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IDENTITAS PASIEN
Demam hari ke 7
(rujukan dari Puskesmas
Juwiring)
RIWAYAT PENYAKIT
SEKARANG
±3
MSMRS
±7
HSMRS
±6
HMRS
HMRS
39 32 thn
thn
6 thn
RIWAYAT KEHAMILAN &
PERSALINAN
0 – 4 bulan : ASI
4 – 12 bulan : ASI + susu
formula
1 – 2 tahun : ASI + nasi tim +
buah pisang
2 tahun– sekarang : Nasi
biasa + laiuk pauk
Kesan : Kualitas dan kuantitas
RIWAYAT PERTUMBUHAN
& PERKEMBANGAN
Motorik kasar :
duduk : 6 bln
berdiri : 9 bln
berjalan : 12 bln
Motorik halus :
menggenggam pensil 9 bl
coret-coret 3 thn
menulis 5 thn
RIWAYAT PERTUMBUHAN
& PERKEMBANGAN
Bahasa
Sosial
Tersenyum 2 bl
Hepatitis : 0, 2, 3 bulan
BCG : 0 bulan
Polio : 2,3,4 bulan
DPT : 2, 3, 4 bulan
Campak : 9 bulan
Booster : (-)
Kesan : Imunisasi dasar lengkap
menurut PPI tidak sesuai IDAI
SOSIAL, EKONOMI DAN
LINGKUNGAN
Sosio
ekonomi : Saat ini ayah bekerja
sebagai tukang kayu, penghasilan ±
Rp 700.000/bulan
Lingkungan:
Suhu 39°C
Tensi 100/60
mmHg
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
LD : 51,0 cm
LLA : 14,0 cm
BMI : 11,96 Kesan : status gizi
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
Tungkai Lengan
Kanan Kiri Kanan Kiri
Gerakan Bebas Bebas Bebas Bebas
Trofi Eutrofi Eutrofi Eutrofi Eutrofi
Tonus Normal Normal Normal Normal
Kekuatan 5 5 5 5
Klonus - -
Ref. + + + +
fisiologis
Ref. - - - -
patologis
Tanda -
Meningeal
Sensibilita Kesan normal
s
PEMERIKSAAN KHUSUS
1. Kepala
Ukuran : Normosefal
Uub : menutup
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
Ku : CM
Takipnea
Demam (+)
Dada: retraksi suprasternal dan
subcostal
Paru : krepitasi (+)
Gizi kurang
TB SCORING
Demam =1
Status Gizi =1
Batuk kronik =1
Limfonodi =0
Bone swelling =0
Rontgen thoraks =0
Jumlah skor =4
DIAGNOSIS BANDING
Pneumonia
Gizi kurang
PENATALAKSANAAN
Plan:
Monitor ku/vs/wob
Diet:
E = 1350 kcal/hari
P = 300 g/hari
C = 1250 cc/hari
Oral = 650 cc/hari
Iv = 600 cc/hari (25 tpm
mikro dextrose)
PENATALAKSANAAN
Terapi:
O2 nasal kanul 2 l/menit
Ampisilin 100 mg/kgBB/hari =
4x375mg
Kloramphenikol 100 mg/kgBB/hari =
4 x 375 mg
Parasetamol 10 mg/KgBB/kali = 150
mg k/p
Salbutamol 1, 5 mg tiap 8 jam
31
PLANNING
Pemeriksaan penunjang
Darah rutin
Rontgen thoraks
HASIL PEMERIKSAAN
PENUNJANG
Darah Rutin tanggal
19/08/09: WBC 5.0
RBC 4,23 Lym 47,1%
HGB 11,8 g/dL Mxd 8,5%
HMT 37 % Neu 46,4%
MCV 87,7 (80-
99)
MCHC 31,8
RONTGEN THORAKS
Pneumonia duplex
19 Agustus 2009
RONTGEN THORAKS
27 Agustus 2009
RONTGEN THORAKS
31 Agustus 2009
RONTGEN THORAKS
7 September 2009
DIAGNOSIS KERJA
Pneumonia
Gizi Kurang
PENATALAKSANAAN
Plan:
Monitor ku/vs/wob
Diet:
E = 1350 kcal/hari
P = 300 g/hari
C = 1250 cc/hari
Oral = 650 cc/hari
Iv = 600 cc/hari (25 tpm
mikro dextrose)
PENATALAKSANAAN
Terapi:
