( ) 34

106 79
. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

GREEK MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY
34, Panepistimiou (leftheriou Venizelou) Street
GR. 106 79 - Athens - HELLAS
Tel. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

74

, 18 2014

B
1

2
=
3

4 1 1 77

16 60 19 7
: 32 + 20000 : + + 4 = 4 : 3 2 + .
9 3 3 3
81 3 3 9

4 1 1 77 4
4
1 77
2
= : 32 + 20000 : + + 4=
: 9 +1 3 + +
9 3 3 3
9
9
3 81
3
4
4 1 77 4
77 4 77
= : 10 + +
= :9+
= +
=1.
9
3 3 81 9
81 81 81
16 60 19 7 308 (60 3 19) 7 308 3 7
= 4 : 3 2 + =
:
+ =
: + =
81 3 3 9 81
27
9 81 27 9

308
7 308 + 7 315
=
9 + =
=
= 35.
81
9
9
9
2
=
= 90 , = 800 ,

, = 800 . :
2810 + 800 2 .
796 .
x , x 10.
.
( 1 1000 )

= x ,
= 800 + x , = 800
. , = x, = 800 ,
= = = 800 . ,
= 800 2 .

1
, :
( x ) =+
x 800 + x + 800 + 800 2 =
2 x + 1600 + 800 2
2 x + 800
( x) =
800 =( x + 400 ) 800 =800 x + 320000 .
2
:
2 x + 1600 + 800 2 < 2810 + 800 2 2 x < 1210 x < 605
800 x + 320000 > 796000 800 x > 476000 x > 595
595 < x < 605 x 10,
x = 600 .
= 600 , =1400
800 600 + 320000 = 480000 + 320000 = 800000 , 800
.

3
=30 . =
= 90 .

,
. . :
.

()
() = .

()
180 30
180

=
=
= 75
2
2

= = 90 75 = 15 .

= = 75 ,
1


=
+
=
=
= 75 30 = 45 .

2
()
2
2
=
= 2,
2 + =
2 2
:
2
.

= =
2
2
, = .
, =
= 30 .
= 60 ,
=
= . = = x,
x
, :

= =
2
2
x2

= =
x =
4
2

2
3 x 2 2 2
2 2
6
2
x
x
.
=

=
4
4
3
3
2

4
55% . . 7
,
.
11
60. .

,
55% .
7 55
35

=, 35% 11 100 100

20% . ( 55 35 ) =
, . (100 55 20 ) =
25% ,

4
25% 60 .
100
60
=
240 .
25
, :

:
55 x
= =
.
100
45 x
= =
.
100
= .
= .
= .
= .
, :
= ,
:
55 x
( ) + = + =
( ) ,
100
7 55 x 35 x
,
=
=
11 100 100
x
20 x
= (55 35)
=
= ,
100 100
x
25 x
= ( 45 20 ) =
= 60 =
x 240
100 100
2
x y .
.
.
55% , :

5
55
9
( x + y ) 100 x= 55 x + 55 y 9 x= 11 y y=
x
(1) .
100
11
, :
xa = x = +a
(2) .
7

.
11
:
(2)
7
7
( + a ) =a x =a
(3) .
11
11
() 60 , :
y= + 60 .
( ) a , :
(2)
(1),(3)
9
7
5
y = + 60 y + a = + a + 6 y + = x + 60
x + x = x + 60 x = 60 x = 132 .
11 11
11
9
9
132 , y = x = 132 =108 ,
11
11
240 .
x=

1
:
3

x3 1 x
243 x 2 + 81 y 2

x 33 , =
y 34 .

= 3 + : ,
=
= x 1 + y 1 , =
y
3
y
y

3
( 33 )3

1 33 39 1 3+ 4 3 9+12 1 1 3

+ : =
+ : (3 =
) 3 + 3 : ( 3 )
( 34 )3 3 34 312 3

1
1 34 + 1 82

= 33 + : 33 =+
1 4= 4 = .
3
3
3
81

1 1 33 + 1
3 2
4 2
+
243 ( 3 ) 11 + 81 ( 3 )
35 36 + 34 38 31 + 34 3 34
34 = 33 + 1= 28.
=
=
=
=
=
1
1
34
34
34
4
3
34

= 33 + 34= 27 + 81= 108.

