. ona: eae et neta aomatis din etl fant A. eae tice de subttaia ectsam ‘aromatic. : wre, nitare, alchilare, acilare, sulfonare et m in poe mts ome wreee de Se ee etree (v. § 19.6.2). 3 ee = ihHeadcew ou notin fn amonae eid (reuoere Hirsh) | bah scene INO ede He pata o § eda us fen cat (dna de elton) amie Liehid gt metanol (door de proton) duce aan wok ete ste ‘ce prin rol trece fa ‘efelakexenons (A. Je itch, 1844}, cot ‘crs 8 C= oe Ka we LZ 2 2 st tee scm, up Hn an cll ail (180 ss Lem 4 Dy, Ey oa tert fonolion sled care formas usor cuthocation! (tert ani, secundart a eal) se transpun tratare eu etalzator eZ {ieg0y si act Lewis es BF AIC) ot parealhitfenol. Tn ears $2Sieteunaporitit are loc mighen ictal fea de oxigen La mule, Ce tee p15 eee: ae : Ka, + met — + ben, 4. Tonpoxitia alter, Traporiia Claben | a ey O-Alleanlié se transpus, l incilsre, 60% eatallzator, In oto litt (L.Clasn, 3912 in thuixprziin Clases: atonal de carton lic marginal. se test te agonal de tarbum orto at hucleal tent. Reve este evident f. ‘otf cer emo moece, OF aS neon, ti Usa ‘Rego ane mecaniim coacerat (6. § 14.0), ruperea logit 6-0 erind toe simulta en forsuanes legaturii OC, “Pranspori ia deci Printeo tare de transite eile! st este w teaclae de igre semat Topics Roel rnaporiti Cope (v-¥ 141.0); eu cote denmsta de tee 3 (Ns posite ost Cope, By a Wo, ic fe | hes ct ice 1 -OBoren, {canta un atom de oxigen instar inttun hele efiOM 96 eigen nto nun stag te ta nat a tut ge kn, al ga coeptaatios ‘te la unde iloleanae ‘Numa eteri lal an denamit comme inzats in uz, esa Rea" onlay! oa Q trois Teron. Teron Fe iat (ar FReMir teil ca clea do tre atom! to videmant petite in sami ine Gr dear Stina ec ereuoxt) $1 numiritealcétuite din sumels hidrocarburii saturate prece” eta epost a Ba “poxipropan ey 10. Bert cs 0 serie de polieteri clei eu formula generat (CH,CHO}y, con ssiderajt formal ea ‘ter coroand. tr t8-coroers S| ‘922. smucrunt. mornimrit! canactenistice 1p Sitges ei el dep domi, Jui Ta eporizi cei dot atom de carbon si atonaul de oxigen seat tn aoe ‘hl plan, Theta de tre este teusionat.Culdurn de arts eifenosdal ‘de S02, keal-molh Sea Jn tetraniarotaran atomii de carbon adopt o conformaie sem ‘sted 3 ge tal oxigen pi Sate te a dae Cy sil on stom de hidrogen simu fie elipati (HT: Bll, 1962) 1 ‘Oxmnal ar conformafic sean. Acest ete any lisifi de tenshane, sab nevactia, ‘nas. MeTopE De suvtezk {Pail eter colic pot ft obfinut prin adaptarea metodelor genemne de sintead ale terior acl. ‘au unele metode de sintest ype ‘lhe. ‘A, | Sintezo de epoxist . Dim alchene gi peracisi AatiiecH—R > n-eecHn No” Conaway rc COM, CO a)28 2, Bers », Din haohidrine prin tratare ex 1 cana tnt 6 011 KOM ve COED, ‘Halobidrinele daa, ty eatace ex hidroxietslealini (NaOH, KOH) ‘wa eu Ca(OH) nt caudiil bide de teraperatury eposzl. La contiis ‘nai ehengice att loc deschiderea Inelulal epoxide 4k se obi diol AMecenisn ste reoeie. Substitufc