GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The formula of the TBF setup success ratio varies with the measured objects. If the measured object is the air interface, the preceding formulas are used.

For uplink TBF assignment: If the first uplink data block from the MS is not received at the network side after an assignment command is sent from the network side, an uplink TBF setup failure due to no response from MS is counted.

All the preceding counters are cell-level counters. The system also supports BSC-level counters as follows:

ZA9001: uplink GPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9004: uplink GPRS TBF setup failures due to no response from MS within the BSC ZA9201: uplink EGPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9204: uplink EGPRS TBF setup failures due to no response from MS within the BSC

For particular values of the preceding counters, see the GPRS and EDGE traffic statistics.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The formula of the TBF setup success ratio varies with the measured objects. If the measured object is the air interface, the preceding formulas are used.

For downlink TBF assignment: If no Packet Control Acknowledgement message from the MS is received at the network side after an assignment command is sent from the network side, a downlink TBF setup failure due to no response from MS is counted.

All the preceding counters are cell-level counters. The system also supports BSC-level counters as follows:

ZA9101: downlink GPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9104: downlink GPRS TBF setup failures due to no response from MS within the BSC ZA9301: downlink EGPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9304: downlink EGPRS TBF setup failures due to no response from MS within the BSC

For particular values of the preceding counters, see the GPRS and EDGE traffic statistics.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The formula of the TBF setup success ratio varies with the measured objects. If the measured object is the channel resources, the preceding formulas are used.

For uplink TBF assignment: If the network side sends an assignment rejection message upon the channel request from the MS due to lack of channel resources (including channels, TFI, and USF), an uplink TBF setup failure due to lack of channel resources is counted.

All the preceding counters are cell-level counters. The system also supports BSC-level counters as follows:

ZA9001: uplink GPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9003: uplink GPRS TBF setup failures due to lack of channel resources within the BSC ZA9201: uplink EGPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9203: uplink EGPRS TBF setup failures due to lack of channel resources within the BSC

For particular values of the preceding counters, see the GPRS and EDGE traffic statistics.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The formula of the TBF setup success ratio varies with the measured objects. If the measured object is the channel resources, the preceding formulas are used.

For downlink TBF assignment: If the downlink TBF setup fails due to lack of channel resources (including channels, TFI, and USF) at the network side, a downlink TBF setup failure due to lack of channel resources is counted.

All the preceding counters are cell-level counters. The system also supports BSC-level counters as follows:

ZA9101: downlink GPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9103: downlink GPRS TBF setup failures due to lack of channel resources within the BSC ZA9301: downlink EGPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9303: downlink EGPRS TBF setup failures due to lack of channel resources within the BSC

For particular values of the preceding counters, see the GPRS and EDGE traffic statistics.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The formula of the TBF setup success ratio varies with the measured objects. If the measured object are the air interface and the channel resources, the preceding formulas are used

For uplink TBF assignment: Both the uplink TBF setup failures due to no response from MS and those due to lack of channel resources are counted as uplink TBF setup failures.

All the preceding counters are cell-level counters. The system also supports BSC-level counters as follows:

ZA9001: uplink GPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9002: uplink GPRS TBF setup successes within the BSC ZA9201: uplink EGPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9202: uplink EGPRS TBF setup successes within the BSC

For particular values of the preceding counters, see the GPRS and EDGE traffic statistics.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The formula of the TBF setup success ratio varies with the measured objects. If the measured object are the air interface and the channel resources, the preceding formulas are used.

For downlink TBF assignment: Both the downlink TBF setup failures due to no response from MS and those due to lack of channel resources are counted as downlink TBF setup failures.

All the preceding counters are cell-level counters. The system also supports BSC-level counters as follows:

ZA9101: downlink GPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9102: downlink GPRS TBF setup successes within the BSC ZA9301: downlink EGPRS TBF setup attempts within the BSC ZA9302: downlink EGPRS TBF setup successes within the BSC

For particular values of the preceding counters, see the GPRS and EDGE traffic statistics.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

RL9A08: FER = ([L9A02: number of received out-of-synchronization frames] + [L9A03: number of received check error TRAU frames]) x {100}/([L9A02: number of received out-ofsynchronization frames]+[L9A03: number of received check error TRAU frames] + [L9A01: number of received normal TRAU frames] + [L9A07: number of received information TRAU frames])

The number of received information TRAU frames equals the number of empty TRAU frames.

1. In normal cases, the FER is lower than 10e-5 (that is, one out of ten thousand) and one error frame occurs every four minutes in each channel. In this case, the link quality is high and the MSs transfer data stably. 2. If the FER is lower than 10e-4 (one out of one thousand), one to three error frames occur every minute and the link quality degrades. In this case, the affected MSs easily suffer rate drop, longer transmission delay, or even call drops due to error frame bursts.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The transmission quality of the Abis interface can also be monitored through the maintenance console.

Transport Resource RealTime Monitoring

This describes how to monitor the transmission resources on the Abis/Iub interface

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The transmission quality of the Abis interface can also be monitored through the maintenance console.