2
P ( x )= 16 x 6 16 x 4 x 2 + 1 Q ( x ) = 4 x 4 5 x 2 + 1 .
() P ( x ) Q ( x )
.

6
P ( x) 5 2
() =
( x + 1) .
Q ( x) 2

()
P ( x=
) 16 x 6 16 x 4 x 2 + 1= 16 x 4 ( x 2 1) ( x 2 1=)
=

( 4x

+ 1)( 4 x 2 1)( x 2 1=
)

(4x

(16 x

1)( x 2 1=
)

+ 1) ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1)( x 1)( x + 1) .

Q ( x=
) 4 x 4 5 x 2 + 1= 4 x 4 4 x 2 x 2 + 1= 4 x 2 ( x 2 1) ( x 2 1)
=

()

( 4x

1)( x 2 1) =

( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1)( x 1)( x + 1) .

P ( x) 5 2
5 2
=
x + 1) 4 x 2 +=
1
(
( x + 1) x=2 1 =x 1,
Q ( x) 2
2

1
x 1.
2
.

Q ( x ) 0 x

3
x, y x > y , 2014.
97. x, y
.

x 2014 y
=
2014 y = y + 97, y > 97 1
(=
1 + ) y 1917, y > 97 1 + 2
(1 + ) y = 33 71, y > 97 1 + 2.
y 1917= 33 71 97,
y =3 71 =213 y = 32 71 = 639 y = 33 71 = 1917
y = 213
, x 1801
8 .
=
=
y = 639
, x 1375
2 .
=
=
y = 1917 , x = 97 < y = 1917, .
4
=30 . =
= 90 .
,
. = , :
() .
() .

()
2
2
=
2 + =
2 2
= 2,

7
2
.
=
2
2
= 30 , = x ,
,
1
x = = 30 = = 2 x ,
2
:
2
6
2
.
2 + x 2 = ( 2 x ) 3 x 2 = 2 3 x 2 =
x=
=
2
6
6

:
=

4
()

= = 180 30 = 75 ,
=
2

= 75 + 30
= 75
= 45 .
,
, .
,
= . =
=
.

= 180 2=

180 2 =
75 30 ,

1
= 30 = = 2
2
3
= 30 = 2
= 3.
2
:
= + = 1 + 3 .

= :
2 +=
3 + =

3 1 .

1
x =

(1 + 3 )(1 + 3 )(1 + 3 )
8

y = 4 2 .

x + 1 y .

,
=
x

3 1

(1 + 3 )(1 + 3 )(1 + 3 )(
8

( 3 1)
3 )(1 + 3 )(
2

=
8
3 1

) (1 +

=
4
3 1

3 1 -

3 1

) (1 + 3 )(

=
3 1

3 1.

x + 1=

3 < 8 4=

2= y .

2
x :
x 1
1
0
( x 2 ) ( x 5) 0 .
3

x 1
0 x 1 3 3 x 1 3 2 x 4.
3
( x 2 )( x 5 ) 0 :
1

(1)

( x 2 )( x 5) 0 ( x 2 0 x 5 0 ) ( x 2 0 x 5 0 )
2 x 5 ( x 2 x 5 ) , 2 x 5.
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 5 x 5 ,
(2)
5 x 2 2 x 5
(1) (2)
x =2 2 x 4.
3
AB ( = > ). c1 (, ) (
) A . c2 ( , ) (
) A c1 (, )
. c3 .
() , , .
() .

() :

9
( c1 (, ) )
( c2 ( , ) )

= = 90
:
2

=
= 90 .
:
2
. :

=
= 90 .
() , () = , ()
2
= =
= =

(1)
(2)

(1)

, = = ,

(3)
2 = = 90 .
2

5
= = , ( )
( ).
:

=
= 90
(4)
1 =
2
(3) (4) :

=
= = 90 ,
(5)
2 =
1
2
, , , ,
. , , , .
, ,
.

10

+ 90 + 90 = 180 ,
+
+
=

2
2

,

.

