Thuyet Minh

N THIT K MNG THNG TIN LIN LC
Mc lc
HIN TRNG KHU T QUY HOCH: ............................................................................. 4
I.
1.
V tr gii hn khu t ...................................................................................................... 4
2.
Hin trng s dng t ................................................................................................... 4
3.
nh gi tng hp ........................................................................................................... 4
4.
Hin trng mng li thng tin...................................................................................... 7

C S V NH HNG THIT K ................................................................................ 7
II.
1.
C s................................................................................................................................. 7
2.
nh hng....................................................................................................................... 7
III.
TNH TON S B NHU CU THNG TIN ................................................................. 7
IV.
QUY HOCH PHN KHU T L 1/2000 ........................................................................ 8
1.
La chn kin trc mng truy nhp .............................................................................. 8
2.
La chn cu hnh mng truy nhp............................................................................ 12
3.
La chn v tr tng i ................................................................................................. 15
4.
Tng hp phng n thit k mng cp chnh ........................................................ 16
5.
Phng n vch tuyn ................................................................................................. 17

QUY HOCH CHI TIT T L 1/500 ............................................................................... 18
V.
1.
Mng cp phi................................................................................................................ 18
2.
V tr t cp...................................................................................................................... 18
3.
La chn splitter lp t ti t ..................................................................................... 18
4.
Mng sng cp .............................................................................................................. 20
5.
Hp phn phi cp n thu bao ................................................................................ 20
6.
Chi tit hm cp ............................................................................................................. 20
7.
Rnh chn cp ............................................................................................................... 21
VI.
1.
2.
3.
K THUT THI CNG ..................................................................................................... 23

Thi cng h thng cng, hm cp .............................................................................. 23
1.1.
o rnh .................................................................................................................. 23
1.2.
Kim tra rnh o trc khi lp t ng ............................................................. 24
1.3.
Lp t ng ............................................................................................................. 24
1.4.
Ni ng ..................................................................................................................... 27
1.5.
Lp t ..................................................................................................................... 29
1.6.
Nhim thu ng cng ............................................................................................... 29
1.7.
Thu dn mt bng, kim tra, lau ra thit b ...................................................... 29
Kim tra, xc nh cng v lm v sinh chun b lp t cp ................................ 29

2.1.
Ri vt liu ............................................................................................................... 30
2.2.
Lp t ng ph...................................................................................................... 30
Lp t cp quang ......................................................................................................... 31
Svth: PHAN GIA KHU | Mssv: 09510400671
VII.
3.1.
Kim tra, o th cp .............................................................................................. 31
3.2.
Lp t cp quang bng k thut bn, thi cp ................................................ 32
3.3.
Lp t cp quang bng k thut th tri cp ................................................... 33
3.4.
Lp t cp quang bng cch ko ...................................................................... 34
3.5.
Kim tra sau khi lp t cp vo trong ng ........................................................ 35
3.6.
Hn ni cp, gn th v nh s cp ................................................................. 35
3.7.
Lp t t, hp v kt cui cp ............................................................................ 38
3.8.
Kim tra, nghim thu tuyn cp ........................................................................... 40
3.9.
Bo v cp............................................................................................................... 41
3.10.
Hon tr mt bng thi cng, thu dn, kim tra my mc thit b .................... 41
AN TON TRONG KHI THI CNG CP NGM ......................................................... 43
1.
Nguyn tc t chc thi cng an ton.......................................................................... 43
2.
Quy nh an ton khi thi cng cp ngm ................................................................... 43
Danh mc hnh:
Hnh 1: S v tr khu vc nghin cu .................................................................................... 4
Hnh 2: M hnh mng tng qut xDSL ...................................................................................... 9
Hnh 3: M hnh mng tng qut FTTx ..................................................................................... 10
Hnh 4: Cu trc mng FTTP s dng mng quang th ng PON.................................... 12
Hnh 5: M hnh cu trc mng quang ch ng AON .......................................................... 12
Hnh 6: M hnh cu trc mng quang th ng PON ........................................................... 13
Hnh 7: Cu trc mng truy nhp GPON.................................................................................. 15
Hnh 8: V tr t phi quang cp 1 FDH trong khu quy hoch ............................................... 16
Hnh 9: Splitter t l chia 1x2 ...................................................................................................... 19
Hnh 10: Splitter t l chia 1x16 ................................................................................................. 19
Hnh 11: Mng sng quang ........................................................................................................ 20
Hnh 12: ODF treo tng 4 cng ............................................................................................... 20
Hnh 13: Chi tit bng cnh bo cp ngm .............................................................................. 21
Hnh 14: Lp t ng cng ......................................................................................................... 26
Hnh 15: M t lp ng ni ni ng ...................................................................................... 27
Hnh 16: M t phng php ni ng bng clie ................................................................... 28
Hnh 17: Ni mng xng ng nha PVC .................................................................................. 28
Hnh 18: B tr my bn cp ti cc h trung gian .................................................................. 32
Hnh 19: S m t h thng bn cp .................................................................................. 33
Hnh 20: S h thng th tri cp ........................................................................................ 34
Hnh 21: ng bao si v m si ............................................................................................. 37
Hnh 22: Cun thm cc si ring l quanh khay hn ........................................................... 37
Hnh 23: Chun b u cp ......................................................................................................... 39
Hnh 24: Lp t kp cp ............................................................................................................ 40
Danh mc bng:
Bng 1: Thng k nhu cu thu bao ........................................................................................... 8
Bng 2: c tnh mng xDSL ..................................................................................................... 10
Bng 3: Bng so snh 2 kiu cu hnh AON v PON ............................................................ 14
Bng 4: Bng thng n thu bao qua cc b chia................................................................ 17
I.
HIN TRNG KHU T QUY HOCH:
1.
V tr gii hn khu t
Khu quy hoc thuc mt phn v nm ti trung tm khu th mi
Waterfront x Long Hng, huyn Long Thnh, tnh ng Nai, nm v pha Nam.
Hnh 1: S v tr khu vc nghin cu
- Pha Bc gip ng chnh th Phc Thnh Long Hng

- Pha Ty gip ng Ha Bnh
- Pha Nam gip sng
- Pha ng gip ng
Quy m din tch khu t thit k khong 25.97ha
2.
Hin trng s dng t
Hin nay phn ln l t sn xut nng nghip vi t trng cy n qu, cy
trm, cy bi v rung.
3.
nh gi tng hp
a) c im chung:
Cc iu kin t nhin v x hi a im d kin xy dng Khu dn c

Waterfront c nhng c im sau:
- V tr a l thun li u t xy dng khu dn c (gn Tp. H Ch Minh,
gn trung tm th mi Long Thnh, gn h thng khu du lch dc sng ng
Nai, v cc trung tm hnh chnh, gio dc,...)
- iu kin mi trng tt, cnh quan p
- Gn cc tuyn giao thng ng b quan trng ca th
- Thun tin trong vic cung cp in, nc, thot nc,
- a hnh tng i bng phng, thun tin cho xy dng
- Dn c tha tht, s khng gp nhiu tr ngi trong vic n b gii ta,
gii phng mt bng v thu hi t. C th trin khai u t sau khi lp quy hoch
chi tit.
b) Li th:
Vi v tr a l nu trn, ng thi trong bi cnh chung v pht trin kinh t
- x hi ca vng kinh t trng im pha Nam v tnh ng Nai, huyn Long
Thnh c nhng li th sau:
- L ni hi t nhiu u mi giao thng quan trng ni huyn vi cc trung
tm kinh t ln trong vng kinh t trng im pha Nam (Tp. H Ch Minh, TP.
Bin Ha, tnh B Ra Vng Tu, tnh Bnh Dng) v khu vc Nam Ty
Nguyn, Duyn hi Nam Trung B, nn kh thun li thu ht u t t bn
ngoi hnh thnh cc khu v cm cng nghip.
- a hnh t ai thch hp trng cy cao su, cy n tri v cc cy c gi tr
kinh t cao, cng l mt trong nhng li th pht trin ngnh cng nghip
ch bin nng sn thc phm, ch bin lm sn, gn vi vng nguyn liu. Ti
nguyn khong sn tuy khng phong ph v chng loi nhng tr lng kh ln,
ch yu v t si sn lm nguyn liu phc v cho xy dng, giao thng v
san lp mt bng, pht trin ngnh cng nghip khai thc v sn xut vt liu xy
dng, khai thc tim nng li th ca a phng.
- Ngun nhn lc hin ti a phng hin nay s l mt trong nhng
thun li cho pht trin cc ngnh tiu th cng nghip, th cng m ngh, ngnh
ngh s dng nhiu lao ng nh may mc, giy dp, ch bin g, trong thi
gian ti.
- Cng tc qun l nh nc v cng nghip trn a bn huyn c

quan tm, trong quy hoch t i, khu vc hnh thnh cc khu, cm cng
nghip, to iu kin v khng gian cho pht trin cng nghip trong tng lai.
c) Hn ch:
H thng c s h tng phc v cho pht trin cng nghip (khu, cm cng
nghip) mi c quy hoch, cha p ng yu cu cho pht trin cng nghip.
Tnh hnh pht trin khu cng nghip v cc cm cng nghip c tp trung
thc hin, tuy nhin tin cn chm, nh hng n thu ht u t pht trin
cng nghip tiu th cng nghip trn a bn huyn.
Vi nh hng pht trin cc ngnh cng nghip, dch v, nng t trng
ngnh cng nghip, dch v trong c cu kinh t ca huyn, to c cu kinh t
bn vng theo hng cng nghip - dch v - nng nghip. Tuy nhin hin ti
cng nghip cn chim t trng nh trong c cu kinh t ca huyn, do chnh
sch chuyn dch c cu cng nghip cn chm.
Ngun nhn lc cha p ng c yu cu ca s nghip cng nghip
ha, hin i ha. Dn s sng ph thuc vo sn xut nng nghip cn ln, lc
lng lao ng tr di do, nhng ch yu l lao ng ph thng , t l lao ng
k thut hoc qua o to cn thp. Tp qun sn xut v tm l ca ngi lao
ng vn cn mang nng c im sn xut nng nghip, nh l, cha tip cn
c vi phong cch ca nn sn xut c tnh cng nghip, hin i.
d) Tng kt chung:
Tm li, y l khu vc c v tr chin lc ht sc quan trng, va l u
mi giao thng ni cc khu trung tm kinh t ln, va l ni thu ht u t t bn
ngoi hnh thnh cc khu, cm cng nghip v cc khu cng nghip chuyn
ngnh ch bin nng sn thc phm.
Tuy nhin, khng nh v tr ca mnh trong tin trnh m ca hi nhp,
thc hin cng nghip ha, hin i ha, tr thnh im n an ton, hp dn vi
cc nh u t, huyn Long Thnh cn phi tip tc xy dng n nh chnh sch
kinh t, h thng h tng phc v cho vic pht trin kinh t - x hi ti a bn.
Mt khc, chin lc o to ngh v gii quyt vic lm cho lc lng lao ng
tr trn a bn huyn l mt thch thc khng nh, vic pht trin cc khu, cm
cng nghip s dn n ln song lao ng nhp c t, to ra nhiu p lc ln
cho x hi.
4.
Hin trng mng li thng tin
Khu vc cha c h thng thng tin lin lc hon chnh, ch c mt s tuyn

cp in thoi phc v dn sinh. Khng ph hp vi quy m ca khu dn c
Long Hng.
C S V NH HNG THIT K
II.
1.
C s
- QCXDVN 01:2008/BXD Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam

- QCVN 32:2011/BTTTT Quy chun k thut quc gia v chng st cho cc
trm vin thng v mng cp ngoi vi vin thng
- QUYT NH 246-2005/Q-TTG Ph duyt Chin lc pht trin cng
ngh thng tin v truyn thng Vit Nam n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm
2020
- Quyt nh 146/Q-UBND ngy 19/01/2009 ca UBND tnh ng Nai v
vic ph duyt quy hoch xy dng chi tit t l 1/2000 khu i th Waterfront ti
x Long Hng, huyn Long Thnh, tnh ng Nai
2.
nh hng
Vi nh hng quy hoch tr thnh khu vc pht trin chin lc v kinh t

- x hi ca huyn Long Thnh, cng nh ton tnh ng Nai v vng kinh t
trng im pha Nam, vi c s hng tng hin i, ta thy nhu cu pht trin
thng tin kh cao, nn vic u t xy dng h thng thng tin an ton, m bo
cht lng truyn dn, p ng nhu cu ca a phng l rt quan trng. Ngoi
nhu cu v mng in thoi truyn thng, ta cn d bo c v nhu cu pht trin
truyn hnh cp, HDTV, internet tc cao, hi ngh trc tuyn, o to t xa,
Vi nhng yu cu cng vi cng ngh vin thng hin ti trn th gii
ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring, cn u tin pht trin h thng cp quang trong
khu vc nghin cu thay th mng cp ng truyn thng.
III.
TNH TON S B NHU CU THNG TIN
Nh cp trn y, n u tin pht trin mng thng tin quang.

Trong mng thng tin quang, yu cu ch cn 1 ng truyn cp quang cho 1
u cui khch hng, tc l ch cn 1 thu bao cho 1 n v khch hng 1. Do ,
n thc hin tnh ton nhu cu da trn s lng nhu cu u cui ca tng
cng trnh.
Tng s nhu cu thu bao ca khu vc quy hoch l 1,921 thu bao. C th
nh sau:
STT
No.
K
HIU
Sign
N V
TNH
Unit
GI
TR
Values
CH TIU
Criteria
D
PHNG
Reserve
NHU
CU
Demands
QUYT NH 246-2005/Q-TTG Ph duyt Chin lc pht trin cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng Vit
Nam n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020 nh hng 50 thu bao/100 dn, quyt nh ny ch p dng ph
hp i vi mng cp ng.
Thu bao/n v tnh

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
P02
E01
MA04
HM03
HM04
HM17
HL23
HL41
HL49
HL84
HL87
Cng trnh
Cng trnh
Cng trnh
Ngi
Ngi
Ngi
Ngi
Ngi
Ngi
Ngi
Ngi
1
1
1
1,447
1,229
3,795
172
24
60
84
48
7
5
10
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
12
GA23
Cng trnh
13
GA05
Cng trnh
14
CP04
Cng trnh
%
20
20
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1 (thu
bao)
2 (thu
bao)
2 (thu
bao)
TNG
Thu bao
8
6
11
398
339
1,044
47
7
17
23
13
2
4
4
1,921
Bng 1: Thng k nhu cu thu bao
Bng thng k chi tit xin vui lng xem Ph lc 1, trang
IV.
QUY HOCH PHN KHU T L 1/2000

1.
La chn kin trc mng truy nhp
So snh 2 phng n gia vic trin khai mng cp ng s dng cng

ngh xDSL v mng truy nhp bng cp quang FTTx.
a) Phng n 1: Trin khai mng cp ng s dng cng ngh xDSL
Hnh 2: M hnh mng tng qut xDSL
Ch x th hin cho cc cng ngh DSL khc nhau nh: ADSL, HDSL,
VDSL, SDSL...y l cc k thut truy nhp im ti im, ni gia thu bao v
tng i trung tm cho php truyn ti nhiu dng thng tin nh: m thanh, hnh
nh qua i dy ng truyn thng. Gii php ca xDSL l s dng di tn ln
hn pha trn di tn m dch v thoi s dng v vy bng thng truyn dn cao
hn. Ti , ngi ta s dng cc phng php m ha khc nhau c th
truyn c tc d liu ln rt cao. Tc ca ng dy xDSL tu thuc
thit b s dng, khong cch t tng i n thu bao, cht lng tuyn cp, tc
m ho...Thng thng k thut ny cho php hu ht khch hng truyn t
tc 128Kbps ti 1,5Mbps. Vi k thut mi nht VDSL cho php truyn s liu
vi tc ln ti 52Mbps theo hng t tng i n cc thu bao.
u im:
Tn dng c c s h tng cp ng ph bin
Thit b s dng ph bin, d m rng mng li.
C bn c l cao, d thi cng, sa cha, lp t m khng i hi
cng ngh k thut cao.
Thun li cho cc kt ni d liu tc cao (nh vic phn chia cc
tn hiu thoi v d liu trn ng dy thnh cc bng tn ring)
Chi ph u t thp hn so vi mng cp quang.
Nhc im:
xDSL l cng ngh nhy cm vi c li. Khi chiu di tuyn cp kt ni
t DSLAM ti thu bao tng ln th cht lng tn hiu cng nh tc
kt ni u gim xung.
Cng ngh
Dung lng
upload ti a
Dung lng
download ti a
C li ti a
HDSL
1.5 Mbps
1.5 Mbps (0.3km)
5.4 km
SDSL
2.3 Mbps
2.3 Mbps (0.3km)
5.6 km
ADSL
1 Mbps
8 Mbps (0.3km)
5.4 km
ADSL2+
2 Mbps
24 Mbps (0.3km)
5.6 km
VDSL
13 Mbps
52 Mbps (0.3km)
1.3 km
Bng 2: c tnh mng xDSL
Nh vy, vi dch v VoD (Video on Demand Truyn hnh theo yu cu)

cn tc ti thiu 3Mbps v HDTV (High Definition Television Truyn hnh
phn gii cao) th 2 cng ngh ADSL, SDSL u khng th p ng cc yu cu
bng thng cho cc dch v trn.Cn VDSL v ADSL2+ tuy c th cung cp
bng thng cho cc dch v video online nhng li b hn ch v c li.
b) Phng n 2: Trin khai mng truy nhp cp quang FTTx
Hnh 3: M hnh mng tng qut FTTx
u im:
Cho php tn hiu truyn i vi c ly xa hn, suy hao trn ng dy
rt t
Kh nng chng nhiu v xuyn m tt, cht lng truyn dn cao, n
nh, khng b nh hng bi cc yu t thi tit, chiu di ng
dy.
10
bo mt tn hiu cao.
Bng tn truyn dn ln, cho php s dng ng thi nhiu dch v ti
cng mt thi im nhng vn m bo tc truy cp v n nh
cao.
Tc truyn dn, download, upload cao (tc download c th ln
n 10Gbps i vi cng ngh FTTH).
Nhc im:
Chi ph lp t, bo dng, qun l cao hn so vi mng cp ng.
Tuy nhin nh s ra i ca mng cp quang th ng PON, chi ph
u t ban u gim ng k v hon ton c th cnh tranh vi
mng cp ng.
Yu cu tay ngh, cng ngh k thut cao.
Tuy nhin, y l xu hng pht trin ch yu ca mng vin thng, nhm
m bo cht lng, bng thng ng truyn cho thu bao vi cc dch v i
hi tc cao nh VoD, HDTV, Video Conference (Hi ngh truyn hnh), o to
t xa, lm vic, cha bnh t xa,
Xt v tr khu t, tnh hnh pht trin kinh t - x hi ti a phng, ta thy
rng y l khu vc nm trong vng kinh t trng im pha Nam, gn cc khu
trung tm kinh t ln, cng nh cc khu, cm cng nghip ln ca tnh ng Nai
(khu cng nghip Long Thnh 1, 2, 3) nn vic m bo mng h tng vin
thng l rt quan trng. Nhu cu v thng tin cng nh cc dch v tc cao v
bng thng rng l ht sc cn thit, nhm theo kp xu hng pht trin chung
ca ton vng.
ng thi cn c vo kh nng cung ng cc nh mng cng nh cc cng
ngh mi ra i gip gim thiu chi ph xy dng ban u cng nh kh nng
nng cp bng thng d dng cho ng truyn khi c nhu cu ca mng cp
quang, ta la chn kin trc cho mng nh sau:
c) Phng n chn: Trin khai mng truy nhp cp quang FTTP (Fiber to
the Premises)
Ton b mng li u l cp quang t tng i ni ht n thu bao. Mng
FTTP c cc dng l: FTTH (Fiber to the Home) nu khch hng l h gia nh,
FTTB (Fiber to the Building) hoc FTTO (Fiber to the Office) nu cp quang n
ta nh cao tng. Ring FTTB, khi vo bn trong cng trnh th phn cp i n
thu bao s l cp ng, cn FTTO trin khai cp quang n tn cc doanh
nghip, cng ty bn trong cng trnh.
11
Hnh 4: Cu tr c mng FTTP s dng mng quang th ng PON
2.
La chn cu hnh mng truy nhp
So snh 2 phng n gia vic trin khai cu trc mng quang ch ng

AON (Active Optical Network) v mng quang th ng PON (Passive Optical
Network).
a) Phng n 1: Cu tr c mng quang ch ng AON
AON (Active Optical Network - mng cp quang ch ng) l kin trc mng
im - im (point to point); thng thng mi thu bao c mt ng cp quang
ring chy t thit b trung tm (Access Node) n thu bao (FTTH Fiber to the
Home).
Hnh 5: M hnh cu tr c mng quang ch ng AON
u im:
Tm ko dy xa (ln n 70km m khng cn b lp repeater)
Tnh bo mt cao (do vic can thip nghe ln hay ly cp thng tin
trn ng truyn l gn nh khng th).
12
D dng nng cp bng thng thu bao khi cn.