O2 nasal kanul 2 l/menit
Ampisilin 100 mg/kgBB/hari =
4x375mg
Kloramphenikol 100 mg/kgBB/hari =
4 x 375 mg
Parasetamol 10 mg/KgBB/kali = 150
mg k/p
Salbutamol 1, 5 mg tiap 8 jam
40
FOLLOW UP
HR :90x RR : 32x t : 37
LD : 51,0 cm
LLA : 14,0 cm BMI/U : -3 SD
BMI : 11,96 Kesan : Status gizi
PENATALAKSANAAN
P = 1 – 1,5 g/hari
C = 130 cc/kgbb/hari
Oral = F75 8 x 175 cc
Asam folat 1 x 5 mg
Vitamin A 200.000 IU
Bcomp 1 x 1 tab
43
FOLLOW UP
1 1
1 3,5
1 2,5
1 3
1 2
2 2
N R S 20/8 21/8 22/8 23/8 24/8 26/8 28/8 30/8 31/8 1/9 4/9 6/9
140 80 41
44
130 70 40
120 50 39
110 40 38
100 30 37
90 20 36
Ampisilin 4 x 375 mg 1 2 3 4
Chloramp 4x375 mg 1 2 3 4
Ceftriaxon 2x750 mg 1 3 5 7
Cefadroxyl 2x300 mg 1 2 4
Eritromycin 3 x100mg 1 2
Nasi TKTP
_ _ _ _
Muntah/ Defekasi
Berat badan 15 kg 15 kg 15 kg 15 kg 15 kg 15 kg 15 kg 15 kg 15 kg 15 kg 12 kg 12 kg
45
ANALISA MASALAH
Perempuan, 6 TB
tahun Skor TB : 4
Demam 1 ASMA
minggu Riw. Atopi (-)
Batuk 3 minggu Mengi (-)
Sesak 1 minggu
Gizi kurang PNEUMONIA
Takipnea (+)
Retraksi dada (+) PF : Infeksi
Krepitasi (+) kronis
Sosio Rontgen pneumonia AB
ekonomi lobaris
rendah
Intake nutrisi 10
Pendidikan OT rendah Gizi buruk Langkah
rendah KEP
PNEUMONI
A IS THE
NO 1
KILLER OF
CHILDREN
Indonesian National Health
Survey 2001
Mortality of Infectious diseases
Diarrhea
Pneumonia 13%
Infants
23%
Perinatologi Neurology
35% 12%
Typhoid
7%
Respiratory
28% Gastro
disturb
6%
Unknown Others
21% 39%
Neurology
3%
Gastro
enteritis 4%
Diarrhea
9%
Children <5 yr age
ETIOLOGY
Pathogen Role Discussion
Streptococcu Leading S. pneumoniae is the leading pathogen in
s almost all studies from around the world. This
pneumoniae proportion may vary in different parts of the
Haemophilus Major
world.
Most disease is caused by type b (Hib).
influenzae Vaccine studies from Bangladesh, Chile and
the Gambia suggest that Hib causes around
20% of severe pneumonia cases, although the
proportion may vary in different parts of the
world.
Other Less These pathogens include important viruses
important commo such as respiratory synctitial virus (RSV) and
pathogens n influenza; other bacteria, such as
Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella
pneumoniae
Unicef - WHO, Pneumonia the forgotten killer, 2006
49
AAP, 2008
50
AAP, 2008
DIAGNOSIS
Fast breathing
Age respiratory
rate
< 2 mo 60
2 - 12 mo 50
1 - 5 yr 40
Chest indrawing
PNEUMONIA
CLASSIFICATION
Signs Classification
• Fast breathing Severe
• Chest indrawing pneumonia
• Stridor in calm
child
• Fast breathing Non-severe
pneumonia
• No fast Other respiratory
breathing illness
Unicef - WHO, Pneumonia the forgotten killer, 2006
54
DIAGNOSIS
AAP, 2008
57
AAP, 2008
58
AAP, 2008
59
AAP, 2008
60
AAP, 2008
61
AAP, 2008
62
ZINC DAN PNEUMONIA
63