wacooftdlremacewiardy SN2. ‘Ellmingren de hdraeld din halahidrine este o eacie de substntie hace ‘Hat SN2"intrumoleculars in care wectantal tuckeofl este annul rus Del hidroxi a haloes, ¢ a ke \ Sag pa an ear sidiat mal Ge balogen ent siesta pee roar i Sogo eer Eee Scares og To Teo By fi. Or p agi re ei k ce eo couenaii rn a, Ialohina loons soma cntomerat tadas indeplineste condifiile anticoplanuritigit EI AE eactn compusior carbene stand conan © mets feewall be tigate Sapstition Mads ae mall wae dears ‘Speak acon na aso sco Despe modal de obfinre nl Rawle rain wos feonn srbami cs man | Sintered eter ex it al mast | eae nado F en Aite-o1t Sey x nese ‘Pentru sintensle de eer cielil ea citar ma mani de tei atom se plies Varnante ale react de oliminare intrimalectliet de af dn dl, GPiprecentt de esd sulfuricy sau tenefi. de tbat inteamoleab rs falogenulus de eStee aniounl wlensid al unt ‘campus halen Aidvosiie 7 ‘Oxetannl sax tsimetilenosidal se objine din 2,3-dinidroxipropan rin tnwtane eu aes aulfuse Aa dn Ielor-s-hidroxipropan prin trate tu baze o-angHgn—on > ‘Tetrshideofuranol se objine din 1,f-butandiol (format prin reae~ tie Reppe din aceteont 9\ fonaldchidt St hdrogenarea aleolulat sets Meni, Pe {'S.02-k.n) prin desbidratare wales ackd8 heterogen Astorth faptaind od eee donk grape hadrosl he cin inte Conformatie clsid58 20, Bien Ciliates este favoriat taf de reein de tertiary inbermole- ‘lant poi factorul eatropie caren variant ia pram car (diate-9 mole SE, Eg fo" 9 otc po nd i ean Interior par Adoni molecule spre'« form ta ngur vy tesa er a ‘n etopidefuraic subett so objin st prin hidrogenartaeataltios'a neal! furan. Pe aceasts ale oblast terabiatrand eoll ute cu 1 teerandrotaranl ‘ep disolvaa ae ae erates Ayd-Dipxanal se obfine din gligol prin tratare eu acid sulfuric. In ‘est ear are loc condensare nice ous mbtsule de geo. Reachis deetngs in dook tape! Homeyeayon | cayman ett womengate-o > Congsee-on Senay ‘Numerosi tei cite! se obfin la sent ndstra [Beles se obne i indaatre prs teere unl amesee do sexs sine posto ear de angint tin iad Seer aad here a te te ne Sere Propenosidl, (termellr iaportant i saiede hme ate pice sne(y 84) cotati dia oped pomurntoana scott i te ih co selina wh 5 dloxanul se fabric prin procalesle dese eas genomnurét rrzice ‘ellmoxidul ae p.£.12°, propunoxidal are pf. 43%, tetrabdrotu ‘nul 67 $f dioxanel 101, Sit solubil i aps.Teteabidevtarana Hd ‘oxanalsint misc eu opa, tera aleolal 9 ultima sex bens, 20, Bier, ce ‘a spectral 1 al epoxzilor troovenfa vibrate de valeafh. C1 fapare peate 3 000 an-" stveate eareristie elas tensionat dot ‘tom (v. eelopropan, 9.2). mp special AEN protonll legal de inelal epoxide‘ puterne devecranai, Ia 3°240--8,00 pom. - tx aca ce a, Sica cot lt Hah aa eat ae sme stun ea hn ren sper PY aus neactu enumier ou, excepfia tilnoxidului, sint substante stabi himic, neractive, ca 4 eter aol, Retrahadroraaal sf dioxana ie ait ‘© eomportare