D xc nh li trn h thng.
Nhc im:
Vi cng ngh hin ti, thit b chuyn mch bt buc phi chuyn tn
hiu quang thnh tn hiu in phn tch thng tin ri tip tc
chuyn ngc li truyn i. iu ny s lm gim tc truyn dn
ti a c th trong h thng.
Chi ph cao do vic vn hnh cc thit b trn ng truyn u cn
ngun cung cp, mi thu bao l mt si quang ring, cn nhiu
khng gian cha cp.
b) Phng n 2: Cu tr c mng quang th ng PON
ng truyn chnh s i t thit b trung tm OLT (Optical Line
Termination) t ti tng i qua mt thit b chia tn hiu (Splitter) t ti ci t
phi quang FDH (Fiber Distribution Hub) v t thit b ny mi ko n nhiu
ngi dng (c th chia t 32 - 64 thu bao). Splitter khng cn ngun cung cp ,
c th t bt k u nn nu trin khai cho nhiu thu bao th chi ph gim ng
k so vi AON. Do Splitter khng cn ngun nn h thng cng tit kim in
hn v khng gian cha cp cng t hn so vi AON.
Hnh 6: M hnh cu tr c mng quang th ng PON
u im:
S dng cc b tch/ghp quang th ng, c gi thnh r v c th
t bt k u, khng ph thuc vo cc iu kin mi trng.
13
Splitter khng cn ngun nn h thng cng tit kim in hn v

khng gian cha cp cng t hn so vi AON.
Gim thit b thu, pht v si quang trong mng li, gip cc nh
khai thc gim c chi ph bo dng, vn hnh.
Ty vo nhu cu bng thng thu bao, PON cng c th s dng kt
hp vi cp ng trin khai VDSL.
Nhc im:
Kh nng cp bng thng khi thu bao c nhu cu (do kin trc im
n nhiu im s nh hng n nhng thu bao khc trong trng
hp dng ht bng thng)
Kh xc nh li hn AON, do 1 si quang chung cho nhiu ngi
dng
Tnh bo mt khng cao bng AON
Cng ngh
Bng thng
trn mi thu
bao
Tng bng
thng tm
thi cho thu
bao
(cn sao lu
d phng
my ch,
chng hn)
S thu bao
b nh hng
khi c li
Thi gian xc
nh li
Kh nng b
nghe ln
AON
100Mbps 1Gbps
PON
2,5Gbps/1,25Gbps nu khng dng splitter,
trin khai theo m hnh im - im, tuy
nhin thng chia thnh 1:32 (78Mbps) hay
1:64 (39Mbps).
n gin
Phc tp
Nhiu
Nhanh
Chm hn
Rt thp
Cao
Cao do ty m hnh khch hng

tin cy ca c th c kt ni theo dualng cp
homing (c 2 ng truyn khc
n thu bao nhau), vng trn (ring) hay 2 kt
ni
Thp, khng c phng n 2 kt ni trn

mt PON
Chi ph trin
khai
Thp v si quang t OLT s c chia s

cho nhiu thu bao qua b chia th ng
(passive splitter)
Chi ph vn
hnh
Chi ph nng
cp
Cao do mi thu bao l mt si

quang ring
Cao cc thit b nh Access Node

Thp do OLT kch thc nh v passive
cn cp ngun v kch thc
splitter khng cn ngun. Phc v khong
cng ln, yu cu khng gian.
8000 thu bao ch cn khng gian ca mt
Khng gian cho cp cng cn
t rack
nhiu.
Thp, do c tnh im n im
Cao do mt ton b thu bao trong mt dy
nn vic nng cp bng thng
PON (t OLT qua splitter n ngi dng)
n gin, chng hn ch cn thay
phi c nng cp.
thit b u cui (CPE)
Bng 3: Bng so snh 2 kiu cu hnh AON v PON
14
c) Phng n chn: Trin khai mng quang th ng G-PON

Tng hp cc iu kin kinh t - x hi ca a phng v yu t k thut, ta
la chn phng n trin khai mng quang th ng PON vi cu trc G-PON
theo khuyn ngh G.984 ca ITU-T2.
Tc truyn ti d liu ca GPON c chia lm 7 mc:
0.15552 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down

1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down (tc chnh c s dng
hin nay)
Khong cch ti a theo l thuyt: 60 km
Khong cch ti a thc t: 20 km
Loi si quang s dng: quang 1 si, bc sng 1490 nm cho chiu
xung v 1310 nm cho chiu ln.
T l chia ti a ca Splitter: 1:128
Hnh 7: Cu tr c mng truy nhp GPON
3.
La chn v tr tng i
Do tng nhu cu thng tin trong khu vc khng qu ln, ng thi khong
cch truyn ca cp quang gc rt ln (70km) ,nn khng cn thit k ring mt
tng i ni ht, m thay vo ta s t mt t phi quang FDH (Fiber
International Telegraph Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector: y ban Tiu chun
Vin thng ca Lin minh Vin thng quc t.
2
15
Distribution Hub) lm t phi quang cp 1 cha splitter chia quang ti v tr quy

hoch dnh cho t cy xanh. Kch thc t FDH khng ln, do khng nh
hng nhiu n sinh hot cng cng ti v tr t t.
Dn tuyn cp quang FO 48 loi n mt u ni vi tuyn cp quang FO
96 trn ng chnh Phc Thnh Long Hng pha Bc khu vc thit k.
V tr FDH trong khu t v u ni c th hin trn bn v nh sau:
Hnh 8: V tr t phi quang cp 1 FDH trong khu quy hoch
4.
Tng hp phng n thit k mng cp chnh
i vi cc tuyn cp quang gc, theo khuyn ngh G.984 ca ITU-T, =

1490 nm chiu xung v = 1310 nm chiu ln, tc download l 2.488Gbps
v upload l 1.244Gbps.
Dn tuyn cp quang FO 48 SM (loi n mt) r nhnh t tuyn cp
quang FO 96 trn ng Phc Thnh Long Hng, kt cui ti t phi quang
cp 1 FDH, t trong khu t quy hoch dnh cho t cy xanh. Ti y, splitter
1x2 chia thnh 96FO u ra, sau dn tuyn v cc chc nng trong khu quy
hoch vi kt cui l cc t phi quang cp 2.
T phi quang cp 2 l ni xc nh cc loi hnh thc cung cp FTTH (Fiber
to the Home) i vi t xy xng bit th, FTTB (Fiber to the Building) i vi
chung c v FTTO (Fiber to the Office) i vi cng trnh hnh chnh, gio dc,
dch v , thng mi. Ring FTTB, khi vo bn trong cng trnh th phn cp i
n thu bao s l cp ng nh trn hnh 18, cn FTTO trin khai cp quang
16
n tn cc doanh nghip, cng ty bn trong cng trnh. FTTB v FTTO u dng

cc t trung gian bn trong cng trnh gi l MDU (Multi Dwelling Unit) lm
u cui mng quang (Optical Network Terminal - ONT) trc khi chuyn sang
mng cp ng.
Cung cp dch v Triple play i vi FTTH v FTTO gm cc loi hnh:
Dch v bng rng khng i xng (dch v broadcast ni dung s,
video theo yu cu, download file,...)
Dch v bng rng i xng (broadcast ni dung, email, trao i file,
o to t xa, khm bnh t xa, chi game trc tuyn, hi ngh trc
tuyn )
Dch v in thoi truyn thng v ISDN
ng thu knh ring dnh cho doanh nghip
Hnh thc FTTB gm cc loi hnh:
Dch v bng rng khng i xng (dch v broadcast ni dung s,
video theo yu cu, download file, )
Dch v in thoi truyn thng v ISDN
Do cc loi dch v cung cp khc nhau, do i hi bng thng khc nhau
i vi mi loi hnh dch v. V vy, T l chia ca splitter ti t phi quang cp 2
ty thuc vo loi dch v cung cp ca tng chc nng:
i vi t FTTH v FTTO, s dng splliter c t l chi 1x16 t l
chia trn ton tuyn l 1:32. Vi t l chia ny, bng thng n thu
bao l 76.5 Mbps, theo khuyn ngh ca ITU-T, bng thng ny m
bo cung cp dch v Triple play.
i vi t FTTB, s dng splliter c t l chi 1x32 t l chia trn
ton tuyn l 1:64. Vi t l chia ny, bng thng n thu bao l
38.25 Mbps, m bo bng thng cung cp cc dch v trnh by
trn.
T
5.
hng
u ng
t i
i thu
1:128
19,125 Mbit/s
1:96
25,5 Mbit/s
2,5 Gbit/s
1:64
38,25Mbit/s
1:32
76,5 Mbit/s
Bng 4: Bng thng n thu bao qua cc b chia
T
hi
Phng n vch tuyn
Phng n vch tuyn cp c th hin trn bn v.
17
V.
QUY HOCH CHI TIT T L 1/500

1.
Mng cp phi
Trong phm vi nghin cu ch c i tng thu bao u cui l nh bit th

gm cc chc nng HL49, HL84 v HL87 vi tng s cng trnh l 48 cn v
nhu cu 53 thu bao ( bao gm c d phng).
Cn c theo phng n quy hoch phn khu 1/2000, khu vc quy hoch chi
tit c b tr mt t phi quang cp 2 vi hnh thc FTTH (t FTTH2). T
FTTH2 c u ni thng quang cp quang 4FO.
2.
V tr t cp
Tuy rng khong cch phc ca cc tuyn cp quang rt ln, tuy

nhin m bo phc v tt nht cng nh suy hao ng u trn
cc si, ta t t phi cp gn tm ca khu phc v, sao cho khong
cch ko cp n cc hp cp l ngn nht.
V tr t t cp c la chn sao cho s dng ti u dung lng
cng b, cng nh thun tin cho vic thi cng cp phi, bo dng,
x l v thay th cp. Khng t t qu su trong vng phc v ca t
cp nhm trnh vic phi chy nhiu cp phi ngc v pha tng i
gy tn dung lng cng b.
Khng t t cp gn t phn phi in lc.
Khng c t t cp trn b ti cc v tr giao nhau ca ng giao
thng.
Ni lc chn lp t t cp trn b phi cch vch k phn ng
dnh cho ngi i b qua ng v pha ngoi khu vc ng giao
nhau t nht l 5m. Khong cch t mp va h pha ng n im
gn nht ca b v t cp khng nh hn 30 cm.
Cp ngm i t h thng cng b vo t cp hoc i ra khi t cp
phi c t trong ng dn cp bng nha. ng dn c th dung
loi ng PVC cng hoc ng sun mm.
3.
La chn splitter lp t ti t
Nh trnh by phn quy hoch phn khu t l 1/2000, cp gc qua 1

b chia 1x2 ti t phi quang cp 1 FDH, do , m bo bng thng i vi
hnh thc FTTH cung cp dch v Triple play, vi tng t l chia 1 cp gc khng
ln hn 1:32, ta chn splitter lp t t FTTH2 c t l chia l 1x16.
18
Hnh 9: Splitter t l chia 1x2
Hnh 10: Splitter t l chia 1x16
Vi 105 cn bit th, ta cn dng 4 b chia lp t ti t FTTH2. Vy ta c

s lng cp u ra t FTTH2 l 4 x 16 = 64FO. Trong ta s dng 48 si,
cn li dng lm d phng.
19
4.
Mng sng cp
Hnh 11: Mng sng quang
S dng loi mng sng 16FO.