BERS Monitoring

This describes how to detect the BER seconds on an E1/T1 port to monitor the transmission quality of the link corresponding to the port. If any bit error occurs on the E1/T1 port, you can start this task to obtain data such as BERS, critical BERS, unavailable seconds, frame errors, CRC errors. Based on these data, you can evaluate the operating condition of the transmission network and find out the causes for the bit errors in combination with the performance of the peer end.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The transmission quality of the Abis interface can also be monitored through the maintenance console.

BER Monitoring

This function is used to monitor bit error rate (BER), thereby evaluating the transport network quality.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

L3188A: number of reported DELETE IND messages of the Abis interface

If the BTS deletes the IMM ASS CMD message sent by the BSC due to downlink CCCH overload of the cell, the BTS reports a DELETE IND message to the BSC. This counter is used to measure the number of the DELETE IND messages received by the BSC from the measured cell. The BTS stores the paging messages sent through the downlink CCCH (PCH channel) for circuit services and those for packet services in two different receive buffer queues. If the length of either receive buffer queue exceeds the specified threshold, it is indicated that downlink CCCH overload occurs. In this case, the judges whether the overload is caused by excessive downlink packet services or excessive circuit services. If the overload is caused by excessive circuit services, the BTS reports a CCCH LOAD IND message to the BSC. If the overload is caused by excessive packet services, the BTS reports a PACKET CCCH LOAD IND message to the BSC. The BSC then forwards the PACKET CCCH LOAD IND message to the PCU. This counter is used to measure the number of PACKET CCCH LOAD IND messages received by the BSC from the BTSs within the measured cell.

L3188D: number of reported PACKET CCCH LOAD IND messages of the Abis interface

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

Channel resources are insufficient in any of the following cases:

1. The cell is configured with a small number of channels when heave traffic of packet services exists. As a result, the channels reach the maximum capacity of MS multiplexing. To solve the problem, add more dynamic and static channels or set the PDCH uplink multiplexing threshold in the PS domain channel management parameters to a higher value. 2. Check whether the resources are insufficient because voice services preempt the dynamic PDCHs. If counters A9343 (callbacks of dynamic PDCH) and A9344 (callbacks of loaded dynamic PDCH) record high values, in indicates that circuit services preempt the channel resources of data services due to heavy traffic. To solve the problem, add more dynamic PDCHs or set Dynamic Channel Preemption Level to Control Channel Preemption Forbidden. 3. If the uplink GPRS TBF setup success ratio is low due to lack of channel resources but the uplink EGPRS TBF setup success ratio is high, check whether the GPRS channels are insufficient due to the configuration of dedicated or preferred EGPRS channels. If dedicated or preferred EGPRS channels are configured, modify some of them into common EGPRS channels and, if necessary, turn on the EGPRS Downlink and GPRS Uplink Allowed switch.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

If the air interface suffers severe interference, adjust the frequency points to improve the quality of the air interface.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

Answers:

Measurement report interference band measurement (carrier) Measurement report full-rate channel Rx level measurement (carrier) Measurement report half-rate channel Rx level measurement (carrier)

Measurement report Rx quality measurement (carrier)

Measurement report radio link exception measurement (carrier) Measurement report measurement of TA-based distribution of radio link exceptions (carrier) Measurement report measurement of TA-based RQI distribution (carrier) Measurement report RQI distribution measurement (carrier) Measurement report Rx quality distribution measurement (carrier)

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

When the radio environment is poor, the BLER is extra high and the uplink data blocks cannot be decoded correctly at the network side if a high rate uplink coding scheme is used. If the uplink power control parameters are configured improperly, the MS supports low Tx power and the uplink data blocks cannot be decoded correctly at the network side. Other parameters that might be configured improperly are as follows:

Downlink reassignment attempts (affecting the downlink TBF setup): During the setup process of a downlink TBF, the network side fails to receive a valid Packet Control Acknowledge message on the reserved uplink RLC block and then re-sends a downlink assignment message. This parameter specifies the maximum number of downlink reassignment attempts. If the downlink reassignment attempts exceed the value of this parameter, the network side releases the downlink TBF. Polling retransmission times (affecting the downlink TBF setup): This parameter specifies the maximum number of polling messages retransmitted by the network side during the setup process of a downlink TBF.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

Answers:

If a high rate uplink coding scheme is used, modify the default uplink MCS and the maximum value of the counter N3101. Inappropriate settings of uplink power control parameters: Modify the Alpha parameter and the initial power class. Inappropriate settings of other parameters: Modify the number of downlink reassignment attempts and the number of polling retransmissions. the Tx power of the BTS.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

CQT: Call Quality Test

The CQT is often performed in a good radio environment where the C/I seldom fluctuates. The CQT in idle hours can verify whether all NEs and transmission from the Um interface to the Gi interface are faulty. In this case, the CQT reflects the equipment performance directly and accurately. The CQT in busy hours can also verify the performance of the resource (such as channels, Abis resources, and Gb resources) management algorithms. The CQT in busy hours, however, features randomness. For example, the tested downloading rate might be severely affected if another subscriber is also downloading data during the CQT. In this case, the CQT cannot reflect equipment performance accurately because the test results are significantly related to the quantity of configured resources. Therefore, the CQT in busy hours is used only for performance comparison before and after migration.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