deosebitt au epoxill care, datorti ensiunil di tut de toe int substanfe reaotive. Bi dau Yeah entaeteristico oii feu desehidere de cela A, | Meac{is eposiilor eu api ti alooo tod fon — dered + ad Epoitil‘reachoneasi ou apa gi dy prin deschideres colts coxiraniy diol, Hectia este catalzais de sede nat de bnowy in shen festars, ean Tent, apa natiind ralelent ts seid st hs ‘entra s provors desehideren ntl de tel ‘Din ellos ap i exces se obfine ail, eo a Sean ee 14 adiia ape epon ctali aids, participsepoxidul pr tonat aa techie hm daschis (extbwectan0 20. Bteri svat ate wma, eu, et ie spun pecan aa ber, oh ne isi Mia gctnunens pai smal substitu Oh ge = ee dea—on —> o4--a-er-om alalizt acid, esto uneort tok Se formaazt ity scheleeal Deschiderea inelutui epoxiie in solufie spoush st catalies ai fare loo prin afseal S82 al null hirosi, 0", tin dicta opus ox fennlus punt eposidice: din molecule lelce se objn tram 4 oyoxii eubotituti nesta taza ata stomnl de carton mat pot subs tn somal dspam de Yee ne on if ough — pty ore, a Din. acelayi epoxid se poate obtine dee, ilegind conde exper smoxaly prods Qo aifieataolotas untae i eel a semua epoxide 4B, | Reaetia epoxisilor cn hidractst | a HK en ey 20. Beert a cog oe psd Big ls ent as "Hn iu Haden C4) won ti tas te pone ERE fe ton spot Hi te 6.) Metre qos some [aren ere, EMCI” > Res ctty Be ex ba Lompasii organo-magnesient se comport ca niste carbaaioni, cu earactor aud te adi “ep ct dwekes lt epoxide; ind atooolicu radicalal R'legat de siomal de eatbon. marginal ‘al unl epoxid substtait nesimetric et GH 4 Gta —> exter crt ca, Prepon Pe pope Ce fo + CR! > yeeros, In local compusiion organo-magnesient se pot utile compush forgano-iticy de ex, eat lith, yeti 1. | React ale etilenosidalt 1. Polietitngliost EF MCE, —> ocaNEA, (0c A 7 n v ’ ‘patieoa 20. Bieri Peet a came pe i vara EE ee a at tate Cet, + MocALON —> noma oexteatoH ite Brin tatarea etilenosdulut cu seat Lows, do ex. BEy, are loo 0 poaricisanets cee ce cmp pi ina ste pte fi eas ie roomie An primul caz jes este. juol ave minal ec ste iat do aorta etext id RNA A 1a a deal doen cas seca decane io Inti, peti a a Pou eieagieaie i elena Wr02y we AD pe NA Se ON ‘Prin trataraaetlenoxidului ou alcool se obfin monoeter aglow fu (eeosolv, digicolai, tigieolal, néllzatt ew Aizlvants petra acu do altocelalo, snr gh en tf st ea i wn poeta aaa gto espana tc tpn oes aah lah eu ie Sak fm i, Wh var St ons eae freee a ee nat age a, Ma Se toc a Moho won'eth Ahatts set ances Ss TShirt & Soma Beri ss , each ale etienoridalat eu ali clot. FRearf e hidroxietane tefl Ni, > HNC te 8 . i PNBTEN—O1Ty Dent NGieneom, —Ttansannd le $84) HES > RE-ENEI- OH No phenomena tet HsOe > NOS CO Ald Pt ow % J CHEM Om, kph Gia. mie > RCH ott No Renofile etiemosidului ew reactant nusletlleonstituie metode ints poutra Pbidrosieli deatvat! (reat de hirozietier) "Read{in de hidrosicGlate decurge prin staeal mucleoiola: saupr iduloi (SN), Die ex. in. Hache. etfenosidulak ea seid eanhidic, ‘dtalizntt de jonul cin gental noleoeatelopul cian Acidul cia Gere rule trausfers un proton saonulahidroxintilui ee reface’ asta) onal lan | So | es “iter enraan so obtin prin conden aris} sat poletengio! ea un a pete buts se psn. De ex: eer 18coFoans- ob ital rotenlicolel 1 teetenglica, ta tratare ea batoxid de potas,on {im diuti mari. DupA prima condensate, eterat nck aciticy complexes ‘3 potas wurind asf! propre grpeor restive de 1 Sapetee a fonscint ‘nin! dev puters uncle (as ex. ain HE) Dates {nvelgulh exter al eter corsant‘eare ce Ram dia grap it ‘dru insole in Monaro ede af depot! devin slic i benzennetiiates anon ce ‘Singur eepoaiy act sna mee bee fares oles oO 3 Lo ey a emda dere stom de hidrogen sit lost eu real organic El pot ft penvait ae ot poi ee, Daal mnoeba aApe adgcste grupo ale se mimete hidropersin. Desvafs monorail cu ‘aa ail se amene perc ce oe Disks perosld——Blaltpeen stop eae 20, Bieri 5 ass. sinwerond ‘Peroxint gt idvoperosiai inl deivati ai aped oxigenate cont {in molecule lone gh apa oxigen, 0 legaturt covalenta OO care ‘rue tor: Bnerga Iegatani OO tn apa oxigenats este de 34 Kea mol fin dertvagit et subetiul! cate le aaa! odin de misime. Prin raper Homelite a peronilon sesultd radleali beri ca eeutnil radeaio ‘sign (©. mail departe). a2. NEvODE De sistr2s A. | Bosal de als Din opi oxigenac® pri aleilare. 3 hg O80 R= ahh pina en sama Prin testa. aps oxigen, In present de hidzosi ales halogen deal primar nou sek we obi un ‘hdroperoaiy forms Sled Sota Cu exces de agent de leila formas pet ‘Kichianes apet oxgenate esto subsite nucle. ES 2 cn, 00.8 e007 eed > etl O- Oc Hidvoperosiait si persis de_olehl tartar se formazan 9 cogent ool in presen de acd sulfur cage—on +110, 2 eanye-o-er —> emer o- occa, Agental efeotiv de alcilare ste carhocational exp ati (eat cational stabil eave reashoneass co spa oxigensts su hidraperotd respect euse-on 2 eae: 24 eanye-oow (exn)6-0011 + aryye? > canyyo—0-0-4cr4), Intro Grime R16: HY 4:00) ee536 20. Rters Prin antoxidarea hidrocarbutlloe walt Ridroperosii. Sint ico lab poctast ees numat hidroperonn Cerf hideoperosidul amen eis as ee tiidroperowai primar seoundasedesompus i conde rae ‘ie sutaxiare trend in produ taalare (feo avon) hal core 1. | Peril hidropernix de ai (pecs) 4 Prin aearea ape! oxigenate RCO HOMO —> nco-v01 —>¢h-adl-0-0-fe Prin tratarea gpol osigenate tn peezengi de hideosid_alealin, en slorurs unui el eorhoxie se obtin mono. sl diaidesiwai. Din sloturs ‘te Denzil re obtine pe ecast eale peroxide ens 2GHy-€00. 