Mng sng c thit k bo v bo v cc mi ni cp v r nhnh,
trong bin php thi cng, c th chn trc tip hoc t trong h cp.
5.
Hp phn phi cp n thu bao
S dng t phn phi quang ODF phn phi cp n u cui thu bao.
Loi ODF c s dng l loi treo tng, c 4 cng, trong s dng 2 cng
v 2 cng d phng. Mi t cp cho 2 cn bit th.
Hnh 12: ODF treo tng 4 cng
6.
Chi tit hm cp
Dng khi r tuyn chnh v tuyn cp chnh i qua on cong. Do tnh cht
nt ny khng qu phc tp v t khng c nhiu mi ni nn la chn hm 1
np, np st, kch thc 1,7 x 1,2 x 1,2 m.
20
Bn trong hm c boulon neo gn mc treo cp, c gi . B tng hm

1x2 mc 250, ct thp CII Ra = 2100kG/cm2
B mt bn trong np hm sn bng sn chng g. (3 nc)
Khung v np hm s dng thp hnh cng Ra = 2700kG/cm2.
7.
Rnh chn cp
Kch thc b rng mt trn rnh cp c tnh vi dc mi bn t 7%

n 10% chiu su rnh cp. Trng hp do iu kin ca vng t b st l phi
m thm b rng mt trn rnh cp.
ng ng trong rnh cp c t di mt t, su t mt t n
nh ca lp ng trn cng l:
1,2 m i vi ng trn ng Quc L v nhng on ng bng ngang
Quc L.
0,7 m i vi ng di ng.
0,5 m i vi ng trn l (l ng quy hoch mi).
Trng hp nn ng c ci to, nng cp th ng ng trong rnh
cp c tnh t cao trnh x l nn ng n nh ca lp ng trn cng l
0,7 m.
Mi mt lp ng c bao ph bng ct.
S dng tm m (spacer) gi u khong cch gia cc ng, m bo
ph u ca ct xung quanh ng.
Khi ph lp ng trn cng vi b dy ct 200 mm phi tri tm bng cnh
bo ngn nga mi s ri ro v bo v tt h thng cp in thoi ngm.
Bng cnh bo c lm bng nha Polythylen mu xanh lc vi b rng
15 cm v b dy ti thiu 0,15 mm. Trn bng c in dng ch trong tng
khong 1m nh sau:
Hnh 13: Chi tit bng cnh bo cp ngm
Tt c cc u ng kt cui vch hm phi bng mt phng ng pha

trong vch hm v bng ng ch u hm (belt mouth, nu ng 110) v u
khng loe nu ng 56.
21
22
VI.
K THUT THI CNG

1.
Thi cng h thng cng, hm cp
1.1. rnh
Vic o rnh lp t cp c th c thc hin bng my mc hoc
bng th cng. Khi o rnh nn chia ra tng on o, o n u phi thu
dn gn gng ngay n , trnh lm nh hng n giao thng hoc gy mt
an ton.
a) Cng vic thc hin trc khi o rnh:
Trc khi o rnh, thc hin cc cng tc sau y:
Xc nh li v tr, kch thc ca rnh d nh o
Xc nh v tr v su ca cc cng trnh ngm khc thng qua cc
s liu c hoc tham kho n v qun l cc cng trnh ngm ny.
Dng thit b nh v (my d ng ng) xc nh chnh xc cp
hoc ng cng bng kim loi bn di.
b) o rnh bng my
Vi iu kin t v a hnh khng qu phc tp, nn s dng my o
o rnh. Vic o rnh bng my c thc hin nh sau:
Chun b thit b:
My o rnh.
Cc trang thit b ph tr nh xng, st, bin bo...
o rnh:
Sau khi m bo khng c ng cp in lc ngm bn di hoc
gn, mi c s dng my o. Trng hp c cp in lc bn
di, phi o th cng.
Chia lc lng o rnh thnh tng nhm o cc rnh ni tip nhau
sao cho c th lp t ht 1 c s ng trong ngy, trnh t st
lm hng rnh o cng nh nh hng ln n cc hot ng giao
thng.
Vn hnh my theo ng hng dn ca nh sn xut, o rnh theo
ng thit k.
Trong khi o:
o Thng xuyn kim tra m bo rng rnh o thng, y
rnh bng phng d dng lp t ng. c bit, nhng ch
khng th o thng th phi m bo cong ca ng v
cong ca cp vn nm trong gii hn cho php.
o Thng xuyn theo di v tr cc cc mc, nu thy cc mc b
di chuyn hay b mt th phi tin hnh o c li tht chnh xc
ri mi c o.
23
em t o ln cch xa rnh o, ch khng lm nh hng

n giao thng hoc cng trnh khc.
Sau khi o xong, kim tra m bo rnh t yu cu k thut.
Nu rnh cp ven ng giao thng, khi o xong cha kp lp t
ng v lp t hon tr mt bng th phi c bo hiu dc tuyn
trnh tai nn cho ngi v xe c.
c) o rnh th cng
Vic o rnh bng th cng p dng trong trng hp rnh cp i gn
ng in, cng trnh ngm khc hoc iu kin t phc tp khng th o
bng my. Vic o rnh th cng thc hin nh sau:
Chun b dng c: xng, x beng (ba), st...
o rnh:
Quy trnh o rnh bng th cng tng t nh o rnh bng my,
ch khc l khng s dng my o m s dng xng o.
Tin hnh o rnh, dng xng ly t ra khi rnh.
Khi o rnh gn cc cp in, ch c php s dng dng c c
cn lm bng g hoc bng vt liu cch in.
Sau khi o xong, kim tra m bo rng rnh t cc yu cu
k thut.
1.2. Ki
tr rnh tr khi p t ng
Trc khi lp t ng xung rnh cp, cn phi thc hin kim tra rnh o.
Cc cng vic thc hin kim tra bao gm:
Kim tra kch thc, chiu di ca rnh theo thit k.
Kim tra m bo rng y rnh bng phng, khng c gch
hoc nhng vt sc nhn ri xung c th lm hng ng khi lp t.
Lp bin bn kim tra rnh cp, trong ghi li cc s liu sau y:
Quy cch rnh cp (su x rng ming x rng y).
o Chiu di rnh.
o Cp t o p.
o Cc ni dung khc.
1.3. Lp t ng
Sau khi c rnh tha mn cc yu cu k thut, tin hnh lp t ng
cng theo trnh t sau y:
a) Ri vt liu
Trc khi chuyn vt liu ra cng trng, tin hnh kim tra quy cch,
s lng v cht lng ca ng cng v cc vt liu, thit b ph tr
khc nh ng ni, keo...
Trong khi vn chuyn vt liu, lu :
24
o Khng c lm h hng, mt mt vt liu;

o Cc vt liu nh, d ri phi trong hm kn. Cc vt liu
chung 1 hm phi c cng hnh dng hoc kch thc. Bn
ngoi hm phi ghi r nhn hiu, k hiu, quy cch v s lng
vt liu d dng khi s dng.
o Khi vn chuyn vt liu bng xe, ch chng buc cht, trnh
lm hng, v
Khi n cng trng, tin hnh kim tra li vt liu trc khi tp kt
v bn giao bo qun theo quy nh.
Khi thi cng, tin hnh ri vt liu n tng v tr thi cng m bo

ng chng loi, quy cch, s lng trnh ba bi dn n h
hng vt liu hoc nh hng n hin trng thi cng.
b) Lp t ng cng trong rnh o
Chun b thi cng:
My mc thit b: Xe ch ng, thit b nng (h)...
Vt liu:
o ng nha PVC
o m ng.
o B tng: B tng trn sn theo ch tiu k thut hoc b tng
trn ti hin trng (theo quy nh).
Chun b rnh:
Kim tra m bo rng rnh lp t cp tha mn cc yu cu
trong thit k.
Kim tra ton b rnh m bo khng c gch hoc nhng vt
sc nhn, nu c phi tin hnh dn dp ngay.
Lp t cc ng cng:
Vic lp t ng cng c thc hin nh sau:
Trc khi lp t, kim tra khuyt tt do sn xut hoc h hng ca
cc ng cng v m bo khng c t trong ng.
Thc hin lp t ng:
t cc ming m ngang qua y rnh cc khong cch u nhau
sao cho cc ch ni ghp khng trng vo cc ming m (vic t
cc ming m tun th quy nh trong Quy phm xy dng mng
ngoi vi);
S dng cc cc xuyn thng qua cc l gia ming m su

khong 30 cm v qua cc l khc khong 10 cm. C cch 1 khong
rng bng 2 ng cng th s dng mt cc xuyn su (xem hnh 2.1);
Lp t cc ng cng trn ming m y rnh v ghp ni li vi

nhau. Chi tit cch ni ng xem trong mc 6.2.2. Nu un cong ng
25
hoc s dng ng un cong trnh vt chng ngi hoc cc gc

ng th phi m bo bn knh un cong theo quy nh.
t lp ng cng lin tip ngay ln trn (s dng thit b nng);
Lp cc ming m ln trn;
Bt cht bng kp trn cc chn su c nh ng khng b x dch
khi ct, ln cht xung quanh. Nu lp t ng cng ngang qua
ng ng nc, cng thot nc...cn phi s dng thm cc thanh
v m cc ng cng;
Thc hin lp t dy mi phc v cho vic ko cp (nu cn)
Hnh 14: Lp t ng cng
c) ct, ln cht xung quanh ng cng

Dng mng ct trc tip vo rnh.
Di chuyn xe dc theo tuyn ng cng.
Ln ct xung quanh v trn cc ng cng vi lc u trnh h
hng hoc lch ng.
Ph ct trn cc ng cng lp trn cng vi dy t nht l 5 cm.
Trong t khng n nh c th trn ct vi xi mng (1 phn xi mng
vi 12-20 phn ct).
d) R t cc
Sau khi ct v ln cht xung quanh, thc hin:
Lm lng cc bng cch xoay trc khi rt ra.
Ra sch cc cc v kp ngay sau khi rt ra.
e) Trang b n t bt ng cng
26
Sau khi lp t cc ng cng, trang b cc nt bt bt cc u ng

nhm ngn khng nc, bn, t ct... c th xm nhp vo bn
trong ng.
f)
Kim tra m bo rng ng c lp t ng k thut v khng c

h hng no
1.4. N i ng
a) Ni ng HDPE
- Ni ng s dng ng ni
Vic ni ng s dng ng ni c thc hin nh sau:
Dng km ct phng 2 u ng cn ni.
Lau sch 2 u ng bng gi lau.
Dng ecu hm, vng hm, vng giong, vng chn giong vo u
ng.
Cm 2 ng cn ni vo thn ni, ch ni 2 ng ni cn ging nhau to
thnh 1 vng un, khng cong hnh ch S.
Dng tay vn ecu hm xit cht vi thn ng ni, sau dng cl
vn cht.
Kim tra m bo rng ng c ni ng k thut.
Hnh 15: M t lp ng ni ni ng
Lp clie ni ng
S dng clie dng ni ng sau khi lun cp ti cc im lun cp

trung gian. Thc hin nh sau:
Dng km ct phng 2 u ng, lu o kch thc 2 u ng tip
gip nhau.
Dng km (hoc dao chuyn dng) x dc on ng tha, tch bc
tho b on ng tha (ch trnh lm hng cp).
Rt cp ni 2 u ng.
27
Lau sch 2 u ng.