90
.

, :
()
=
1
1
1

c = ( , , ) , :
3

. , , :
= = 90

1
1
1

=
= ,
+
= 90 90
1 =
1
1
1
2
2

.
= , .

4
a, b
a 2 + 4b 2 =2a + 12b 5 .
a + b a, b .

s= a + b , :
2
a 2 + 4 ( s a ) = 2a + 12 ( s a ) 5 .

5a 2 ( 8s 10 ) a + 4s 2 12s + 5 =
0

(1)

(1) a ,
, :
2
2
= ( 8s 10 ) 20 ( 4 s 2 12 s + 5 ) 0 4 ( 4 s 5 ) 5 ( 4 s 2 12 s + 5 ) 0 4 s 2 + 20 s 0

s ( s 5 ) 0 ( s 0 s 5 0 ) ( s 0 s 5 0 ) 0 s 5.
s= a + b 5. s = 5
=0 , a = 3 b = 2 .

1
, , ,
,
= ,
= ,
= .


+ 2 = ,

11

6


= = = = , :
2 2

+ = + =
2 2



+ = + + + =0 + =0 +

= (, , , ) + =

)(

2
a
x 3 2 x 2 = 4ax 2 11ax + 6a
.

:
x3 2 x 2 = 4ax 2 11ax + 6a x 3 2 x 2 = 4ax 2 8ax 3ax + 6a

x 2 ( x 2=
) 4ax ( x 2 ) 3a ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 2 4ax + 3a=) 0
x 2 =0 x 2 4ax + 3a =0 x =2 x 2 4ax + 3a =0.
x = 2 , a ,
a x 2 4ax + 3a =
0 .
=
16a 2 12
=
a 4a ( 4a 3)
3
, 4a ( 4a 3) 0 a 0 a .
4
u , v , Vieta :

u+v =
4a uv =
3a 3 ( u + v ) =
4uv 3u + 3v 4uv =
0 u ( 3 4v ) =
3v ,

4u 3 0 :
3v
1 12v 1 12v 9 + 9 1
9
9
u=
3
=
=
=
.

3+
4u =
4v 3 4 4v 3 4 4v 3 4
4v 3
4v 3
, 4v 3 {9, 9, 3, 3, 1, 1} , :

12
=
v 3=
v 0=
v 1.

=
v 3=
v 1
=
u 1=
u 3 a = 1 .
v = 0 u = 0 a = 0.

=
a 0=
a 1 .

3
( x, y, z )

x2 + y 2 + z 2 =
6a 2 ,
x+ y =
3a,
y + z 3a,
a .

s= y + z , z= s y . =
x 3a y ,

2
2
(1)
( 3a y ) + y 2 + ( s y ) = 6a 2 3 y 2 2 ( 3a + s ) y + s 2 + 3a 2 = 0
y , , ,

2
=
4 ( 3a + s ) 3 ( s 2 + 3a 2 ) 0 2 s 2 + 6as 0 0 s 3a.

: s 3a, : s = 3a .
3a + s
=0 (1)
=
y = 2a ,
3
x = 3a y = a z = 3a y = a . ,
( x, y , z ) = ( a , 2 a , a ) .

4
ABC ( O, R ) I
. N BC M
C . MI ( O, R ) D
= IBC
.
( N, NI ) E. : EBD

( N, NI ) B C . , BIN


= A + B . NBI
=
+ CBI
= A + B ,
AIB , BIN
NBC
2 2
2 2

BIN = NBI , NB = NI .
, BC
, ( O, R ) ,
= 90 . ( N, NI ) D IE .
NDM

13

BEI
. BDM
BED EBD
90 BAN=90

=
BDM
2

= C ( ( N, NI ) ).
BEI
2

= 90 A C = B = IBC
.
EBD
2 2 2

1
a
x3 4 x 2 = 5ax 2 26ax + 24a
.