180, —> Ge0-0-0-o051% 1b. Din acai say anididy gf ap oxigen —n—000Ht +40; F=c000H = 110 F qccoyo 44 —> w-coDOH + COOK sm amit etfomic, HCO, ji perestio, CHLCO,t, te. formenat ameatecel be oy fepetti neeiey ‘Solute ewer era reer fk fone "ely EN Izoares peruciduta ("reat ae GTetita gt 3094/4). "ACGMpetalc se Soane din Sunidhi ph oxigen. cok Se iy 9 a, eae pee ey ipa [ois cones, os aecay aa eae ae aes zoo. mormusrArpzice caRAcrEISTICE Una din proprietiile cl erosizlor ss peracalo ese Nemperaturl care varied cu natura radial in ep solide, Cot Heh nt stat i i deseatipum expioiv. Punclele do fleets sint Float di eas aster for prin tagturt de hidrogya. Hudroperoxidul de met, CHOU, aist- nai earacterist or terme} La inet, Ta 20, Boeri ost Inv £3586 my espe vin, Hiroto de teats tl ai sted (ps9 ts}, ince se. deecampan peste Go sd descompane estou laine brow le 207- Peon ae elit (10/600 rom) ete abl ft ne salah apt formes rust ew Mossi latin Perbtst de acl sl mat sta tee ‘stereo eta a sas adnate nei, Ta ‘Pevoxidl de see, €H,CO0-0--O0CH,, (p.1-260" fate exploniyj me wlizesst, fet late, Iasi Pecoxidul de benznily (ll,cO—00--OCC4E., “exvahil in Hares ee peneat (de. obies ‘vee ca promotor in Teae{t homolitee 3. LOS este com sree pan umes) os. USELE enomurhy eamace 1. Descompuneri Konottie, Prin ruperee humoltek 9 legturit _o-0.~ erosidice se ermessh radial litt lal eu central tie iota exige Aci ricall se staizcaxs in thal multe modu. fren hdroperamlor de alc prima ecto, pre ceum sa porosaton, dee In ada leo, 1-0, neta Bite ab Sterner cent destained a £814) STanume prin estragers de higensen, eliinare B dlmegare a pee elaldhe dau peotapede nai HMA pea De not ra ier! (womtor) Stabiizanen pen extagers de, hidragen duc a scot, ‘prin elimina g do hidrogen st grup met, ia a deh, respect eetanc ‘Aidchldele stl formace we autazideat mai deporte dia pgtere la cl Protas de imectnte, ‘perosia fastabit Cem, se Fap nwo Ih ruleal cre se tnbllgeaad dup efile desrise mal suse ‘Batmagere de hidrogen (Gye-0-OH —> cHye-0- + Ho. (age ono > (aeons ‘Aditi ta olehens CBE-0 + teeat > INE—O- ae to Biminare p de hidrogen ergg-o-on 73 eae SS cayenoy m0 i eate-0-01 5 ny-cn-0 = cat-ct0 > eaty-coon ope ptm ‘ose at38 20, Huei Despre wo de autoxdare alder (§ 24.020). eoxia a Buroperoxat sit promotor ab seetilor homotitce inte al ag iat >. Descmapencsite ae hidroperoxisitor si perosalor de lc eating acidy aa intermedia ction: Un ekedpia dante Ge delrmpuncs ciate propa enol rer fe camen (034) heel fice ot inate dee, i Sota ‘© Descompunerea peroxsler deal in solu, dul de enzot sé descomipune la TOA sa ia to ‘rezenfa Tamil, dnd mogtene Lawton rade th00-0-0-00-641, —> 26-C0-0 —> 2 6g + 3.60, 4. Hidroperosii, is perosicit apa oxigenats, pn i libertate nfs te ae fad de Dotasin (rea tacteristch de Feeumaagete - Tatredari alehidel a weld, y. utosidares pen eect oe eae INCH 2m TRE Perce emcee a ce see Reealceedl chOOee 8 taste Seman « eel mene ee (¢2200. opm etl nr snes 20. Biers 3 mean et ene eal ands Cpe ee hs camp 2,18 Inder bcgeinrteond a Stes sre, Ata un ce met fot bie pen on pd ne, A ie ot ores a ee se eens ee Sth ma leo gen wet an era Boy saipnciee eee Ms ahs ameter SE papel Se te ce sen Ga SOURS ea LS STS, iYou might also like
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