Qun bng keo vo im tip gip 2 u ng.
p 2 na clie ni ng vo v tr tip gip hai u ng v xit cht cc
bulng.
Kim tra m bo rng cli c lp ng k thut.
Hnh 16: M t phng php ni ng bng clie
b) Ghp ni ng PVC
Cc ng v on un PVC cng c sn xut vi mt u c dng u ni
100 mm. Thc hin ghp ni nh sau:
Qut keo dn vo mt u ng cn ghp ni.
Ch cho keo kh (khong 4-5 pht) ri khp 2 u ng vo vi nhau.
S dng mt tm vn k vo mt u ng v g nh 2 ng rp kht
vo nhau (xem hnh v).
Hnh 17: Ni mng xng ng nha PVC
28
1.5. Lp t
Vic lp t, hon tr mt bng sau khi thi cng cng cp c thc hin
nh sau:
Sau khi hon thnh cng vic ct tin hnh lp t cho rnh
(nu b tng th sau 4 gi k t khi hon thnh b tng mi
ln t).
San u t (khng c thnh ng ln vo rnh).

Nu t o ln l t ri th dng lun lp li rnh cp, trng
hp t o l t cp III, IV th pha trn v di ng cn phi chn
bng t ti hoc ct en (nh trong quy phm TCN68-178:1999).
Lp t, m cht n ming rnh. Khi lp t cc khu vc khng
m bo c su yu cu th khi lp t phi thc hin cc bin
php bo v c bit (theo thit k).
Nhng ch t kh kh m phi dng nc ti trc khi m.
Trc khi thi cng mt bng l loi no th phi hon tr thi cng v
ng loi mt bng ban u.
nhng on qua ng giao thng, khi cha th hon tr nh ban
u c ngay th cng phi m hon tr mt bng sao cho cc
phng tin giao thng c th i li bnh thng. Khi m phi ti
nc cho t ln u v cht. Nu cn thit, phi dng vn g bc
qua rnh o m bo an ton cho ngi v xe c.
1.6. Nhi
thu ng
ng
Vic nghim thu ng cng phi tun th cc quy nh trong Quy phm xy
dng mng ngoi vi ca Tng Cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam.
Cc cng vic khi nghim thu bao gm:
Kim tra hin trng bn ngoi ca h thng cng, b cp.
Kim tra tt c cc ng cng theo thit k v chng loi, s lng, v

tr.
Kim tra kn v thng sut ca tt c cc ng cng.
Ghi li cc s liu nh chiu di ng, s mi ni...
Lp bin bn nghim thu, tp hp li tt c cc thng tin ni trn

lm c s cho cng tc nghim thu.
1.7. Thu dn
t ng, ki
tr ,
u r thit
Sau khi thi cng, mt bng cn c hon tr v hin trng ban u.

Kim tra, v sinh cc loi thit b my mc v a ra khi cng trng.
2.
Kim tra, xc nh cng v lm v sinh chun b lp t cp
Vic kim tra, xc nh cng v cc b c thc hin nh sau:
29
Kim tra tnh trng cng cp, b cp theo bo co kho st, o c

hin c.
Kim tra tnh trng cng, b cp (kh c, m, nh sng...)
V sinh b cp.
Xc nh cng cp cn lp t theo thit k.

Chun b ng cng cho cng vic lp t cp cn phi thc hin cc
cng vic sau:
o Lm sch ng cng: Lun dy ko ko li th v chi qua
ng cng.
o Th ng cng bng li th kim tra ng cng xem ng c b
bp, c vt cn bn trong. Nu pht hin hoc ghi ng bn
trong c t, ct... cn phi lm sch ng bng chi lng cng
ko qua ng.
o
t cc vt dn hng bo v cp trong khi ko.
o Lp t dy ko cp ko cp vo cng.
2.1. Ri vt i u
Trc khi chuyn vt liu ra cng trng, tin hnh kim tra quy cch,
s lng v cht lng ca ng cng v cc vt liu, thit b ph tr
khc nh ng ni, keo...
Trong khi vn chuyn vt liu, lu :
o Khng c lm h hng, mt mt vt liu;
o Cc vt liu nh, d ri phi trong hm kn. Cc vt liu
chung 1 hm phi c cng hnh dng hoc kch thc. Bn
ngoi hm phi ghi r nhn hiu, k hiu, quy cch v s lng
vt liu d dng khi s dng.
o Khi vn chuyn vt liu bng xe, ch chng buc cht, trnh
lm hng, v.
Khi n cng trng, tin hnh kim tra li vt liu trc khi tp kt v
bn giao bo qun theo quy nh.
Khi thi cng, tin hnh ri vt liu n tng v tr thi cng m bo
ng chng loi, quy cch, s lng trnh ba bi dn n h
hng vt liu hoc nh hng n hin trng thi cng.
2.2. Lp t ng ph
a) Chun b
Vt liu: ng HDPE hoc ng PVC.
Thit b thi cng: ti ko, dy ko...
b) Lp t ng ph s dng ti ko (hoc nhn cng)

Vic lp t ng ph s dng ti ko c thc hin nh sau:
30
Ni dy ko ( c lun qua cng cp chnh) vi u ko ca mi

ng ph.
Ko ng ph vo vi tc ko khong 25-30 m/pht.
Nu lp t nhiu ng ph cng mt lc, ko cc u ng cng v a
vo ng PVC to c chiu di khong 3 m, sau a qua cc ng tip
dn. Mc ch ca ng PVC l b v sp thng hng cc cng ph
trc khi a vo cc ng tip dn. Cc ng tip dn c b tr ti
ming cng cp chnh nhm gim nh chuyn ng quay trong khi
ko.
S dng bt u ng khng cho nc, t ct... xm nhp vo bn
trong ng.
c) Lp t ng ph bng b truyn ng c kh
S dng b truyn ng c kh y cng ph vo cng cp chnh theo
ng hng dn (b truyn ng c kh c th y c qung
ng di 600 m i vi tuyn thng v khong 300 m i vi tuyn
cng cp khc khuu).
S dng bt u ng khng cho nc, t ct... xm nhp vo bn

trong ng.
d) Kim tra ng ph sau khi lp t

Kim tra m bo rng ng c lp t theo ng thit k.
ng khng b bp, v hay h hng; u nt ng c gn chc
chn.
e) Ch tiu:
ng b nn n 60 % ng knh ngoi trung bnh m ng khng khng b
v, ng tr li 90% ng knh ban u sau 10 gi.
3.
3.1. Ki
Lp t cp quang
tr ,
th p
Vic kim tra, o th cp trc khi lp t c thc hin nh sau:

Kim tra bng mt thng m bo rng cp khng b rn nt hay
xon gy, cc u mt cp c bo v tt.
Dng my OTDR v my o cng sut quang o cc thng s sau:
suy hao ca si quang, kim tra di ca cp. Nu c thng s no
khng t tiu chun th tuyt i khng c s dng v bo cho
gim st k thut lp bin bn.
nh s, k hiu tng cun cp sau khi o thun li cho vic phn
ri cp khi thi cng, la chn ng im mng xng theo thit k.
Ghi li cc s liu vo bin bn v lu gi so snh vi s liu o
kim tra khi nghim thu cng trnh.
31
3.2. Lp t p qu ng ng k thut n, thi p

a) Chun b thit b
Gi cp, my nn kh.
Thit b bn cp.
Lng ra cp.
Thit b ti cp.
Dung dch bi trn ng.
Cc ph kin ng nha: clie ni ng, u bt ng.
Cc dng c ct, x ng nh km, dao ct chuyn dng.
Gi lau.
My b m lin lc, ch huy.
Thit b hn ni cp quang, thit b o th kim tra cp quang.
b) Chun b v tr bn cp trung gian
B tr cc v tr bn cp trung gian nu tuyn cp c chiu di ln so
vi kh nng bn ca thit b (thng Lmax = 1000 1500 m). V tr
bn cp trung gian la chn thun li cho vic trin khai cc thit
b, dng c bn cp.
Tin hnh o cc h bn cp trung gian. H bn cp trung gian (hnh
18) l h o tm thi s dng khi bn cp, kch thc khi s dng
1 my bn cp thng l 2m x 0,7mx(chiu su rnh cp+0,1m). Sau
khi thi cng xong, h bn cp trung gian c lp tr li nh ban u.
c) Bn cp
B tr, lp t thit b bn cp (hnh 19).
Lp cun cp ln gi , tri bt bo qun cp.
Tho np bt v lp t cp vo h thng.
Vn hnh my bn cp theo ng quy trnh thit b (k c cc v tr
bn trung gian).
Hnh 18: B tr my bn cp ti cc h trung gian
Ct, ni ng bng cli ni ng ti cc im bn cp trung gian.

32
d cp ti h ni v cp nhp trm cho mi u cp. Cun gn cp

d c vi bn knh cong ln hn bn knh cong cho php.
Dng u bt ng bt cc u ng lun cp ti cc h d tr, h ni,
u cp nhp trm.
Hnh 19: S m t h thng bn cp
3.3. Lp t p qu ng ng k thut th tri p

a) Chun b thit b:
Bm nc.
Thng cha nc.