:
x 3 4 x 2 = 5ax 2 26ax + 24a x 3 4 x 2 = 5ax 2 20ax 6ax + 24a = 0
x 2 ( x 4=
) 5ax ( x 4 ) 6a ( x 4 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 2 5ax + 6a=) 0
x 4 =0 x 2 5ax + 6a =0 x =4 x 2 5ax + 6a =0.
x = 4 , a ,
a x 2 5ax + 6a =
0 2
. =
25a 24
=
a a ( 25a 24 ) 24
.
25
u , v , Vieta :

, a ( 25a 24 ) 0 a 0 a

u+v =
5a uv =
6a 6 ( u + v ) =
5uv 6u + 6v 5uv =
0 u ( 6 5v ) =
6v ,

6 5v 0 :
6v
1 30v 1 30v 36 + 36 1
36
36
u=
=
=
=
.

6+
5u 6=
5v 6 5 5v 6 5
5v 6
5v 6
5v 6
5

14
,
5v 6 {36, 36, 18, 18, 12, 12, 9, 9, 6, 6, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1} ,
:
v=
6 v =
3 v=
0 v=
1 v=
2.
v =
6 v =
1 u = 1 u = 6 , , a = 1 .

=
v 3=
v 2
=
u 2=
u 3, , a = 1
v = 0 u = 0 a = 0.
a = 0 a = 1 .
2
Oxy
=
D

{( x, y ) : ( x 1)

+ ( y 2) 8 2 .
2

() x + y, ( x, y ) D ,
x, y .
() k , x + y =
k C : ( x 1) + ( y 2 ) =
8 , .
2

() S= x + y . D :

( x 1) + ( S x 2 ) 8 .
2 x 2 + 2 (1 S ) x + S 2 4 S 3 0 .
2

(1)

:
2
= 4 (1 S ) 2 ( S 2 4 S 3) = 4 (1 2 S + S 2 2 S 2 + 8S + 6 )

=
4 ( S 2 6 S 7 ) =
4 ( S + 1)( S 7 ) .

(1) x
(1), : 0 1 S 7 , -

S S max = 7 . S = 7 (1) x 2 6 x + 9 0 ( x 3) 0
2

x = 3 , y = S max x = 7 3 = 4 .
() k : x + y =
k C : ( x 1) + ( y 2 ) =
8 .
2

C k ,
2
2
( x 1) + ( y 2 ) = 8, x + y= k ,
, C .
,
(2)
2 x 2 + 2 (1 k ) x + k 2 4k 3 =
0.

x , = 4 ( k 2 6k 7 ) = 0
k=
1 k =
7 , k kmin = 1 .
(2) k = 1. =0 (2)

15

k 1
x =

= =
1 , y = 0 .
2
2
( x, y ) = ( 1, 0 ) .
3
f : * * , * 0, 1-1 k .
2
2
2
3 ( f (1) 1) + ( f ( 2 ) 1) + ... + ( f ( k + 1) 1)

, a {1, 2,..., k + 1} ,

f (a) k + 2 .

=
a 1, 2,..., k + 1 , f ( a ) < k + 2 . f ( a ) k + 1

=
a 1, 2,..., k + 1 . f 1-1,
f (1) 1, f ( 2 ) 1, ..., f ( k + 1) 1 ,
( ) 1 1, 2 1,..., k + 1 1 .

2
2
2
2
3 ( f (1) 1) + ( f ( 2 ) 1) + ... + ( f ( k + 1) 1) = 3 12 + 22 + ... + ( k + 1)

3
2
k ( k + 1)( 2k + 1) 2k + 3k + k
3
=
=
=
k 3 + k 2 + k.
2
2
2
3
3
k 3 < k 3 + k 2 + k < ( k + 1) ,
2
, (). a {1, 2,..., k + 1} f ( a ) k + 2 .
4
c(O, R ) , ( ) , , , .
c1 c(O, R ) , ( ). , , .
:
(i) , , .
(ii) c ( , R ) .

(i) , , , : .

16

8
c1 .
c ( =90 ) .
1

c1 .
.
= = 90 , , :
=
(1) .
= = 90 , , :

=
(2) .
(1) (2) , = ,
.
(ii) (
c1 ), c(O, R ) . :
(3)
2 = .
(3) ( (1) ), :
(4)
2 = .
. c(O, R ) ( , , ) ,
.