New: Sport Pilot (LSA)

The Light Aircraft Design Computer Program Package - based on MS-Excelapplication !as no! extented !ith the ne! Sport Pilots "LSA# loads module$ !hich includes compliance for the %Standard Specifiation for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane ASTM & ''()-*(+ loads section,

Light Aircraft Design

Loads and Static Tests Structure Calculations Aerodynamic

The Loads may be calculated according to the following regulations:

UL Germany (LTF UL! FA" #$ % &LA -E.***Sport Pilots "LSA#***-E.

All 'rograms are (S )*C)L modules some of them using (S &isual +asic calculation modules in bac,ground-

Summary descri'tions of the methods are included in the s'readsheets-

(ost of the results are 'resented in gra'hic form-

The /L 0erman1 "LT&-/L#$ Sport Pilots "LSA# and &A2'345LA includes the follo!ing modules6

o o o o o o o o o

Data Sheet .eight and +alance Flight )n/elo'e Design Cases Landing Gear Loads )ngine (ount Loads Control Surfaces and Flight Control Loads Fuselage Load Distributions (calculated and tested! .ing Load Distributions (calculated and tested!

Prices6 7

LTF UL : 0112 LSA 3 S'ort 4ilots : 5112 FA" #$%&LA: 6112 S'ecial 7ffer: LTF UL 8 LSA S'ort 4ilots 8 FA" #$%&LA: 9:112

;add su''lementary 96< ta=es ((.St-!

Supplementar1 the follo!ing modules ma1 be ordered6 7

Flight Controls >inematics (:62! 4ro'eller Layout % Design (:62! (anoeu/re and Gust Flight Simulation (662! Structure Calculation: .ing Sections (metal and com'osite! (:62! Landing Gear Strut- Calculation (662! Fuselage Design (662!
;add su''lementary 96< ta=es ((.St-!

Data Sheet

All geometric and aerodynamic data of the aircraft are defined or calculated: mean aerodynamic chords? as'ect ratios? tail /olumes? lift cur/e slo'es? hinge lift and moment coefficients for control surfaces and tabs? neutral 'oint wing? tails and fuselage influence? 'ro'eller sli'stream effect-

.eight and +alance

Calculates the mass distribution of the aircraft? CG 'osition and inertial moments-

Flight )n/elo'e

Calculates the design s'eeds and the corres'onding load factors for manoeu/re and gusts-

(gra'hic!

Design Cases

The critical design cases according to the LSA (S'ort 4ilots!? LTF UL (Ultralight Germany! or FA" #$ are defined and the corres'onding forces on the wing? tail are calculated-

Landing Gear Loads

The design cases and corres'onding forces on the main and nose gear are calculated-

)ngine (ount Loads

Forces and moments in the engine mount CG (including gyrosco'ic effects are calculated!-

Control Surfaces%Flight Control Loads

The total critical loads and hinge moments (aileron? ele/ator? rudder? fla's! on the control surface of the aircraft are calculated-

Fuselage Load Distributions (calculated and tested!

The fuselage bending and shear force diagrams for the critical fuselage loading are calculated4osition for the 'oints where the fuselage will be loaded during the static test are defined- The corres'onding test load diagrams are com'uted and com'ared with the calculated ones-

(gra'hic!

.ing Load Distributions (calculated and tested!

The wing aerodynamic load distribution for critical design cases is calcualted with the well ,nown (ultho' lifting line methodThe effect of fla'%aileron is consideredThe mass load distribution (structure? fuel? lum'ed masses li,e landing gear! due to /ertical and roll acceleration is consideredThe total shear (T=?Ty?T@ ! and moment diagrams (bending (=? torsion 'lane bending 3(@! moments are calculated(y and in

The static test loading may be also defined and com'ared with the calcualted one-

(gra'hic!

Flight Controls >inematics ( :6 )U"!

This 'rogram calculates the forces in a $D 'ush 'ull control system for different control system deflectionsCross sections of the rods are definedThe safety factors for buc,ling are calculated-

(gra'hic!

4ro'eller Layout%Design (:6 )U"!