Thit b y cp.
Thit b ghp ni.
Thit b iu khin tc y cp...
b) Quy trnh th tri cp:
B tr v lp t h thng (hnh 20).
iu chnh b phn y cp cho ph hp vi cp quang.
Tho np bt cp v t cp vo b phn y ca thit b y cp.
a cp vo trong ng.
Hiu chnh li b phn y ca thit b y cp.
Ghp ng vo thit b bng cch s dng 1 u ni thch hp, m
bo trong qu trnh y nc khng b r ra.
Khi ng my, vn hnh theo hng dn, dng nc to ra bi my
nn s y cp vo trong ng.
d cp ti h ni v nhp trm cho mi u cp. Cun gn cp d
c vi bn knh cong ln hn bn knh cong cho php.
Dng u bt ng bt cc u ng lun cp ti cc h d tr, h ni,
u cp nhp trm.
33
Hnh 20: S h thng th tri cp
3.4. Lp t p qu ng ng h k
Vic lp t cp quang bng cch ko c thc hin nh sau:
Tnh ton lc cng v chiu di lp t ca cp quang (xem ph lc
B).
Cc dng c, thit b dng ko cp: dy ko cp (thc hin lp t
dy ko cp bng my lun dy ko nh trong mc 6.4), ti ko cp,
dng c o lc cng khi ko cp...
Thc hin ko cp nh sau:
a) Chun b ko cp
ko cp, thng thng ta s dng ti thu lc v n c th kim sot
chnh xc vic ko cp. ng thi, vic s dng ti thu lc c kh nng loi b
nhy cp trn ti v c th ko tng on nh. Thc hin ko cp s dng ti
nh sau:
Gn cc dng c gim st tc v lc cng m bo khng vt qu tc v
lc cng cho php. Nu ko cp b dng khi t ti gii hn lc cng,
nn qun cp tr li, a b bin cp ti v tr gia tuyn, v thc hin
ko cp theo hai hng t v tr mi ny.
Kim tra k lng tuyn v lp k hoch ko cp sao cho ph hp.
Hn ch ko cp qua cc on un bng cch xc nh v tr t b
bin cp v hng ko cp.
Bi trn cp gim nh lc cng (nu cn thit).
Chn dy ko cp, c th dng dy ko cp bng thp bc v
polyetylen.
Nu c th, chn cch ko theo ng dc gim nh lc cng.
Dng vt dn hng cp bng con ln gim nh lc cng.
Gi bn knh un cong cp quang khng vt qu mc cho php.
b) Ko cp
34
B tr b bin cp gn b cp v s dng ng tip dn cp ti b cp

ging nh trong phng php ko cp lp t cp ng.
Ni dy ko c lun qua ng cng vi cp quang bng mt ko
hoc r cp.
Ko cp quang vi tc ko cho php v lc cng khi ko cp phi
m bo khng vt qu lc cng ln nht cho php.
3.5. Ki
tr s u khi p t p v tr ng ng
Sau khi lp t cp vo ng, tin hnh kim tra cp bao gm cc cng vic
sau:
Kim tra m bo rng cp c lp t ng k thut.
u nt cp c gn chc chn.
Kim tra chiu di cp lp t, chiu di cp d tr (d tr hn ni
v lp t ti cc b cp).
Kim tra cc s liu v tnh trng cp (nu cn phi thc hin o th).
Lp bin bn o, kim tra ghi li tt c cc s liu ni trn.
3.6. Hn n i p, gn th v nh s
Vic hn ni si quang thc hin theo cc trnh t nh sau:

a) Chun b trang thit b hn ni si quang:
Thc k.
Dung dch cn, dung dch ra cht keo trn cp quang.
Khn lau bng vi bng, giy xp, mm v dai.
Dao ct si, dao thng.
Dng c tut v si.
Dng c ct phn m v ng lng.
Dng c tut lp v phn x.
Dng c ct cp hoc ct si quang chnh xc theo chiu di.
Ko ct v nhp kp si.
Thng cha cc si ct b.
Gng tay bo v da tay.
Ph kin bo v mi hn.
My hn si quang.
Khay gi mi hn v bng ni hoc mng xng.
My o OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) hoc my o
cng sut quang v ngun pht quang n nh.
b) Chun b cc iu kin hn ni:
35
Vic hn ni ngoi tri phi bo m ni kh ro, t bi bm.

Khng t my hn h quang ni gn cc cht d chy, n.
c) Chun b hn ni
Xc nh chnh xc cc cp si cn hn. Sp xp si vo khay. Khay
phi c cc b gi si.
Bc v cp vi chiu di ti thiu l 2 m ( di ph thuc vo loi
mng xng) bng cch ct lp v ri dng dy tch v ko, tch
lp v cp. Nu khng c dy tch v cp th s dng dao tch
v nhng phi bo m khng nh hng n phn m hoc ng
bc lng. Sau lm sch cc ng bc lng v phn m bng dng
c lau chuyn dng, ct b cc phn ph, ch li ng bc lng v
si gia cng. Si gia cng c ct ngn ph hp vi di cn
thit khi ni vo mng xng.
Tu theo di khay hn, bng dng c chuyn dng ta ct v v tut
ng bc lng ti thiu l 1m. i vi cp bc cht, khng nh
hng n si, phi bo m cc si t do.
Lau sch tt c cc si bng dng c chuyn dng. Khi lau phi s
dng gng tay bo v phng chng nh hng ca dung mi n
da tay.
Dng b tut v tut v si khong 5 cm. di v si tut ph
thuc vo yu cu ca b ct si v phng php ni. Khi tut v si
nn dng vi rp (c bt mi). Lun lun gi b tut si vung gc vi
si trong khi tut.
Khi lau si trn bng vi lau chuyn dng phi tm cn v lau theo
mt hng. S dng gng tay bo v trnh tip xc trc tip vi
cc dung mi. Sau khi lau sch khng s vo si trn tut v sp
xp si phi bo m khng tip xc vo b mt si.
Dng dng c ct si, di si phi bo m yu cu ca k
thut hn.
Tt c cc si cn hn phi c ct bng b ct si. Dng cp, nhp
loi b phn tha ca si. Si tha loi b phi vo v tr quy
nh. Khi ct si phi eo knh bo v.
d) Hn si quang theo mt trong hai phng php sau:
Hn h quang: a cc si quang cn hn vo my hn v thc hin
cc thao tc theo quy nh. Suy hao ca mi hn s c ch th trn
my. Suy hao mi hn khng c ln hn 0,08 dB/1 mi hn. Nu
mi hn t tiu chun th phi bo v mi hn bng ng co nhit
hoc bng kp nhm hoc bng cc dng bo v chuyn dng khc.
Tin hnh o kim tra bng my OTDR (hoc my o cng sut
quang) theo c hai chiu. Nu mi hn khng t yu cu th thc
hin cc th tc hn li cho n khi t yu cu mi tip tc bo v
mi hn.
36
Hn c kh: Cc si quang cn hn c a vo b ni c kh.

si khng b xon ta t si vo trong khay hn v sau cun si
trong khay to ra s bn chc trc khi ni.
Sau khi hn ni si quang xong phi cn thn a mi hn vo trong
khay hn. Bn knh cong ca si quang phi bo m ln hn 20 ln
ng knh cp.
Sau khi tt c cc si quang c hn ta cn gi cho cho cc si
chc chn bng cc ng hoc cc bc m t trn khay (xem hnh
21). Cc si ring l c cun quanh khay hn (xem hnh 22). ng
bao si v m si phi c xp vng quanh gi . Cp v dy gia
cng c gi cht nh cc kp v vt.
Sau khi o, kim tra cc mi hn tho mn yu cu k thut ta
ng mng xng li.
Hnh 21: ng bao si v m si
Hnh 22: Cun thm cc si ring l quanh khay hn
37
3.7. Lp t t, h p v kt u i p
a) Lp t hp cp thu bao
-
Chun b vt liu
Hp cp.
Dy thp, c vt...
-
Thc hin lp t hp cp
Vic lp t hp cp c thc hin nh sau:

Chn v tr lp t cc hp cp thch hp thun tin ko cp n
cc thu bao.
t ng ghen lun dn cp thng dc thn ct (hoc tng nh) v
buc chc chn (hoc bt vt) vo ct (tng nh).
Kim tra hp cp xem c m bo cht lng hay khng.
Lp t hp cp, buc (bt vt) vo ct (tng).
Ni t dy t ca hp cp, s dng dy ng c tit din khng nh
hn 25 mm2 trong ng hoc mng p bng nha. ng hoc mng p
ny phi c t dc thn ct (tng) v c buc chc chn vo
ct (bt vt vo tng) bng dy thp.
b) Lp t t cp (loi lp trn b)
-
Chun b
T cp.
Gch, va, xi mng, b g lp...
-
Thc hin lp t t cp
La chn v tr xy dng b lp t t cp. Lu trnh cc v tr giao

nhau ca ng giao thng, cnh cc ct in lc v c nguy c ngp
t cp trong ma l.
Xy dng b lp t t cp bng gch hoc b tng theo ng thit
k.
Sau khi kt cu ca b m bo vng chc th thc hin lp t
cp ln trn theo ng thit k.
Lp ng dn cp ln t, thng thng dng loi ng PVC cng hoc
ng cao su mm. ng knh ng c la chn ph hp vi kch
thc cp i bn trong ng.
Thc hin ni t t cp. Dy ni t t cp phi l dy ng bc tit
din dy khng nh hn 25 mm2 v c t trong ng nha. Tr s
in tr tip t cho hp cp phi tun theo quy nh trong TCN
141:1999 "Tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng - Yu cu k thut".
c) Kt cui cp quang
-
Chun b vt liu, dng c

38
Km, dao chuyn dng

T vt...
-
Thc hin kt cui cp quang ti gi ODF
Vic lp t cp quang ti gi ODF thc hin nh sau:
Lm v sinh cp.
Bc tut v cp quang ri qun bng dnh vo im lp kp cp. Khi
cun phi lp thm mt ng m trnh kp trc tip vo v cp.
Lp kp cp, phi bo m khi a cp vo khng b gp qu bn
knh un cong cho php, xit cht kp vo cp, vt cht dy gia cng
vo thanh nh v hoc/v tip t dy gia cng. nh v ng lng vo
khe quy nh, y np ngn ng si khng kp vo ng si.
Phn nhm si quang t trong ng nha theo tng nhm. Lp khay
cha si quang vo gi. nh v dy ni quang vo khay cha si
quang, nh du cc dy ni.
Phn nhm dy ni quang.
a si quang hn t cht lng vo khay ng si quang, tuyt
i khng si quang cong qu bn knh un cong cho php.
t ng co nhit mi hn ng v tr theo th t trong g ng bo v.
Lp b ni quang trn bng tip hp. nh du tn cho tng v tr b
ni quang.
nh v cp trn u gi ODF.
Hnh 23: Chun b u cp
39
Hnh 24: Lp t kp cp
3.8. Ki
tr , nghi
thu tuyn p
Vic nghim thu cn m bo tun theo cc quy nh trong Quy phm xy

dng mng ngoi vi ca Tng cng ty Bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam.
a) Kim tra, o nghim thu ton tuyn cp
Vic kim tra, o th ton tuyn cp sau khi thi cng c thc hin nh
sau:
Kim tra cc bin bn v s liu nghim thu tng phn.
Thc hin cc php o theo ng quy nh trong Quy trnh o th

cht lng mng cp si quang v mng cp si ng ca Tng
cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam.
Vic kim tra hp u dy v cc trang b ph tr khc thc hin nh
sau:
Kim tra m bo rng cc trang b c lp t ng v tr,
ng k thut, c trang b tip t, bo v y .
Kim tra m bo rng cc mi ni c thc hin ng k
thut, m bo cht lng.
Cc kt qu o th, kim tra phi c ghi vo bin bn (theo mu trong
Ph lc 2) lm c s khi nghim thu cng trnh.
b) Lp s hon cng, chun b cng tc nghim thu tng th cng trnh v
bn giao
Lp h s hon cng cng trnh gi ln hi ng nghim thu v bn giao
cng trnh phi bao gm cc s liu sau y:
Cc bin bn v s liu nghim thu ton tuyn.
Nht k cng trnh.
Cc bn v hon cng.
Cc s liu tng hp ton tuyn nh:
o Chiu di tuyn (chiu di cp c ghi c th cp cp i trong
cng b, cp d tr ti h d tr, cp hn ni...).
40
o Khi lng ng HDPE (PVC) s dng.