Differing from the CQT, the DT faces cell reselection and change of the coding scheme due to C/I fluctuation (The link quality control algorithm achieves a compromise between higher coding scheme and fewer retransmissions. The bandwidth of the air interface changes as the coding scheme changes). Compared with downloading of large files, the downloading of small files features severer influence brought by the slow start process upon setup of the TCP connection. Therefore, to locate the cause for a low downloading rate, download large files in idle hours at a place where the C/I is high.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

Quality-of-experience (QoE) describes the system-level activities focusing on the joint optimization of experienced multimedia quality and energy consumption in wireless multimedia systems.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The figure on the left shows the Packet Downlink Assignment message, while that on the right shows the Packet Timeslot Reconfiguration message.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

To verify whether the channel resources are sufficient, check the channel configuration. To verify whether the MS supports sufficient multi-slot capability, check the Packet Resource Request massage for two-stage access or the 11-bit access request and Attach message (for 8-bit one-stage access, the MS indicates its multi-slot capability in the Attach request message) for one-stage access. To verify out-of-synchronization, check the alarms by running the relevant commands. For example, run the mt pdch show state <cell ID> all command to check the status of all PDCHs in the specified cell if the external PCU is used. If the built-in PCU is used, run the DSP PDCH command to check the channels status. To verify whether the Abis interface resources are sufficient, check the idle timeslot configurations. To verify channel preemption of voice services, check the following traffic statistics:

R9343: callbacks of dynamic PDCH R9344: callbacks of loaded dynamic PDCH

No channel preemption of voice services is detected during a test in idle hours.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

Solutions to insufficient timeslots at the Abis interface:

If Flex Abis is not used, configure all Abis interface timeslots that are not configured as idle timeslots. Increase the multiplexing ratio of signaling links to improve the Abis transmission capacity. Use Flex Abis. Expand the transmission capacity. Transmission problems: Perform local loopback and remote loopback at the TMU side to locate the problems. Faults of the interface board

Solutions to bit errors at the G-Abis interface:

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

TU3: The speed is 3 km/h in typical urban scenarios.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

Answers:

1. The figure in page 43 shows that the BLER/TS(%) parameter indicates the block error rate calculated by the TEMS based on a certain number of received blocks. 2. For fixed MSs, the Packet Downlink ACK/NACK message also indicates the block error rate.

The message shows that starting sequence number (SSN) is 64 and that a bitmap exists. This indicates that block 63 is not received. Check the blocks following block 64 (1 indicates that the block is received, while 0 indicates that the block is not received). The message shows that blocks 63, 65, 66, 68, 69, and 71 to 84 are not received.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

If a large number of neighbor cells are configured, the block error rate often increases because the MS needs to update the system messages of neighbor cells frequently. According to the relevant protocol, the MS must decode the BCCH data of a new carrier in 30 seconds. If the signal strength fluctuates and a large number of neighboring cells are configured, the MS has to parse the system messages of neighboring cells frequently. To solve this problem, reduce the number of neighboring cells and eliminate unnecessary neighboring cell configurations.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

The system assigns only one bidirectional control channel for the MS. Therefore, the same timeslot is occupied as the control channel in both the uplink and the downlink. In this way, the control channel can be located. The PDP context shows the contracted peak rate. As shown in the following figure,

the peak rate is 128000 octets/s = 128000 x 8/1024 = 1000 Kbit/s that exceeds the theoretical maximum rate.

The LLC layer uses the unacknowledged mode, while the RLC layer used the acknowledged mode.

Best effort (BE) service whose peak rate exceeds 215 kbit/s

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

Loss of packet is not a necessary result of abnormal TBF release, because the PCU stores the data that the MS has not transmitted and that the MS has transmitted without acknowledgement within 30 seconds after the TBF is released exceptionally. Usually, the MS initiates TBF re-setup soon. In this case, the TLLI remains unchanged. Therefore, the context of the MS can be detected according to the TLLI and then the data stored by the PCU is sent to the MS. According to the TBF release process, the MS sets the FAI bit in the Packet Downlink ACK/NACK message to 1 if the download TBF is released normally. The system sets the FAI bit to 1 in the Packet Uplink ACK/NACK message if the uplink TBF is released normally. To verify whether a TBF is released exceptionally, check whether the FAI bit in the relevant message is set to 1. If the network side sends a Packet TBF Release message, the TBF is released exceptionally (the TBF is released exceptionally because timer N3105 expires if the cause value is normal release). The abnormal TBF release decreases the rate because data transmission is not supported during the abnormal release.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

This problem often results from careless operations of the relevant test engineers. The software applications and services (such as automatic update) that support automatic connection to the network must be disabled during the test. If such software applications or services are not disabled, the rate at the application layer decreases when they connect to the network automatically. How to identify the software applications and services that support automatic connection to the network:

After the test, check whether all the packets captured by the Ethereal software are the data interacted with the IP address of the server. If data interacted with another IP address exists, enter the IP address into the IE to identify the connected network.

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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GPRS EDGE Build-in PCU Radio Network Optimization Problem Analysis

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