This module calculates the 'ro'eller cur/es using a /ery efficient energy methodThe 'ro'eller 'lanform and torsion is defined as in'utUsing the AS7L&)"B o'timi@ation algorithm from (S )*C)L some 'arameters may be o'timi@ed (form? torsion! in order to get the best efficiency in a gi/en wor,ing 'oint+ending and torsion moments in 'ro'eller cross sections are calculated-

(gra'hic!

(anoeu/re and Gust Flight Simulation (66 )U"!

"egulations (FA"%CA"%CS?&LA? LTF UL! 'ro/ide sim'lified formulas for gust- The resulted forces and load factors are normally conser/ati/e-

A more detailed calculation may be 'erformed by means of a flight simulation of the gust%manoeu/re in which the /ertical translation and 'itch rotation of the aircraft are considered- A differential eDuation system defines the A%C motion-

+y means of this method a time history of all A%C 'arameters (angle of incidence?

'itch rate? 'itch acceleration? A%C load factor? wing load? ET load! is calculated-

(gra'hic!

.ing Sections (metal and com'osite! (:6 )U"!

A library of com'osite material layers is defined including all material 'ro'ertiesThis library is used to define the layout of a wing cross section (ty'e and no- of layers? layer direction!The section bending and torsion moment are definedThe bending and shear stresses are calculatedFinaly the safety factors for each layer is defines (Tsai criteria!-

(gra'hic!

Landing Gear Strut- Calculation ( 66 )U"!

This 'rogram simulates the landing of an elastic landing gear leaf (strut! by means of an iterati/e method- Large geometrical deformations are considered- The force deformation diagram and the deflected form of the leaf are 'lottedThe form of the landing gear strut is defined: rectangular or round section- The safety factors for each cross sections are calculated (bending? torsion and total loading!- Ealf struts or cross one 'iece! struts may be calculatedThe tire elastic characteristic is considered-

(gra'hic!

Fuselage Design (66 )U"!

The main fuselage contour lines are defined: u''er and lower from the side /iew? line of ma=- width? 'osition of the ma=- width lineThe cross sections of the fuselage are defined by means of conical cur/es (one cur/e for the u''er side and one for the lower side!- A conical coefficient defines the form of the cross sectionA A-D*FB file may be e='orted and read directly in CAD 'rograms in order to define a /ery smooth surface form of the fuselage-

The whole 'rocedure may be done in less then one hour-

(gra'hic!

Coming Soon: Lifting Surface Aerodynamic Load Distribution ((S )*C)L a''lication! Calculates the lift and induced drag distribution for com'le= aircraft $D configurations li,e canard? winglets- Control surface deflections are includedThe lifting surface theory is used to define the 'ressure distributionsComing Soon: S'readsheets: .eight F +alance &ertical Climbing S'eed 4ro'eller 4erformance and Goise (easurements Standard Atmos'hera

Urheber und Gut@ungsrechte Co'yright H #110 4C Aero%Di'l- Ing- Calin Gologan- All rights reser/ed4rograms written by 4C Aero%Di'l- Ing- Calin Gologan- All rights reser/ed by 4C Aero%Di'l- Ing- Calin GologanThe 'assing on of the 'rograms of third is e='ressly forbidden- The 'rograms were e=amined with large care for errors? lac, are howe/er ne/ertheless not com'letely to be e=cluded- .e cannot ta,e o/er therefore for the correctness and

conseDuences? which can result from the use of the 'rogram? adhesionIf you download our 'rogram modules of these website? acce't the following rights to use: All co'yrights remain with the right owners 4C Aero%Di'l- )ngineer Calin GologanAny commercial use of the files (in addition among other things the 'ublication in brochures counts? the use in announcements or on .ebsites of enter'rise etc-! is not 'ermitted? also not in changed form-

.ithout 're/ious written agreement of the owners of co'yrights you may use the files only for your 'ersonal use- They may not bring it in the Internet or on CD "7( in circulation-

Further Juestions to: Eead of Co'orate Communications: Dr- +irgit .eiKenbach ) (ail: dr-birgit-weissenbachL'c aero-de