o S lng h ni, h d tr cp, h bn cp.
o Khi lng t o lp.
o S lng mi hn, hp u dy...
3.9. B v
c) Bo v an ton in
Vic thc hin bo v c thc hin nh sau:
i vi cp quang phi kim loi, khng yu cu m bo tnh lin tc
trn ton b chiu di. Tuy nhin, ti cc v tr d b nh hng ca
st, cn duy tr chn khong cch thch hp vi cc vt kim loi
ngm di t ngn nga h hng do h quang ca st tc ng
ti vt kim loi ngm di t.
i vi cp quang c cc thnh phn kim loi:
o Hn ni duy tr tnh lin tc ca tt c cc thnh phn kim
loi. Cc thnh phn kim loi s c lin kt vi cc thnh
phn kim loi ca v b lp, mng xng...
o Cc thnh phn kim loi s c tip t ti cc v tr b lp.
o S dng cc dy che chn bo v cho cp quang. Dy che
chn bo v c th c thc hin bng t mt dy che chn
bo v n trn hoc bng cch t hai dy che chn bo v
trn c hai bn cp quang.
o Lp t cc b bo v cho i dy kim loi bn trong cp.
d) Ngn chn cn trng v ng vt gm nhm
Cp chn trc tip mt s khu vc c th b mi xng hoc b ng vt
gm nhm, ngn chn phi to lp che chn bao bc bn ngoi cp. Vic
thc hin ngn chn c thc hin nh sau:
S dng lp v bc cng cho cp hoc x l ci to t bng cch s
dng ho cht chng kin, mi... khu vc 2 bn tuyn cp. Thc t
cho thy, vic s dng ho cht rt tn km v nh hng mi trng
nn t c s dng. Cng c th la chn loi vt liu lm lp v bc
ngoi bo v cp hp l gim kh nng mi xm nhp v ng vt
gm nhm.
Nu cp c lp t trong ng (nh PVC cng) s t b nh hng
ca mi xng cp v ng vt gm nhm.
3.10.
H n tr
t ng thi ng, thu dn, ki
tr
thit
Hon tr mt bng thi cng, thu dn v tr li hin trng ban u ca

khu vc va thi cng.
Kim tra, v sinh cc loi my mc v a ra khi cng trng.
41
42
VII. AN TON TRONG KHI THI CNG CP NGM

Trong khi thi cng cp ngm, phi m bo tun th cc quy nh an ton
ca Nh nc, ca Tng Cng ty quy nh. C th l Quy trnh an ton v sinh
lao ng trong xy dng, qun l, khai thc v bo dng mng ngoi vi. Sau
y l mt s ni dung c bn:
1.
Nguyn tc t chc thi cng an ton
bo m an ton giao thng, an ton cho thit b v ngi s

dng, vt t, thit b, dng c thi cng phi c tp kt ng ni quy
nh trn cng trng trc khi thi cng.
Thi cng ni c cc cng trnh ngm (in, nc, cng thot nc...),
ngi lao ng phi trnh va chm vi cng trnh ngm, lm h hng
cng trnh ngm; trng hp pht hin cng trnh ngm khng c
trong h s thit k, phi tm dng cng vic v bo ngay cho ngi
c trch nhim x l.
Khi thi cng trn ng giao thng, ngi ph trch phi b tr ro
ngn, n chiu sng, c ngi hng dn xe lu thng trn on
ng thi cng theo quy nh ca nh nc; trin khai o tng on
ngn, ngay trong ngy o n u phi lp t cng b n ;
chuyn ton b t d tha v a im tp trung, khng t
vng vi trn ng.
m bo an ton cho ngi thi cng, qun l, khai thc bo dng
sau ny, khong cch t ng cng cp ti cc cng trnh khc phi
m bo c khong cch quy nh trong Quy phm xy dng mng
ngoi vi
Thi cng lp t cng cp qua ng st, qua ng b, phi s
dng thit b khoan ngm lp t cng cp. Ngi s dng thit b
khoan ngm phi nm vng v thc hin quy trnh thao tc my khoan
v nhng quy nh an ton in.
2.
Quy nh an ton khi thi cng cp ngm
a) Quy nh v mt bng thi cng

Xung quanh khu vc cng trng phi t ro chn, bin bo ngn
chn ngi khng c nhim v ra vo cng trng.
Trong khu vc thi cng phi bo m mt bng lm vic kh ro sch
s, nc khng chy vo h, hm cp; vt liu ph thi v cc vt
chng ngi phi c dn sch.
Cc ming hm, h trn mt bng lm vic phi c y kn bng
vt liu chc chn hoc ro chn; ng rnh, hm, h cp ang thi
cng nm gn ng giao thng phi c ro chn cao trn 1 m bao
quanh, ban m c n bo hiu; nhng vng nguy him c th c
vt ri t trn cao xung nht thit phi c ro chn, bin bo, trng
hp c bit nguy him phi c ngi cnh gii lin tc.
43
b) Vn chuyn dng c, nguyn vt liu

Cc phng tin vn chuyn vt t, thit b phi m bo yu cu k
thut theo quy nh; cc thit b c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton
nh cn cu, xe nng phi c phiu kim nh.
Ngi iu khin cc phng tin vn chuyn phi c giy php, phi
tun theo lut an ton giao thng v quy trnh s dng vi tng
phng tin.
Khi bc xp vt t thit b ln xung phng tin vn chuyn, ngi
iu khin phng tin vn chuyn phi lu cc bin php an ton.
Cc loi xe th s do ngi ko ch vt liu nng, cng knh phi c
dy buc chc chn. Khi i vo cc ng r hoc xung dc, xe phi
i chm, trng hp xe ch nng ln dc, khi phi c g chn
bnh xe.
c) o hm, h cp
Vic o hm, h cp c th thc hin bng cc dng c chuyn
dng: my o t, cn cu xc, xe c gii, hoc cc dng c thng
thng cuc, mai, xng, nhng cc dng c phi c kim tra m
bo an ton trc khi s dng.
Ngi o hm, h cp phi i giy bo h lao ng, i m cng,
nu o ch c hoc ng nha phi eo knh bo h lao ng.
Khi o hm h cp, ngi o khng c o theo kiu hm ch,
tu theo loi t m quyt nh o vt nhiu hay t: t st hay t
pha ct th dc nn l 200; t xp hay t ln ct, si th dc
300; t cng th c th o thnh ng.
t o di h a ln phi c cch ming h t nht l 0,3 0,5 m, u ra 4 pha cng lp xung v khng tr ngi n vic
i li. Khi o su, nu ngi o ng di ht t ln, th khng
c ht lung tung qu xa ming h gy tai nn cho ngi bn trn.
Hm h o su hn 1 m phi c bin php phng st l. Nu gp
mch nc ngm, ngi o phi ng cc v dng vn hoc tre np
thnh h, sau mi o tip, nu nc mch nhiu th phi dng
gu tt hoc dng my bm nc ra ngoi.
Hm h cp nh o su hn 2 m, ngi o phi nh bc thang
t, mt bc thang phi c ri ct, x, gch vn chng trn trt.
Khi , t o phi c chuyn ln bng quang thng chc chn.
Dng c o t phi c xa mp h. Xe c gii, xe my phi
xa mp h t nht 1,5 m phng chn ng lm st l t. Trong
khi o t,
nu pht hin cng trnh ngm khng c trong h s thit k, ngi
lao ng phi ngng cng vic v bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim
x l.
Vic o hm, h cp trong khu vc dn sinh hay gn ng giao
thng, phi tun theo cc quy nh ca chnh quyn a phng, trong
44
lc o cng nh vn chuyn t o, ngi lao ng phi hn ch

t ri vi khng nh hng n dn sinh v cc i tng tham
gia giao thng.
Hm, h cp o trn ng giao thng phi c ro chn an ton giao
thng treo bin "Ch ! Cng trng ang thi cng !", ban m phi
c n bo hiu theo quy nh.
d) t ct thp hm, h cp
Khi t ct thp hm, h cp ngi lao ng phi i gng tay, i giy,
eo knh bo h v lm theo hng dn ca cn b k thut xy dng
trong vic lm sch ct thp, ct, un, hn, ni v buc ct thp.
t ct thp bn cnh hay bn di ng dy in lc, ngi lao
ng phi i gng tay, giy bo h cao su cch in; ct thp phi
c ct thnh nhng on ngn khng va chm vi ng dy
in.
Khi di chuyn ct thp, ngi di chuyn phi cm chc v tr gia
ca ct thp, nu ct thp di qu phi c t nht hai ngi cng di
chuyn.
m bo an ton, ct thp khng b bin dng khi c, m b
tng, sau khi ct thp t xong phi c nghim thu. Nghim thu ct
thp l kim tra kch thc ct thp theo thit k, kim tra cch t ct
thp, kim tra vng chc v n nh ca khung ct thp.
e) b tng hm, h cp
Vic b tng c tin hnh sau khi nghim thu ct thp v vn khun,
ngi lao ng phi thc hin cc ni dung sau:
Nhng thit b, dng c cn thit nh: my trn b tng, xe chuyn
ch b tng, xng, co, bnh ti nc hoa sen, tn hoc vn lm
bn trn phi c kim tra bo m an ton trc khi s dng; g
lm vn trn phi c nh ht inh, nu l tn phi p thng mp,
khng cong hoc vnh mp.
Ngi trn b tng phi i ng cao su, eo gng tay vi bt v khu
trang; dng bnh hoa sen ti nc t t, u khp vo hn hp ct,
si, xi mng; khng dng thng gnh nc o xung lm bn tung
to ra chung quanh; khi s dng my trn b tng, my bm phi ch
an ton in . cm in v dy dn in phi c treo trn cao,
khng tip xc vi nc.
Vic b tng phi theo quy nh, b phn no trc, b phn
no sau theo hng dn ca cn b k thut; khng b tng trc
tip t trn cao xung cch mt b tng qu 1,5 m, m phi dng ng
ni hay mng rt; khng dng tay trn bc hoc dng chn gt
b tng trn xung h.
Khi b tng t c 50% cng yu cu th c th d vn khun.
Vn khun g tho ra phi c nh ht inh v xp vo mt ni
trnh gy tai nn cho ngi thi cng.
45
Trng hp mng c c sn, phi dng cn cu hoc pa-lng

th mng t t xung h. phng trnh khi cu b t, tut dy,
ngi ph trch thi cng phi phn cng ngi c kinh nghim dng
dy cp thp chu c trng lng ca mng buc dy.
Khi th mng xung h, tuyt i mi ngi khng c tay vo
cnh mng. Lc mng gn xung y h, mun iu chnh ng tm
mng, ngi thi cng khng c dng tay hoc chn m phi dng
x beng hoc n tre by.
f) Vn chuyn cun cp n v tr tp kt
Nu a cun cp ln, xung t bng sc ngi, ngi lao ng
phi dng cu to mt phng nghing. Cu c lm bng nhng tm
vn dy hoc g vung, b mt cu phi (30 x 300) mm, nghing
khng qu 10o 15o. Khi a cun cp xung xe, khng ai c
ng trn ng ln cun cp; cun cp phi c dy cho tt lun
qua li c th hm cun cp khi cn.
Khi dng cn cu a cun cp ln xung t, ngi lao ng phi
dng ng st trn cng xuyn qua trc ru-l, dng dy cp thp
lun qua ng thp cu. Khng ai c ng v i li pha di cn
cu. Khi nng h cun cp ln xung xe, mi ngi phi thc hin
ng cc quy nh an ton vn hnh cn cu, xe nng.
Trc khi ln cun cp, ngi lao ng phi sa li nhng ch g
gh, li lm trn ru-l; inh nh ra trn mt cun cp phi nh ht
trnh cc tai nn khi ln cun cp. Ngi ln cun cp phi s dng
giy, gng tay bo h lao ng v phi lun ch khng ngi qua
li trn ng ln cp.
g) Ra cp
Trc khi ra cp, ngi lao ng phi dng m (b bin) t cun cp
cao hn mt t t 5 cm 10 cm, nn t phi phng, nu t b ln
phi k vn vo chn m phng trng hp ang quay b m.
Ngi quay m phi quay t t, thy vng phi dng li kim tra
ngay.
Ngi ch huy trc tip vic ra cp phi ph bin tn hiu bng c
hoc ci v c bin php phng con ln cht tay nhng ngi tham
gia; khi ra lnh ko hoc ngng phi r rng, dt khot; phi lun bao
qut mi v tr, nht l khi ra cp qua cng ngm, qua ng ci.
Khi ra cp, ngi ch huy phi b tr nhn lc cho u, sao cho mi
ngi khng chu qu 25 kg i vi nam gii v khng qu 15 kg i
vi n gii.
Ra cp trong nh c cht n, cht d chy hay trong hm, ngi lao
ng phi s dng n di ng c in p an ton; ng hm phi
c ca thng hai u. Trc khi lm vic, ngi ch huy phi th
nng kh c xem c vt qu tiu chun hay khng.
46
vic ni cp an ton thun li trnh xy ra tai nn, ngi ch huy

phi tnh ton chiu di cun cp, khng mi ni qua ng st,
ng quc l, ng dy in, qua sng ngi.
Ra cp qua ng giao thng, ngi ph trch thi cng phi xin php
n v qun l ng giao thng t ro chn, bin bo v tm dng
giao thng. Trng hp khng c php dng giao thng phi dng
ng dn cho cp vt qua. Chiu cao ng dn phi cao hn
chiu cao ln nht ca tu ho, t t nht l 1 m.
h) Lp t cp trong cng b
Khi lp t cp trong cng b, ngi lao ng phi thc hin thm
nhng iu sau:
Ngi ko cp phi c gng tay, m vai, khi ko cp phi ko cng
vai, phng lc ko dy cp gt ngi ng xung rnh cp.
Khi ko cp bng xe c gii, cc thnh phn gia cng ca cp chu
sc cng rt ln, c th bt ra gy tn thng cho ngi thi cng. Do
, phi dng h thng rng rc v cht bi trn gim lc cng ca
cp. Tuy nhin, ngi lao ng khng c ng gn dy cp ang
ko v phi ch ci khuy o, tay o trnh b cun vo cc b
phn chuyn ng ca my.
phng in git do d in, khi thi cng gn ng dy in
lc, ngi lao ng tuyt i khng chm vo ct in, ct chng, dy
ni t hoc bt c ph kin no ca ng dy in lc. i vi
ng dy cao p, ngi ph trch thi cng phi lin h vi n v
qun l ng dy in lc h tr, nu cn th xin ct in tm thi
trong thi gian thi cng.
Ho cht dng ty ra cc cht nhn trong cp c th gy d ng da
v mt. Hi bc ln t nhng cht ny c th d bt la v c hi,
cho nn ngi thi cng phi eo khu trang, eo knh v trnh khng
ho cht dnh vo ngi, lun gi cho khu vc lm vic thng
thong, khng ht thuc l v cm la ti khu vc ny.
Nu tri ma ging, ngi ph trch thi cng phi cho tm ngng
cng vic, thu dn phn vic ang lm, che chn cn thn v khng
mi ngi ng di cc cy cao, ct in, trm in trnh st
nh.
i) Lp t cp quang
Khi lp t cp quang, ngi lao ng phi thc hin thm mt s
im sau:
Phi tt cc ngun pht trc khi lm vic vi cc si quang, khng
c nhn vo u si quang v tia laze trong si quang khng nhn
thy c th gy tn thng nghim trng i vi mt ngi.
Khi tch cp, ct cp quang cn phi thn trng, dng knh, gng tay
bo h trnh cc mnh vn rt sc ca si quang to ra t qu
trnh ct cp c th bn vo mt hoc xuyn thu vo da, phi thu dn
ngay cc mnh vn si quang v cho vo mt hp cha c np y.
47
i vi nhng ho cht dng ty ra cc cht nhn trong cp quang

cng phi c cc bin php phng nh trong trng hp vi cp
kim loi.
Khi thc hin cc thao tc vi cp quang cn ht sc thn trng,
khng xon, tht nt, dm p, qung qut, xe c gii chy qua v
cc si thu tinh trong cp quang c th b gy, gy nguy him cho
ngi thi cng.
Ko cp quang trong ng ch yu ko bng tay, trng hp ko cp
bng tay qu kh mi dng xe ko cp tc chm. V vy phi
thng xuyn cho cht bi trn vo ng tip cp v cc v tr chuyn
ng c ma st, cc v tr ng un cong gim sc ko, m bo an
ton cho ngi ko cp.
Khi thc hin lp t cp quang trong ng nha HDPE bng thit b
bn cp chuyn dng, bo m an ton lao ng khi thi cng, thit
b bn cp phi c k t n nh, ngi iu khin thit b phi
c o to v s dng thit b thnh tho. Khi ngi ph trch thi
cng ra lnh bn cp, tt c mi ngi phi ng trnh xa cun cp,
dy cp.
j) Ni cp
Khi ni cp kim loi trn ng ph hoc di cng b nm di
ng giao thng, ngi lao ng phi s dng ro chn hoc bin
bo.
Ni cp kim loi ti ct, ngi lao ng phi eo dy an ton, phi to
c ch ng chc chn c th dng c hai tay cho vic cng, c
nh dy treo, sau ni dy dn bng mng xng cp.
Vic ni cp kim loi trn sng phi c ngi ph vic, phi c thuyn
neo u ng v tr vng chc cho ngi lao ng lm vic, phi c
bin php phng tu thuyn qua li trn sng gy ra sng ln lm
lt thuyn.
Khi lau u cp, m u cp, m v cp chun b ni cp, ngi
lao ng phi phng t tay, u kim loi m vo tay.
Vic ni cp quang c thc hin trn xe chuyn dng, xe phi
cch xa b cp t 5 m 10 m. trnh cc u si quang c th gy
tn thng tay, chn, mt ngi, ngi ni cp phi thao tc cn
thn, sau khi tch cp, ct cp phi thu dn ngay cc mnh vn si
quang cho vo hp cha c np y.
48

Thuyet Minh

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N THIT K MNG THNG TIN LIN LC

V tr gii hn khu t ...................................................................................................... 4

Hin trng s dng t ................................................................................................... 4

Hin trng mng li thng tin...................................................................................... 7

TNH TON S B NHU CU THNG TIN ................................................................. 7

QUY HOCH PHN KHU T L 1/2000 ........................................................................ 8

La chn kin trc mng truy nhp .............................................................................. 8

La chn cu hnh mng truy nhp............................................................................ 12

La chn v tr tng i ................................................................................................. 15

Tng hp phng n thit k mng cp chnh ........................................................ 16

Phng n vch tuyn ................................................................................................. 17

La chn splitter lp t ti t ..................................................................................... 18

Mng sng cp .............................................................................................................. 20

Hp phn phi cp n thu bao ................................................................................ 20

Chi tit hm cp ............................................................................................................. 20

Rnh chn cp ............................................................................................................... 21

K THUT THI CNG ..................................................................................................... 23

Kim tra rnh o trc khi lp t ng ............................................................. 24

Nhim thu ng cng ............................................................................................... 29

Thu dn mt bng, kim tra, lau ra thit b ...................................................... 29

Kim tra, xc nh cng v lm v sinh chun b lp t cp ................................ 29

N THIT K MNG THNG TIN LIN LC

Kim tra, o th cp .............................................................................................. 31

Lp t cp quang bng k thut bn, thi cp ................................................ 32

Lp t cp quang bng k thut th tri cp ................................................... 33

Lp t cp quang bng cch ko ...................................................................... 34

Kim tra sau khi lp t cp vo trong ng ........................................................ 35

Kim tra, nghim thu tuyn cp ........................................................................... 40

AN TON TRONG KHI THI CNG CP NGM ......................................................... 43

Nguyn tc t chc thi cng an ton.......................................................................... 43

Quy nh an ton khi thi cng cp ngm ................................................................... 43

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Svth: PHAN GIA KHU | Mssv: 09510400671

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HIN TRNG KHU T QUY HOCH:

Hnh 1: S v tr khu vc nghin cu

- Pha Bc gip ng chnh th Phc Thnh Long Hng

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Cc iu kin t nhin v x hi a im d kin xy dng Khu dn c

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- Cng tc qun l nh nc v cng nghip trn a bn huyn c

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Hin trng mng li thng tin

Khu vc cha c h thng thng tin lin lc hon chnh, ch c mt s tuyn

- QCXDVN 01:2008/BXD Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam

Vi nh hng quy hoch tr thnh khu vc pht trin chin lc v kinh t

TNH TON S B NHU CU THNG TIN

Nh cp trn y, n u tin pht trin mng thng tin quang.

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Thu bao/n v tnh

Bng 1: Thng k nhu cu thu bao

Bng thng k chi tit xin vui lng xem Ph lc 1, trang

QUY HOCH PHN KHU T L 1/2000

La chn kin trc mng truy nhp

So snh 2 phng n gia vic trin khai mng cp ng s dng cng

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Hnh 2: M hnh mng tng qut xDSL

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